51
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Grimmecke HD, Reuter G. [Structure of the cell wall polysaccharide in the food protein yeast Candida spec. H. IV. Structure of the alkali labile oligosaccharide in the mannan-protein-phosphate complex]. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR ALLGEMEINE MIKROBIOLOGIE 1981; 21:211-8. [PMID: 7269654 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.3630210306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Mild alkaline degradation of the proteophosphomannan (PPM) under conditions that effect beta-elimination of the residues, O-glycosidically bound on serine and threonine, release mainly mannose, glucose, mannobioses and mannotrioses with the same structures as those obtained by acetolysis of the polysaccharide component of the PPM. Methylation analysis and paper chromatography demonstrated the structural heterogeneity of the tetra-, penta- and hexasaccharide fractions containing 1,2- and 1,6-linked and 1,2,6-branched manno-oligosaccharides. Methylation analysis and acetolysis, paper chromatography and analysis of the carbohydrate composition of the oligosaccharide fractions DP 7-12 and DP 15-19 demonstrated inner core region like structures containing 1,2- and 1,6-linked mannose, 1,2,6- and 1,3,6-branchpoints and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine.
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52
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M. Barreto-Berter E, R. Travassos L, Gorin PA. Chemical structure of the d-galacto-d-mannan component from hyphae of Aspergillus niger and other Aspergillus spp. Carbohydr Res 1980. [DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(00)85904-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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53
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Augustín J, Zemek J, Kuniak L, Kocková-Kratochvílová A. Mannan-hydrolyzing enzymes of yeasts and yeast-like organism. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 1980; 25:301-5. [PMID: 6998838 DOI: 10.1007/bf02876609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The ability to degrade mannan in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, i.e. the ability to produce an enzyme of the alpha-mannosidase type was tested in 57 representatives of various genera and species of yeasts and yeast-like organisms. Their growth was simultaneously monitored on soluble mannan and on 4-nitrophenyl-alpha-D-mannopyradnoside. The majority of strains produced alpha-mannosidase (EC 3.2.1.24).
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54
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Hampel W. Bildung von ?-Mannosidase durch Arthrobacter. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 1980. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00903241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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55
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Gorin PA, Previato JO, Mendonça-Previato L, Travassos LR. Structure of the D-mannan and D-arabino-D-galactan in Crithidia fasciculata: changes in proportion with age of culture. THE JOURNAL OF PROTOZOOLOGY 1979; 26:473-8. [PMID: 536936 DOI: 10.1111/j.1550-7408.1979.tb04656.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cells of the insect flagellate Crithidia fasciculata contained mannan and arabinogalactan components, whose porportion varied with culture age, the former predominating during early stages, and the latter during the later stages of exponential growth and the deceleration phase. The mannan was a beta-D-(1 leads to 2)-linked D-mannopyranan. The arabinogalactan had a complex structure containing, in part, a beta-D-(1 leads to 3)-linked galactopyranose main-chain substituted in the 2 positions by single-unit D-arabinopyranose side-chains and with some unsubstituted units.
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56
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Previato JO, Mendonca-Previato L, Gorin PA. A novel β-D-(1→2)-linked D-mannopyranān from Crithidia deanei. Carbohydr Res 1979. [DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(00)83284-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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57
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Opheim DJ. alpha-D-Mannosidase of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Characterization and modulation of activity. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1978; 524:121-30. [PMID: 350285 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2744(78)90110-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A unique and interesting alpha-D-mannosidase (alpha-D-mannoside mannohydrolase EC 3.2.1.24) activity has been isolated from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The enzyme was localized in a crude particulate fraction of the cell extract and was not solubilized by treatment with detergents or high ionic strength NaCl. The enzyme had a pH optimum of 6.3, Km 50 micron with p-nitrophenyl-alpha-D-mannopyranoside, and was competitively inhibited by D-mannose (Ki 20 mM). The enzyme is not affected by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, a number of different cations, or sulfhydryl reagents. It was inhibited by p-chloromercuriphenyl sulfonic acid and this inhibition is prevented by the addition of substrate. The cellular concentration of alpha-D-mannosidase is inversely proportional to growth rate, suggesting that the enzyme is under catabolite repression. The level of enzyme was found to increase approx. 8-fold during sporulation. This is apparently due to de novo synthesis, since inhibition of protein synthesis by cycloheximide prevents the increase in enzyme activity.
