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Al-Attar AM, Alrobai AA, Almalki DA. Protective effect of olive and juniper leaves extracts on nephrotoxicity induced by thioacetamide in male mice. Saudi J Biol Sci 2017; 24:15-22. [PMID: 28053566 PMCID: PMC5198929 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2015.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This study, for the first time, evaluates the effect of olive and juniper leaves extracts and their combination on thioacetamide (TAA)-induced nephrotoxicity in male mice. The experimental mice were divided into eight groups. Group 1 was served as control. Group 2 was exposed to TAA. Group 3 was treated with TAA and olive leaves extract. Group 4 was subjected to TAA and juniper leaves extract. Group 5 was exposed to TAA and olive and juniper leaves extracts. Groups 6, 7 and 8 were treated with olive, juniper, and olive and juniper leaves extracts respectively. In mice treated with only TAA, significant increases of blood urea nitrogen and uric acid were observed after six weeks. Moreover, levels of serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen and uric acid were statistically increased in mice administrated with only TAA for twelve weeks. Insignificant alterations in levels of these haematobiochemical parameters were noted in other treated groups after six and twelve weeks. Histopathological evaluations of renal sections from mice treated with only TAA for twelve weeks showed severe damage of the renal corpuscles. Furthermore, the renal sections from mice treated with TAA and olive leaves extract, TAA and juniper leaves extract, TAA and olive and juniper leaves extracts, olive leaves extract, juniper leaves extract, and olive and juniper leaves extracts showed normal structures. In addition, it is conceivable therefore, that these extracts exhibit protective influences against TAA-induced nephrotoxicity, probably mediated through the antioxidative pathway roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atef M Al-Attar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 139109, Jeddah 21323, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali A Alrobai
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 139109, Jeddah 21323, Saudi Arabia
| | - Daklallah A Almalki
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 139109, Jeddah 21323, Saudi Arabia
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Bigagli E, Cinci L, Paccosi S, Parenti A, D'Ambrosio M, Luceri C. Nutritionally relevant concentrations of resveratrol and hydroxytyrosol mitigate oxidative burst of human granulocytes and monocytes and the production of pro-inflammatory mediators in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Int Immunopharmacol 2016; 43:147-155. [PMID: 27998828 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2016.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The health benefits of bio-active phenolic compounds have been largely investigated in vitro at concentrations which exceed those reachable in vivo. We investigated and compared the anti-inflammatory effects of resveratrol, hydroxytyrosol and oleuropein at physiologically relevant concentrations by using in vitro models of inflammation. Human granulocytes and monocytes were stimulated with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) and the ability of resveratrol, hydroxytyrosol and oleuropein to inhibit the oxidative burst and CD11b expression was measured. Nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels, COX-2, iNOS, TNFα, IL-1β and miR-146a expression and activation of the transcription factor Nrf2 were evaluated in macrophages RAW 264.7 stimulated with LPS (1μg/ml) for 18h, exposed to resveratrol, hydroxytyrosol and oleuropein (5 and 10μM). Synergistic effects were explored as well, together with the levels of PGE2, COX-2 and IL-1β expression in macrophages after 6h of LPS stimulation. PGE2 and COX-2 expression were also assessed on human monocytes. All the tested compounds inhibited granulocytes oxidative burst in a concentration dependent manner and CD11b expression was also significantly counteracted by resveratrol and hydroxytyrosol. The measurement of oxidative burst in human monocytes produced similar effects being resveratrol more active. Hydroxytyrosol and resveratrol inhibited the production of NO and PGE2 but did not reduce iNOS, TNFα or IL-1β gene expression in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 for 18h. Resveratrol slightly decreased COX-2 expression after 18h but not after 6h, but reduced PGE2 levels after 6h. Resveratrol and hydroxytyrosol 10μM induced NRf2 nuclear translocation and reduced miR-146a expression in LPS treated RAW 264.7. Overall, we reported an anti-inflammatory effect of resveratrol and hydroxytyrosol at low, nutritionally relevant concentrations, involving the inhibition of granulocytes and monocytes activation, the modulation of miR-146a expression and the activation of Nrf2. A regular dietary intake of resveratrol and hydroxytyrosol may be a useful complementary strategy to control inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Bigagli
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, NEUROFARBA - Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Viale G. Pieraccini 6, Florence, Italy.
| | - Lorenzo Cinci
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, NEUROFARBA - Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Viale G. Pieraccini 6, Florence, Italy
| | - Sara Paccosi
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Viale G. Pieraccini 6, Florence, Italy
| | - Astrid Parenti
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Viale G. Pieraccini 6, Florence, Italy
| | - Mario D'Ambrosio
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, NEUROFARBA - Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Viale G. Pieraccini 6, Florence, Italy
| | - Cristina Luceri
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, NEUROFARBA - Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Viale G. Pieraccini 6, Florence, Italy
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Salta F, Mylona A, Chiou A, Boskou G, Andrikopoulos N. Oxidative Stability of Edible Vegetable Oils Enriched in Polyphenols with Olive Leaf Extract. FOOD SCI TECHNOL INT 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/1082013208089563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Commercially available oils (olive oil, sunflower oil, palm oil, and a vegetable shortening) were enriched in polyphenols, by adding olive leaf extract. Addition of the extract was performed in such way that the oils were enriched with 200 mg/kg polyphenols. Total polyphenols of both enriched and commercial oils were estimated by the Folin—Ciocalteau assay, while identification and quantification of individual simple phenolic compounds was performed by GC/MS and of oleuropein by HPLC analysis. The enrichment resulted in the supplementation of the commercial oils mainly with oleuropein, hydroxytyrosol, and quercetin. Antioxidant capacity and oxidative stability of the enriched oils and the commercial ones were assessed by the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH•) scavenging assay and the Rancimat method, respectively. Both antioxidant capacity and oxidative stability were substantially improved for all the oils studied after supplementation. By the procedure adopted, oils rich in polyphenols, mainly in oleuropein, can be produced with olive leaf extract supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- F.N. Salta
- Laboratory of Chemistry - Biochemistry - Physical Chemistry of Foods Department of the Science of Dietetics - Nutrition, Harokopio University 70 El. Venizelou Ave., 176 71 Kallithea, Athens, Greece
| | - A. Mylona
- Laboratory of Chemistry - Biochemistry - Physical Chemistry of Foods Department of the Science of Dietetics - Nutrition, Harokopio University 70 El. Venizelou Ave., 176 71 Kallithea, Athens, Greece
| | - A. Chiou
- Laboratory of Chemistry - Biochemistry - Physical Chemistry of Foods Department of the Science of Dietetics - Nutrition, Harokopio University 70 El. Venizelou Ave., 176 71 Kallithea, Athens, Greece
| | - G. Boskou
- Laboratory of Chemistry - Biochemistry - Physical Chemistry of Foods Department of the Science of Dietetics - Nutrition, Harokopio University 70 El. Venizelou Ave., 176 71 Kallithea, Athens, Greece
| | - N.K. Andrikopoulos
- Laboratory of Chemistry - Biochemistry - Physical Chemistry of Foods Department of the Science of Dietetics - Nutrition, Harokopio University 70 El. Venizelou Ave., 176 71 Kallithea, Athens, Greece,
