51
|
Hackenbrock CR, Chazotte B, Gupte SS. The random collision model and a critical assessment of diffusion and collision in mitochondrial electron transport. J Bioenerg Biomembr 1986; 18:331-68. [PMID: 3021714 DOI: 10.1007/bf00743010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 307] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
This review focuses on our studies over the past ten years which reveal that the mitochondrial inner membrane is a fluid-state rather than a solid-state membrane and that all membrane proteins and redox components which catalyze electron transport and ATP synthesis are in constant and independent diffusional motion. The studies reviewed represent the experimental basis for the random collision model of electron transport. We present five fundamental postulates upon which the random collision model of mitochondrial electron transport is founded: All redox components are independent lateral diffusants; Cytochrome c diffuses primarily in three dimensions; Electron transport is a diffusion-coupled kinetic process; Electron transport is a multicollisional, obstructed, long-range diffusional process; The rates of diffusion of the redox components have a direct influence on the overall kinetic process of electron transport and can be rate limiting, as in diffusion control. The experimental rationales and the results obtained in testing each of the five postulates of the random collision model are presented. In addition, we offer the basic concepts, criteria and experimental strategies that we believe are essential in considering the significance of the relationship between diffusion and electron transport. Finally, we critically explore and assess other contemporary studies on the diffusion of inner membrane components related to electron transport including studies on: rotational diffusion, immobile fractions, complex formation, dynamic aggregates, and rates of diffusion. Review of all available data confirms the random collision model and no data appear to exist that contravene it. It is concluded that mitochondrial electron transport is a diffusion-based random collision process and that diffusion has an integral and controlling affect on electron transport.
Collapse
|
52
|
Abstract
Strong evidence for a random collisional mechanism for ubiquinone-mediated electron transfer is provided by the characteristic kinetic properties of respiratory chains originally explored by Kröger, A., and Klingenberg, M. (1973), Eur. J. Biochem. 34, 313-323. A kinetic model which leads to this so-called "simple Q-pool behavior" has been described and we use this in reviewing evidence that electron transfer is diffusion-controlled as well as diffusion-coupled. We also consider mechanisms by which the kinetics of electron transfer might deviate from simple Q-pool behavior and how these might be implicated in the regulation of electron transport.
Collapse
|
53
|
Electron Transfer Effects and the Mechanism of the Membrane Potential. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 1986. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4613-1791-3_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
|
54
|
|
55
|
Seren S, Casadio R, Sorgato M. Fusion of bacteriorhodopsin with submitochondrial particles yields a new system with retention of energy coupling and acquisition of photophosphorylation activity. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(85)90223-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
56
|
Sowers AE, Hackenbrock CR. Variation in protein lateral diffusion coefficients is related to variation in protein concentration found in mitochondrial inner membranes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1985; 821:85-90. [PMID: 4063365 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2736(85)90157-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The electrophoretic freeze-fracture electron microscopy method (Sowers, A.E. and Hackenbrock, C.R. (1984) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 78, 6246-6250) for measuring the lateral diffusion coefficient of integral proteins was applied to a large population of spherical-shaped mitochondrial inner membranes. Membrane integral protein concentration was estimated by determining the intramembrane particle concentration. Analysis of the data reveals that: (a) the radii of the spherical inner membranes in the selected population ranged from 0.22 to 1.2 micron, (b) the intramembrane particle concentrations ranged from 2300 to 6400 per micron2, and (c) the calculated lateral diffusion coefficients of the intramembrane particles ranged from 1.3 X 10(-10) to 3.35 X 10(-9) cm2/s. The data clearly show a naturally occurring large range in protein concentration in the mitochondrial inner membrane and an inverse correlation of lateral diffusion coefficient with the membrane protein concentration. This study is the first to show that the lateral diffusion coefficient of integral proteins in a native membrane varies as the membrane protein concentration.
