51
|
Ahmad N, Alam MA, Ahmad FJ, Sarafroz M, Ansari K, Sharma S, Amir M. Ultrasonication techniques used for the preparation of novel Eugenol-Nanoemulsion in the treatment of wounds healings and anti-inflammatory. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
52
|
In situ detecting changes in membrane lipid phenotypes of macrophages cultured in different cancer microenvironments using mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1026:101-108. [PMID: 29852985 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages, the important cells of immune system, have exhibited distinct gene phenotypes with diverse functions in different microenvironments. In the present study, macrophages RAW264.7 (M0 macrophages) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) plus interferon gamma (INF-γ)-treated M0 macrophages (M1 macrophages) were cultured in different lung cell-derived culture supernatants (CSs) as imitative tumor microenvironments. The lipids (mainly from cell membrane) of intact macrophages were in situ detected by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. Approximately 300 of small molecules were observed in negative ion mode. Partial least square-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) suggested that two types of the macrophages have different membrane lipid phenotypes. Changes in the levels of phosphatidylethanolamine PE(16:1/18:0), PE(18:1/18:0), PE(36:2), PE-Cer(d36:1), and PE(P-16:0/18:1) were closely associated with membrane phenotypes of macrophages. The heatmap also revealed that directional induction to classically activated macrophages (M1 macrophages) in vitro had greater impact on the membrane lipid phenotypes of macrophages than different lung cell-derived CSs. The results are consistent with the data obtained by biological technologies.
Collapse
|
53
|
Abuohashish HM, Khairy DA, Abdelsalam MM, Alsayyah A, Ahmed MM, Al-Rejaie SS. In-vivo assessment of the osteo-protective effects of eugenol in alveolar bone tissues. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 97:1303-1310. [PMID: 29156519 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.11.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen deficiency following menopausal provokes alveolar bone loss, remodeling and inflammation. Eugenol is a phenolic compound with wide dental applications and anti-inflammatory properties. In the present study, the potential protective role of eugenol against alveolar bone deformities was investigated in an ovariectomized (OVX) rodent model. Two doses of eugenol (2.5 and 5 mg/kg/d) were administered to OVX animals for 12 weeks. In Serum, markers of bone metabolism and pro-inflammatory cytokines were estimated using ELISA. Alveolar bone morphometry was analyzed using high-resolution micro-computed tomography (CT). Bone histological analysis (H&E stain) was also performed. Alveolar bone expression of osteoclastogenesis modulating factors, such as osteoprotegerin (OPG), receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-b ligand (RANKL) and inflammatory mediators, were measured using immunohistochemistry. Eugenol failed to correct elevated body weights and uterine atrophy in OVX rats. The significant elevation of bone metabolic markers and inflammatory cytokines in OVX animals were markedly improved by eugenol treatment, particularly the higher dose. Eugenol treatment considerably attenuated morphometric trabecular alterations of the alveolar bone and improved alveolar resorption and gingival infiltration. Alveolar bone of OVX animals showed augmented expression of RANKL, OPG and inflammatory cytokines, which were corrected by eugenol treatment. Alveolar bone loss and remodeling associated with estrogen insufficiency was ameliorated by eugenol owing to its anti-inflammatory properties, suggesting an extra dental impact for eugenol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hatem M Abuohashish
- Department of Biomedical Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Dina A Khairy
- Department of Biomedical Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha M Abdelsalam
- Department of Biomedical Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Alsayyah
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed M Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salim S Al-Rejaie
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
The analysis of aroma/flavor compounds in green tea using ice concentration linked with extractive stirrer. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1518:8-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.08.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
55
|
Beltrán-Villalobos KL, Déciga-Campos M, Aguilar-Mariscal H, González-Trujano ME, Martínez-Salazar MF, Ramírez-Cisneros MDLÁ, Rios MY, López-Muñoz FJ. Synergistic antinociceptive interaction of Syzygium aromaticum or Rosmarinus officinalis coadministered with ketorolac in rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 94:858-864. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.07.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 07/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
|
56
|
Pandey MK, Gupta SC, Nabavizadeh A, Aggarwal BB. Regulation of cell signaling pathways by dietary agents for cancer prevention and treatment. Semin Cancer Biol 2017; 46:158-181. [PMID: 28823533 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Although it is widely accepted that better food habits do play important role in cancer prevention and treatment, how dietary agents mediate their effects remains poorly understood. More than thousand different polyphenols have been identified from dietary plants. In this review, we discuss the underlying mechanism by which dietary agents can modulate a variety of cell-signaling pathways linked to cancer, including transcription factors, nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), activator protein-1 (AP-1), β-catenin/Wnt, peroxisome proliferator activator receptor- gamma (PPAR-γ), Sonic Hedgehog, and nuclear factor erythroid 2 (Nrf2); growth factors receptors (EGFR, VEGFR, IGF1-R); protein Kinases (Ras/Raf, mTOR, PI3K, Bcr-abl and AMPK); and pro-inflammatory mediators (TNF-α, interleukins, COX-2, 5-LOX). In addition, modulation of proteasome and epigenetic changes by the dietary agents also play a major role in their ability to control cancer. Both in vitro and animal based studies support the role of dietary agents in cancer. The efficacy of dietary agents by clinical trials has also been reported. Importantly, natural agents are already in clinical trials against different kinds of cancer. Overall both in vitro and in vivo studies performed with dietary agents strongly support their role in cancer prevention. Thus, the famous quote "Let food be thy medicine and medicine be thy food" made by Hippocrates 25 centuries ago still holds good.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manoj K Pandey
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ, USA.
| | - Subash C Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Ali Nabavizadeh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
57
|
Nikoui V, Ostadhadi S, Bakhtiarian A, Abbasi-Goujani E, Habibian-Dehkordi S, Rezaei-Roshan M, Foroohandeh M, Giorgi M. The anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effects of clove oil in healthy dogs after surgery. PHARMANUTRITION 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2017.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
58
|
Tsai TH, Huang WC, Lien TJ, Huang YH, Chang H, Yu CH, Tsai PJ. Clove extract and eugenol suppress inflammatory responses elicited by Propionibacterium acnes in vitro and in vivo. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2017.1320357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Hsien Tsai
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Cheng Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Tzu-Chi Hospital, The Buddhist Tzuchi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Jung Lien
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Han Huang
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang Chang
- Department of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Technology, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hsien Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Tzu-Chi Hospital, The Buddhist Tzuchi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Buddhist Tzu-Chi University College of Medicine, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Po-Jung Tsai
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Chemical composition of stinging nettle leaves obtained by different analytical approaches. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
|
60
|