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Şimşek T, Altınışık U, Erşan İ, Şahin H, Altınışık B, Erbaş M, Pala Ç. Prevention of intraocular pressure elevation with oleuropein rich diet in rabbits, during the general anaesthesia. SPRINGERPLUS 2016; 5:952. [PMID: 27386396 PMCID: PMC4929104 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-016-2402-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Oleuropein is known to have anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. An important aim of anesthetic management in ocular surgery is to keep the intraocular pressure under control. Studies have researched a variety of prophylactic materials used to prevent increases in intraocular pressure. We aimed to research the effects of oleuropein on intraocular pressure (IOP) during general anaesthesia. Methods Fourteen New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into two groups of seven. The rabbits in Group O were given olive leaf extract (OLE) equivalent to a daily dose of 20 mg/kg oleuropein for 15 days. HPLC method used for oleuropein standardization. For anaesthesia induction 1 mg/kg rocuronium was given and after muscle relaxation all animals had a V-gel Rabbit inserted. Anesthetic maintenance was provided by 1 MAC isoflurane. Twenty minutes after rabbits were given 10 mg/kg ketamine, basal IOP values were measured. After the V-gel rabbit was inserted, in the 5th, 10th, 20th, 25th and 30th minutes measurements were repeated. Results IOP data variation of OLE group was compared with control group and the measured levels were lower in Group O during the anaesthesia. IOP was 33.8 ± 4 mmHg in Group C and 24.1 ± 8 mmHg in Group O in 25th minute and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant at this time. Conclusion We observed that consumption of prophylactic OLE had a reducing effect on IOP in the period before waking in anaesthesia. We believe it is necessary to investigate the effects of OLE on IOP in broad participation patient groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuncer Şimşek
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Medical Faculty of Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Uğur Altınışık
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Medical Faculty of Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - İsmail Erşan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty of Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Hasan Şahin
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Medical Faculty of Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Betül Altınışık
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Medical Faculty of Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Mesut Erbaş
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Medical Faculty of Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Çiğdem Pala
- Department of Food Engineering, Engineering Faculty of Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey
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Talhaoui N, Vezza T, Gómez-Caravaca AM, Fernández-Gutiérrez A, Gálvez J, Segura-Carretero A. Phenolic compounds and in vitro immunomodulatory properties of three Andalusian olive leaf extracts. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Seçme M, Eroğlu C, Dodurga Y, Bağcı G. Investigation of anticancer mechanism of oleuropein via cell cycle and apoptotic pathways in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. Gene 2016; 585:93-99. [PMID: 27032461 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is one of the most common types of pediatric tumors that can spread quickly in neuronal tissues. Oleuropein which is active compound of olive leaves, belongs to polyphenols group and has antioxidant, anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, anti-hypertensive and anti-carcinogenic effects. The aim of the study is to determine the therapeutic effects of oleuropein on cell proliferation, invasion, colony formation, cell cycle and apoptotic mechanisms in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell line under in vitro conditions. The effect of oleuropein on cell viability was determined by XTT method. 84 cell cycle control and 84 apoptosis related genes were evaluated by RT-PCR. Effects of oleuropein on apoptosis were researched by TUNEL assay. Protein expressions were determined by western blot analysis. Effects of oleuropein on cell invasion, colony formation and migration were detected by matrigel-chamber, colony formation assay and wound-healing assay, respectively. IC50 value of oleuropein in SH-SY5Y cells was detected as 350 μM at 48th hours. It is determined that oleuropein causes cell cycle arrest by down-regulating of CylinD1,CylinD2,CyclinD3,CDK4,CDK6 and up-regulating of p53 and CDKN2A, CDKN2B, CDKN1A gene expressions. Oleuropein also induces apoptosis by inhibiting of Bcl-2 and activating of Bax,caspase-9 and caspase-3 gene expressions. Apoptotic cell ratio was found 36.4 ± 3.27% in oleuropein dose group. Oleuropein decreased invasion in SH-SY5Y cells and suppressed colony numbers in ratio of 53.6 ± 4.71%.Our results demonstrated that oleuropein can be a therapeutic agent in the treatment of neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mücahit Seçme
- Pamukkale University, School of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Canan Eroğlu
- Necmettin Erbakan University, School of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Konya, Turkey
| | - Yavuz Dodurga
- Pamukkale University, School of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Denizli, Turkey.
| | - Gülseren Bağcı
- Pamukkale University, School of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Denizli, Turkey
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57
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Cheng JS, Chou CT, Liu YY, Sun WC, Shieh P, Kuo DH, Kuo CC, Jan CR, Liang WZ. The effect of oleuropein from olive leaf (Olea europaea) extract on Ca²⁺ homeostasis, cytotoxicity, cell cycle distribution and ROS signaling in HepG2 human hepatoma cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 91:151-66. [PMID: 27016494 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Oleuropein, a phenolic compound found in the olive leaf (Olea europaea), has been shown to have biological activities in different models. However, the effects of oleuropein on Ca(2+) homeostasis, cytotoxicity, cell cycle distribution and ROS signaling in liver cells have not been analyzed. Oleuropein induced [Ca(2+)]i rises only in HepG2 cells but not in AML12, HA22T or HA59T cells due to the different status of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase expression. In HepG2 cells, this Ca(2+) signaling response was reduced by removing extracellular Ca(2+), and was inhibited by the store-operated Ca(2+) channel blockers 2-APB and SKF96365. In Ca(2+)-free medium, pretreatment with the ER Ca(2+) pump inhibitor thapsigargin abolished oleuropein-induced [Ca(2+)]i rises. Oleuropein induced cell cycle arrest which was associated with the regulation of p53, p21, CDK1 and cyclin B1 levels. Furthermore, oleuropein elevated intracellular ROS levels but reduced GSH levels. Treatment with the intracellular Ca(2+) chelator BAPTA-AM or the antioxidant NAC partially reversed oleuropein-induced cytotoxicity. Together, in HepG2 cells, oleuropein induced [Ca(2+)]i rises by releasing Ca(2+) from the ER and causing Ca(2+) influx through store-operated Ca(2+) channels. Moreover, oleuropein induced Ca(2+)-associated cytotoxicity that involved ROS signaling and cell cycle arrest. This compound may offer a potential therapy for treatment of human hepatoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Shiung Cheng
- Department of Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan
| | - Chiang-Ting Chou
- Department of Nursing, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chia-Yi 613, Taiwan; Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chia-Yi 613, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Yuarn Liu
- Division of Trauma, Department of Emergency, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chih Sun
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan
| | - Pochuen Shieh
- Department of Pharmacy, Tajen University, Pingtung 907, Taiwan
| | - Daih-Huang Kuo
- Department of Pharmacy, Tajen University, Pingtung 907, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chi Kuo
- Department of Nursing, Tzu Hui Institute of Technology, Pingtung 907, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Ren Jan
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Zhe Liang
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan.