Collapse
|
57
|
Driessen AJ, Hoekstra D, Scherphof G, Kalicharan RD, Wilschut J. Low pH-induced fusion of liposomes with membrane vesicles derived from Bacillus subtilis. J Biol Chem 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)85164-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
|
58
|
Chazotte B, Wu ES, Höchli M, Hackenbrock CR. Calcium-mediated fusion to produce ultra large osmotically active mitochondrial inner membranes of controlled protein density. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1985; 818:87-95. [PMID: 4016116 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2736(85)90142-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a new membrane fusion method which produces ultra large, spherical mitochondrial inner membranes attached to microscope slides. The fused inner membranes measured up to 200 microns in diameter. The technique fuses native inner membranes as well as inner membranes in which the protein density has been varied by enriching with exogenous phospholipid. The fusion process is accomplished through the use of calcium, low pH and elevated temperature. Characterization of the fused membranes was carried out using phase, fluorescence, and freeze-fracture electron microscopy. These ultra large, fused inner membranes were found to model the inner membranes from which they were formed. The fused inner membranes were found to be osmotically active and are large enough for measuring the lateral diffusion of membrane components by fluorescence recovery after photobleaching and are large enough for microelectrode impalement.
Collapse
|
59
|
|
60
|
Takemoto JY, Schonhardt T, Golecki JR, Drews G. Fusion of liposomes and chromatophores of Rhodopseudomonas capsulata: effect on photosynthetic energy transfer between B875 and reaction center complexes. J Bacteriol 1985; 162:1126-34. [PMID: 3997775 PMCID: PMC215893 DOI: 10.1128/jb.162.3.1126-1134.1985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The photosynthetic chromatophore membranes of Rhodopseudomonas capsulata were fused with liposomes to investigate the effects of lipid dilution on energy transfer between the bacteriochlorophyll-protein complexes of this membrane. Phosphatidylcholine-containing liposomes were mixed with chromatophores at pH 6.0 to 6.2, and the mixture was fractionated on discontinuous sucrose gradients into four membrane fractions with lipid-to-protein ratios that varied 11-fold. Freeze-fracture electron microscopy revealed that the fractions contained closed vesicles formed by the fusion of liposomes to chromatophores. Particles with 9-nm diameters on the P fracture faces did not appear to change in size with increasing lipid content, but the number of particles per membrane area decreased proportionally with increases in the lipid-to-protein ratio. The bacteriochlorophyll-to-protein ratios, electrophoretic polypeptide profiles on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels, and light-induced absorbance changes at 595 nm caused by photosynthetic reaction centers were not altered by fusion. The relative fluorescence emission intensities due to the B875 light-harvesting complex increased significantly with increasing lipid content, but no increases in fluorescence due to the B800-B850 light-harvesting complex were observed. Electron transport rates, measured as succinate-cytochrome c reductase activities, decreased with increased lipid content. The results indicate an uncoupling of energy transfer between the B875 light-harvesting and reaction center complexes with lipid dilution of the chromatophore membrane.
Collapse
|
61
|
Driessen AJ, Hellingwerf KJ, Konings WN. Light-induced generation of a protonmotive force and Ca2+-transport in membrane vesicles of Streptococcus cremoris fused with bacteriorhodopsin proteoliposomes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(85)90021-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
62
|
Ragan CI, Cottingham IR. The kinetics of quinone pools in electron transport. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1985; 811:13-31. [PMID: 3986195 DOI: 10.1016/0304-4173(85)90003-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
63
|
Pennoyer JD, Kramer HJ, van Grondelle R, Westerhuis WH, Amesz J, Niederman RA. Excitation energy transfer in Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides chromatophore membranes fused with liposomes. FEBS Lett 1985; 182:145-50. [PMID: 3871709 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(85)81172-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The role of phospholipid in the structural organization of the light-harvesting complexes of Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides was examined in photosynthetic (chromatophore) membrane vesicles fused with liposomes. Photochemically active preparations with progressive phospholipid enrichment up to greater than 15-fold were obtained by both polyethylene glycol- and acidic-pH-induced fusion. Their fluorescence emission at approximately 300 and 77 K was increased by 2-3.5-fold from the peripheral B800-850 antenna relative to that from the core B875 antenna. Up to 30-40% reduction in the efficiency of excitation energy transfer between B850 and B875 was also observed at 77 K suggesting a selective, phospholipid-induced dissociation of a portion of the B800-850 from the rest of the light-harvesting system.
