51
|
Ekambaram SP, Perumal SS, Balakrishnan A. Scope of Hydrolysable Tannins as Possible Antimicrobial Agent. Phytother Res 2016; 30:1035-45. [PMID: 27062587 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Hydrolysable tannins (HTs) are secondary metabolites from plants, which are roughly classified into gallotannins and ellagitannins having gallic acid and ellagic acid residues respectively attached to the hydroxyl group of glucose by ester linkage. The presence of hexahydroxydiphenoyl and nonahydroxyterphenoyl moieties is considered to render antimicrobial property to HTs. HTs also show considerable synergy with antibiotics. Nevertheless, they have low pharmacokinetic property. The present review presents the scope of HTs as future antimicrobial agent. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanmuga Priya Ekambaram
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Anna University BIT Campus, Tiruchirappalli, 620 024, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Senthamil Selvan Perumal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Anna University BIT Campus, Tiruchirappalli, 620 024, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Ajay Balakrishnan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Anna University BIT Campus, Tiruchirappalli, 620 024, Tamilnadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Differential absorption and metabolism of hydroxytyrosol and its precursors oleuropein and secoiridoids. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
|
53
|
Absorption, Metabolism, and Excretion by Freely Moving Rats of 3,4-DHPEA-EDA and Related Polyphenols from Olive Fruits (Olea europaea). J Nutr Metab 2016; 2016:9104208. [PMID: 26904279 PMCID: PMC4745926 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9104208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Absorption, metabolism, and excretion of 3,4-DHPEA-EDA, oleuropein, and hydroxytyrosol isolated from olive fruits were newly evaluated after oral and intravenous administration in freely moving rats cannulated in the portal vein, jugular vein, and bile duct. Orally administered 3,4-DHPEA-EDA, an important bioactive compound in olive pomace, was readily absorbed and metabolized to hydroxytyrosol, homovanillic acid, and homovanillyl alcohol, as shown by dose-normalized 4 h area under the curve (AUC0→4 h/Dose) values of 27.7, 4.5, and 4.2 μM·min·kg/μmol, respectively, in portal plasma after oral administration. The parent compound 3,4-DHPEA-EDA was not observed in the portal plasma, urine, and bile after oral and intravenous administration. Additionally, hydroxytyrosol, homovanillic acid, and homovanillyl alcohol in the portal plasma after oral administration of hydroxytyrosol showed 51.1, 22.8, and 7.1 μM·min·kg/μmol AUC0→4 h/Dose, respectively. When oleuropein, a polar glucoside, was injected orally, oleuropein in the portal plasma showed 0.9 μM·min·kg/μmol AUC0→4 h/Dose. However, homovanillic acid was detected from oleuropein in only a small amount in the portal plasma. Moreover, the bioavailability of hydroxytyrosol and oleuropein for 4 hours was 13.1% and 0.5%, respectively. Because the amount of 3,4-DHPEA-EDA in olive fruits is about 2-3 times greater than that of hydroxytyrosol, the metabolites of 3,4-DHPEA-EDA will influence biological activities.
Collapse
|
54
|
del Mar Contreras M, Borrás-Linares I, Herranz-López M, Micol V, Segura-Carretero A. Further exploring the absorption and enterocyte metabolism of quercetin forms in the Caco-2 model using nano-LC-TOF-MS. Electrophoresis 2015; 37:998-1006. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201500375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- María del Mar Contreras
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences; University of Granada; Granada Spain
- Research and Development Functional Food Centre (CIDAF), Bioregión Building; Health Science Technological Park; Granada Spain
| | - Isabel Borrás-Linares
- Research and Development Functional Food Centre (CIDAF), Bioregión Building; Health Science Technological Park; Granada Spain
| | - María Herranz-López
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular (IBMC); Miguel Hernández University; Elche Alicante Spain
| | - Vicente Micol
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular (IBMC); Miguel Hernández University; Elche Alicante Spain
| | - Antonio Segura-Carretero
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences; University of Granada; Granada Spain
- Research and Development Functional Food Centre (CIDAF), Bioregión Building; Health Science Technological Park; Granada Spain
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Seiquer I, Rueda A, Olalla M, Cabrera-Vique C. Assessing the bioavailability of polyphenols and antioxidant properties of extra virgin argan oil by simulated digestion and Caco-2 cell assays. Comparative study with extra virgin olive oil. Food Chem 2015; 188:496-503. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Revised: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
56
|
Kamiloglu S, Capanoglu E, Grootaert C, Van Camp J. Anthocyanin Absorption and Metabolism by Human Intestinal Caco-2 Cells--A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:21555-74. [PMID: 26370977 PMCID: PMC4613267 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160921555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins from different plant sources have been shown to possess health beneficial effects against a number of chronic diseases. To obtain any influence in a specific tissue or organ, these bioactive compounds must be bioavailable, i.e., effectively absorbed from the gut into the circulation and transferred to the appropriate location within the body while still maintaining their bioactivity. One of the key factors affecting the bioavailability of anthocyanins is their transport through the gut epithelium. The Caco-2 cell line, a human intestinal epithelial cell model derived from a colon carcinoma, has been proven to be a good alternative to animal studies for predicting intestinal absorption of anthocyanins. Studies investigating anthocyanin absorption by Caco-2 cells report very low absorption of these compounds. However, the bioavailability of anthocyanins may be underestimated since the metabolites formed in the course of digestion could be responsible for the health benefits associated with anthocyanins. In this review, we critically discuss recent findings reported on the anthocyanin absorption and metabolism by human intestinal Caco-2 cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Senem Kamiloglu
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Human Nutrition (nutriFOODchem), Department of Food Safety and Food Quality, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; E-Mails: (S.K.); (C.G.); (J.V.C.)