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Mkaouar S, Gelicus A, Bahloul N, Allaf K, Kechaou N. Kinetic study of polyphenols extraction from olive (Olea europaea L.) leaves using instant controlled pressure drop texturing. Sep Purif Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Panahi Y, Izadi M, Sayyadi N, Rezaee R, Jonaidi-Jafari N, Beiraghdar F, Zamani A, Sahebkar A. Comparative trial of Aloe vera/olive oil combination cream versus phenytoin cream in the treatment of chronic wounds. J Wound Care 2015; 24:459-60, 462-5. [DOI: 10.12968/jowc.2015.24.10.459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Y. Panahi
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M. Izadi
- Health Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - N. Sayyadi
- Pharmaceutical Consultant, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - R. Rezaee
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - N. Jonaidi-Jafari
- Health Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - F. Beiraghdar
- Nephrology and Urology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - A. Zamani
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - A. Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Metabolic Research Centre, Royal Perth Hospital, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
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Kubo H, Shibato J, Saito T, Ogawa T, Rakwal R, Shioda S. Unraveling the Rat Intestine, Spleen and Liver Genome-Wide Transcriptome after the Oral Administration of Lavender Oil by a Two-Color Dye-Swap DNA Microarray Approach. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0129951. [PMID: 26161641 PMCID: PMC4498626 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of lavender oil (LO)--a commonly, used oil in aromatherapy, with well-defined volatile components linalool and linalyl acetate--in non-traditional medicine is increasing globally. To understand and demonstrate the potential positive effects of LO on the body, we have established an animal model in this current study, investigating the orally administered LO effects genome wide in the rat small intestine, spleen, and liver. The rats were administered LO at 5 mg/kg (usual therapeutic dose in humans) followed by the screening of differentially expressed genes in the tissues, using a 4×44-K whole-genome rat chip (Agilent microarray platform; Agilent Technologies, Palo Alto, CA, USA) in conjunction with a dye-swap approach, a novelty of this study. Fourteen days after LO treatment and compared with a control group (sham), a total of 156 and 154 up (≧ 1.5-fold)- and down (≦ 0.75-fold)-regulated genes, 174 and 66 up- (≧ 1.5-fold)- and down (≦ 0.75-fold)-regulated genes, and 222 and 322 up- (≧ 1.5-fold)- and down (≦ 0.75-fold)-regulated genes showed differential expression at the mRNA level in the small intestine, spleen and liver, respectively. The reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) validation of highly up- and down-regulated genes confirmed the regulation of the Papd4, Lrp1b, Alb, Cyr61, Cyp2c, and Cxcl1 genes by LO as examples in these tissues. Using bioinformatics, including Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA), differentially expressed genes were functionally categorized by their Gene Ontology (GO) and biological function and network analysis, revealing their diverse functions and potential roles in LO-mediated effects in rat. Further IPA analysis in particular unraveled the presence of novel genes, such as Papd4, Or8k5, Gprc5b, Taar5, Trpc6, Pld2 and Onecut3 (up-regulated top molecules) and Tnf, Slc45a4, Slc25a23 and Samt4 (down-regulated top molecules), to be influenced by LO treatment in the small intestine, spleen and liver, respectively. These results are the first such inventory of genes that are affected by lavender essential oil (LO) in an animal model, forming the basis for further in-depth bioinformatics and functional analyses and investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Kubo
- Department of Anatomy I, Showa University School of Medicine, Shinagawa, Tokyo, Japan
- Oriental Aromatherapy College, Katsushika, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junko Shibato
- Department of Anatomy I, Showa University School of Medicine, Shinagawa, Tokyo, Japan
- Global Research Center for Innovative Life Science, Peptide Drug Innovation, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, Shinagawa, Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Tomomi Saito
- Department of Anatomy I, Showa University School of Medicine, Shinagawa, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Ogawa
- Department of Anatomy I, Showa University School of Medicine, Shinagawa, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Physiology, Saitama Medical University, Iruma-gun, Saitama, Japan
| | - Randeep Rakwal
- Department of Anatomy I, Showa University School of Medicine, Shinagawa, Tokyo, Japan
- Global Research Center for Innovative Life Science, Peptide Drug Innovation, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, Shinagawa, Tokyo, Japan
- Organization for Educational Initiatives, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences & Tsukuba International Academy for Sport Studies (TIAS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Seiji Shioda
- Department of Anatomy I, Showa University School of Medicine, Shinagawa, Tokyo, Japan
- Global Research Center for Innovative Life Science, Peptide Drug Innovation, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, Shinagawa, Tokyo, Japan
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Pase CS, Teixeira AM, Roversi K, Dias VT, Calabrese F, Molteni R, Franchi S, Panerai AE, Riva MA, Burger ME. Olive oil-enriched diet reduces brain oxidative damages and ameliorates neurotrophic factor gene expression in different life stages of rats. J Nutr Biochem 2015; 26:1200-7. [PMID: 26168701 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2015.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Revised: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Our aim was to assess the influence of maternal diet rich in monounsaturated fatty acids on oxidative and molecular parameters in brains of mouse pups as well as their body weight during their lifetime. Female rats received a diet containing 20% of olive oil-enriched diet (OOED) and a standard diet control diet (CD) in different periods: pregnancy, lactation and after weaning until pups' adulthood. On the last prenatal day (Group 1), embryos from OOED group showed smaller body weight, brain weight and lower levels of sulphydryl groups glutathione reduced (GSH) in the brain. On postnatal delay-21 (PND21) (Group 2), pups from OOED group showed higher body weight and brain weight, reduced brain weight/body weight ratio and lower brain lipid peroxidation (LP). On PND70 (Group 3), pups from OOED group showed lower brain LP and higher levels of GSH in prefrontal cortex and lower brain levels of reactive species in the hippocampus. Interestingly, the group of animals whose diet was modified from OOED to CD on PND21 showed greater weight gain compared to the group that remained in the same original diet (OOED) until adulthood. Furthermore, OOED consumption during pregnancy and lactation significantly increased BDNF only, as well as its main transcripts exon IV and VI mRNA levels in the prefrontal cortex. In addition, OOED significantly up-regulated FGF-2 mRNA levels in the prefrontal cortex. These findings open a pioneering line of investigation about dietary adjunctive therapeutic strategies and the potential of healthy dietary habits to prevent neonatal conditions and their influence on adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Simonetti Pase
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia-Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Karine Roversi
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia-Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Verônica Tironi Dias
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia-Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Francesca Calabrese
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences-University of Milan, Italy
| | - Raffaella Molteni
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences-University of Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Franchi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences-University of Milan, Italy
| | | | - Marco Andrea Riva
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences-University of Milan, Italy
| | - Marilise Escobar Burger
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia-Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia-Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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62
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Adsorption behaviors for oleuropein from olive leaves extracts by porous materials with carbon nanotubes. Colloid Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-015-3643-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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63
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van der Stelt I, Hoek-van den Hil EF, Swarts HJ, Vervoort JJ, Hoving L, Skaltsounis L, Lemonakis N, Andreadou I, van Schothorst EM, Keijer J. Nutraceutical oleuropein supplementation prevents high fat diet-induced adiposity in mice. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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Reduced pressure extraction of oleuropein from olive leaves (Olea europaea L.) with ultrasound assistance. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2013.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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65
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Khalil MM, Ismail EH, El-Baghdady KZ, Mohamed D. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using olive leaf extract and its antibacterial activity. ARAB J CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2013.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 259] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Wong RHX, Garg ML, Wood LG, Howe PRC. Antihypertensive potential of combined extracts of olive leaf, green coffee bean and beetroot: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial. Nutrients 2014; 6:4881-94. [PMID: 25379688 PMCID: PMC4245569 DOI: 10.3390/nu6114881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Revised: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracts of olive leaf, green coffee bean and beetroot may deliver cardiovascular benefits. This study sought to evaluate the effects of regularly consuming a combination of these extracts on blood pressure (BP), arterial compliance, blood lipids, blood glucose and insulin sensitivity. A double-blind randomised placebo-controlled crossover trial was conducted in adults with untreated high normal or borderline elevated BP. They were randomised to take an active supplement, comprising 500 mg olive leaf extract, 100 mg green coffee bean extract and 150 mg beet powder, or a matching placebo twice daily for six weeks, followed by the alternate supplement for a further six weeks. Assessments of 24-h ambulatory BP (ABP), clinic BP arterial compliance (pulse-wave analysis), blood lipids, blood glucose and insulin were obtained at baseline and at the end of each treatment phase. Baseline clinic BP in 37 overweight middle-aged men and women who completed the trial averaged 145/84 mmHg. There was no significant effect of treatment on ABP or any other outcome measure. The failure to confirm prior evidence of the antihypertensive benefits of these extracts emphasises the importance of placebo control and the value of ABP monitoring. Further dose-response evaluation of olive leaf, green coffee bean or beetroot extracts is required to confirm or refute the purported benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel H X Wong