Collapse
|
64
|
Etemadi AH. Functional and orientational features of protein molecules in reconstituted lipid membranes. ADVANCES IN LIPID RESEARCH 1985; 21:281-428. [PMID: 3161297 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-024921-3.50014-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
|
65
|
|
66
|
Phospholipid-enriched bacterial chromatophores. A system suited to investigate the ubiquinone-mediated interactions of protein complexes in photosynthetic oxidoreduction processes. J Biol Chem 1984. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)47277-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
|
67
|
Marcolis LB. Cell interaction with model membranes probing, modification and simulation of cell surface functions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1984. [DOI: 10.1016/0304-4157(84)90007-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
68
|
Rich PR. Electron and proton transfers through quinones and cytochrome bc complexes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1984; 768:53-79. [PMID: 6322844 DOI: 10.1016/0304-4173(84)90007-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 266] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
|
69
|
Stoner CD. Steady-state kinetics of the overall oxidative phosphorylation reaction in heart mitochondria. Determination of the coupling relationships between the respiratory reactions and miscellaneous observations concerning rate-limiting steps. J Bioenerg Biomembr 1984; 16:115-41. [PMID: 6100296 DOI: 10.1007/bf00743044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The linear sequence of steps involved in the oxidation of extramitochondrial succinate by O2 in bovine heart mitochondria was examined by a steady-state kinetic method to determine whether or not freely diffusible intermediates occur between the various inhibitor-sensitive steps. The kinetic method is based on the facts (1) that if two inhibitor-sensitive steps within a sequence are linked by a freely diffusible intermediate, inhibition of one will make the other less rate limiting in the overall reaction and thus will increase the amount of inhibitor of the other step required for half-maximal inhibition of the overall reaction, and (2) that if the two steps are not linked in this manner, inhibition of one will make the other more rate limiting and thus will decrease the amount of inhibitor of the other required for half-maximal inhibition. These two types of "coupling relationships" between steps were designated as "sequential" and "fixed," respectively. The results indicate the existence of freely diffusible intermediates (sequential coupling relationships) between the succinate transport and succinate dehydrogenase reactions, between the succinate dehydrogenase and cytochrome bc1 reactions, and between the cytochromes bc1 and aa3 reactions. Uncoupling respiration from phosphorylation results in the coupling relationship between the bc1 and aa3 reactions becoming partially fixed. This change is accompanied by marked decreases in the degrees to which the bc1 and aa3 reactions limit the overall reaction and appears to account for the large uncoupler-induced releases of inhibition at the levels of the bc1 and aa3 reactions observed previously by others. It is suggested that cytochrome c is the freely diffusible intermediate between the bc1 and aa3 reactions and that the uncoupler-induced changes occur as a result of formation of functional and highly efficient supercomplexes between cytochrome c and the cytochromes bc1 and aa3 complexes.
Collapse
|
70
|
Müller M, Krebs JJ, Cherry RJ, Kawato S. Rotational diffusion of the ADP/ATP translocator in the inner membrane of mitochondria and in proteoliposomes. J Biol Chem 1984. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)43255-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
|
71
|
Barbero MC, Valpuesta JM, Rial E, Gurtubay JI, Goñi FM, Macarulla JM. Effect of the nonionic detergent Triton X-100 on mitochondrial succinate-oxidizing enzymes. Arch Biochem Biophys 1984; 228:560-8. [PMID: 6320742 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(84)90023-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Specific activities of succinate:coenzyme Q reductase, ubiquinone:cytochrome c reductase, cytochrome oxidase, succinate:cytochrome c reductase, succinate oxidase, and ubiquinol oxidase have been measured in rat liver mitochondria in the presence of Triton X-100. The last three activities are much more sensitive to Triton X-100 than the first ones; the data suggest that the electron transport chain components cannot react with each other in the presence of the detergent. At least in the case of succinate:cytochrome c reductase, reconstitution of the detergent-treated membranes with externally added phospholipids reverses the inhibition produced by Triton X-100. These results support the idea that the respiratory chain components diffuse at random in the plane of the inner mitochondrial membrane; the main effect of the detergent would be to impair lateral diffusion by decreasing the area of lipid bilayer. When detergent-treated mitochondrial suspensions are centrifuged in order to separate the solubilized from the particulate material, only the first three enzyme activities mentioned above are found in the supernatants. After centrifugation, a latent ubiquinol:cytochrome c oxidase activity becomes apparent, whereas the same centrifugation process produces inhibition of cytochrome c oxidase in the presence of certain Triton X-100 concentrations. These effects could be due either to a selective solubilization of regulatory or catalytic subunits or to a conformational change of the enzyme-detergent complex.