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Abstract
Two glycoproteins have been isolated from the cell walls of baker's yeast. One is a glucan-protein complex which has been partially characterised as having a branched carbohydrate structure composed of chains of (1 leads to 3)-linked beta-D-glucosyl residues, some of which are attached by (1 leads to 6)-linkages to the main chain. Immobilization of this glycoprotein was achieved by covalent attachment to Sepharose, and the product was used to isolate a number of (1 leads to 3)-beta-D-glucan hydrolases from Helix pomatia, malted barley, and Basidiomycete QM806. The second glycoprotein, a mannan-protein complex, after immobilization, has been used in the purification of an alpha-D-mannosidase from jack-bean meal.
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60
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Vrsanská M, Krátký Z, Biely P. Lysis of intact yeast cells and isolated cell walls by an inducible enzyme system of Arthrobacter GJM-1. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR ALLGEMEINE MIKROBIOLOGIE 1977; 17:391-402. [PMID: 22164 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.3630170509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bacterium Arthrobacter GJM-1 known in the literature as a good producer of alpha-mannanase was found to accumulate in the culture fluid lytic activities against viable yeast cells during growth on isolated cell walls or beta-glucan fractions of yeast. The accumulation of the lytic activities showed an inducible character. The lytic system produced in the medium containing baker's yeast cell walls was capable of complete solubiliaztion of cell wals in vitro. The system lysed viable cells of a number of yeast species and induced their conversion to protoplasts in an osmotically stabilized medium. The lytic system showed different pH and temperature optima when viable cells or isolated cell walls were used as substrates. The pH optimum of the lysis of isolated cell walls was identical with pH optimum of beta-glucanase activities in the crude system. The results pointed out that in the lysis of intact cells, in addition to beta-glucanases, some other factor is involved. Substantial differences in the nature of the outer and the inner surface of cell walls of Saccharomuces cerevisiae were confirmed in this paper based on the different susceptibility to lysis of the cell walls in vivo and in vitro.
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61
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Vrsanská M, Biely P, Krátký Z. Enzymes of the yeast lytic system produced by Arthrobacter GJM-1 bacterium and their role in the lysis of yeast cell walls. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR ALLGEMEINE MIKROBIOLOGIE 1977; 17:465-80. [PMID: 337691 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.3630170608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Yeast lytic system produced by Arthrobacter GJM-1 bacterium during growth on baker's yeast cell walls contains a complete set of enzymes which can hydrolyze all structural components of cell walls of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Chromatographic fractionation of the lytic system showed the presence of two types of endo-beta-1,3-glucanase. Rapid lysis of isolated cell walls of yeast was induced only by endo-beta-1,3-glucanase exhibiting high affinity to insoluble beta-1,3-glucans and releasing laminaripentaose as the main product of hydrolysis of beta-1,3-glucans. This enzyme was able to lyse intact cells of S. cerevisiae only in the presence of an additional factor present in the Arthrobacter GJM-1 lytic system, which was identified as an alkaline protease. This enzyme possesses the lowest molecular weight among other identified enzyme components present in the lytic system. Its role in the solubilization of yeast cell walls from the outer surface by endo-beta-1,3-glucanase could be substituted by preincubation of cells with Pronase or by allowing the glucanase to act on cells in the presence of thiol reagents. The mechanism of lysis of intact cells and isolated cell walls by the enzymes of Arthrobacter GJM-1 is discussed in the light of the present conception of yeast cell wall structure.