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Esra Capanoglu
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Charlotte Grootaert
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Human Nutrition (nutriFOODchem), Department of Food Safety and Food Quality, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; E-Mails: (S.K.); (C.G.); (J.V.C.)
| | - John Van Camp
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Human Nutrition (nutriFOODchem), Department of Food Safety and Food Quality, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; E-Mails: (S.K.); (C.G.); (J.V.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Cardiac and Vascular Synergic Protective Effect of Olea europea L. Leaves and Hibiscus sabdariffa L. Flower Extracts. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2015:318125. [PMID: 26180582 PMCID: PMC4477181 DOI: 10.1155/2015/318125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Revised: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
This study was aimed at investigating the cardiovascular effects of an Olea europea L. leaf extract (OEE), of a Hibiscus sabdariffa L. flower extract (HSE), and of their 13 : 2 w/w mixture in order to assess their cardiac and vascular activity. Both extracts were fully characterized in their bioactive compounds by HPLC-MS/MS analysis. The study was performed using primary vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) to investigate the antioxidant and cytoprotective effect of the extracts and their mixture and isolated guinea-pig left and right atria and aorta to evaluate the inotropic and chronotropic activities and vasorelaxant properties. In cultured HUVECs, OEE and HSE reduced intracellular reactive oxygen species formation and improved cell viability, following oxidative stress in dose-dependent manner. OEE and HSE exerted negative inotropic and vasorelaxant effects without any chronotropic property. Interestingly, the mixture exerted higher cytoprotective effects and antioxidant activities. Moreover, the mixture exerted an inotropic effect similar to each single extract, while it revealed an intrinsic negative chronotropic activity different from the single extract; its relaxant activity was higher than that of each single extract. In conclusion OEE and HSE mixture has a good potential for pharmaceutical and nutraceutical application, thanks to the synergistic effects of the single phytochemicals.
Collapse
|
58
|
Chiesi C, Fernandez-Blanco C, Cossignani L, Font G, Ruiz M. Alternariol-induced cytotoxicity in Caco-2 cells. Protective effect of the phenolic fraction from virgin olive oil. Toxicon 2015; 93:103-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2014.11.230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Revised: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
59
|
Navarro M, Fiore A, Fogliano V, Morales FJ. Carbonyl trapping and antiglycative activities of olive oil mill wastewater. Food Funct 2015; 6:574-83. [DOI: 10.1039/c4fo01049c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The use of natural compounds as antiglycative agents to reduce the load of advanced glycation end products from diet is very promising.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Navarro
- Institute of Food Science
- Technology and Nutrition
- E-28040 Madrid
- Spain
| | - Alberto Fiore
- School of Science
- Engineering & Technology
- Division of Food & Life Sciences
- Abertay University
- Dundee DD1 1HG
| | - Vincenzo Fogliano
- Food Quality and Design group
- Wageningen University & Research Centre
- 6700 EV Wageningen
- The Netherlands
| | | |
Collapse
|
60
|
Pérez-Barrón G, Avila-Acevedo JG, García-Bores AM, Montes S, García-Jiménez S, León-Rivera I, Rubio-Osornio M, Monroy-Noyola A. Neuroprotective effect of Buddleja cordata methanolic extract in the 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium Parkinson's disease rat model. J Nat Med 2014; 69:86-93. [PMID: 25253176 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-014-0866-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the irreversible loss of dopaminergic neurons in the nigrostriatal pathway with subsequent dopamine deficiency. Environmental causes have been proposed through molecules, such as 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+)), to induce oxidative stress. The methanolic extract of plants of the genus Buddleja has been reported to have in vitro and in vivo antioxidant properties to protect against neuronal death. In the present study, the neuroprotective effect of Buddleja cordata methanolic extract in the MPP(+) PD rat model was investigated. Animals were administered orally with 50 or 100 mg/kg of methanolic extract every 24 h for 14 days. Twenty hours later, rats were infused with an intrastriatal stereotaxic microinjection of 10 µg MPP(+) in 8 μl sterile saline solution. Six days later, the animals were treated with 1 mg/kg apomorphine to record ipsilateral rotations for 1 h. All the rats were killed by decapitation and the lesioned striatum was dissected for dopamine and lipid peroxidation quantifications. Both methanolic extract doses led to a significantly lower (P < 0.05) number of ipsilateral rotations (75-80 %). This behavioral protection was corroborated with 60 % level of dopamine preservation (P < 0.05) and 90 % decrease in the formation of lipidic fluorescent products in the striatum (P < 0.05). This study demonstrates the antioxidant and neuroprotective effect of Buddleja cordata methanolic extract in the MPP(+) PD rat model, possibly due to the involvement of phenylpropanoids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Pérez-Barrón
- Laboratorio de Neuroprotección, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001 Col. Chamilpa, CP 62209, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
61
|
Garbetta A, Capotorto I, Cardinali A, D'Antuono I, Linsalata V, Pizzi F, Minervini F. Antioxidant activity induced by main polyphenols present in edible artichoke heads: influence of in vitro gastro-intestinal digestion. J Funct Foods 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2014.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
|
62
|
Gallardo E, Palma-Valdés R, Espartero JL, Santiago M. In vivo striatal measurement of hydroxytyrosol, and its metabolite (homovanillic alcohol), compared with its derivative nitrohydroxytyrosol. Neurosci Lett 2014; 579:173-6. [PMID: 25072818 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2014.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Revised: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Phenolic compounds were measured by in vivo brain microdialysis in rat striatum. Basal extracellular levels of hydroxytyrosol, homovanillic alcohol and nitro-hydroxytyrosol were not detectable by HPLC with electrochemical detection. However, systemic administration of hydroxytyrosol (20 and 40mg/kg, i.p.) showed a clear increase in the extracellular level of this compound. This increase was accompanied by an increase in the extracellular level of homovanillic alcohol, a metabolite of hydroxytyrosol formed by catechol-O-methyltransferase activity. Perfusion of hydroxytyrosol (20μM) through the microdialysis cannula also produced an increase in the extracellular level of homovanillic alcohol. Systemic administration of nitro-hydroxytyrosol (20 and 40mg/kg, i.p.) produced a small increase in the extracellular level of this compound. Our data show that hydroxytyrosol is a more brain penetrant phenolic compound than nitro-hydroxytyrosol. Accordingly, there is high cerebral metabolism of hydroxytyrosol to produce homovanillic alcohol by catechol-O-methyltransferase activity, that is saturated at the higher administered dose of hydroxytyrosol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Gallardo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica. Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Rocío Palma-Valdés