Collapse
|
72
|
DIXIT BSUDHAN, VANDERKOOI JANEM. Probing Structure and Motion of the Mitochondrial Cytochromes. CURRENT TOPICS IN BIOENERGETICS 1984. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-152513-2.50011-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
73
|
McCloskey M, Poo MM. Protein diffusion in cell membranes: some biological implications. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CYTOLOGY 1984; 87:19-81. [PMID: 6325362 DOI: 10.1016/s0074-7696(08)62439-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
|
74
|
Benga G, Holmes RP. Interactions between components in biological membranes and their implications for membrane function. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 1984; 43:195-257. [PMID: 6087406 DOI: 10.1016/0079-6107(84)90014-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
|
75
|
Demant EJ. NADH oxidation in submitochondrial particles protects respiratory chain activity against damage by adriamycin-Fe3+. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1983; 137:113-8. [PMID: 6317378 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1983.tb07803.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative decomposition of polyunsaturated fatty acid moieties of membrane lipid in pig heart submitochondrial particles, as initiated by ferric ion complexes of the antineoplastic drug adriamycin and concomitant inactivation of oxidase activities, is counteracted by EDTA, low oxygen pressure, a phenolic antioxidant and NADH oxidation through the respiratory chain but not by scavengers of reactive oxygen species. Protection by NADH is strengthened by removal of cytochrome c from the submitochondrial particles and by antimycin A but abolished by rotenone. Inhibition of cytochrome c oxidase activity by the adriamycin-Fe3+ complex is reversible and activity is recovered upon cholate solubilization of the particles. ADP inhibits binding of the complex to the submitochondrial particles and protects both cytochrome c oxidase activity and membrane lipid. The results are discussed in relation to the possible role of mitochondrial function in protection against free-radical-mediated effects of adriamycin.
Collapse
|
76
|
Lüdi H, Hasselbach W. Excimer formation of ATPase from sarcoplasmic reticulum labeled with N-(3-pyrene)maleinimide. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1983; 130:5-8. [PMID: 6218989 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1983.tb07108.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Sarcoplasmic reticulum ATPase from fast skeletal muscle was labeled in native vesicles with N-(3-pyrene)maleinimide. At labeling ratios larger than 1 mol pyrenemaleinimide/2.5 mol ATPase significant amounts of excimers are detected. Excimer concentration decreases at low, non-solubilizing amounts of detergents (0.2 mg X mg protein-1) and completely disappears after solubilization of the membranes. These results exclude that excimers are formed due to 'double-labeling' of one ATPase molecule. It is concluded that the ATPase exists as an oligomer within the membrane of native vesicles.
Collapse
|
77
|
De Jonge PC, Wieringa T, Van Putten JP, Krans HM, Van Dam K. Phloretin - an uncoupler and an inhibitor of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1983; 722:219-25. [PMID: 6130789 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(83)90177-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The effect of phloretin on respiration by isolated mitochondria and submitochondrial particles was studied. In submitochondrial particles, both NADH- and succinate-dependent respiration was inhibited by phloretin. 50% maximum inhibition was reached at phloretin concentrations of 0.1 mM (NADH oxidation) and 0.7 mM (succinate oxidation). In isolated mitochondria, phloretin inhibited glutamate oxidation in both State 3 and State 4; 50% maximum inhibition occurred at about 30 microM. Succinate oxidation is inhibited in State 3 by phloretin, inhibition being half its maximum value at 0.5 mM, but in State 4 it is stimulated about 2-fold by phloretin at a concentration of 0.6 mM. Ascorbate oxidation is stimulated in both State 3 and State 4, maximum stimulation being equal to that obtained with an uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation. Under all circumstances, phloretin lowered the transmembrane electrical potential difference in isolated mitochondria. These results are discussed in terms of mosaic non-equilibrium thermodynamics. We conclude that phloretin is both an uncoupler and an inhibitor of oxidative phosphorylation.