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62
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Sarkar S. Cell antigens recognized by rabbit antibodies specific for oligomannosyl determinants. JOURNAL OF SUPRAMOLECULAR STRUCTURE 1977; 6:617-32. [PMID: 73630 DOI: 10.1002/jss.400060414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Rabbit antibodies to cell wall mannans of various microbial strains and their mutants were found to be cross-reactive to cell carbohydrates of mammalian sperm and 4-6-days-old blastocysts. Immunochemical studies indicate that oligomers of alpha1 yields to 2, alpha1 yields to 3, alpha1 yields to 6, and probably also alpha yields to 4 linked mannose residues of sperm carbohydrates are available for antibody binding. At least 80 percent of binding activity of a yeast mannan antibody to sperm can be effectively inhibited by specific haptens or digestion with exo-alpha-D-mannosidase, an enzyme activity highest in testicular tissue. In order to determine the role of this enzyme in the metabolism of the cross-reactive mannan antigens of sperm, the relative amount of a specific alpha-linked oligomannosyl determinant of bovine sperm from homozygous normals was compared to that of hetero-zygous carriers of alpha-mannosidase deficiency. Extensive cross-reactivity between the microbial and mammalian oligomannosyl determinants suggest that these are conserved structures in cell carbohydrates, although the organization of these units in the microbial cell wall lipopolysaccharide has very little similarity to the carbohydrate moieties of mammalian glycoproteins.
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63
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Zouchová Z, Kocourek J, Musílek V. alpha-Mannosidase and mannanase of some wood-rotting fungi. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 1977; 22:61-5. [PMID: 838410 DOI: 10.1007/bf02876996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cultivation media from 11 wood-rotting fungi contained alpha-mannosidase and mannanase activity, alpha-Mannosidase was studied in more detail in Phellinus abietis and mannanase was studied more intimately in basidiomycetes Phellinus abietis, Trametes sanguinea and Pholiota aurivella. Suitable cultivation conditions and optimum conditions for the production of alpha-mannosidase and mannanase were determined. Both enzymes are constitutive; mannanase is extracellular, alpha-mannosidase was found in both mycelium and cultivation medium.
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64
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65
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Nakajima T, Maitra SK, Ballou CE. An endo-alpha1 leads to 6-D-mannanase from a soil bacterium. Purification, properties, and mode of action. J Biol Chem 1976. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)33942-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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66
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Boer P, Van Rijn HJ, Reinking A, Seryn-Parvé EP. Biosynthesis of acid phosphatase of baker's yeast. Characterization of a protoplast-bound fraction containing precursors of the exo-enzyme. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1975; 377:331-42. [PMID: 235303 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2744(75)90314-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
1. Yeast protoplasts, secreting acid phosphatase (orthophosphoric-monoester phosphohydrolase (acid optimum) EC 3.1.3.2) contain a small amount of firmly bound enzyme, even after lysis (Van Rijn, H.J.M., Boer, P. and Steyn-Parvé, E.P. (1972) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 268, 431-441). The major part (70%) of this protoplast-bound acid phosphatase can be solubilized by nonionic detergents, such as Triton X-100. 2. The kinetics of radioactive amino acid incorporation in the solubilized and in the secreted enzyme has been estimated by pulse-chase labelling of secreting protoplasts, followed by fractionation and counting radioactivity in the enzyme band in polyacrylamide gels after electrophoresis at pH 5.0. A precursor-product relationship between the Triton X-100-extractable fraction of the protoplast-bound acid phosphatase and the secreted enzyme is apparent. 3. The solubilized acid phosphatase is essentially indistinguishable from the secreted enzyme with regard to a number of enzymatic properties and its stability towards pH and temperature. Both enzymes also behave alike on polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis, producing a single acid phosphatase band with glycoprotein character and comparable mobility. 4. A striking difference is seen in isopycnic equilibrium sedimentation in CsCl: the secreted acid phosphatase is homogeneous, with a buoyant density of p equals 1.47 g/cm3, while the Triton X-100-extractable part of the protoplast-bound acid phosphatase is heterogeneous; besides heavier material a major component with buoyant density of p equals 1.37 g/cm3 is always visible.