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica. Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - José Luis Espartero
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica. Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Marti Santiago
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Li M, Zhang T, Yang H, Zhao G, Xu C. A novel calcium supplement prepared by phytoferritin nanocages protects against absorption inhibitors through a unique pathway. Bone 2014; 64:115-23. [PMID: 24731925 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2014.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2014] [Revised: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The consumption of milk is declining in industrialized countries, leading to inadequate calcium intake. Therefore, it is important to explore a new class of Ca-enriched nutrient for the fortification of food. In this work, we prepared a novel class of soluble and edible Ca-protein complexes where approximately 140 calcium ions were encapsulated within a phytoferritin nanocage. As an alternative to other organic and/or inorganic carriers, protein nanocages were found to provide a unique vehicle of biological origin for the intracellular delivery of calcium ions for supplementation. Such encapsulation can protect calcium ions within protein cages against dietary factors such as tannic acid (TA), oxalic acid (OA), and other divalent metal ions in foodstuffs. We demonstrated that the calcium-containing ferritin composites can be absorbed by Caco-2 cells through a process where a TfR1 receptor is involved, whereas the uptake of free calcium ions has been known to be associated with another receptor, DMT1, indicating that the calcium ions encapsulated in supramolecular protein cages can be internalized by the Caco-2 cells through a different pathway from its free analogs for calcium supplementation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meiliang Li
- CAU & ACC Joint-Laboratory of Space Food, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100083, China; College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, 625014 Sichuan, China
| | - Tuo Zhang
- CAU & ACC Joint-Laboratory of Space Food, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Haixia Yang
- CAU & ACC Joint-Laboratory of Space Food, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100083, China; Nutrition and Food Safety Engineering Research Center of Shaanxi Province, Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Guanghua Zhao
- CAU & ACC Joint-Laboratory of Space Food, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Chuanshan Xu
- School of Chinese Medicine (SCM), Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
Merra E, Calzaretti G, Bobba A, Storelli MM, Casalino E. Antioxidant role of hydroxytyrosol on oxidative stress in cadmium-intoxicated rats: different effect in spleen and testes. Drug Chem Toxicol 2014; 37:420-6. [DOI: 10.3109/01480545.2013.878950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
65
|
|
66
|
Drira R, Sakamoto K. Modulation of adipogenesis, lipolysis and glucose consumption in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and C2C12 myotubes by hydroxytyrosol acetate: A comparative study. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 440:576-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.09.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 09/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
67
|
|
68
|
García-Villalba R, Larrosa M, Possemiers S, Tomás-Barberán FA, Espín JC. Bioavailability of phenolics from an oleuropein-rich olive (Olea europaea) leaf extract and its acute effect on plasma antioxidant status: comparison between pre- and postmenopausal women. Eur J Nutr 2013; 53:1015-27. [PMID: 24158653 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-013-0604-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Preclinical studies suggest a potential protective effect of oleuropein in osteoporosis, and one of the proposed mechanisms is the modulation of the oxidative stress. Oleuropein bioavailability and its effect on antioxidant status in pre- and postmenopausal women are unknown. The aim of the present study was to investigate the oral bioavailability of an olive leaf extract rich in oleuropein (40 %) and its effect on antioxidant status in postmenopausal women compared to premenopausal women. METHODS Premenopausal (n = 8) and postmenopausal women (n = 8) received 250 mg of olive leaf extract, blood samples (t = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16 and 24 h) were taken, and 24-h urine divided into five fractions was collected. Olive-leaf-extract-derived metabolites were analyzed in plasma and urine by HPLC-ESI-QTOF and UPLC-ESI-QqQ, and pharmacokinetics parameters were determined. Ferric reducing antioxidant ability and malondialdehyde levels were measured in plasma. RESULTS Plasma levels of hydroxytyrosol glucuronide, hydroxytyrosol sulfate, oleuropein aglycon glucuronide and oleuropein aglycon derivative 1 were higher in postmenopausal women. MDA levels were significantly decreased (32%) in postmenopausal women and inversely correlated with hydroxytyrosol sulfate levels. Postmenopausal women excreted less sulfated metabolites in urine than premenopausal women. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that postmenopausal women could be a target population for the intake of olive phenolics in order to prevent age-related and oxidative stress-related processes such as osteoporosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R García-Villalba
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods CEBAS-CSIC, 30100 Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
69
|
Orenes-Piñero E, García-Carmona F, Sánchez-Ferrer Á. A new process for obtaining hydroxytyrosol using transformed Escherichia coli whole cells with phenol hydroxylase gene from Geobacillus thermoglucosidasius. Food Chem 2013; 139:377-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.12.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2012] [Revised: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
70
|
Uptake and metabolism of olive oil polyphenols in human breast cancer cells using nano-liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2012; 898:69-77. [PMID: 22608806 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2012.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2011] [Revised: 04/17/2012] [Accepted: 04/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Polyphenols from extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), a main component of the Mediterranean diet, have demonstrated repeatedly anti-tumor activity in several in vitro and in vivo studies. However, little is known about the efficiency of the absorption process and metabolic conversion of these compounds at cellular level. In this study, a nano liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (nanoLC-ESI-TOF MS) method was developed to study the cellular uptake and metabolism of olive oil phenols in JIMT-1 human breast cancer cells. After incubation for different time periods with EVOO-derived phenolic extracts, culture media, cytosolic fraction and solid particles fraction were separated and analyzed. Most of the free phenols, mainly hydroxytyrosol, its secoiridoid derivatives, and the flavonoid luteolin, disappeared in the culture media in different ways and at different times. Besides, several metabolites were detected in the culture media, fact that may indicate absorption and intracellular metabolism followed by rapid cellular export. Low intracellular accumulation was observed with only traces of some compounds detected in the cytosolic and solid particles fractions. Methylated conjugates were the major metabolites detected, suggesting a catalytic action of catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT) in cancer cells.