Al Wafai R, El-Rabih W, Katerji M, Safi R, El Sabban M, El-Rifai O, Usta J. Chemosensitivity of MCF-7 cells to eugenol: release of cytochrome-c and lactate dehydrogenase. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43730. [PMID: 28272477 PMCID: PMC5341120 DOI: 10.1038/srep43730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytochemicals have been extensively researched for their potential anticancer effects. In previous study, direct exposure of rat liver mitochondria to eugenol main ingredient of clove, uncoupled mitochondria and increased F0F1ATPase activity. In the present study, we further investigated the effects of eugenol on MCF-7 cells in culture. Eugenol demonstrated: a dose-dependent decrease in viability (MTT assay), and proliferation (real time cell analysis) of MCF-7 cells, (EC50: 0.9 mM); an increase in reactive oxygen species; a decrease in ATP level and mitochondrial membrane potential (MitoPT JC-1 assay); and a release of cytochrome-c and lactate dehydrogenase (Cytotoxicity Detection Kit PLUS) into culture media at eugenol concentration >EC50. Pretreatment with the antioxidants Trolox and N-acetyl cysteine partially restored cell viability and decreased ROS, with Trolox being more potent. Expression levels of both anti- and pro-apoptotic markers (Bcl-2 and Bax, respectively) decreased with increasing eugenol concentration, with no variation in their relative ratios. Eugenol-treated MCF-7 cells overexpressing Bcl-2 exhibited results similar to those of MCF-7. Our findings indicate that eugenol toxicity is non-apoptotic Bcl-2 independent, affecting mitochondrial function and plasma membrane integrity with no effect on migration or invasion. We report here the chemo-sensitivity of MCF-7 cells to eugenol, a phytochemical with anticancer potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rana Al Wafai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Warde El-Rabih
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Meghri Katerji
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Remi Safi
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Marwan El Sabban
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Omar El-Rifai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Julnar Usta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
Khazraei-Moradian S, Ganjalikhani-Hakemi M, Andalib A, Yazdani R, Arasteh J, Kardar GA. The Effect of Licorice Protein Fractions on Proliferation and Apoptosis of Gastrointestinal Cancer Cell Lines. Nutr Cancer 2017; 69:330-339. [PMID: 28045565 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2017.1263347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several methods for the treatment of colon cancer have been introduced, but none of them are safe and effective. We planned to evaluate the inhibitory effect of protein extract of licorice root on HT-29 and CT26 cell lines proliferation and apoptosis. METHODS Protein extract of licorice root was prepared in phosphate-buffered solution, and SDS-PAGE was used to isolate its fractions. HT-29, CT-26, and HEK293 cell lines were treated with various concentrations of the fractions and full extract of licorice. Cytotoxicity of licorice at various concentrations was assessed using MTT assay. Flow cytometry analysis was applied to evaluate the apoptosis. RESULTS Our results demonstrated that the concentrations of 5 μg/mL from 25 to 33 kDa fraction and concentration of 8 μg/mL from 62 kDa fraction had a significant inhibitory effect on both cancerous cell lines (P < 0.05), with no significant effect on the noncancerous cell line. The concentrations of 50 and 100 μg/mL from full extracts significantly increased apoptosis in CT26 cells [35.52 ± 7.5 (P = 0.048*) and 47.72 ± 8 (P 0.026*), respectively], but not in HT29 and noncancerous cell lines. CONCLUSIONS Protein compounds of licorice showed anticancer properties and were able to induce apoptosis in both human colon cancer and mouse colon carcinoma cell lines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soheila Khazraei-Moradian
- a Department of Immunology , School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences , Isfahan , Iran.,b Immunology Asthma and Allergy Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Mazdak Ganjalikhani-Hakemi
- a Department of Immunology , School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences , Isfahan , Iran
| | - Alireza Andalib
- a Department of Immunology , School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences , Isfahan , Iran
| | - Reza Yazdani
- a Department of Immunology , School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences , Isfahan , Iran.,c Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Javad Arasteh
- d Department of Biology , Faculty of Basic Sciences, Islamic Azad University Central Tehran Branch , Tehran , Iran
| | - Gholam Ali Kardar
- b Immunology Asthma and Allergy Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
Khalil AA, Rahman UU, Khan MR, Sahar A, Mehmood T, Khan M. Essential oil eugenol: sources, extraction techniques and nutraceutical perspectives. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra04803c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Graphical representation regarding sources, extraction techniques and nutraceutical perspectives of eugenol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anees Ahmed Khalil
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology
- Faculty of Food, Nutrition and Home Sciences
- University of Agriculture
- Faisalabad
- Pakistan
| | - Ubaid ur Rahman
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology
- Faculty of Food, Nutrition and Home Sciences
- University of Agriculture
- Faisalabad
- Pakistan
| | - Moazzam Rafiq Khan
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology
- Faculty of Food, Nutrition and Home Sciences
- University of Agriculture
- Faisalabad
- Pakistan
| | - Amna Sahar
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology
- Faculty of Food, Nutrition and Home Sciences
- University of Agriculture
- Faisalabad
- Pakistan
| | - Tariq Mehmood
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology
- Faculty of Food, Nutrition and Home Sciences
- University of Agriculture
- Faisalabad
- Pakistan
| | - Muneeb Khan
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology
- Faculty of Food, Nutrition and Home Sciences
- University of Agriculture
- Faisalabad
- Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Yarla NS, Bishayee A, Sethi G, Reddanna P, Kalle AM, Dhananjaya BL, Dowluru KSVGK, Chintala R, Duddukuri GR. Targeting arachidonic acid pathway by natural products for cancer prevention and therapy. Semin Cancer Biol 2016; 40-41:48-81. [PMID: 26853158 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 01/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Arachidonic acid (AA) pathway, a metabolic process, plays a key role in carcinogenesis. Hence, AA pathway metabolic enzymes phospholipase A2s (PLA2s), cyclooxygenases (COXs) and lipoxygenases (LOXs) and their metabolic products, such as prostaglandins and leukotrienes, have been considered novel preventive and therapeutic targets in cancer. Bioactive natural products are a good source for development of novel cancer preventive and therapeutic drugs, which have been widely used in clinical practice due to their safety profiles. AA pathway inhibitory natural products have been developed as chemopreventive and therapeutic agents against several cancers. Curcumin, resveratrol, apigenin, anthocyans, berberine, ellagic acid, eugenol, fisetin, ursolic acid, [6]-gingerol, guggulsteone, lycopene and genistein are well known cancer chemopreventive agents which act by targeting multiple pathways, including COX-2. Nordihydroguaiaretic acid and baicalein can be chemopreventive molecules against various cancers by inhibiting LOXs. Several PLA2s inhibitory natural products have been identified with chemopreventive and therapeutic potentials against various cancers. In this review, we critically discuss the possible utility of natural products as preventive and therapeutic agents against various oncologic diseases, including prostate, pancreatic, lung, skin, gastric, oral, blood, head and neck, colorectal, liver, cervical and breast cancers, by targeting AA pathway. Further, the current status of clinical studies evaluating AA pathway inhibitory natural products in cancer is reviewed. In addition, various emerging issues, including bioavailability, toxicity and explorability of combination therapy, for the development of AA pathway inhibitory natural products as chemopreventive and therapeutic agents against human malignancy are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nagendra Sastry Yarla
- Department of Biochemisty/Bionformatics, Institute of Science, GITAM University, Rushikonda, Visakhapatnam 530 045, Adhra Pradesh, India
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Larkin Health Sciences Institute, 18301 N. Miami Avenue, Miami, FL 33169, USA.
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore; School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Biosciences Research Precinct, Curtin University, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Pallu Reddanna
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500 046, Telagana, India
| | - Arunasree M Kalle
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500 046, Telagana, India; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Laboratory of Human Environmental Epigenomes, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Bhadrapura Lakkappa Dhananjaya
- Toxinology/Toxicology and Drug Discovery Unit, Center for Emerging Technologies, Jain Global Campus, Jain University, Kanakapura Taluk, Ramanagara 562 112, Karnataka, India
| | - Kaladhar S V G K Dowluru
- Department of Biochemisty/Bionformatics, Institute of Science, GITAM University, Rushikonda, Visakhapatnam 530 045, Adhra Pradesh, India; Department of Microbiology and Bioinformatics, Bilaspur University, Bilaspur 495 001, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Ramakrishna Chintala
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Institute of Science, GITAM University, Rushikonda, Visakhapatnam 530 045, Adhra Pradesh, India
| | - Govinda Rao Duddukuri
- Department of Biochemisty/Bionformatics, Institute of Science, GITAM University, Rushikonda, Visakhapatnam 530 045, Adhra Pradesh, India.