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre and Nutraceuticals Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - Manohar L Garg
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre and Nutraceuticals Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - Lisa G Wood
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre and Nutraceuticals Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - Peter R C Howe
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre and Nutraceuticals Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
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67
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Al-Attar AM, Shawush NA. Physiological investigations on the effect of olive and rosemary leaves extracts in male rats exposed to thioacetamide. Saudi J Biol Sci 2014; 21:473-80. [PMID: 25313283 PMCID: PMC4191576 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2014.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Physiologically, it is known that thioacetamide (TAA) toxicity is generally associated with hepatic fibrosis induction, complicated metabolic disorders and health problems. The capability of extracts of olive and rosemary leaves to attenuate the severe physiological disturbances induced by thioacetamide (TAA) intoxication in male rats has been evaluated. Healthy male Wistar rats were used in the present study and were divided randomly into eight groups. Rats of the first group were served as normal control. Rats of the second group were administrated with TAA. Rats of the third, fourth and fifth groups were exposed to TAA plus olive leaves extract, TAA plus rosemary leaves extract and TAA plus olive and rosemary leaves extracts respectively. The sixth, seventh and eighth groups were supplemented with olive leaves extract, rosemary leaves extract, and olive and rosemary leaves extracts respectively. After 12 weeks of experimental treatments, the levels of serum glucose, total protein, albumin and high density lipoprotein cholesterol were significantly decreased, while the levels of triglycerides, cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, very low density lipoprotein cholesterol, creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase were statistically increased in rats exposed to TAA. Administration of the studied extracts inhibited the hematobiochemical parameters and improved the physiological disturbances induced by TAA intoxication. Additionally, most improvements were noted in rats administrated with rosemary leaves extract followed by olive and rosemary leaves extracts and olive leaves extract. These results suggested that the effect of these extracts might be due to their antioxidant activities against TAA toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atef M. Al-Attar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 139109, Jeddah 21323, Saudi Arabia
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68
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Oleuropein potently inhibits mammalian target of rapamycin: possible involvement of tandem anomeric hyperconjugation–Michael reaction. Med Chem Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-014-1168-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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69
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Mohamadi M, Mostafavi A, Torkzadeh-Mahani M. Electrochemical determination of biophenol oleuropein using a simple label-free DNA biosensor. Bioelectrochemistry 2014; 101:52-7. [PMID: 25087151 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2014.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2013] [Revised: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/13/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Oleuropein (Ole), naturally occurring phenolic compound found in olive products, is well known for its benefits for human health. In the present work, a simple, sensitive and rapid determination of Ole was achieved using a label-free electrochemical DNA biosensor. The application was related to the molecular interaction between Ole and double-stranded DNA (dsDNA). So, the voltammetric behavior of Ole at the surface of a DNA-immobilized chitosan-modified carbon paste electrode was studied using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) where the oxidation peak current of Ole was measured as an analytical signal. A considerable increase was observed in the oxidation signal of Ole at the DNA-coated electrode compared with the DNA-free electrode, indicating the pre-concentration of Ole due to the interaction with the surface-confined DNA layer. In order to use the proposed sensor for real samples, different parameters affecting Ole signal such as, immobilization time and potential, accumulation time and pH, and stripping pH were optimized. Under optimized experimental conditions, a linear concentration range of 0.30-12μmolL(-1) with a detection limit of 0.090μmolL(-1) was obtained for Ole determination. The proposed biosensor was successfully applied to the determination of Ole in olive leaf extract and human serum samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Mohamadi
- Department of Chemistry, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran; Young Research Society, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Ali Mostafavi
- Department of Chemistry, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Masoud Torkzadeh-Mahani
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Science, High Technology and Environmental Science, Graduate University of Advance Technology, Kerman, Iran.
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Boriollo MFG, Souza LS, Resende MR, da Silva TA, Oliveira NDMS, Resck MCC, Dias CTDS, Fiorini JE. Nongenotoxic effects and a reduction of the DXR-induced genotoxic effects of Helianthus annuus Linné (sunflower) seeds revealed by micronucleus assays in mouse bone marrow. Altern Ther Health Med 2014; 14:121. [PMID: 24694203 PMCID: PMC3992159 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background This research evaluated the genotoxicity of oil and tincture of H. annuus L. seeds using the micronucleus assay in bone marrow of mice. The interaction between these preparations and the genotoxic effects of doxorubicin (DXR) was also analysed (antigenotoxicity test). Methods Experimental groups were evaluated at 24-48 h post treatment with N-Nitroso-N-ethylurea (positive control – NEU), DXR (chemotherapeutic), NaCl (negative control), a sunflower tincture (THALS) and two sources of sunflower oils (POHALS and FOHALS). Antigenotoxic assays were carried out using the sunflower tincture and oils separately and in combination with NUE or DXR. Results For THALS, analysis of the MNPCEs showed no significant differences between treatment doses (250–2,000 mg.Kg-1) and NaCl. A significant reduction in MNPCE was observed when THALS (2,000 mg.Kg-1) was administered in combination with DXR (5 mg.Kg-1). For POHALS or FOHALS, analysis of the MNPCEs also showed no significant differences between treatment doses (250–2,000 mg.Kg-1) and NaCl. However, the combination DXR + POHALS (2,000 mg.Kg-1) or DXR + FOHALS (2,000 mg.Kg-1) not contributed to the MNPCEs reduction. Conclusions This research suggests absence of genotoxicity of THALS, dose-, time- and sex-independent, and its combination with DXR can reduce the genotoxic effects of DXR. POHALS and FOHALS also showed absence of genotoxicity, but their association with DXR showed no antigenotoxic effects.
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71
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Kayser O, Masihi KN, Kiderlen AF. Natural products and synthetic compounds as immunomodulators. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2014; 1:319-35. [PMID: 15482127 DOI: 10.1586/14787210.1.2.319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Research on immunomodulation by natural products or synthetic derivatives is of key interest for anti-infective therapy for a number of reasons. Many plant remedies well-known in traditional medicine or refined natural products in clinical use exert their anti-infective effects not only (if at all) by directly affecting the pathogen. At least part of their effect is indirect, by stimulating natural and adaptive defense mechanisms of the host. These findings have now given many empirical therapies a rationale, scientific basis and thereby a means for 'intelligent' improvement. In discovering the molecular mechanisms by which known remedies exert their effects, chosen elements further down the 'chain of command' might be synthesized and applied directly for more rapid and selective cure, omitting unwanted side effects. The direct use of recombinant cytokines, often in combination with antibiotics, is one consequence of this rationale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Kayser
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Pharmacy, Berlin, Germany
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72
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Takeda R, Koike T, Taniguchi I, Tanaka K. Double-blind placebo-controlled trial of hydroxytyrosol of Olea europaea on pain in gonarthrosis. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 20:861-864. [PMID: 23746949 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2013.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2012] [Revised: 03/02/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxytyrosol is mainly found in olive leaves after hydrolysis of oleuropein and has anti-oxidant, anti-bacterial, and anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of hydroxytyrosol for alleviating the pain in patients with gonarthrosis. We conducted a double-blind clinical trial in which hydroxytyrosol or placebo was administered to adult patients with gonarthrosis for 4 weeks. The group administered hydroxytyrosol showed significant improvement in the Japanese Orthopedic Association score (pain measurement index) and the visual analog scale score compared to the placebo group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuji Takeda
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kinki University, 3327-204 Nakamachi, Nara 631-8505, Japan
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73
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Inhibiting toxic aggregation of amyloidogenic proteins: a therapeutic strategy for protein misfolding diseases. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2013; 1830:4860-71. [PMID: 23820032 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Revised: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The deposition of self-assembled amyloidogenic proteins is associated with multiple diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The toxic misfolding and self-assembling of amyloidogenic proteins are believed to underlie protein misfolding diseases. Novel drug candidates targeting self-assembled amyloidogenic proteins represent a potential therapeutic approach for protein misfolding diseases. SCOPE OF REVIEW In this perspective review, we provide an overview of the recent progress in identifying inhibitors that block the aggregation of amyloidogenic proteins and the clinical applications thereof. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Compounds such as polyphenols, certain short peptides, and monomer- or oligomer-specific antibodies, can interfere with the self-assembly of amyloidogenic proteins, prevent the formation of oligomers, amyloid fibrils and the consequent cytotoxicity. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Some inhibitors have been tested in clinical trials for treating protein misfolding diseases. Inhibitors that target the aggregation of amyloidogenic proteins bring new hope to therapy for protein misfolding diseases.