Collapse
|
71
|
Fernández-Arroyo S, Gómez-Martínez A, Rocamora-Reverte L, Quirantes-Piné R, Segura-Carretero A, Fernández-Gutiérrez A, Ferragut J. Application of nanoLC-ESI-TOF-MS for the metabolomic analysis of phenolic compounds from extra-virgin olive oil in treated colon-cancer cells. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2012; 63:128-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2012.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2011] [Revised: 01/23/2012] [Accepted: 01/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
72
|
Santos JV, Pina MET, Marques MPM, de Carvalho LAEB. New sustained release of Zidovudine Matrix tablets − cytotoxicity toward Caco-2 cells. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2012; 39:1154-66. [DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2012.669129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
73
|
Ou K, Percival SS, Zou T, Khoo C, Gu L. Transport of cranberry A-type procyanidin dimers, trimers, and tetramers across monolayers of human intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:1390-1396. [PMID: 22263899 DOI: 10.1021/jf2040912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A-type procyanidin oligomers in cranberries are known to inhibit the adhesion of uropathogenic bacteria. B-type procyanidin dimers and trimers are absorbed by humans. The absorption of A-type procyanidins from cranberries in humans has not been demonstrated. This study examined the transport of A-type cranberry procyanidin dimers, trimers, and tetramers on differentiated human intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cell monolayers. Procyanidins were extracted from cranberries and purified using chromatographic methods. Fraction I contained predominantly A-type procyanidin dimer A2 [epicatechin-(2-O-7, 4-8)-epicatechin]. Fraction II contained primarily A-type trimers and tetramers, with B-type trimers, A-type pentamers, and A-type hexamers being minor components. Fraction I or II in solution was added onto the apical side of the Caco-2 cell membranes. The media at the basolateral side of the membranes were analyzed using HPLC-MS(n) after 2 h. Data indicated that procyanidin dimer A2 in fraction I and A-type trimers and tetramers in fraction II traversed across Caco-2 cell monolayers with transport ratio of 0.6%, 0.4%, and 0.2%, respectively. This study demonstrated that A-type dimers, trimers, and tetramers were transported across Caco-2 cells at low rates, suggesting that they could be absorbed by humans after cranberry consumption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keqin Ou
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
74
|
Zbakh H, El Abbassi A. Potential use of olive mill wastewater in the preparation of functional beverages: A review. J Funct Foods 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2012.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
|
75
|
Drira R, Chen S, Sakamoto K. Oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol inhibit adipocyte differentiation in 3 T3-L1 cells. Life Sci 2011; 89:708-16. [PMID: 21945192 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2011.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2011] [Revised: 06/30/2011] [Accepted: 08/10/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol, which are antioxidant molecules found in olive leaves and oil, have been reported to exert several biochemical and pharmacological effects. These polyphenols are able to prevent low-density lipoprotein oxidation and protect cells against several diseases. Here, we studied the effect of these compounds on adipocyte differentiation in 3 T3-L1. MAIN METHODS To perform this study, 3 T3-L1 preadipocytes viability was analysed via Trypan blue and MTT assays, and triglycerides were stained with Oil Red O. Adipogenesis related genes expression were checked by RT-PCR and qRT-PCR. Also, cells counting and flow cytometry were used to analyse the mitotic cell cycle during the adipogenesis clonal expansion phase. RESULTS Oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol dose-dependently suppressed intracellular triglyceride accumulation during adipocyte differentiation without effect on cell viability. PPARγ, C/EBPα and SREBP-1c transcription factors and their downstream targets genes (GLUT4, CD36 and FASN) were down-regulated after treatment by oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol. At 200 and 300 μmol/L oleuropein or 100 and 150 μmol/L hydroxytyrosol, the greatest effect on the adipogenesis process was observed during the early stages of differentiation. Flow cytometry revealed both polyphenols to inhibit the division of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes during mitotic clonal expansion and cause cell cycle delay. Furthermore, oleuropein and its derivate hydroxytyrosol decreased the transcriptional activity of SREBP-1c in a stable transfected 3T3-L1 cell line. SIGNIFICANCE These findings indicate that both compounds are able to prevent 3T3-L1 differentiation by inhibition of the mitotic clonal expansion and downregulation of the adipogenesis related genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Riadh Drira
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
76
|
Deiana M, Incani A, Rosa A, Atzeri A, Loru D, Cabboi B, Paola Melis M, Lucas R, Morales JC, Assunta Dessì M. Hydroxytyrosol glucuronides protect renal tubular epithelial cells against H(2)O(2) induced oxidative damage. Chem Biol Interact 2011; 193:232-9. [PMID: 21798251 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2011.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2011] [Revised: 07/04/2011] [Accepted: 07/10/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Hydroxytyrosol (2-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)ethanol; HT), the most active ortho-diphenolic compound, present either in free or esterified form in extravirgin olive oil, is extensively metabolized in vivo mainly to O-methylated, O-sulfated and glucuronide metabolites. We investigated the capacity of three glucuronide metabolites of HT, 3'-O-β-d-glucuronide and 4'-O-β-d-glucuronide derivatives and 2-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)ethanol-1-O-β-d-glucuronide, in comparison with the parent compound, to inhibit H(2)O(2) induced oxidative damage and cell death in LLC-PK1 cells, a porcine kidney epithelial cell line. H(2)O(2) treatment exerted a toxic effect inducing cell death, interacting selectively within the pro-death extracellular-signal relate kinase (ERK 1/2) and the pro-survival Akt/PKB signaling pathways. It also produced direct oxidative damage initiating the membrane lipid peroxidation process. None of the tested glucuronides exhibited any protection against the loss in renal cell viability. They also failed to prevent the changes in the phosphorylation states of ERK and Akt, probably reflecting their inability to enter the cells, while HT was highly effective. Notably, pretreatment with glucuronides exerted a protective effect at the highest concentration tested against membrane oxidative damage, comparable to that of HT: the formation of malondialdehyde, fatty acid hydroperoxides and 7-ketocholesterol was significantly inhibited.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monica Deiana
- Dipartimento di Biologia Sperimentale, Sezione di Patologia Sperimentale, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, Monserrato, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
77
|