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
Al-Mekhlafi FA, Abutaha N, Mashaly AMA, Nasr FA, Ibrahim KE, Wadaan MA. Biological activity of Xanthium strumarium seed extracts on different cancer cell lines and Aedes caspius, Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae). Saudi J Biol Sci 2016; 24:817-821. [PMID: 28490952 PMCID: PMC5415140 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2015] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Effects of methanol extracts of Xanthium strumarium on different cancer cell lines and on the mortality rates of Aedes caspius, Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae) were investigated. Among the cell lines tested, the Jurkat cell line was the most sensitive to the methanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction, with reported LC50 values of 50.18 and 48.73 μg/ml respectively. Conversely, methanol extracts were not that toxic to the A549 cell line though the toxicity increased on further purification. The percentage of growth inhibition was dose dependent for the methanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction. The ethyl acetate fraction showed higher toxicity to all cell lines tested when compared to the methanol extract. The results showed that methanol extracts of plant seeds caused 100% mortality of mosquito larvae at a concentration of 1000 μg/ml after 24 h of treatment. The LC50 and LC90 values of X. strumarium were found to be 531.07 and 905.95 μg/ml against Ae. caspius and 502.32 and 867.63 μg/ml against Cx. Pipiens, respectively. From the investigations, it was concluded that the crude extract of X. strumarium showed a weak potential for controlling the larval instars of Ae. caspius and Cx. pipiens. However, on further purification the extract lost the larvicidal activity. The ethyl acetate fraction showed higher toxicity to all cell lines tested when compared to the methanol extract. The ethyl acetate fraction investigated in this study appears to have a weak larvicidal activity but a promising cytotoxic activity. Future studies will include purification and investigation in further detail of the action of X. strumarium on Cancer Cell Lines and mosquitoes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fahd A Al-Mekhlafi
- Bioproducts Research Chair, Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Agricultural Production, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Thamar University, Yemen
| | - Nael Abutaha
- Bioproducts Research Chair, Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashraf M A Mashaly
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt
| | - Fahd A Nasr
- Bioproducts Research Chair, Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid E Ibrahim
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A Wadaan
- Bioproducts Research Chair, Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
65
|
Abstract
Polyphenols are a widely used class of compounds in dermatology. While phenol itself, the most basic member of the phenol family, is chemically synthesized, most polyphenolic compounds are found in plants and form part of their defense mechanism against decomposition. Polyphenolic compounds, which include phenolic acids, flavonoids, stilbenes, and lignans, play an integral role in preventing the attack on plants by bacteria and fungi, as well as serving as cross-links in plant polymers. There is also mounting evidence that polyphenolic compounds play an important role in human health as well. One of the most important benefits, which puts them in the spotlight of current studies, is their antitumor profile. Some of these polyphenolic compounds have already presented promising results in either in vitro or in vivo studies for non-melanoma skin cancer and melanoma. These compounds act on several biomolecular pathways including cell division cycle arrest, autophagy, and apoptosis. Indeed, such natural compounds may be of potential for both preventive and therapeutic fields of cancer. This review evaluates the existing scientific literature in order to provide support for new research opportunities using polyphenolic compounds in oncodermatology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adilson Costa
- Department of Dermatology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta Veterans Administration Medical Center, Winship Cancer Institute, 101 Woodruff Circle, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Michael Yi Bonner
- Department of Dermatology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta Veterans Administration Medical Center, Winship Cancer Institute, 101 Woodruff Circle, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Jack L Arbiser
- Department of Dermatology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta Veterans Administration Medical Center, Winship Cancer Institute, 101 Woodruff Circle, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
66
|
Kong M, Hwang DS, Yoon SW, Kim J. The effect of clove-based herbal mouthwash on radiation-induced oral mucositis in patients with head and neck cancer: a single-blind randomized preliminary study. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:4533-8. [PMID: 27524909 PMCID: PMC4966496 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s108769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study was performed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of clove-based herbal mouthwash in ameliorating radiation-induced oral mucositis in patients with head and neck cancer. Methods Fourteen patients were prospectively enrolled in this study and randomized to either an experimental group or a control group. The patients of the experimental group swished their mouths with a clove-based herbal mouthwash during radiotherapy (RT), while the patients of the control group swished with clear water. The primary end point of this study was incidence of radiation-induced oral mucositis. The secondary end points were time to onset of radiation-induced oral mucositis, duration of radiation-induced oral mucositis, incidence of supplemental nutrition through feeding tube, maximum pain score, body weight loss, incidence of RT interruption, and duration of RT interruption. Results The use of clove-based herbal mouthwash shortened the duration of grade ≥2 mucositis (24.3 days vs 37.1 days, P=0.044) and reduced body weight loss during RT (3.1% vs 7.4%, P=0.023) compared with clear water. The use of clove-based herbal mouthwash also reduced the incidence of grade 3 mucositis (28.6% vs 57.1%), supplemental nutrition (0% vs 28.6%), and RT interruption (14.3% vs 28.6%), and reduced the duration of grade 3 mucositis (5.1 days vs 17.7 days) and RT interruption (1 days vs 8.5 days). In addition, clove-based herbal mouthwash delayed the time to onset of mucositis (26.6 days vs 24.5 days) and reduced the maximum pain score (4.1 vs 4.9). However, these differences were not statistically significant. Conclusion Although we could not find significant differences in some end points, this single-blind randomized study showed that a clove-based herbal mouthwash can have a potentially beneficial effect on minimizing or preventing radiation-induced oral mucositis in patients with head and neck cancer. To confirm the results of our study, well-designed randomized studies with large sample sizes will be required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moonkyoo Kong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine
| | - Deok-Sang Hwang
- Department of Korean Medicine Obstetrics & Gynecology, Kyung Hee University Medical Center
| | - Seong Woo Yoon
- Department of Korean Internal Medicine, Korean Medicine Cancer Center, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong
| | - Jinsung Kim
- Department of Korean Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
67
|
Fonsêca DV, Salgado PRR, Aragão Neto HDC, Golzio AMFO, Caldas Filho MRD, Melo CGF, Leite FC, Piuvezam MR, Pordeus LCDM, Barbosa Filho JM, Almeida RN. Ortho-eugenol exhibits anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities. Int Immunopharmacol 2016; 38:402-8. [PMID: 27355133 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Ortho-eugenol is a much used phenylpropanoid whose ability to reduce pain and inflammation has never been studied. Researching ortho-eugenol's antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activity, and its possible mechanisms of action is therefore of interest. The administration of vehicle, ortho-eugenol (50, 75 and 100mg/kg i.p.), morphine (6mg/kg, i.p.) or dexamethasone (2mg/kg, s.c.) occurred 30min before the completion of pharmacological tests. Pretreatment with ortho-eugenol did not change motor coordination test results, but reduced the number of writhes and licking times in the writhing test and glutamate test, respectively. The reaction time from thermal stimulus was significantly increased in the hot plate test after administration of ortho-eugenol. Treatment with yohimbine reversed the antinociceptive effect of ortho-eugenol, suggesting involvement of the adrenergic system. In anti-inflammatory tests, ortho-eugenol inhibited acetic acid induced vascular permeability and leukocyte migration, reducing TNF-α and IL-1β by virtue of its suppression of NF-κB and p38 phosphorylated forms in the peritonitis test. From these results, ortho-eugenol antinociceptive effects mediated by the adrenergic system and anti-inflammatory activity through regulation of proinflammatory cytokines and phosphorylation of NF-kB and p38 become evident for the first time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diogo V Fonsêca
- Postgraduate Program in Natural Products and Bioactive Synthetics (PgPNSB), Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, PB, Brazil; Laboratory of Psychopharmacology, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Paula R R Salgado
- Laboratory of Psychopharmacology, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Humberto de C Aragão Neto
- Postgraduate Program in Natural Products and Bioactive Synthetics (PgPNSB), Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, PB, Brazil; Laboratory of Psychopharmacology, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Adriana M F O Golzio
- Laboratory of Psychopharmacology, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Marcelo R D Caldas Filho
- Postgraduate Program in Natural Products and Bioactive Synthetics (PgPNSB), Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, PB, Brazil; Laboratory of Psychopharmacology, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Cynthia G F Melo
- Postgraduate Program in Natural Products and Bioactive Synthetics (PgPNSB), Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, PB, Brazil; Laboratory of Psychopharmacology, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Fagner C Leite
- Postgraduate Program in Natural Products and Bioactive Synthetics (PgPNSB), Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, PB, Brazil; Laboratory of Immunology, University of Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Marcia R Piuvezam
- Postgraduate Program in Natural Products and Bioactive Synthetics (PgPNSB), Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, PB, Brazil; Laboratory of Immunology, University of Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | | | - José M Barbosa Filho
- Postgraduate Program in Natural Products and Bioactive Synthetics (PgPNSB), Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Reinaldo N Almeida
- Postgraduate Program in Natural Products and Bioactive Synthetics (PgPNSB), Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, PB, Brazil; Laboratory of Psychopharmacology, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, PB, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
68
|
Gil J, Kim D, Yoon SK, Ham JS, Jang A. Anti-Oxidative and Anti-Inflammation Activities of Pork Extracts. Korean J Food Sci Anim Resour 2016; 36:275-82. [PMID: 27194938 PMCID: PMC4869556 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2016.36.2.275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2015] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects of boiled pork powder (BPP) and hot water extract powder (HWEP) from 4 cuts of meat from Landrace × Yorkshire × Duroc (LYD). The highest DPPH radical scavenging activities determined were from BPP of Boston butt (13.65 M TE) and HWEP of loin (19.40 M TE) and ham (21.45 M TE). The 2,2-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging activities of BPP from shoulder ham (39.28 M TE) and ham (39.43 M TE) were higher than those of other meat cuts, while HWEP of ham exhibited the highest ABTS radical scavenging activity. A higher oxygen radical absorbance capacity was determined for BPP from ham (198.35 M TE) and in HWEP from loin (204.07 M TE), Boston butt (192.85 M TE), and ham (201.36 M TE). Carnosine content of BPP and HWEP from loin and were determined to be 106.68 and 117.77 mg/g on a dry basis, respectively. The anserine content of BPP (5.26 mg/g, dry basis) and HWEP (6.79 mg/g, dry basis) of shoulder ham exhibited the highest value as compared to the extracts from the other meat cuts. The viability of RAW 264.7 cells was increased with increasing HWEP from loin and ham treatment. In addition, the expression of IL-6 and TNF-α was significantly reduced by HWEP from loin and ham, in a dose dependent manner. These results suggested that boiled pork and hot water extract of pork have antioxidative and cytokine inhibitory effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juae Gil