Collapse
|
78
|
McMurchie EJ, Gibson RA, Abeywardena MY, Charnock JS. Dietary lipid modulation of rat liver mitochondrial succinate: cytochrome c reductase. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1983; 727:163-9. [PMID: 6297571 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2736(83)90380-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Diets supplemented with high levels of either saturated fatty acids or unsaturated fatty acids were fed to adult rats for a period of 9 weeks and changes in the liver mitochondrial membrane phospholipid fatty acid composition and thermal behaviour of succinate: cytochrome c reductase were determined. The dietary treatment induced a change in the omega 6 to omega 3 unsaturated fatty acid ratio in the membrane lipids, with the ratio being highest with the unsaturated fatty acid and lowest with the saturated fatty acid diet. Arrhenius plots of succinate: cytochrome c reductase activity exhibited differences in both critical temperature (Tf) and Arrhenius activation energy (Ea) depending on the type of dietary treatment. The Tf was elevated from 23 degrees C in control to 32 degrees C in the saturated fatty acid-supplemented group. No significant effect on the Tf was observed in the unsaturated fatty acid-supplemented group however higher Ea values were observed due to the unsaturated fatty acid diet. The changes in succinate: cytochrome c reductase are probably due to changes in the lipid-protein interactions in the membrane, induced by the dietary lipid supplementation.
Collapse
|
79
|
Mar T, Picorel R, Gingras G. Photosynthetic unit size and electron-transport chain in a photoreaction center-depleted mutant of Rhodospirillum rubrum. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1982. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(82)90049-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
80
|
A review of some present molecular and submolecular physical concepts in biology. J Biol Phys 1982. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01991940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
|
81
|
Capaldi RA. Arrangement of proteins in the mitochondrial inner membrane. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1982; 694:291-306. [PMID: 6295486 DOI: 10.1016/0304-4157(82)90009-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
|
82
|
Eytan GD. Use of liposomes for reconstitution of biological functions. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1982; 694:185-202. [PMID: 6753932 DOI: 10.1016/0304-4157(82)90024-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
|
83
|
Lateral diffusion of ubiquinone during electron transfer in phospholipid- and ubiquinone-enriched mitochondrial membranes. J Biol Chem 1982. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)33893-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
|
84
|
Dixit BP, Waring AJ, Wells KO, Wong PS, Woodrow GV, Vanderkooi JM. Rotational motion of cytochrome c derivatives bound to membranes measured by fluorescence and phosphorescence anisotropy. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1982; 126:1-9. [PMID: 6290209 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1982.tb06737.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Molecular motion of metal-free and metal-substituted cytochrome c derivatives was examined using the anisotropy of emissions from the singlet and the triplet states. The anisotropy of fluorescence provides a means to study the motion of cytochrome c in the nanosecond time scale, since the fluorescence lifetime of metal-free cytochrome c is around 10 ns. We find that the anisotropy of fluorescence of metal-free cytochrome c when bound to mitochondria does not decay, but when bound to phospholipids has a small component which decays independently of the rotation of the whole molecule. The use of phosphorescence extends the time scale for study into the millisecond regime, since the lifetime of the excited triplet state of zinc cytochrome c, as measured by triplet-triplet absorption and phosphorescence emission is approximately equal to 9 ms for free zinc cytochrome c and 7 ms for mitochondrial membrane-bound zinc cytochrome c at room temperature. The decay of anisotropy of phosphorescence emission of mitochondrial membrane-bound zinc cytochrome c is clearly biphasic; the fast component corresponds to a rotational relaxation time of 300 mus and the slow component with relaxation time of approximately equal to 6 ms. The slow component appears to be due to the rotation of the entire mitochondrion, whereas the fast component was interpreted to be due to the rotation of cytochrome c in a cone about a single axis perpendicular to the plane of the membrane surface.