Rouissi K, Hamrita B, Kouidi S, Messai Y, Jaouadi B, Hamden K, Medimegh I, Ouerhani S, Cherif M, Elgaaied AB. In Vivo Prevention of Bladder Urotoxicity. Int J Toxicol 2011; 30:419-27. [DOI: 10.1177/1091581811410444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Urotoxicity is a troublesome complication associated with cyclophosphamide (CP) and L-buthionine-SR-sulfoximine (BSO) treatment in chemotherapy. With this concern in mind, the present study investigated the potential effects of a hydroxytyrosol extract from olive mill waste (OMW) on urotoxicity induced by acute CP and BSO doses using a Swiss albino mouse model. Toxicity modulation was evaluated by measuring lipid peroxidation (LPO) and antioxidants in urinary bladder. The findings revealed that the hydroxytyrosol extract exerted a protective effect not only on LPO but also on enzymatic antioxidants. When compared to the controls, the CP-treated animals underwent significant decreases in the glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GP), and catalase (CAT) activities. The level of glutathione (GSH) was also reduced with increased doses of LPO in the CP-treated animals. L-Buthionine-SR-sulfoximine treatment exerted an additive toxic effect on the CP-treated animals. Interestingly, pretreatment with the hydroxytyrosol extract restored the activities of all enzymes back to normal levels and exhibited an overall protective effect on the CP- and BSO-induced toxicities in urinary bladder. The restoration of GSH through the treatment with the hydroxytyrosol extract can play an important role in reversing CP-induced apoptosis and free radical-mediated LPO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kamel Rouissi
- Laboratory of Genetics, Immunology and Human Pathology, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of El-Manar I, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Bechr Hamrita
- Laboratory of Genetics, Immunology and Human Pathology, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of El-Manar I, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Soumaya Kouidi
- Laboratory of Genetics, Immunology and Human Pathology, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of El-Manar I, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Yosra Messai
- Laboratory of Genetics, Immunology and Human Pathology, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of El-Manar I, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Bassem Jaouadi
- Laboratory of Microorganisms and Biomolecules, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Khaled Hamden
- Laboratory of Animal Ecophysiology, Faculty of Science of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Imen Medimegh
- Laboratory of Genetics, Immunology and Human Pathology, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of El-Manar I, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Slah Ouerhani
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Hematology, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Cherif
- Department of Urology, Charles Nicole Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Amel Benammar Elgaaied
- Laboratory of Genetics, Immunology and Human Pathology, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of El-Manar I, Tunis, Tunisia
| |
Collapse
|
78
|
Liu Z, Sun L, Zhu L, Jia X, Li X, Jia H, Wang Y, Weber P, Long J, Liu J. Hydroxytyrosol protects retinal pigment epithelial cells from acrolein-induced oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. J Neurochem 2011; 103:2690-700. [PMID: 20938484 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2007.04954.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Hydroxytyrosol (HTS) is a natural polyphenol abundant in olive oil. Increasing evidence indicates HTS has beneficial effect on human health for preventing various diseases. In the present study, we investigated the protective effects of HTS on acrolein-induced toxicity in human retinal pigment epithelial cell line, ARPE-19, a cellular model of smoking- and age-related macular degeneration. Acrolein, a major component of the gas phase cigarette smoke and also a product of lipid peroxidation in vivo, at 75 μmol/L for 24 h caused significant loss of cell viability, oxidative damage (increase in oxidant generation and oxidative damage to proteins and DNA, decrease in antioxidants and antioxidant enzymes, and also inactivation of the Keap1/Nrf2 pathway), and mitochondrial dysfunction (decrease in membrane potential, activities of mitochondrial complexes, viable mitochondria, oxygen consumption, and factors for mitochondrial biogenesis, and increase in calcium). Pre-treatment with HTS dose dependently and also time dependently protected the ARPE-19 cells from acrolein-induced oxidative damage and mitochondrial dysfunction. A short-term pre-treatment with HTS (48 h) required > 75 μmol/L for showing protection while a long-term pre-treatment (7 days) showed protective effect from 5 μmol/L on. The protective effect of HTS in this model was as potent as that of established mitochondria-targeting antioxidant nutrients. These results suggest that HTS is also a mitochondrial-targeting antioxidant nutrient and that dietary administration of HTS may be an effective measure in reducing and or preventing cigarette smoke-induced or age-related retinal pigment epithelial degeneration, such as age-associated macular degeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongbo Liu
- Institute for Nutritional Science, Shanghai Institutes of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
79
|
Khymenets O, Farré M, Pujadas M, Ortiz E, Joglar J, Covas MI, de la Torre R. Direct analysis of glucuronidated metabolites of main olive oil phenols in human urine after dietary consumption of virgin olive oil. Food Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
80
|
Mateos R, Pereira-Caro G, Saha S, Cert R, Redondo-Horcajo M, Bravo L, Kroon P. Acetylation of hydroxytyrosol enhances its transport across differentiated Caco-2 cell monolayers. Food Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.09.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
|
81
|
Abstract
The secoiridoids 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethanol-elenolic acid (3,4-DHPEA-EA) and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethanol-elenolic acid dialdehyde (3,4-DHPEA-EDA) account for approximately 55 % of the phenolic content of olive oil and may be partly responsible for its reported human health benefits. We have investigated the absorption and metabolism of these secoiridoids in the upper gastrointestinal tract. Both 3,4-DHPEA-EDA and 3,4-DHPEA-EA were relatively stable under gastric conditions, only undergoing limited hydrolysis. Both secoiridoids were transferred across a human cellular model of the small intestine (Caco-2 cells). However, no glucuronide conjugation was observed for either secoiridoid during transfer, although some hydroxytyrosol and homovanillic alcohol were formed. As Caco-2 cells are known to express only limited metabolic activity, we also investigated the absorption and metabolism of secoiridoids in isolated, perfused segments of the jejunum and ileum. Here, both secoiridoids underwent extensive metabolism, most notably a two-electron reduction and glucuronidation during the transfer across both the ileum and jejunum. Unlike Caco-2 cells, the intact small-intestinal segments contain NADPH-dependent aldo-keto reductases, which reduce the aldehyde carbonyl group of 3,4-DHPEA-EA and one of the two aldeydic carbonyl groups present on 3,4-DHPEA-EDA. These reduced forms are then glucuronidated and represent the major in vivo small-intestinal metabolites of the secoiridoids. In agreement with the cell studies, perfusion of the jejunum and ileum also yielded hydroxytyrosol and homovanillic alcohol and their respective glucuronides. We suggest that the reduced and glucuronidated forms represent novel physiological metabolites of the secoiridoids that should be pursued in vivo and investigated for their biological activity.