- Animal Products and Food Science Program, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Dongwook Kim
- Animal Products and Food Science Program, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Seok-Ki Yoon
- Korea Institute for Animal Products Quality Evaluation, KAPE, Sejong 30100, Korea
| | - Jun-Sang Ham
- National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Aera Jang
- Animal Products and Food Science Program, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
69
|
Lee HH, Shin JS, Lee WS, Ryu B, Jang DS, Lee KT. Biflorin, Isolated from the Flower Buds of Syzygium aromaticum L., Suppresses LPS-Induced Inflammatory Mediators via STAT1 Inactivation in Macrophages and Protects Mice from Endotoxin Shock. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2016; 79:711-720. [PMID: 26977531 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.5b00609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Two chromone C-glucosides, biflorin (1) and isobiflorin (2), were isolated from the flower buds of Syzygium aromaticum L. (Myrtaceae). Here, inhibitory effects of 1 and 2 on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced production of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in RAW 264.7 macrophages were evaluated, and 1 (IC50 = 51.7 and 37.1 μM, respectively) was more potent than 2 (IC50 > 60 and 46.0 μM). The suppression of NO and PGE2 production by 1 correlated with inhibition of iNOS and COX-2 protein expression. Compound 1 reduced inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) mRNA expression via inhibition of their promoter activities. Compound 1 inhibited the LPS-induced production and mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL)-6. Furthermore, 1 reduced p-STAT1 and p-p38 expression but did not affect the activity of nuclear factor κ light-chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) or activator protein 1 (AP-1). In a mouse model of LPS-induced endotoxemia, 1 reduced the mRNA levels of iNOS, COX-2, and TNF-α, and the phosphorylation-mediated activation of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1), consequently improving the survival rates of mice. Compound 1 showed a significant anti-inflammatory effect on carrageenan-induced paw edema and croton-oil-induced ear edema in rats. The collective data indicate that the suppression of pro-inflammatory gene expression via p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and STAT1 inactivation may be a mechanism for the anti-inflammatory activity of 1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hwi-Ho Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, ‡Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, §Reactive Oxygen Species Medical Research Center College of Pharmacy, and ⊥Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University , Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Sun Shin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, ‡Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, §Reactive Oxygen Species Medical Research Center College of Pharmacy, and ⊥Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University , Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Seok Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, ‡Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, §Reactive Oxygen Species Medical Research Center College of Pharmacy, and ⊥Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University , Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeol Ryu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, ‡Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, §Reactive Oxygen Species Medical Research Center College of Pharmacy, and ⊥Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University , Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Sik Jang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, ‡Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, §Reactive Oxygen Species Medical Research Center College of Pharmacy, and ⊥Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University , Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Tae Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, ‡Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, §Reactive Oxygen Species Medical Research Center College of Pharmacy, and ⊥Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University , Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
70
|
Wang YS, Wen ZQ, Li BT, Zhang HB, Yang JH. Ethnobotany, phytochemistry, and pharmacology of the genus Litsea: An update. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 181:66-107. [PMID: 26812679 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Revised: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The genus Litsea is one of the most diverse genera of evergreen trees or shrubs belong to Lauraceae, and comprises roughly 400 species of tree that are distributed abundantly throughout tropical and subtropical Asia, North and South America. Litsea species have been used globally in traditional medicine for the treatment of various diseases including influenza, stomach aches, diarrhea, diabetes, vomiting, bone pain, inflammation, illness related to the central nervous system and other ailments. The purpose of this review is to provide updated, comprehensive and categorized information on the ethnobotany, phytochemistry and pharmacological research of Litsea species in order to explore their therapeutic potential and evaluate future research opportunities. MATERIALS AND METHODS All the available information on Litsea species was actualised by systematically searching the scientific literatures including Chinese, Korean, Japanese, Indian, and South American herbal classics, library catalogs and scientific databases (PubMed, SciFinder, Web of Science, Google Scholar, VIP and Wanfang). The Plant List, International Plant Name index and Scientific Database of China Plant Species were used to validate scientific names. RESULTS 407 secondary metabolites have been reported from Litsea species. Litsea Species are sources of secondary metabolites with interesting chemical structures (alkaloids, lactones, sesquiterpenes, flavonoids, lignans, and essential oils) and significant bioactivities. Crude extracts, fractions and phytochemical constituents isolated from Litsea show a wide spectrum of in vitro and in vivo pharmacological activities including anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antidiabetic, anti-HIV, insecticidal, etc. CONCLUSIONS From data collected in this review, the genus Litsea comprises a wide range of therapeutically promising and valuable plants, and has attracted much attention owing to its multiple functions. Many traditional uses of Litsea species have now been validated by modern pharmacology research. Deep and systematic phytochemical investigation of the genus Litsea and the pharmacological properties, especially its mechanism of action and toxicology, to illustrate its ethnomedicinal use, explore the therapeutic potential and support further health-care product development will undoubtedly be the focus of further research. Therefore, detailed and extensive studies and clinical evaluation of Litsea species should be carried out in future for the safety approval of therapeutic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Song Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China
| | - Zheng-Qi Wen
- First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650031, PR China
| | - Bi-Tao Li
- First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650031, PR China
| | - Hong-Bin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China
| | - Jing-Hua Yang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
71
|
Esmaeili F, Rajabnejhad S, Partoazar AR, Mehr SE, Faridi-Majidi R, Sahebgharani M, Syedmoradi L, Rajabnejhad MR, Amani A. Anti-inflammatory effects of eugenol nanoemulsion as a topical delivery system. Pharm Dev Technol 2015; 21:887-893. [DOI: 10.3109/10837450.2015.1078353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
72
|
Taher YA, Samud AM, El-Taher FE, ben-Hussin G, Elmezogi JS, Al-Mehdawi BF, Salem HA. Experimental evaluation of anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive and antipyretic activities of clove oil in mice. Libyan J Med 2015; 10:28685. [PMID: 26333873 PMCID: PMC4558274 DOI: 10.3402/ljm.v10.28685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Revised: 08/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clove oil of Eugenia caryophyllata (Myrtaceae) is a light yellowish fluid obtained from dried flower buds. Clove oil is used traditionally to relieve toothache. AIM The aim of the present work was to study the anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive and antipyretic potential of clove oil in mice. METHODS Analgesic activity was examined using acetic-acid-induced abdominal constrictions and the hot plate test. Carrageenan-induced paw edema and brewer's-yeast-induced pyrexia were used to investigate the anti-inflammatory activity and the antipyretic effects, respectively. The oil was administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) at a dose of 33 mg/kg body weight and the effects were compared with reference drugs. RESULTS In the antinociceptive test, mice treated with clove oil exhibited significantly decreased acetic-acid-induced writhing movements by a maximum of 87.7% (p<0.01) compared with a decrease of 77.7% (p<0.01) in response to aspirin injection (100 mg/kg, intraperitoneal, i.p.). Similarly, in the hot plate test, clove oil significantly increased the reaction latency to pain after 60 min by 82.3% (p<0.05) compared with morphine value of 91.7% (p<0.01). In addition, clove oil and indomethacin produced anti-inflammatory effects, as demonstrated by respectively 50.6% (p<0.05) and 70.4% (p<0.01) inhibition of mouse paw edema induced by carrageenan. Furthermore, clove oil significantly attenuated the hyperthermia induced by yeast at ΔT-max by 2.7°C (p<0.001), and time of peak effects was 30-180 min compared with a paracetamol value ΔT-max of 3.2°C (p<0.001). The estimated i.p. LD50 of clove oil was 161.9 mg/kg. Phytochemical screening of the oil showed the presence of eugenol. CONCLUSION The present findings demonstrate the potential pharmacological properties of clove oil and provide further a support for its reported use in folk medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yousef A Taher
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tripoli University, Tripoli, Libya;
| | - Awatef M Samud
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medical Technology, Tripoli University, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Fathy E El-Taher
- Orthodontic Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Tripoli University, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Ghazala ben-Hussin
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tripoli University, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Jamal S Elmezogi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tripoli University, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Badryia F Al-Mehdawi
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tripoli University, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Hanan A Salem
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tripoli University, Tripoli, Libya
| |
Collapse
|
73
|
Choi MS, Choi BS, Kim SH, Pak SC, Jang CH, Chin YW, Kim YM, Kim DI, Jeon S, Koo BS. Essential Oils from the Medicinal Herbs Upregulate Dopamine Transporter in Rat Pheochromocytoma Cells. J Med Food 2015; 18:1112-20. [PMID: 26295793 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2015.3475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The dopamine transporter (DAT) protein, a component of the dopamine system, undergoes adaptive neurobiological changes from drug abuse. Prevention of relapse and reduction of withdrawal symptoms are still the major limitations in the current pharmacological treatments of drug addiction. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of essential oils extracted from Elsholtzia ciliata, Shinchim, Angelicae gigantis Radix, and Eugenia caryophyllata, well-known traditional Korean medicines for addiction, on the modulation of dopamine system in amphetamine-treated cells and to explore the possible mechanism underlying its therapeutic effect. The potential cytotoxic effect of essential oils was evaluated in PC12 rat pheochromocytoma cells using cell viability assays. Quantification of DAT, p-CREB, p-MAPK, and p-Akt was done by immunoblotting. DAT was significantly reduced in cells treated with 50 μM of amphetamine in a time-dependent manner. No significant toxicity of essential oils from Elsholtzia ciliata and Shinchim was observed at doses of 10, 25, and 50 μg/mL. However, essential oils from A. gigantis Radix at a dose of 100 μg/mL and E. caryophyllata at doses of 50 and 100 μg/mL showed cytotoxicity. Treatment with GBR 12909, a highly selective DAT inhibitor, significantly increased DAT expression compared with that of amphetamine only by enhancing phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) and Akt. In addition, essential oils effectively induced hyperphosphorylation of cyclic-AMP response element-binding protein (CREB), MAPK, and Akt, which resulted in DAT upregulation. Our study implies that the essential oils may rehabilitate brain dopamine function through increased DAT availability in abstinent former drug users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Sun Choi