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75
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Dub AM, Dugani AM. Antithrombotic effect of repeated doses of the ethanolic extract of local olive (Olea europaea L.) leaves in rabbits. Libyan J Med 2013; 8:20947. [PMID: 23702352 PMCID: PMC3662861 DOI: 10.3402/ljm.v8i0.20947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Revised: 04/17/2013] [Accepted: 04/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of thromboembolic diseases is increasing, and they are a major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Mediterranean diet is known for its high content of olive products, especially olive oil, which has known cardiovascular health benefits, including those on blood pressure, cholesterol level, and thrombogenesis. All previous animal and clinical studies investigating the beneficial antithrombotic effects of olives have focused on olive oil and a few on olive leaves (OLEs). In this study, the ethanolic extract of OLE was evaluated for its antithrombotic activity in the rabbit model of thrombosis induced by ligature of the vena cava and intravenous administration of tissue thromboplastin. Pre-treatment with 100 or 200 mg/kg per day of the ethanolic extract for 8 weeks significantly prolonged the prothrombin time (PT) in comparison to the control group (12.10 ± 0.35 sec and 14.38 ± 0.29 sec vs. 10.8 ± 0.32 sec, p < 0.05 and 0.001, respectively). In comparison to the control group, the same doses had no statistically significant effect on thrombus weight (16.85 ± 0.67 mg, 16.32 ± 0.35 mg, and 17.81 ± 0.75 mg; p = 0.18 and 0.06) or on activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) (19.17 ± 0.33 sec, 19.12 ± 0.73 sec, and 18.97 ± 0.41 sec; p = 0.36 and 0.43, respectively). One important finding in this study concerns thrombus morphology. In the extract treatment groups, the thrombus was filament-like and did not adhere to blood vessel walls, whereas in the control group the thrombus was thick and almost completely occluded the vein. Therefore, these results suggest that OLE ethanolic extract can modify the extrinsic coagulation pathway as evidenced by the prolongation of PT and changes in thrombus morphology, enough to justify further research to evaluate its possible antithrombotic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aisha M. Dugani
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya
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Kyriazis JD, Aligiannis N, Polychronopoulos P, Skaltsounis AL, Dotsika E. Leishmanicidal activity assessment of olive tree extracts. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 20:275-81. [PMID: 23273752 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2012.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2012] [Revised: 10/11/2012] [Accepted: 11/21/2012] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis, a protozoan parasitic disease that remains a major worldwide health problem with high endemicity in developing countries, is prevalent around the Mediterranean basin. High cost, systemic toxicity, and diminished efficacy due to development of parasite resistance are the serious drawbacks of current treatment options. Thus, identifying new, effective, and safer anti-leishmanial drug(s) is of paramount importance. Here we tested the anti-promastigote and anti-amastigote activity of five natural products, including oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol, present in olive tree leaves and olive mill wastewater. These products are recognized as low-cost starting materials rich in bioactive compounds, particularly biophenols. Oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol exhibited the best inhibitory effect among the natural products tested in both stationary and middle logarithmic phase promastigotes of L. infantum, L. donovani, and L. major. Similarly, oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol demonstrated the highest selectivity index ratio against L. donovani amastigotes that parasitize J774A.1 macrophages. Moreover, oleuropein was tested in vivo in an experimental visceral leishmaniasis model. L. donovani-infected BALB/c mice received intraperitoneal oleuropein a total of 14 times at intervals of every other day. Three days after treatment termination, the spleen parasitic burden was reduced >80%. Of interest, this effect of oleuropein persisted and was even enhanced 6 weeks after the termination of the treatment, as determined by parasite depletion of >95% in liver and spleen. These findings contribute to the potential development of natural products as effective drugs against parasites of the Leishmania genus, with low cost and diminished cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joannis D Kyriazis
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, Greece
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77
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Loizzo MR, Di Lecce G, Boselli E, Menichini F, Frega NG. Radical Scavenging, Total Antioxidant Capacity, and Antiproliferative Activity of Phenolic Extracts from Extra Virgin Olive Oil by Cultivar ‘Frantoio’. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2010.522291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Charoenprasert S, Mitchell A. Factors influencing phenolic compounds in table olives (Olea europaea). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:7081-95. [PMID: 22720792 DOI: 10.1021/jf3017699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The Mediterranean diet appears to be associated with a reduced risk of several chronic diseases including cancer and cardiovascular and Alzheimer's diseases. Olive products (mainly olive oil and table olives) are important components of the Mediterranean diet. Olives contain a range of phenolic compounds; these natural antioxidants may contribute to the prevention of these chronic conditions. Consequently, the consumption of table olives and olive oil continues to increase worldwide by health-conscious consumers. There are numerous factors that can affect the phenolics in table olives including the cultivar, degree of ripening, and, importantly, the methods used for curing and processing table olives. The predominant phenolic compound found in fresh olive is the bitter secoiridoid oleuropein. Table olive processing decreases levels of oleuropein with concomitant increases in the hydrolysis products hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol. Many of the health benefits reported for olives are thought to be associated with the levels of hydroxytyrosol. Herein the pre- and post-harvest factors influencing the phenolics in olives, debittering methods, and health benefits of phenolics in table olives are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suthawan Charoenprasert
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
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80
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Rabiei Z, Bigdeli MR, Rasoulian B, Ghassempour A, Mirzajani F. The neuroprotection effect of pretreatment with olive leaf extract on brain lipidomics in rat stroke model. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 19:940-946. [PMID: 22796433 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2012.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2011] [Revised: 04/23/2012] [Accepted: 06/14/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies suggest that olive extracts suppress inflammation and reduce stress oxidative injury. We have attempted to determine the effect of dietary olive leaf extract (OLE) on brain lipidomics in rat stroke model. METHODS Five groups, each consisting of 12 male Wistar rats, were studied. First and second groups (control, and sham) received distilled water, while three treatment groups received oral olive leaf extract (OLE) for 30 days (50, 75 and 100 mg/kg/day, respectively). Two hours after the last dose, each main group was subdivided to Middle cerebral artery occlusion-operated and intact subgroup for assessment of neuropathology (neurologic deficit scores and infarct volume), brain lipid analysis and brain glutathione levels, respectively. RESULTS OLE increased the brain cholesterol ester, cholesterol, cerebroside and phosphatidylcholine levels in doses of 50, 75 and 100 mg/kg/day. OLE increased the brain triglyceride levels in doses of 75 and 100 mg/kg/day and OLE reduced the brain ceramide levels in doses of 50, 75 and 100 mg/kg/day in comparison to the control group (p<0.05). CONCLUSION Although further studies are needed, it seems that the mechanism of OLE-induced ischemic tolerance in rats is partly associated with changes in brain lipids level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Rabiei
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, G.C., Tehran, Iran
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81