Collapse
|
85
|
|
86
|
Malczewski RM, Whitfield CD. Respiration-defective Chinese hamster cell mutants containing low levels of NADH-ubiquinone reductase and cytochrome c oxidase. J Biol Chem 1982. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)34307-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
|
87
|
Kawato S, Lehner C, Müller M, Cherry RJ. Protein-protein interactions of cytochrome oxidase in inner mitochondrial membranes. The effect of liposome fusion on protein rotational mobility. J Biol Chem 1982. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(20)65165-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
|
88
|
De Santis A, Bertoli E, Di Gioia A, Melandri BA, Baccarini Melandri A. The reconstitution of oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria isolated from a ubiquinone-deficient mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Bioenerg Biomembr 1982; 14:159-69. [PMID: 7047520 DOI: 10.1007/bf00745017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria, isolated from the ubiquinone-deficient nuclear mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae E3-24, are practically unable to oxidize exogenous substrates. Respiratory activity, coupled to ATP synthesis, can, however, be reconstituted by the simple addition of ethanolic solutions of ubiquinones. A minimal length of the isoprenoid side chain (greater than or equal to 3) was required for the restoration. Saturation of the reconstitution required a large amount of exogeneous ubiquinone, in excess over the normal content present in the mitochondria of the wild type strain. A similar pattern of reconstituted activities could be also obtained using sonicated inverted particles. Mitochondria and sonicated particles are also able to carry out a dye-mediated electron flow coupled to ATP synthesis in the absence of added ubiquinone, using ascorbate or succinate as electron donor. This demonstrates that the energy conserving mechanism at the third coupling site of the respiratory chain is fully independent of the presence of the large mobile pool of ubiquinone in the membrane.
Collapse
|
89
|
Zhu QS, Berden JA, De Vries S, Slater EC. On the role of ubiquinone in the respiratory chain. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1982; 680:69-79. [PMID: 7074101 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(82)90317-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
(1) The V1 (substrate-Q oxidoreductase activity) and V2 (QH2 oxidase activity) for the oxidation of substrates by submitochondrial particles have been measured by using heptylhydroxyquinoline N-oxide (HQNO) as inhibitor of V2. (2) Partial destruction of the Rieske Fe-S cluster by treatment with Bal (2,3-dimercaptopropanol) + O2 has the same effect on the QH2 oxidase activity as partial saturation of the antimycin-binding site with HQNO. (3) The extent of the rapid reduction of cytochrome b in the presence of excess antimycin is proportional to the percentage of intact Rieske Fe-S cluster. (4) The measured rate of oxidation of endogenous ubiquinol (V2) by submitochondrial particles is dependent on the substrate used to reduce ubiquinone, especially at low levels of ubiquinone. (5) Pool-function kinetics in the oxidation of substrate, found both in the presence and absence of free ubiquinone, are due both to the pool of free ubiquinone and to direct collision between Q-loaded Q-reducing and -oxidizing enzymes. At infinite Q content only the former mechanism is operative; at low Q content only the latter. (6) Duroquinone can be reduced directly by NADH dehydrogenase without mediation of ubiquinone, but duroquinol cannot be oxidized in the absence of ubiquinone. On the other hand, the reduction of cytochrome b by duroquinol does not require the presence of ubiquinone. (7) It is suggested that the need for ubiquinone for the oxidation of duroquinol is due to the requirement of ubisemiquinone for the oxidation of cytochrome b, duroquinol not being able to form a stabilized semiquinone.
Collapse
|
90
|
Møller IM, Schwitzguébel JP, Palmer JM. Binding and screening by cations and the effect on exogenous NAD(P)H oxidation in Neurospora crassa mitochondria. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1982; 123:81-8. [PMID: 6461553 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1982.tb06501.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
1. The uncoupled oxidation of exogenous NADH by mitochondria from Neurospora crassa has a pH optimum at 7.0. In the presence of EDTA (1 mM) the optimum is at pH 6.5; maximal inhibition (65%) occurs at pH 7.2. This is comparable to the results with higher plant mitochondria. 2. The corresponding pH optima for NADPH oxidation are 7.75 (control), 7.0 (+ EDTA) and 8.0 (effect of EDTA), respectively. NADPH oxidation is completely inhibited by EDTA at pH 8.0. These pH optima are all about 1 higher than observed in mitochondria from higher plants. 3. The inhibition of NADH oxidation by EDTA is shown to be due to the removal of Mg2+ bound to the mitochondrial membranes. 4. It is shown that 9-aminoacridine can be used to monitor the surface potential of the membranes of Neurospora mitochondria. 5. Cations stimulate NADH oxidation by Neurospora mitochondria in a manner consistent with the theory of the diffuse layer. Quantitatively, the results suggest that Neurospora mitochondria contain fewer charges per mass of protein than Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus) mitochondria but more than mitochondria from Arum maculatum spadices. 6. A good correlation is found between the effect of La3+ on the fluorescence of 9-aminoacridine in the presence of mitochondria and on the oxidation of NADH by the mitochondria. La3+ has different effects on mitochondria from Neurospora, Jerusalem artichoke tubers and Arum spadices. THe results indicate that the fluorescence of 9-aminoacridine can be used to monitor binding sites on biological membranes.