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Traditional Korean Medicine, Dongguk University , Gyeongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Bang-sub Choi
- 2 Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Traditional Korean Medicine, Dongguk University , Gyeongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Heon Kim
- 2 Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Traditional Korean Medicine, Dongguk University , Gyeongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sok Cheon Pak
- 3 School of Biomedical Sciences, Charles Sturt University , Bathurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Chul Ho Jang
- 4 Department of Otoalaryngology, Chonnam National University Medical School , Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Won Chin
- 5 Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul , Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Mi Kim
- 5 Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul , Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-il Kim
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Traditional Korean Medicine, Dongguk University , Gyeongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Songhee Jeon
- 6 Dongguk University Research Institute of Biotechnology , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Soo Koo
- 2 Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Traditional Korean Medicine, Dongguk University , Gyeongju, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
74
|
Majeed H, Antoniou J, Fang Z. Apoptotic effects of eugenol-loaded nanoemulsions in human colon and liver cancer cell lines. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 15:9159-64. [PMID: 25422195 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.21.9159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this study eugenol (EU) loaded nanoemulsions (NEs) emulsified with modified starch were prepared and their apoptotic potential against liver and colon cancer cells was examined in comparison with bulk EU. MATERIALS AND METHODS We prepared stable EU loaded NEs which were characterized by dynamic light scattering, centrifugation and gas chromatography. Furthermore, cell viability was determined using MTT assay, and apoptosis and cell cycle analysess by flow cytometry. RESULTS HB8065 (liver) and HTB37 (colon) cells when treated with EU:CA NEs demonstrated greater apoptotic cells percentages as evidenced by microscopic images and flow cytometric evaluations. It was observed that EU and EU:CA NE induced apoptosis in both cell lines via reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrated that ROS plays a critical role in EU and EU:CA NE induced apoptosis in HB8065 and HTB37 cells. This is the first report on the antiproliferative mechanisms of EU loaded NE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Majeed
- Key Laboratory of Food Colloids and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China E-mail :
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
75
|
Porto MDP, da Silva GN, Luperini BCO, Bachiega TF, de Castro Marcondes JP, Sforcin JM, Salvadori DMF. Citral and eugenol modulate DNA damage and pro-inflammatory mediator genes in murine peritoneal macrophages. Mol Biol Rep 2015; 41:7043-51. [PMID: 25103019 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3657-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Citral and eugenol have been broadly studied because of their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antiparasitic potentials. In this study, the effects of citral (25, 50 and 100 µg/mL) and eugenol (0.31, 0.62, 1.24 and 2.48 µg/mL) on the expression (RT-PCR) of the pro-inflammatory mediator genes NF-κB1, COX-2 and TNF-α were evaluated in mouse peritoneal macrophages with or without activation by a bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Additionally, the genotoxic potentials of two compounds and their capacities to modulate the DNA damage induced by doxorubicin (DXR) were investigated using the comet assay. The data revealed that neither citral nor eugenol changed COX-2, NF-κB1 or TNF-α expression in resting macrophages. However, in LPS-activated cells, citral induced the hypoexpression of COX-2 (100 µg/mL) and TNF-α (50 and 100 µg/mL). Hypoexpression of TNF-α was also detected after cellular exposure to eugenol at the highest concentration (2.48 µg/mL). Both compounds exhibited genotoxic potential (citral at 50 and 100 µg/mL and eugenol at all concentrations) but also showed chemopreventive effects, in various treatment protocols. Both citral and eugenol might modulate inflammatory processes and DXR-induced DNA damage, but the use of these compounds must be viewed with caution because they are also able to induce primary DNA lesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marilia de Paula Porto
- Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, 18618-000, Brazil,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
76
|
Deepak V, Kasonga A, Kruger MC, Coetzee M. Inhibitory effects of eugenol on RANKL-induced osteoclast formation via attenuation of NF-κB and MAPK pathways. Connect Tissue Res 2015; 56:195-203. [PMID: 25405641 DOI: 10.3109/03008207.2014.989320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Bone loss diseases are often associated with increased receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclast formation. Compounds that can attenuate RANKL-mediated osteoclast formation are of great biomedical interest. Eugenol, a phenolic constituent of clove oil possesses medicinal properties; however, its anti-osteoclastogenic potential is unexplored hitherto. Here, we found that eugenol dose-dependently inhibited the RANKL-induced multinucleated osteoclast formation and TRAP activity in RAW264.7 macrophages. The underlying molecular mechanisms included the attenuation of RANKL-mediated degradation of IκBα and subsequent activation of NF-κB pathway. Furthermore, increase in phosphorylation and activation of RANKL-induced mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways (MAPK) was perturbed by eugenol. RANKL-induced expression of osteoclast-specific marker genes such as TRAP, cathepsin K (CtsK) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) was remarkably downregulated by eugenol. These findings provide the first line of evidence that eugenol mediated attenuation of RANKL-induced NF-κB and MAPK pathways could synergistically contribute to the inhibition of osteoclast formation. Eugenol could be developed as therapeutic agent against diseases with excessive osteoclast activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vishwa Deepak
- Department of Physiology, University of Pretoria , Pretoria , South Africa
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
77
|
Zhang JP, Wang GW, Tian XH, Yang YX, Liu QX, Chen LP, Li HL, Zhang WD. The genus Carpesium: a review of its ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry and pharmacology. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 163:173-91. [PMID: 25639815 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Revised: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The plants in the genus Carpesium, which grow naturally in Asia and Europe, have long been used in traditional Chinese, Korean and Japanese medicines. The antipyretic, antimalarial, haemostatic, anti-inflammatory and detoxifying properties of their extracts enabled their use in the treatment of several diseases, such as fevers, colds, contusions, diarrhoea, mastitis, mumps, hepatitis, malaria, etc. This review summarises the state-of-the-art and comprehensive information surrounding its use as traditional medicine, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology to reveal the potential therapeutic effects of Carpesium plants and to establish a solid foundation for directing future research. MATERIALS AND METHODS The extensive reading and investigation were actualised by systematically searching the scientific literatures including Chinese, Korean and Japanese herbal classics, library catalogs and scientific databases (PubMed, Scopus, SciFinder and the Web of Science), were systematically searched for topics related to factors like the chemical constituents, pharmacognostic research and pharmacological effects of the Carpesium species. RESULTS Carpesium plants have been studied extensively as traditional folk medicines in China, Korea and Japan all the time. In past, phytochemical research was the focal point of this genus, and the recent studies of the members of this genus have been focused on the pharmacological activity and potential therapeutic applications of these plants. The research performed revealed that 143 compounds including sesquiterpenoid lactone monomers, sesquiterpenoid lactone dimers, monoterpenes, diterpenoids, phenolic compounds, and several other type of compounds, were isolated and identified within this genus in recent years, and certain of these constituents had demonstrated to possess anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, anti-plasmodial, anti-oxidant, anti-fungal and anti-bacterial effects. CONCLUSIONS This review shows that approximately 50 active compounds possess therapeutic potential during the treatment of cancer, inflammatory, parasitosis, etc. However, apart from those bioactive molecules, a considerable part of compounds, including a lot of sesquiterpenes, and several other type of compounds that have been previously isolated but have not been tested biologically need to be further tested. Therefore, more pharmacological experiments should be focused on these untested chemical constituents. Additionally, another issue concerns that most pharmacological studies were only performed in vitro-based experiments, so additional in vivo tests in animal models are required to estimate their side effects for the safety approval of therapeutic applications. Finally, further studies through well controlled, double-blind clinical trials are required to re-evaluate their efficacious and possible side effects, and more pharmacological mechanisms on main active compounds will also be needed for illuminating correlations between ehnopharmacology and pharmacology in future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Ping Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guo-He Road, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Guo-Wei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Xin-Hui Tian
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guo-He Road, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Yong-Xun Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guo-He Road, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Qing-Xin Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guo-He Road, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Li-Ping Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guo-He Road, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Hui-Liang Li
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guo-He Road, Shanghai 200433, PR China.
| | - Wei-Dong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guo-He Road, Shanghai 200433, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| |
Collapse
|
78
|
Hydrocolloid-based nutraceutical delivery systems: Effect of counter-ions on the encapsulation and release. Food Hydrocoll 2015; 43:658-663. [PMID: 25419030 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2014.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Nutraceuticals provide health benefits, especially for the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases such as diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular disease and cancer. Their incorporation in food supplements, functional foods and medicinal foods is a major technological challenge due to lower water solubility, instability during processing and storage conditions. Carriers that can effectively overcome these predicaments and protect them during product development, consumption and delivery are in high demand. Toward this end, our research approach is to entrap nutraceuticals in the ordered networks of hydrocolloids. We have examined the effect cations in regulating the encapsulated amounts and release characteristics. Iota-carrageenan and eugenol have been chosen as models of hydrocolloid and nutraceutical, respectively, in the presence of Na and Ca ions. The results suggest that carrageenan maintains its network organization even after encapsulating the eugenol molecules. Increased eugenol amounts are found in the Na carrageenan complex compared to the Ca complex, and the release rate is faster from the former but it is more controlled from the latter. These differences highlight the vital role of cations on the encapsulation efficiency and release profiles of hydrocolloid-based nutraceutical carriers. The outcome offers an elegant opportunity for developing novel and value-added food systems employing low-in-cost, nontoxic and heavily consumed food grade hydrocolloids.