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Urpi-Sarda M, Casas R, Chiva-Blanch G, Romero-Mamani ES, Valderas-Martínez P, Arranz S, Andres-Lacueva C, Llorach R, Medina-Remón A, Lamuela-Raventos RM, Estruch R. Virgin olive oil and nuts as key foods of the Mediterranean diet effects on inflammatory biomakers related to atherosclerosis. Pharmacol Res 2012; 65:577-83. [PMID: 22449789 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2012.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2012] [Revised: 03/08/2012] [Accepted: 03/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Previous epidemiological and feeding studies have observed that adherence to Mediterranean diet (Med-Diet) is associated with reduced cardiovascular risk. However, the molecular mechanisms involved are not fully understood. Since atherosclerosis is nowadays considered a low-grade inflammatory disease, recent studies have explored the anti-inflammatory effects of a Med-Diet intervention on serum and cellular biomarkers related to atherosclerosis. In two sub-studies of the PREDIMED (PREvencion con DIeta MEDiterranea) trial, we analyzed the effects at 3 months of two Med-Diet interventions supplemented with either virgin olive oil (VOO) or nuts compared with a control low-fat diet (LFD). Both Med-Diets showed an anti-inflammatory effect reducing serum C-reactive protein, interleukin-6 (IL6) and endothelial and monocytary adhesion molecules and chemokines (P<0.05; all), whereas these parameters increased after the LFD intervention (P<0.05; all). In another substudy, we evaluated the long-term (1 year) effects of these interventions on vascular risk factors in 516 high-risk subjects, as well as the effect of different Med-Diet components in the reduction of these biomarkers. At 1 year, the Med-Diet groups had significant decreases in the plasma concentrations of IL6, tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) 60 and TNFR80 (P<0.05), while intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), TNFR60 and TNFR80 concentrations increased in the LFD group (P<0.002). In addition, those allocated in the highest tertile of VOO and vegetables consumption had a significant diminution of plasma TNFR60 concentration compared with those in tertile 1 (P<0.02). In conclusion, Med-Diet exerts an anti-inflammatory effect on cardiovascular system since it down-regulates cellular and circulating inflammatory biomarkers related to atherogenesis in subjects at high cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireia Urpi-Sarda
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, C/Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
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Bayram B, Ozcelik B, Grimm S, Roeder T, Schrader C, Ernst IMA, Wagner AE, Grune T, Frank J, Rimbach G. A diet rich in olive oil phenolics reduces oxidative stress in the heart of SAMP8 mice by induction of Nrf2-dependent gene expression. Rejuvenation Res 2012; 15:71-81. [PMID: 22236145 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2011.1245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
A Mediterranean diet rich in olive oil has been associated with health benefits in humans. It is unclear if and to what extent olive oil phenolics may mediate these health benefits. In this study, we fed senescence-accelerated mouse-prone 8 (SAMP8, n=11 per group) semisynthetic diets with 10% olive oil containing either high (HP) or low amounts of olive oil phenolics (LP) for 4.5 months. Mice consuming the HP diet had significantly lower concentrations of the oxidative damage markers thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances and protein carbonyls in the heart, whereas proteasomal activity was similar in both groups. Nrf2-dependent gene expression may be impaired during the aging process. Therefore, we measured Nrf2 and its target genes glutathione-S-transferase (GST), γ-glutamyl cysteine synthetase (γ-GCS), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate [NAD(P)H]:quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1), and paraoxonase-2 (PON2) in the hearts of these mice. Nrf2 as well as GST, γ-GCS, NQO1, and PON2 mRNA levels were significantly higher in heart tissue of the HP as compared to the LP group. The HP-fed mice had significantly higher PON1 activity in serum compared to those receiving the LP diet. Furthermore, HP feeding increased relative SIRT1 mRNA levels. Additional mechanistic cell culture experiments were performed, and they suggest that the olive oil phenolic hydroxytyrosol present in the HP oil may be responsible for the induction of Nrf2-dependent gene expression and the increase in PON activity. In conclusion, a diet rich in olive oil phenolics may prevent oxidative stress in the heart of SAMP8 mice by modulating Nrf2-dependent gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banu Bayram
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
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83
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Hassan ZK, Elamin MH, Daghestani MH, Omer SA, Al-Olayan EM, Elobeid MA, Virk P, Mohammed OB. Oleuropein induces anti-metastatic effects in breast cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2012; 13:4555-9. [PMID: 23167379 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2012.13.9.4555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer causes death due to distant metastases in which tumor cells produce matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) enzymes which facilitate invasion. Oleuropein, the main olive oil polyphenol, has anti-proliferative effects. This study aimed to investigate the effect of oleuropein on the metastatic and anti-metastatic gene expression in the MDA human breast cancer cell line. We evaluated the MMPs and TIMPs gene expression by semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in treated and untreated cells. This study demonstrated that OL may induce anti-metastatic effects on human breast cancer cells. We found that TIMP1,-3, and -4 were over-expressed after all periods of incubation in treated cancer cells compared to untreated cells, while MMP2 and MMP9 genes were down-regulated, at least initially. Treatment of breast cancer cells with oleuropein could help in prevention of cancer metastasis by increasing the TIMPs and suppressing the MMPs gene expressions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab K Hassan
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, University Centre for Women Students, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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84
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Herrero M, Temirzoda TN, Segura-Carretero A, Quirantes R, Plaza M, Ibañez E. New possibilities for the valorization of olive oil by-products. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:7511-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.04.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2011] [Revised: 04/01/2011] [Accepted: 04/18/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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85
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Anter J, Fernández-Bedmar Z, Villatoro-Pulido M, Demyda-Peyras S, Moreno-Millán M, Alonso-Moraga Á, Muñoz-Serrano A, Luque de Castro MD. A pilot study on the DNA-protective, cytotoxic, and apoptosis-inducing properties of olive-leaf extracts. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2011; 723:165-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2011.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2010] [Revised: 01/11/2011] [Accepted: 04/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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86
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Gong D, Geng C, Jiang L, Wang L, Yoshimura H, Zhong L. Mechanisms of olive leaf extract-ameliorated rat arthritis caused by kaolin and carrageenan. Phytother Res 2011; 26:397-402. [PMID: 21796704 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.3567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2011] [Revised: 04/19/2011] [Accepted: 05/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Olive leaf extract (OLE) has antioxidant and antiinflammatory actions. However, the role of OLE in mechanical inflammatory arthritis (osteoarthritis, OA) is unclear. This study investigated the effect of OLE on the development of kaolin and carrageenan-induced arthritis, a murine model of OA. Administration of OLE significantly ameliorated paw swelling, the paw Evans blue content and the histopathological scores. In the human monocyte cell line, THP-1, the OLE reduced the LPS-induced TNF-α production and was dose dependent. Croton oil-induced ear edema in mice also revealed that treatment with OLE suppressed ear edema, myeloperoxidase (MPO) production and was dose dependent. These results indicated that OLE is an effective antiarthritis agent through an antiinflammation mechanism. Also OLE may be beneficial for the treatment of OA in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dezheng Gong
- China-Japanese Joint Institute for Medical and Pharmaceutical Science, Dalian Medical University, No. 9, West Segment of South Lvshun Road, Dalian 116044, China
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87
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Methanolic extract of leaves of Jasminum grandiflorum Linn modulates oxidative stress and inflammatory mediators. Inflammopharmacology 2011; 19:273-81. [DOI: 10.1007/s10787-011-0087-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2010] [Accepted: 06/02/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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88
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Chebbi Mahjoub R, Khemiss M, Dhidah M, Dellaï A, Bouraoui A, Khemiss F. Chloroformic and Methanolic Extracts of Olea europaea L. Leaves Present Anti-Inflammatory and Analgesic Activities. ISRN PHARMACOLOGY 2011; 2011:564972. [PMID: 22084717 PMCID: PMC3196246 DOI: 10.5402/2011/564972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2011] [Accepted: 04/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Olea europaea L. is used in traditional medicine in the Mediterranean areas. Its natural products are used in the treatment of different disorders, like fighting fever and some infectious diseases such as malaria, the treatment of arrhythmia, and relief of intestinal spasms.