Collapse
|
82
|
Nakbi A, Dabbou S, Champion S, Fouchier F, Mehri S, Attia N, Leger C, Hammami M. Modulation of the superoxide anion production and MMP-9 expression in PMA stimulated THP-1 cells by olive oil minor components: Tyrosol and hydroxytyrosol. Food Res Int 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2010.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
83
|
Protective effect of simple phenols from extravirgin olive oil against lipid peroxidation in intestinal Caco-2 cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2010; 48:3008-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2010.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2010] [Revised: 07/27/2010] [Accepted: 07/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
84
|
Erbay Z, Icier F. The Importance and Potential Uses of Olive Leaves. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2010.496021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
85
|
Erbay Z, Icier F. The Importance and Potential Uses of Olive Leaves. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2010.496021 pii 925178733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2022]
|
86
|
Cardinali A, Cicco N, Linsalata V, Minervini F, Pati S, Pieralice M, Tursi N, Lattanzio V. Biological activity of high molecular weight phenolics from olive mill wastewater. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:8585-8590. [PMID: 20681646 DOI: 10.1021/jf101437c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Olive oil production generates large amounts of recalcitrant compounds, the olive oil mill wastewater (OMWW), which represent one of the most contaminating effluents among those produced by the agrofood industries. Nowadays, this view has changed to one that recognizes the waste as a low-cost starting material rich in bioactive compounds, particularly biophenols, that can be extracted and applied as natural antioxidants for the food and pharmaceutical industries. The data reported in this paper indicate that the OMWW extracts, besides low molecular weight antioxidant phenolics such as tyrosol and hydroxytyrosol, also contain phenolics with a molecular weight in the range of 600-5000 Da, which exhibit efficient scavenging activities against hydroxyl and peroxyl radicals. This group of phenolics includes, besides verbascoside, isoverbascoside, and an oxidized form of verbascoside, a number of higher molecular weight phenolics arising from oxidative polymerization of hydroxytyrosol and caffeic acid. Overall, these higher molecular weight phenolics prove to be, in some in vitro tests, more efficient scavengers of hydrophilic hydroxyl radicals than hydroxytyrosol, which could be used for industrial applications as natural nontoxic antioxidants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela Cardinali
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, CNR, Via Amendola 122/O, 70126 bBari, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
87
|
Bazoti FN, Gikas E, Tsarbopoulos A. Simultaneous quantification of oleuropein and its metabolites in rat plasma by liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Biomed Chromatogr 2010; 24:506-15. [PMID: 19795379 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Oleuropein (OE) is the cardinal bioactive compound derived from Olea europaea and possesses numerous beneficial properties for human health. However, despite the plethora of analytical methods that have studied the biological fate of olive oil-derived bioactive compounds, no validated methodology has been published to date for the simultaneous determination of OE, along with all its major metabolites. In this study, a liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI MS/MS) method has been developed and validated for the quantification of OE, simultaneously with its main metabolites hydroxytyrosol, 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid, 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-methoxy-phenol or homovanillyl alcohol, 2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)acetic acid or homovanillic acid, and elenolic acid in rat plasma matrix. Samples were analyzed by LC-ESI MS/MS prior to and after enzymatic treatment. A solid-phase extraction step with high mean recovery for all compounds was performed as sample pretreatment. Calibration curves were linear for all bioactive compounds over the range studied, while the method exhibited good accuracy, intra- and inter-day precision. The limit of detection was in the picogram range (per milliliterof plasma) for HT and OE and in the nanogram range (per milliliter of plasma) for the other analytes, and the method was simple and rapid. The developed methodology was successfully applied for the simultaneous quantification of OE and its aforementioned metabolites in rat plasma samples, thus demonstrating its suitability for pharmacokinetics, as well as bioavailability and metabolism studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fotini N Bazoti
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, Panepistimiopolis, Rio, Greece
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
88
|
Granados-Principal S, Quiles JL, Ramirez-Tortosa CL, Sanchez-Rovira P, Ramirez-Tortosa MC. Hydroxytyrosol: from laboratory investigations to future clinical trials. Nutr Rev 2010; 68:191-206. [PMID: 20416016 DOI: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2010.00278.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Mediterranean countries have lower rates of mortality from cardiovascular disease and cancer than Northern European or other Western countries. This has been attributed, at least in part, to the so-called Mediterranean diet, which is composed of specific local foods, including olive oil. Traditionally, many beneficial properties associated with this oil have been ascribed to its high oleic acid content. Today, it is clear that many of the beneficial effects of ingesting virgin olive oil are due to its minor compounds. This review summarizes the existing knowledge concerning the chemistry, pharmacokinetics, and toxicology of hydroxytyrosol, a minor compound of virgin olive oil, as well as this compound's importance for health. The main findings in terms of its beneficial effects in cardiovascular disease and cancer, including its properties against inflammation and platelet aggregation, are emphasized. New evidence and strategies regarding the use of hydroxytyrosol as a natural drug for the prevention and treatment of diseases with high incidences in Western countries are also presented.
Collapse
|
89
|
Digestion stability and evaluation of the metabolism and transport of olive oil phenols in the human small-intestinal epithelial Caco-2/TC7 cell line. Food Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
90
|
Biological activities of phenolic compounds present in virgin olive oil. Int J Mol Sci 2010; 11:458-79. [PMID: 20386648 PMCID: PMC2852848 DOI: 10.3390/ijms11020458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 267] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2009] [Revised: 01/19/2010] [Accepted: 01/22/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The Mediterranean diet is associated with a lower incidence of atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative diseases and certain types of cancer. The apparent health benefits have been partially ascribed to the dietary consumption of virgin olive oil by Mediterranean populations. Much research has focused on the biologically active phenolic compounds naturally present in virgin olive oils to aid in explaining reduced mortality and morbidity experienced by people consuming a traditional Mediterranean diet. Studies (human, animal, in vivo and in vitro) have demonstrated that olive oil phenolic compounds have positive effects on certain physiological parameters, such as plasma lipoproteins, oxidative damage, inflammatory markers, platelet and cellular function, antimicrobial activity and bone health. This paper summarizes current knowledge on the bioavailability and biological activities of olive oil phenolic compounds.