Collapse
|
79
|
Opara EI, Chohan M. Culinary herbs and spices: their bioactive properties, the contribution of polyphenols and the challenges in deducing their true health benefits. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:19183-202. [PMID: 25340982 PMCID: PMC4227268 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151019183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Revised: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Herbs and spices have been used for both culinary and medicinal purposes for centuries. Over the last decade, research into their role as contributors of dietary polyphenols, known to possess a number of properties associated with reducing the risk of developing chronic non-communicable diseases, has increased. However, bearing in mind how these foods are consumed, normally in small quantities and in combination with other foods, it is unclear what their true benefit is from a health perspective. The aim of this review is to use the literature to discuss how preparative and digestive processes, bioavailability and interactions between foods may influence the bioactive properties of these foods, and whether or not polyphenols are responsible for these properties. Furthermore, this review aims to highlight the challenges that need to be addressed so as to determine the true benefits of these foods and the mechanisms of action that underpin their purported efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth I Opara
- School of Life Sciences, Kingston University, Penrhyn Road, Kingston upon Thames KT1 2EE, UK.
| | - Magali Chohan
- School of Sport, Health and Applied Science, St. Mary's University, Waldegrave Road, Strawberry Hill, Twickenham TW1 4SX, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
80
|
Fazal F, Mane PP, Rai MP, Thilakchand KR, Bhat HP, Kamble PS, Palatty PL, Baliga MS. The phytochemistry, traditional uses and pharmacology of Piper Betel. linn (Betel Leaf): A pan-asiatic medicinal plant. Chin J Integr Med 2014. [PMID: 25159859 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-013-1334-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Since antiquity, Piper betel. Linn, commonly known as betel vine, has been used as a religious, recreational and medicinal plant in Southeast Asia. The leaves, which are the most commonly used plant part, are pungent with aromatic flavor and are widely consumed as a mouth freshener. It is carminative, stimulant, astringent and is effective against parasitic worms. Experimental studies have shown that it possess diverse biological and pharmacological effects, which includes antibacterial, antifungal, larvicidal, antiprotozal, anticaries, gastroprotective effects, free radical scavenging, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory hepatoprotective, immunomodulatory, antiulcer and chemopreventive activities. The active principles hydroxychavicol, allylpyrocatechol and eugenol with their plethora of pharmacological properties may also have the potential to develop as bioactive lead molecule. In this review, an attempt is made to summarize the religious, traditional uses, phytochemical composition and experimentally validated pharmacological properties of Piper betel. Emphasis is also placed on aspects warranting detail studies for it to be of pharmaceutical/clinical use to humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farhan Fazal
- Research and Development, Father Muller Medical College, Father Muller Road, Mangalore, Karnataka, 575002, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
81
|
Müller L, Pawelec G. Aging and immunity - impact of behavioral intervention. Brain Behav Immun 2014; 39:8-22. [PMID: 24315935 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2013.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Revised: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune responses to pathogens to which they were not previously exposed are commonly less effective in elderly people than in young adults, whereas those to agents previously encountered and overcome in earlier life may be amplified. This is reflected in the robust finding in many studies that the proportions and numbers of naïve B and T cells are lower and memory cells higher in the elderly. In addition to the "extrinsic" effects of pathogen exposure, "intrinsic" events such as age-associated differences in haematopoeitic stem cells and their niches in the bone marrow associated with differences in cell maturation and output to the periphery are also observed. In the case of T cells, the "intrinsic" process of thymic involution, beginning before puberty, further contributes to reducing the production of naïve T cells. Like memory T cell populations, innate immune cells may be increased in number but decreased in efficacy on a per-cell basis. Thus, superimposed on chronological age alone, remodelling of immunity as a result of interactions with the environment over the life course is instrumental in shaping immune status in later life. In addition to interactions with pathogens, host microbiome and nutrition, exercise and stress, and many other extrinsic factors are crucial modulators of this "immunosenescence" process. In this review, we briefly outline the observed immune differences between younger and older people, and discuss the possible impacts of behavioral variations thereon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ludmila Müller
- Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Lentzeallee 94, D-14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Graham Pawelec
- Center for Medical Research, University of Tübingen, Waldhörnlestr. 22, D-72072 Tübingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
82
|
Essential oils and their constituents as anticancer agents: a mechanistic view. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:154106. [PMID: 25003106 PMCID: PMC4070586 DOI: 10.1155/2014/154106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Exploring natural plant products as an option to find new chemical entities as anticancer agents is one of the fastest growing areas of research. Recently, in the last decade, essential oils (EOs) have been under study for their use in cancer therapy and the present review is an attempt to collect and document the available studies indicating EOs and their constituents as anticancer agents. This review enlists nearly 130 studies of EOs from various plant species and their constituents that have been studied so far for their anticancer potential and these studies have been classified as in vitro and in vivo studies for EOs and their constituents. This review also highlights in-depth various mechanisms of action of different EOs and their constituents reported in the treatment strategies for different types of cancer. The current review indicates that EOs and their constituents act by multiple pathways and mechanisms involving apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, antimetastatic and antiangiogenic, increased levels of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS), DNA repair modulation, and others to demonstrate their antiproliferative activity in the cancer cell. The effect of EOs and their constituents on tumour suppressor proteins (p53 and Akt), transcription factors (NF- κB and AP-1), MAPK-pathway, and detoxification enzymes like SOD, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase has also been discussed.
Collapse
|
83
|
GABAergic pharmacological activity of propofol related compounds as possible enhancers of general anesthetics and interaction with membranes. Cell Biochem Biophys 2014; 67:515-25. [PMID: 23456454 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-013-9537-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Phenol compounds, such as propofol and thymol, have been shown to act on the GABAA receptor through interaction with specific sites of this receptor. In addition, considering the high lipophilicity of phenols, it is possible that their pharmacological activity may also be the result of the interaction of phenol molecules with the surrounding lipid molecules, modulating the supramolecular organization of the receptor environment. Thus, in the present study, we study the pharmacological activity of some propofol- and thymol-related phenols on the native GABAA receptor using primary cultures of cortical neurons and investigate the effects of these compounds on the micro viscosity of artificial membranes by means of fluorescence anisotropy. The phenol compounds analyzed in this article are carvacrol, chlorothymol, and eugenol. All compounds were able to enhance the binding of [(3)H]flunitrazepam with EC50 values in the micromolar range and to increase the GABA-evoked Cl(-) influx in a concentration-dependent manner, both effects being inhibited by the competitive GABAA antagonist bicuculline. These results strongly suggest that the phenols studied are positive allosteric modulators of this receptor. Chlorothymol showed a bell-type effect, reducing its positive effect at concentrations >100 μM. The concentrations necessary to induce positive allosteric modulation of GABAA receptor were not cytotoxic. Although all compounds were able to decrease the micro viscosity of artificial membranes, chlorothymol displayed a larger effect which could explain its effects on [(3)H]flunitrazepam binding and on cell viability at high concentrations. Finally, it is suggested that these compounds may exert depressant activity on the central nervous system and potentiate the effects of general anesthetics.
Collapse
|
84
|
Anti-Inflammatory Effects of an Ethanolic Extract of Guava (Psidium guajava L.) Leaves In Vitro and In Vivo. J Med Food 2014; 17:678-85. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2013.2936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
|
85
|
Anethole and eugenol reduce in vitro and in vivo leukocyte migration induced by fMLP, LTB4, and carrageenan. J Nat Med 2014; 68:567-75. [PMID: 24789168 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-014-0839-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of anethole (AN) and eugenol (EUG) on leukocyte migration using in vitro chemotaxis and in situ microcirculation assays. BALB/c mice were used for the in vitro chemotaxis assay, and Wistar rats for the in situ microcirculation assay. We evaluated (a) the in vitro leukocyte migration in response to chemotactic factors (formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine [fMLP] and leukotriene B4 [LTB4]) and (b) the rolling, adhesion, and migration of leukocytes induced by an injection of carrageenan (100 µg/cavity) into the scrotum of the animal. In the in vitro chemotaxis assay, AN and EUG at doses of 1, 3, 9, and 27 µg/ml significantly inhibited leukocyte migration when stimulated by the chemotactic agents fMLP and LTB4. In the in situ microcirculation assay, AN at doses of 125 and 250 mg/kg and EUG at a dose of 250 mg/kg significantly decreased the number of leukocytes that rolled, adhered, and migrated to perivascular tissue. The results indicate that AN and EUG exert inhibitory effects on leukocyte migration, highlighting their possible use to diminish excessive leukocyte migration in the inflammatory process.