The aim of the current study is to investigate the possible anti-inflammatory and anatinociceptive effects of methanol and chloroformic extracts prepared from leaves of Olea europaea L. The anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects of the different extracts of Olea europaea leaves were assessed after intraperitoneal administration into rats and mice, using the carrageenan-induced paw edema model in rats to test the anti-inflammatory effect and the acetic acid-induced writhing in mice to test the analgesic effect. The chloroformic and methanolic leaves extracts, studied at the doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg (Body Weight: BW), exhibited significant dose-dependent anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities.
Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that Olea europaea leaves extracts
have anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Chebbi Mahjoub
- Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
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89
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Mohagheghi F, Bigdeli MR, Rasoulian B, Hashemi P, Pour MR. The neuroprotective effect of olive leaf extract is related to improved blood-brain barrier permeability and brain edema in rat with experimental focal cerebral ischemia. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 18:170-175. [PMID: 21183324 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2010.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2009] [Revised: 05/12/2010] [Accepted: 06/08/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that olive extracts suppress inflammation and reduce stress oxidative injury. We sought to extend these observations in an in vivo study of rat cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Four groups, each of 18 Wister rats, were studied. One (control) group received distilled water, while three treatment groups received oral olive leaf extract (50, 75 and 100mg/kg/day respectively). After 30 days, blood lipid profiles were determined, before a 60 min period of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). After 24h reperfusion, neurological deficit scores, infarct volume, brain edema, and blood-brain barrier permeability were each assessed in subgroups of six animals drawn from each main group. Olive leaf extract reduced the LDL/HDL ratio in doses 50, 75, and 100mg/kg/day in comparison to the control group (P<0.001), and offered cerebroprotection from ischemia-reperfusion. For controls vs. doses of 50mg/kg/day vs. 75 mg/kg/day vs. 100mg/kg/day, attenuated corrected infarct volumes were 209.79 ± 33.05 mm(3) vs. 164.36 ± 13.44 mm(3) vs. 123.06 ± 28.83 mm(3) vs. 94.71 ± 33.03 mm(3); brain water content of the infarcted hemisphere 82.33 ± 0.33% vs. 81.33 ± 0.66% vs. 80.75 ± 0.6% vs. 80.16 ± 0.47%, and blood-brain barrier permeability of the infarcted hemisphere 11.22 ± 2.19 μg/g vs. 9.56 ± 1.74 μg/g vs. 6.99 ± 1.48 μg/g vs. 5.94 ± 1.73 μg/g tissue (P<0.05 and P<0.01 for measures in doses 75 and 100mg/kg/day vs. controls respectively). Oral administration of olive leaf extract reduces infarct volume, brain edema, blood-brain barrier permeability, and improves neurologic deficit scores after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Mohagheghi
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, G.C. Tehran, Iran
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90
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Rescifina A, Chiacchio U, Iannazzo D, Piperno A, Romeo G. β-cyclodextrin and caffeine complexes with natural polyphenols from olive and olive oils: NMR, thermodynamic, and molecular modeling studies. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:11876-11882. [PMID: 21047064 DOI: 10.1021/jf1028366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Complexes of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) and caffeine (Caf) with biophenols present in olive and olive oil (tyrosol, hydroxytyrosol, homovanillic acid, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, and protocatechuic acid) were investigated by NMR spectroscopy and thermodynamical-molecular dynamic studies to verify the formation of supermolecular aggregates. The obtained results indicated that the investigated biophenols form inclusion complexes with β-CD in a molar ratio of 1:1 in aqueous solution having binding constant values from 10- to 40-fold bigger than those of the corresponding complexes with Caf. Then, β-CD preferentially encloses the biophenol molecule, decreasing its bitter taste and, at the same time, preserving it against chemical and physical decomposition reactions that occur during storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Rescifina
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy.
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91
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Bouaziz M, Jemai H, Khabou W, Sayadi S. Oil content, phenolic profiling and antioxidant potential of Tunisian olive drupes. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2010; 90:1750-1758. [PMID: 20564435 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.4013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of the maturation process of the olive fruit on oil content, phenolic profile and antioxidant activity of four Tunisian cultivars (Zelmati, Chemchali, Chemlali and Chétoui). RESULTS The average oil content of the studied varieties ranged between 17.50% and 20.25% at the first stage of maturation and from 30.20% to 35% in the last harvest. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of phenolic compounds were carried out using HPLC and LC-MS/MS. Twenty-six biophenolic compounds were identified. In all samples, hydroxytyrosol and oleuropein were the major compounds identified while rutin and luteolin 7-O-glucoside were the two main flavonoids. The total phenolic content varied from 3.46 to 4.30 g kg(-1) at the first stage of maturation and from 8.71 to 11.52 g kg(-1) of fruit fresh weight at the last maturation phase. Total flavonoid content reached 432.80 mg kg(-1). The antioxidant activity of the extract was evaluated by DPPH and ABTS assays. The IC(50) values of the olive extracts ranged from 2.69 to 10.96 microg L(-1) and from 2.15 to 3.03 mmol L(-1) trolox equivalent at the last stage of maturation. CONCLUSION A relationship between the changes in phenolic content and the physicochemical changes in Tunisian olive fruit during maturation was established. These findings could be used for controlling the production processes and correlating the oil sensorial characteristics to the polyphenolic pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Bouaziz
- Laboratoire des Bioprocédés Environementaux, Pôle d'Excellence Régionale AUF, (PER-LBPE) Centre de Biotechnologie de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia.