Collapse
|
91
|
Corona G, Spencer JPE, Dessì MA. Extra virgin olive oil phenolics: absorption, metabolism, and biological activities in the GI tract. Toxicol Ind Health 2009; 25:285-93. [PMID: 19651799 DOI: 10.1177/0748233709102951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Olive oil, a typical ingredient of the Mediterranean diet, possesses many beneficial health effects. The biological activities ascribed to olive oil consumption are associated in part to its phenolics constituents, and mainly linked to the direct or indirect antioxidant activity of olive oil phenolics and their metabolites, which are exerted more efficiently in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, where dietary phenolics are more concentrated when compared to other organs. In this regard, we present a brief overview of the metabolism, biological activities, and anticancer properties of olive oil phenolics in the GI tract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Corona
- Dipartimento di Biologia Sperimentale, Sez. Patologia Sperimentale, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - JPE Spencer
- Molecular Nutrition Group, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading RG2 6AP, UK
| | - MA Dessì
- Dipartimento di Biologia Sperimentale, Sez. Patologia Sperimentale, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
92
|
Zampa A, Silvi S, Servili M, Montedoro G, Orpianesi C, Cresci A. In vitromodulatory effects of colonic microflora by olive oil iridoids. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY IN HEALTH AND DISEASE 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/08910600600994940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Zampa
- Dipartimento di Scienze Morfologiche e Biochimiche Comparate, University of Camerino, Camerino
| | - Stefania Silvi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Morfologiche e Biochimiche Comparate, University of Camerino, Camerino
| | - Maurizio Servili
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Carla Orpianesi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Morfologiche e Biochimiche Comparate, University of Camerino, Camerino
| | - Alberto Cresci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Morfologiche e Biochimiche Comparate, University of Camerino, Camerino
| |
Collapse
|
93
|
Gödecke T, Lankin DC, Nikolic D, Chen SN, van Breemen RB, Farnsworth NR, Pauli GF. Guanidine alkaloids and Pictet-Spengler adducts from black cohosh (Cimicifuga racemosa). JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2009; 72:433-7. [PMID: 19220011 PMCID: PMC2765500 DOI: 10.1021/np8006952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
As an extension of work on the recently discovered nitrogenous metabolites from Cimicifuga/Actaea species, three new guanidine alkaloids have been isolated and characterized from C. racemosa (syn. A. racemosa) roots. Of these, cyclo-cimipronidine (1) and cimipronidine methyl ester (2) are congeners of cimipronidine (3), whereas dopargine (5) is a derivative of dopamine. By employing NMR- and MS-guided chemodiversity profiling of a polar serotonergic (5-HT(7)) fraction, the guanidine alkaloids were initially detected in a clinical extract of black cohosh and were isolated along with a congener of salsolinol 4, 5, and 3-hydroxytyrosol 3-O-glucoside (7). The structures of 1, 2, and 5 were confirmed by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy as well as LC-MS and HRMS spectroscopy. A plausible biosynthetic relationship may be inferred between the homoproline-analogue cimipronidines and the dopamine-derived Cimicifuga alkaloids. These strongly basic and frequently zwitterionic nitrogenous metabolites contribute considerable chemical diversity to the polar serotonergic fraction of black cohosh.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Gödecke
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research and Program for Collaborative Research in the Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612
| | - David C. Lankin
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research and Program for Collaborative Research in the Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612
| | - Dejan Nikolic
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research and Program for Collaborative Research in the Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612
| | - Shao-Nong Chen
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research and Program for Collaborative Research in the Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612
| | - Richard B. van Breemen
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research and Program for Collaborative Research in the Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612
| | - Norman R. Farnsworth
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research and Program for Collaborative Research in the Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612
| | - Guido F. Pauli
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research and Program for Collaborative Research in the Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612
| |
Collapse
|
94
|
Abstract
Extra virgin olive oil, the primary source of oil in the Mediterranean diet, differs significantly in composition from dietary lipids that are consumed by other populations. The several minor constituents of virgin olive oil include vitamins such as alpha-and gamma-tocopherols (around 200 ppm) and beta-carotene, phytosterols, pigments, terpenic acids, flavonoids, squalene, and a number of phenolic compounds, such as hydroxytyrosol, usually grouped under the rubric “polyphenols”. The antioxidant and enzyme-modulating activities of extra virgin olive oil phenolics, such as their ability to inhibit NF-kB activation in human monocyte/macrophages has been demonstrated in vitro. There is also solid evidence that extra virgin olive oil phenolic compounds are absorbed and their human metabolism has been elucidated. Several activities that might be associated with cardiovascular protection, such as inhibition of platelet aggregation and reduction of plasma rHcy have been demonstrated in vivo. The biologically relevant properties of olive phenolics are described, although further investigations in controlled clinical trials are needed to support the hypothesis that virgin olive oil consumption may contribute to lower cardiovascular mortality.