Collapse
|
86
|
Baker I, Chohan M, Opara EI. Impact of cooking and digestion, in vitro, on the antioxidant capacity and anti-inflammatory activity of cinnamon, clove and nutmeg. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2013; 68:364-369. [PMID: 23975332 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-013-0379-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The impact of cooking and digestion on the antioxidant capacity (AC), estimated total phenolic content (TPC) and anti-inflammatory activity (AA) of culinary spices was determined to investigate their significance as dietary contributors to these properties. Extracts of uncooked (U), cooked (C) and cooked and digested, in vitro, (D) cinnamon, clove and nutmeg were prepared and the TPC, AC and AA, specifically the inhibition of cyclo-oxygenase 2 (COX-2) and the amount of prostaglandin (PG) synthesized, were determined. Compared to their uncooked (U) counterparts, the following changes were statistically significant: the AC and TPC for (C) clove, and the TPC for (D) clove decreased, the TPC for (D) clove increased, the TPC for (C) nutmeg increased, and the AC and TPC for (D) nutmeg increased, and the TPC for (C) and (D) nutmeg increased. All the spices achieved near 100 % inhibition of COX-2 which was associated with the inhibition of the amount of PG synthesized. Based on estimated levels of ingestion, cinnamon possesses a much higher AC than clove and nutmeg because it is typically used in larger quantities. For AA, (U, C and D) cinnamon and clove maintain near 100 % inhibition of COX-2 but only the inhibitory potential of (D) nutmeg could be ascertained (70 %). Cooking and digestion alter the TPC and AC of these spices although the changes are not consistent between spices or across treatments. In contrast to AC, significant AA is likely to be present in these spices at amounts used in cooking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iona Baker
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Computing, Kingston University, Penrhyn Road, Kingston upon Thames, KT1 2EE, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
87
|
|
88
|
Zhang L, Lokeshwar BL. Medicinal properties of the Jamaican pepper plant Pimenta dioica and Allspice. Curr Drug Targets 2013; 13:1900-6. [PMID: 23140298 DOI: 10.2174/138945012804545641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2012] [Revised: 10/24/2012] [Accepted: 11/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The Caribbean tropical tree, Pimenta dioica has been used for a variety of human endeavors, such as in perfumery industry, food spice, as a natural pesticide, and in folk medicine. Discovered in Jamaica during the voyages of Christopher Columbus, the dried unripe berries of P. dioica also known as Allspice can be found in all continents with unique names in over 50 languages. Systematic investigation of aromatic constituents of Pimenta leaves and its unripe berries, Allspice, have resulted in discovery of many and novel aromatic compounds, mostly glycosides and polyphenols that show antibacterial, hypotensive, anti-neuralgic and analgesic properties. Recent studies have shown two of the known compounds isolated from Allspice, Eugenol and Gallic acid have selective antiproliferative and anti-tumor properties on human cancer cells and their animal models. New characterization of novel compounds such as Ericifolin from the aqueous extract of Allspice berries show potent anti-prostate cancer and anti-breast cancer properties that can be verified in vitro as well as in vivo. Considering its purity, mostly available as "organically grown" berries, availability at low cost, wide acceptance in culinary delights of many cultures world-wide, Allspice may have an additional space in most households, in their medicine cabinets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Sheila and David Fuente Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, Leonard Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL33136, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
89
|
Koppula S, Kim WJ, Jiang J, Shim DW, Oh NH, Kim TJ, Kang TB, Lee KH. Carpesium macrocephalum attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in macrophages by regulating the NF-κB/IκB-α, Akt, and STAT signaling pathways. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2013; 41:927-43. [PMID: 23895161 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x13500626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Carpesium macrocephalum (CM) Fr. et Sav. (Compositae) has been used in Chinese folk medicine as an analgesic, hemostatic, antipyretic, and to suppress inflammatory conditions. In the present study we aimed to provide scientific evidence for the anti-inflammatory properties of CM extract and evaluate the intrinsic mechanisms involved in both in vitro and in vivo experimental models. In in vitro findings, CM significantly inhibited the LPS-stimulated release of proinflammatory mediators such as nitric oxide, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, prostaglandin E2, and interleukin-6 in RAW264.7 macrophages in a concentration-dependent fashion. The attenuation of inflammatory responses in LPS-activated RAW264.7 cells by CM was closely associated with the suppression of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) phosphorylation, IκB-α degradation, and phosphorylation of Akt. CM treatment also attenuated the phosphorylation of STAT through TRIF dependent pathways in LPS-activated RAW264.7 cells. In vivo studies revealed that CM extract concentration dependently suppressed the acetic acid-induced vascular permeability in mice. Considering the data obtained regulation of multiple signaling mechanisms involving TRIF and Akt/NF-κB pathways might be responsible for the potent anti-inflammatory action of CM, substantiating its traditional use in inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sushruta Koppula
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Research Institute of Inflammatory Diseases, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-701, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
90
|
Iwano H, Ujita W, Nishikawa M, Ishii S, Inoue H, Yokota H. Effect of dietary eugenol on xenobiotic metabolism and mediation of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase and cytochrome P450 1A1 expression in rat liver. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2013; 65:241-4. [PMID: 24144396 DOI: 10.3109/09637486.2013.845650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes (XMEs) play an important role in the elimination and detoxification of xenobiotics and drugs. A variety of natural dietary agents are known to protect against cancer by inducing XME. To elucidate the molecular mechanism of XME induction, we examined the effect of dietary eugenol (4-allyl-1-hydroxy-2-methoxybenzene) on xenobiotic metabolism. In this study, rats were administered dietary eugenol for 4 weeks to investigate the various effects of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) and cytochrome P450 (CYP) expression. In rats administered dietary eugenol, expression levels of hepatic CYP1A 1 were reduced to 40% than of the controls, while expression of hepatic UGT1A6, UGT1A7 and UGT2B1 increased to 2-3 times than observed in the controls. Hepatic protein levels of UGT1A6 and 2B1 were also elevated in the eugenol-treated rats. These results suggest that the natural compound eugenol improves the xenobiotic-metabolizing systems that suppress and induce the expression of CYP1A1 and UGT, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hidetomo Iwano
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
91
|
Basch E, Gasparyan A, Giese N, Hashmi S, Miranda M, Sollars D, Seamon E, Tanguay-Colucci S, Ulbricht C, Varghese M, Vora M, Weissner W. Clove (Eugenia aromatica) and clove oil (eugenol). Natural standard monograph (www.naturalstandard.com) copyright © 2008. J Diet Suppl 2013; 5:117-46. [PMID: 22432430 DOI: 10.1080/19390210802335391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
92
|
Wang H, Guo Y, Zhao X, Li H, Fan G, Mao H, Miao L, Gao X. An estrogen receptor dependent mechanism of Oroxylin A in the repression of inflammatory response. PLoS One 2013; 8:e69555. [PMID: 23922737 PMCID: PMC3726624 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Oroxylin A, a natural flavonoid, is one of the main bioactive compounds that underlie the anti-inflammatory effect of the medicinal herb Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi widely used in southeastern Asia; however, the molecular mechanisms for the therapeutic benefits remain largely unclear. In this study, we found that Oroxylin A induces estrogen-responsive gene expression and promoter activity. In macrophages, Oroxylin A treatment significantly attenuates lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced but not basal inflammatory response, including nitric oxide (NO) production and the expression of inflammatory mediators (i.e., iNOS and COX-2) and cytokines (i.e., TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6), in an estrogen receptor (ER)-dependent manner. Oroxylin A treatment also dramatically decreases LPS-induced secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, the downregulation of all these inflammatory parameters by Oroxylin A was abolished when cells were pretreated with specific ER antagonist. Thus, Oroxylin A is a novel phytoestrogen and exhibits anti-inflammatory effects that are mediated by ER activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China, Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Pharmacology, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Guo
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China, Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China, Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Huiying Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Pharmacology, Tianjin, China
| | - Guanwei Fan
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China, Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Haoping Mao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Lin Miao
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China, Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiumei Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Pharmacology, Tianjin, China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
93
|