Collapse
|
91
|
Müller M, Krebs J, Cherry R, Kawato S. Selective labeling and rotational diffusion of the ADP/ATP translocator in the inner mitochondrial membrane. J Biol Chem 1982. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)68157-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
|
92
|
|
93
|
Alefounder PR, McCarthy JE, Ferguson SJ. The basis of the control of nitrate reduction by oxygen inParacoccus denitrificans. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1981. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1981.tb07666.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
|
94
|
Lemasters J, Billica W. Non-equilibrium thermodynamics of oxidative phosphorylation by inverted inner membrane vesicles of rat liver mitochondria. J Biol Chem 1981. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)42988-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
|
95
|
Hamster cell mutants unable to grow on galactose and exhibiting an overlapping complementation pattern are defective in the electron transport chain. J Biol Chem 1981. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)69040-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
|
96
|
Kawato S, Sigel E, Carafoli E, Cherry R. Rotation of cytochrome oxidase in phospholipid vesicles. Investigations of interactions between cytochrome oxidases and between cytochrome oxidase and cytochrome bc1 complex. J Biol Chem 1981. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)68993-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
|
97
|
Ulvik RJ, Romslo I. Reduction of exogenous FMN by isolated rat liver mitochondria. Significance to the mobilization of iron from ferritin. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1981; 635:457-69. [PMID: 7236674 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(81)90105-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
When FMN is added to rat liver mitochondria or mitoplasts it is reduced at a rate of approx. 0.2 nmol . min-1 . mg-1 protein. Sonicated mitochondria do not reduce exogenous FMN. The reduction depends on drainage of reducing equivalents from the respiratory chain at the level of ubiquinone. The net production of reduced FMN is detectable only at oxygen concentrations less than 4-5 muM. The mitochondrial ubiquinol-FMN oxidoreductase provides a mechanism for the coupling of FMN-reduction to the reductive mobilization of iron from ferritin. The results are discussed in relation to the role of ferritin as a donor of iron to the mitochondria.
Collapse
|
98
|
|
99
|
Nicholls P. Liposomes-as artificial organelles, topochemical matrices, and therapeutic carrier systems. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CYTOLOGY. SUPPLEMENT 1981; 12:327-88. [PMID: 7019121 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-364373-5.50018-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
|
100
|
Hackenbrock CR, Schneider H, Lemasters JJ, Höchli M. Relationships between bilayer lipid, motional freedom of oxidoreductase components, and electron transfer in the mitochondrial inner membrane. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 1980; 132:245-63. [PMID: 7424710 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4757-1419-7_26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The relationships between bilayer lipid, diffusional and conformational activities of oxidoreduction components, and electron transfer activity in the mitochondrial inner membrane are considered. Using a new, low pH method to fuse liposome phospholipid (asolectin) with the isolated mitochondrial inner membrane, the membrane bilayer is enriched up to 700% with exogenous phospholipid. During such enrichment, ultrastructural analysis reveals that integral proteins diffuse freely and randomly into the expanding bilayer. Kinetic analysis reveals that a diffusion limited step occurs between succinate- and NADH dehydrogenase and cytochromes bc1, and that the dehydrogenases, ubiquinone, and cytochromes bc1 are free to diffuse independently of one another in the membrane plane. Whether cytochromes bc1 and cytochrome c oxidase codiffuse in the membrane plane, or diffuse independently of one another remains unclear. The specific activities of succinate- and NADH-dehydrogenase as well as cytochrome c oxidase are affected by bilayer enrichment. This most likely occurs through the direct modulation by the newly incorporated phospholipid on conformational activity required in the oxidoreductases for electron transfer.
Collapse
|