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67
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Nakajima T, Ballou CE. Structure of the Linkage Region between the Polysaccharide and Protein Parts of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Mannan. J Biol Chem 1974. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)81291-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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68
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Lipke PN, Raschke WC, Ballou CE. Characterization of a yeast D-mannan with an alpha-D-glucosyl phosphate residue as an important immunochemical determinant. Carbohydr Res 1974; 37:23-35. [PMID: 4138972 DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(00)87062-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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69
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De Prijcker J, Vervoort A, De Bruyne C. Purification and properties of alpha-D-mannosidase from Medicago sativa L. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1974; 47:561-6. [PMID: 4215656 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1974.tb03726.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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70
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71
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San Blas G, Cunningham WL. Structure of cell wall and exocellular mannans from the yeast Hansenula holstii. I. Mannans produced in phosphate-containing medium. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1974; 354:233-46. [PMID: 4366964 DOI: 10.1016/0304-4165(74)90009-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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72
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Biely P, Krátký Z, Bauer S. Metabolism of 2-deoxy-D-glucose by baker's yeast. VI. A study on cell wall mannan. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1974; 352:268-74. [PMID: 4601200 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2736(74)90218-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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73
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74
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Necas O, Svoboda A. Effect of proteases, phospholipases and polysaccharide-splitting enzymes on plasma membrane particles and on the synthesis of the fibrillar cell wall component in yeast protoplasts. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 1974; 19:81-7. [PMID: 4611878 DOI: 10.1007/bf02872839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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75
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Smith WL, Ballou CE. Immunochemical characterization of the mannan component of the external invertase (beta-fructofuranosidase) of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biochemistry 1974; 13:355-61. [PMID: 4589309 DOI: 10.1021/bi00699a021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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76
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Marshall JJ. Application of enzymic methods to the structural analysis of polysaccharides: part I. Adv Carbohydr Chem Biochem 1974; 30:257-370. [PMID: 4620244 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2318(08)60267-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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77
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78
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79
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Bretthauer RK, Kaczorowski GJ, Weise MJ. Characterization of a phosphorylated pentasaccharide isolated from Hansenula holstii NRRL Y-2448 phosphomannan. Biochemistry 1973; 12:1251-6. [PMID: 4572357 DOI: 10.1021/bi00731a002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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80
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81
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Snaith SM, Levvy GA. α–d– Mannosidase. Adv Carbohydr Chem Biochem 1973. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2318(08)60386-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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82
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Beran K, Holan Z, Baldrián J. The chitin-glucan complex in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. I. IR and x-ray observations. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 1972; 17:322-30. [PMID: 4562209 DOI: 10.1007/bf02884098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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83
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84
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Tkacz JS, Lampen JO, Schuerch C. Stereoregularity of chemically synthesized (1 to 6)- -D-mannopyranan as revealed by enzymic degradation with Arthrobacter -D-mannanase. Carbohydr Res 1972; 21:465-72. [PMID: 5050612 DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(00)84930-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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85
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86
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Biely P, Krátký Z, Bauer S. Metabolism of 2-deoxy-D glucose by Baker's yeast. IV. Incorporation of 2-deoxy-D-glucose into cell wall mannan. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1972; 255:631-9. [PMID: 4550701 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2736(72)90166-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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87
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88
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Bowden JK, Hodgson B. Evidence against the presence of fibres or chemically distinct layers in the cell wall of Saccharomyces. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 1970; 36:81-108. [PMID: 4192801 DOI: 10.1007/bf02069011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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89
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90
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Sunayama H, Suzuki S. Studies on the antigenic activities of yeasts. V. Effect of alpha-mannosidase digestion on the immunochemical properties of the mannan of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. JAPANESE JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY 1970; 14:197-207. [PMID: 4194658 DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.1970.tb00510.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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91
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Inamine E, Demain AL. Location and action of Streptomyces griseus alpha-D-mannosidase, an antibiotic-transforming enzyme. Biotechnol Bioeng 1970; 12:159-66. [PMID: 4990331 DOI: 10.1002/bit.260120203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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92
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93
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Gorin P, Spencer J. Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy–An Aid in Identification and Chemotaxonomy of Yeasts. ADVANCES IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 1970. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2164(08)70400-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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94
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Enzymic degradation of yeast cell-wall mannans and Galactomannans to polymeric fragments containing α-(1→6)-linked D-mannopyranose residues. Carbohydr Res 1969. [DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(00)80581-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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95
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