Collapse
|
95
|
Cornwell DG, Ma J. Nutritional benefit of olive oil: the biological effects of hydroxytyrosol and its arylating quinone adducts. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2008; 56:8774-8786. [PMID: 18783241 DOI: 10.1021/jf8015877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Olive oil is the essential component of the Mediterranean diet, a nutritional regimen gaining ever-increasing renown for its beneficial effects on inflammation, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. A unique characteristic of olive oil is its enrichment in oleuropein, a member of the secoiridoid family, which hydrolyzes to the catechol hydroxytyrosol and functions as a hydrophilic phenolic antioxidant that is oxidized to its catechol quinone during redox cycling. Little effort has been spent on exploring the biological properties of the catechol hydroxytyrosol quinone, a strong arylating electrophile that forms Michael adducts with thiol nucleophiles in glutathione and proteins. This study compares the chemical and biological characteristics of hydroxytyrosol with those of the tocopherol family in which Michael adducts of arylating desmethyltocopherol quinones have been identified and correlated with biologic properties including cytotoxicity and induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress. It is noted that hydroxytyrosol and desmethyltocopherols share many similarities, suggesting that Michael adduct formation by an arylating quinone electrophile may contribute to the biological properties of both families, including the unique nutritional benefit of olive oil.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David G Cornwell
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
96
|
Deiana M, Incani A, Rosa A, Corona G, Atzeri A, Loru D, Paola Melis M, Assunta Dessì M. Protective effect of hydroxytyrosol and its metabolite homovanillic alcohol on H2O2 induced lipid peroxidation in renal tubular epithelial cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2008; 46:2984-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2008.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2008] [Revised: 05/23/2008] [Accepted: 05/26/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
97
|
Hashim YZHY, Rowland IR, McGlynn H, Servili M, Selvaggini R, Taticchi A, Esposto S, Montedoro G, Kaisalo L, Wähälä K, Gill CIR. Inhibitory effects of olive oil phenolics on invasion in human colon adenocarcinoma cells in vitro. Int J Cancer 2008; 122:495-500. [PMID: 17943720 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.23148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Studies in human, animal and cellular systems suggest that phenols from virgin olive oil are capable of inhibiting several stages in carcinogenesis, including metastasis. The invasion cascade comprises cell attachment to extracellular matrix components or basement membrane, degradation of basement membrane by proteolytic enzymes and migration of cells through the modified matrix. In the present study, we investigated the effect of phenolics extracted from virgin olive oil (OVP) and its main constituents: hydroxytyrosol (3,4-dihydroxyphenylethanol), tyrosol (p-hydroxyphenylethanol), pinoresinol and caffeic acid. The effects of these phenolics were tested on the invasion of HT115 human colon carcinoma cells in a Matrigel invasion assay. OVP and its compounds showed different dose-related anti-invasive effects. At 25 microg/ml OVP and equivalent doses of individual compounds, significant anti-invasive effects were seen in the range of 45-55% of control. Importantly, OVP, but not the isolated phenolics, significantly reduced total cell number in the Matrigel invasion assay. There were no significant effects shown on cell viability, indicating the reduction of cell number in the Matrigel invasion assay was not due to cytotoxicity. There were also no significant effects on cell attachment to plastic substrate, indicating the importance of extracellular matrix in modulating the anti-invasive effects of OVP. In conclusion, the results from this study indicate that phenols from virgin olive oil have the ability to inhibit invasion of colon cancer cells and the effects may be mediated at different levels of the invasion cascade.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yumi Z H-Y Hashim
- UCD Agriculture and Food Science Centre, School of Agriculture, Food Science and Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
98
|
Tripoli E, Giammanco M, Tabacchi G, Di Majo D, Giammanco S, La Guardia M. The phenolic compounds of olive oil: structure, biological activity and beneficial effects on human health. Nutr Res Rev 2007; 18:98-112. [DOI: 10.1079/nrr200495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 428] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe Mediterranean diet is rich in vegetables, cereals, fruit, fish, milk, wine and olive oil and has salutary biological functions. Epidemiological studies have shown a lower incidence of atherosclerosis, cardiovascular diseases and certain kinds of cancer in the Mediterranean area. Olive oil is the main source of fat, and the Mediterranean diet's healthy effects can in particular be attributed not only to the high relationship between unsaturated and saturated fatty acids in olive oil but also to the antioxidant property of its phenolic compounds. The main phenolic compounds, hydroxytyrosol and oleuropein, which give extra-virgin olive oil its bitter, pungent taste, have powerful antioxidant activity bothin vivoandin vitro. The present review focuses on recent works analysing the relationship between the structure of olive oil polyphenolic compounds and their antioxidant activity. These compounds' possible beneficial effects are due to their antioxidant activity, which is related to the development of atherosclerosis and cancer, and to anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activity.
Collapse
|
99
|
Deiana M, Rosa A, Corona G, Atzeri A, Incani A, Visioli F, Paola Melis M, Assunta Dessì M. Protective effect of olive oil minor polar components against oxidative damage in rats treated with ferric-nitrilotriacetate. Food Chem Toxicol 2007; 45:2434-40. [PMID: 17686562 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2007.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2006] [Revised: 05/16/2007] [Accepted: 06/15/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The phenolic fraction of virgin olive oil exerts preventive effects against reactive oxygen species mediated degenerative diseases. To investigate its action as inhibitor of lipid peroxidation in vivo, we treated Wistar rats with olive oil minor polar components (MPC) (25-50 mg/kg bw) prior to the administration of a sublethal dose (15 mg Fe/kg bw) of ferric-nitrilotriacetate (Fe-NTA). Intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) of Fe-NTA lead to increased oxidative stress associated with extensive peroxidation of membrane lipids in plasma, kidney, and liver of treated rats. Fe-NTA treatment induced a significant decrease of the major oxidizable membrane lipids, alpha-tocopherol, fatty acids and cholesterol, together with an increase of fatty acids hydroperoxides (HP) and 7-ketocholesterol (7-keto). I.p. administration of MPC significantly inhibited fatty acids and cholesterol oxidation, and reduced the levels of HP and 7-keto. In summary, MPC administration protects organs against lipid peroxidation and conserves the endogenous alpha-tocopherol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monica Deiana
- Dipartimento di Biologia Sperimentale, Sezione di Patologia Sperimentale, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria SS 554, 09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
100
|
Dinnella C, Minichino P, D'Andrea AM, Monteleone E. Bioaccessibility and antioxidant activity stability of phenolic compounds from extra-virgin olive oils during in vitro digestion. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2007; 55:8423-9. [PMID: 17880163 DOI: 10.1021/jf072244+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The impact of an in vitro procedure that mimics the physiochemical changes occurring in gastric and small intestinal digestion on the bioaccessibility and antioxidant activity of phenols from 10 extra-virgin olive oil samples was assessed. Extra-virgin olive oil phenols were totally extracted in the aqueous phase, which reproduces gastric fluids during the digestion procedure. A linear bioaccessibility model, based on tyrosol behavior in model oil samples, was used to estimate the bioaccessibility index (BI%) of extra-virgin olive oil phenols. The BI% varied amongst samples from a maximum of 90% to a minimum of 37%, thus indicating that only a fraction of phenols can be considered bioaccessible. The specific antioxidant activity of olive oil phenols proved to be negatively affected by the digestion procedure. By computing a principal component analysis, it was possible to show that differences in the potential bioactive effect of extra-virgin olive oil samples were related to different phenolic profiles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Dinnella
- Dept. Biotecnologie Agrarie, Università degli Studi di Firenze, via Donizetti, 6 50144 Firenze, Italy.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|