Suchetha A, Bharwani AG. Efficacy of a commercially available multi-herbal formulation in periodontal therapy. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2013; 17:193-7. [PMID: 23869125 PMCID: PMC3713750 DOI: 10.4103/0972-124x.113068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2011] [Accepted: 12/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This prospective clinical trial was designed to evaluate the clinical effects of a commercially available powder (Periocare(®) Gum massage powder), containing various herbal medicaments, in the reduction of plaque and gingival inflammation in subjects diagnosed with gingivitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seventy-five subjects diagnosed with chronic generalized gingivitis were selected and randomly divided into the following three groups: Group I - Scaling + Periocare(®) Gum Massage powder, Group II - Periocare(®) Gum Massage powder alone, and Group III - Scaling only. Clinical evaluation was done at baseline, 2 weeks, 4 weeks, and 6 weeks using gingival index, plaque index, and microbiological culturing of plaque samples. RESULTS Periocare(®) Gum Massage (multi-herbal formulation) powder as an adjunct to mechanical therapy (scaling) showed significant clinical and microbiological improvement in the gingival index and plaque index scores as compared to other groups. Periocare(®) Gum Massage powder as a monotherapy did not prove to be effective for plaque control. CONCLUSION Periocare(®) Gum Massage may be a useful herbal formulation for chemical plaque control and improvement in plaque scores and gingival status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Suchetha
- Department of Periodontics, DAPM R V Dental College, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
94
|
|
95
|
Zarshenas MM, Petramfar P, Firoozabadi A, Moein MR, Mohagheghzadeh A. Types of headache and those remedies in traditional persian medicine. Pharmacogn Rev 2013; 7:17-26. [PMID: 23922452 PMCID: PMC3731875 DOI: 10.4103/0973-7847.112835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2012] [Revised: 12/29/2012] [Accepted: 06/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The history of headache, as a common neurological complication, goes back to almost 9000 years ago. Many ancient civilizations present references to headaches and the coherent treatment strategies. Accordingly, several documents comprising headache complications embodying precise medical information stem from Traditional Persian Medicine (TPM) that can provide useful opportunities for more comprehensive treatment. We conducted a survey on headache through original important pharmacopeias and other important medical manuscripts of TPM which were written during 9(th) to 19(th) centuries and have derived all headache categories and herbal remedies. An extensive search of scientific data banks, such as Medline and Scopus, has also been exercised to find results relating to the anti-inflammatory, anti-nociceptive, and analgesic effects of denoted medicinal herbs. The concept of headache and treatments in TPM covers over 20 various types of headache and more than 160 different medicinal plants administered for oral, topical, and nasal application according to 1000 years of the subject documents. Nearly, 60% of remarked medicinal herbs have related anti-inflammatory or analgesic effects and some current headache types have similarities and conformities to those of traditional types. Beside historical approaches, there are many possible and available strategies that can lead to development of new and effective headache treatment from medicinal plants so that this study can provide beneficial information on clinical remedies based on centuries of experience in the field of headache which can stand as a new candidate for further investigations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad M. Zarshenas
- Research Center for Traditional Medicine and History of Medicine, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Peyman Petramfar
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Firoozabadi
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahmood Reza Moein
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Abdolali Mohagheghzadeh
- Research Center for Traditional Medicine and History of Medicine, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
96
|
Singh KK, Rauniar GP, Sangraula H. Experimental study of neuropharmacological profile of Euphorbia pulcherrima in mice and rats. J Neurosci Rural Pract 2012. [PMID: 23188984 PMCID: PMC3505323 DOI: 10.4103/0976-3147.102612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Euphorbia pulcherrima (EP) belongs to the family: Euphorbiaceae and Genus: Euphorbia. Many species of Euphorbia have been reported as having beneficial properties like anticonvulsive effect, central analgesic properties, antipyretic action, central depressant action and strong sedative effect. However, little study has been done and published on EP. AIMS To observe and evaluate various neuropharmacological effects like antinociceptive effect, anticonvulsant effect, motor in-coordination, pentobarbital induced sleeping time and behavioral responses of EP in mice and rats. SETTING AND DESIGN Quantitative experimental study in mice and rats by various experimental models. MATERIALS AND METHODS Different experimental models were used to assess the antinociceptive effect (hotplate, tail flick and acetic acid induced writhing test), anticonvulsant effect (Maximal Electroshock Seizure test [MES] and Pentylenetetrazole induced seizures [PTZ]), motor in-coordination effect (Rota rod test), pentobarbital induced sleeping time and behavioral responses of EP in mice and rats after oral administration of EP crude dried extracts in three different doses (250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg). STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED The significance of difference with respect to control was evaluated using the Mann-Whitney U test. A probability (P-value) level less than 0.05 was considered as significant. RESULTS In MES test model, duration of tonic hind limb extension in mice treated with EP was significantly less as compared to vehicle treated group. EP was most effective in a dose of 1000 mg/kg. There was also significant increase in the latency and decrease in the incidence of convulsions with the use of EP in three different doses in PTZ induced seizure model. CONCLUSIONS This study showed EP (crude dried) extracts to possess anticonvulsant properties but no effect on motor co-ordination and anxiety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kundan Kr Singh
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Sunsari, Nepal
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
97
|
Paula-Freire LIG, Andersen ML, Molska GR, Köhn DO, Carlini ELA. Evaluation of the Antinociceptive Activity ofOcimum gratissimumL. (Lamiaceae) Essential Oil and its isolated Active Principles in Mice. Phytother Res 2012; 27:1220-4. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.4845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2011] [Revised: 08/17/2012] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - M. L. Andersen
- Departamento de Psicobiologia; Universidade Federal de São Paulo; Brazil
| | - G. R. Molska
- Departamento de Psicobiologia; Universidade Federal de São Paulo; Brazil
| | - D. O. Köhn
- Departamento de Psicobiologia; Universidade Federal de São Paulo; Brazil
| | - E. L. A. Carlini
- Departamento de Psicobiologia; Universidade Federal de São Paulo; Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
98
|
Kamatou GP, Vermaak I, Viljoen AM. Eugenol--from the remote Maluku Islands to the international market place: a review of a remarkable and versatile molecule. Molecules 2012; 17:6953-81. [PMID: 22728369 PMCID: PMC6268661 DOI: 10.3390/molecules17066953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2012] [Revised: 05/18/2012] [Accepted: 05/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Eugenol is a major volatile constituent of clove essential oil obtained through hydrodistillation of mainly Eugenia caryophyllata (=Syzygium aromaticum) buds and leaves. It is a remarkably versatile molecule incorporated as a functional ingredient in numerous products and has found application in the pharmaceutical, agricultural, fragrance, flavour, cosmetic and various other industries. Its vast range of pharmacological activities has been well-researched and includes antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-oxidant and anticancer activities, amongst others. In addition, it is widely used in agricultural applications to protect foods from micro-organisms during storage, which might have an effect on human health, and as a pesticide and fumigant. As a functional ingredient, it is included in many dental preparations and it has also been shown to enhance skin permeation of various drugs. Eugenol is considered safe as a food additive but due to the wide range of different applications, extensive use and availability of clove oil, it is pertinent to discuss the general toxicity with special reference to contact dermatitis. This review summarises the pharmacological, agricultural and other applications of eugenol with specific emphasis on mechanism of action as well as toxicity data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alvaro M. Viljoen
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; ; Tel.: +27-12-382-6360; Fax: +27-12-382-6243
| |
Collapse
|
99
|
Prasad S, Sung B, Aggarwal BB. Age-associated chronic diseases require age-old medicine: role of chronic inflammation. Prev Med 2012; 54 Suppl:S29-37. [PMID: 22178471 PMCID: PMC3340492 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2011.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2011] [Accepted: 11/30/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Most chronic diseases--such as cancer, cardiovascular disease (CVD), Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease, arthritis, diabetes and obesity--are becoming leading causes of disability and death all over the world. Some of the most common causes of these age-associated chronic diseases are lack of physical activity, poor nutrition, tobacco use, and excessive alcohol consumption. All the risk factors linked to these chronic diseases have been shown to up-regulate inflammation. Therefore, downregulation of inflammation-associated risk factors could prevent or delay these age-associated diseases. Although modern science has developed several drugs for treating chronic diseases, most of these drugs are enormously expensive and are associated with serious side effects and morbidity. In this review, we present evidence on how chronic inflammation leads to age-associated chronic disease. Furthermore, we discuss diet and lifestyle as solutions for age-associated chronic disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sahdeo Prasad
- Cytokine Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Bokyung Sung
- Cytokine Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Bharat B. Aggarwal
- Cytokine Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| |
Collapse
|
100
|
Kang CH, Choi YH, Park SY, Kim GY. Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Methanol Extract of Codium fragile in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated RAW 264.7 Cells. J Med Food 2012; 15:44-50. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2010.1540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Hee Kang
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea
| | - Yung Hyun Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Oriental Medicine, Dongeui University, Busan, Korea
| | - Sung-Yong Park
- OTTOGI Research Institute, OTTOGI Ltd., Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Gi-Young Kim
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea
| |
Collapse
|