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92
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Chandler D, Woldu A, Rahmadi A, Shanmugam K, Steiner N, Wright E, Benavente-García O, Schulz O, Castillo J, Münch G. Effects of plant-derived polyphenols on TNF-α and nitric oxide production induced by advanced glycation endproducts. Mol Nutr Food Res 2010; 54 Suppl 2:S141-50. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.200900504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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93
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Omar SH. Cardioprotective and neuroprotective roles of oleuropein in olive. Saudi Pharm J 2010; 18:111-21. [PMID: 23964170 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2010.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2009] [Accepted: 04/25/2010] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional diets of people living in the Mediterranean basin are, among other components, very rich in extra-virgin olive oil, the most typical source of visible fat. Olive is a priceless source of monounsaturated and di-unsaturated fatty acids, polyphenolic antioxidants and vitamins. Oleuropein is the main glycoside in olives and is responsible for the bitter taste of immature and unprocessed olives. Chemically, oleuropein is the ester of elenolic acid and 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl ethanol, which possesses beneficial effects on human health, such as antioxidant, antiatherogenic, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties. The phenolic fraction extracted from the leaves of the olive tree, which contains significant amounts of oleuropein, prevents lipoprotein oxidation. In addition, oleuropein has shown cardioprotective effect against acute adriamycin cardiotoxicity and an anti-ischemic and hypolipidemic activities. Recently, oleuropein has shown neuroprotection by forming a non-covalent complex with the Aβ peptide, which is a key hallmark of several degenerative diseases like Alzheimer and Parkinson. Thus, a large mass of research has been accumulating in the area of olive oil, in the attempt to provide evidence for the health benefits of olive oil consumption and to scientifically support the widespread adoption of traditional Mediterranean diet as a model of healthy eating. These results provide a molecular basis for some of the benefits potentially coming from oleuropein consumption and pave the way to further studies on the possible pharmacological use of oleuropein to prevent or to slow down the cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Haris Omar
- College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, P.O. Box 31922, Buraidah-51418, Saudi Arabia
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94
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Granados-Principal S, Quiles JL, Ramirez-Tortosa CL, Sanchez-Rovira P, Ramirez-Tortosa MC. New advances in molecular mechanisms and the prevention of adriamycin toxicity by antioxidant nutrients. Food Chem Toxicol 2010; 48:1425-38. [PMID: 20385199 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2010.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2009] [Revised: 03/29/2010] [Accepted: 04/06/2010] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Anthracyclines (doxorubicin, daunorubicin, epirubicin, and idarubicin) are currently the most effective group of anti-neoplastic drugs used in clinical practice. Of these, doxorubicin (also called adriamycin) is a key chemotherapeutic agent in cancer treatment, although its use is limited as a consequence of the chronic and acute toxicity associated with this drug. The molecular mechanisms of doxorubicin account for both the anti-cancer and the toxic side effects. Many antioxidants have been assayed, with positive or negative results, to prevent the toxicity of doxorubicin. The present review has two main goals: (1) to report the latest findings regarding the molecular mechanisms of doxorubicin toxicity; (2) to update our understanding of the role of natural antioxidants in preventive therapy against doxorubicin-induced toxicity. This review provides new evidence for the chemoprevention of doxorubicin toxicity, making use of natural antioxidants - in particular vitamin E, vitamin C, coenzyme Q, carotenoids, vitamin A, flavonoids, polyphenol, resveratrol, antioxidant from virgin olive oil and selenium - and offers new insights into the molecular mechanisms of doxorubicin toxicity with respect to DNA damage, free radicals and other parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Granados-Principal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology José Mataix Verdú, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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95
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Abstract
Olive from Olea europaea is native to the Mediterranean region and, both the oil and the fruit are some of the main components of the Mediterranean diet. The main active constituents of olive oil include oleic acid, phenolic constituents, and squalene. The main phenolic compounds, hydroxytyrosol and oleuropein, give extra-virgin olive oil its bitter, pungent taste. The present review focuses on recent works that have analyzed the relationship between the major phenolic compound oleuropein and its pharmacological activities including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-atherogenic, anti-cancer activities, antimicrobial activity, antiviral activity, hypolipidemic and hypoglycemic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Haris Omar
- College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, P.O. Box-31922, Buraidah-51418, Saudi Arabia.
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96
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Abstract
The health-promoting effects of various constituents of the olive tree (Olea europaea) are mainly associated with hypoglycaemic and insulin-sensitising activities and have been widely demonstrated in the metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. However, their biological activity in autoimmune type 1 diabetes (T1D) is poorly characterised. Therefore, the influence of O. europaea-derived components present in dry olive leaf extract (DOLE) was examined in two established preclinical models of human T1D, which differ in some aspects of diabetogenesis: multiple low-dose streptozotocin-induced diabetes in susceptible C57BL/6 and CBA/H mouse strains; cyclophosphamide-accelerated diabetes in non-obese diabetic mice. In both T1D models, in vivo administration of DOLE significantly reduced clinical signs of diabetes (hyperglycaemia and body weight loss) and led to complete suppression of histopathological changes in pancreatic islets. In line with these, insulin expression and release were restored in DOLE-treated mice. Interestingly, inducible NO synthase expression and NO production were significantly elevated in peripheral tissues but were down-regulated within the local environment of the endocrine pancreas. This interference was reflected in NO-mediated suppression of T lymphocyte proliferation and lower production of the proinflammatory cytokines interferon-gamma, IL-17 and TNF-alpha in the spleen, with subsequent blockade of beta-cell destruction. The results suggest that DOLE interferes with development of autoimmune diabetes by down-regulating production of proinflammatory and cytotoxic mediators. Therefore, the potential use of a DOLE-enriched diet for prophylaxis/treatment of human T1D, and possibly other autoimmune diseases, is worthy of further investigation.
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97
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Incani A, Deiana M, Corona G, Vafeiadou K, Vauzour D, Dessì MA, Spencer JPE. Involvement of ERK, Akt and JNK signalling in H2O2-induced cell injury and protection by hydroxytyrosol and its metabolite homovanillic alcohol. Mol Nutr Food Res 2009; 54:788-96. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.200900098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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98
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99
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Zhao G, Yin Z, Dong J. Antiviral efficacy against hepatitis B virus replication of oleuropein isolated from Jasminum officinale L. var. grandiflorum. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2009; 125:265-268. [PMID: 19580857 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2009.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2009] [Revised: 06/23/2009] [Accepted: 06/26/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Jasminum officinale L. var. grandiflorum (JOG) is a folk medicine used for the treatment of hepatitis in south of China. Phytochemical studies showed that secoiridoid glycosides are the typical constituents of this plant. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of oleuropein (Ole) derived from the flowers of JOG on hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication in HepG2 2.2.15 cell line in vitro and duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV) replication in ducklings in vivo. MATERIAL AND METHODS The extracellular hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) concentrations in cell culture medium were determined by ELISA. DHBV in duck serum was analyzed by dot blot. RESULTS Ole blocks effectively HBsAg secretion in HepG2 2.2.15 cells in a dose-dependent manner (IC(50)=23.2 microg/ml). Ole (80 mg/kg, intraperitoneally, twice daily) also reduced viremia in DHBV-infected ducks. CONCLUSION Ole therefore warrants further investigation as a potential therapeutic agent for HBV infection.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antiviral Agents/pharmacology
- Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use
- Cell Line
- Disease Models, Animal
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Ducks
- Flowers
- Hepatitis B/drug therapy
- Hepatitis B/virology
- Hepatitis B Surface Antigens/metabolism
- Hepatitis B Virus, Duck/drug effects
- Hepatitis B Virus, Duck/physiology
- Hepatitis B virus/drug effects
- Hepatitis B virus/physiology
- Hepatitis, Viral, Animal/blood
- Hepatitis, Viral, Animal/drug therapy
- Hepatitis, Viral, Animal/virology
- Humans
- Iridoid Glucosides
- Iridoids
- Jasminum/chemistry
- Phytotherapy
- Plant Extracts/chemistry
- Plant Extracts/pharmacology
- Plant Extracts/therapeutic use
- Pyrans/pharmacology
- Pyrans/therapeutic use
- Viremia/blood
- Viremia/drug therapy
- Virus Replication/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiqin Zhao
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Science, Haidian District, Beijing 100850, China
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100
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Yamada K, Ogawa H, Hara A, Yoshida Y, Yonezawa Y, Karibe K, Nghia VB, Yoshimura H, Yamamoto Y, Yamada M, Nakamura K, Imai K. Mechanism of the antiviral effect of hydroxytyrosol on influenza virus appears to involve morphological change of the virus. Antiviral Res 2009; 83:35-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2009.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2008] [Revised: 02/28/2009] [Accepted: 03/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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