51
|
Unsal AA, Booth JR, Rossi NA, Byrd JK, Kountakis SE. Basaloid nasopharyngeal carcinoma: A population-based analysis of a rare tumor. Laryngoscope 2019; 129:2727-2732. [PMID: 30632158 DOI: 10.1002/lary.27788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Basaloid nasopharyngeal carcinoma (BNPC) is an extremely rare malignancy with a paucity of cases reported in the literature. This analysis represents the largest cohort of BNPC to date. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective population-based analysis. METHODS The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registry from 2001 to 2015 was utilized to extract a total of 82 cases of BNPC. Data were analyzed for incidence trends, demographic, and tumor characteristics, as well as potential outcome prognosticators. RESULTS White male patients between the ages of 40 to 79 years were most commonly affected. The incidence was measured at 0.06 per 100 thousand people. The majority of tumors were considered high grade (grade III/IV; 92.2%). At presentation, patients were most commonly advanced stage (American Joint Committee on Cancer [AJCC] stage IV) at 29.3%, followed by AJCC stages II and III (20.7%, respectively). T2 tumors were most common at 28.8%. Cervical node involvement and distant metastasis were measured at 53.7% and 10.4%, respectively. One-year, 5-year, and 10-year disease-specific survival was 87.7%, 60.7%, and 29.8%, respectively. No prognostic factors were identified in this study. CONCLUSION Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma represents a histologic subtype of nasopharyngeal carcinoma with excellent short-term outcomes but poor survival at 10 years when compared to conventional squamous cell carcinomas. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE NA Laryngoscope, 129:2727-2732, 2019.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aykut A Unsal
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Medical College of Georgia-Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
- Center for Skull Base Surgery, Medical College of Georgia-Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - J Renee Booth
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Medical College of Georgia-Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
- Center for Skull Base Surgery, Medical College of Georgia-Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Nicholas A Rossi
- University of Texas Medical Branch, School of Medicine, Galveston, Texas, U.S.A
| | - J Kenneth Byrd
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Medical College of Georgia-Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
- Center for Skull Base Surgery, Medical College of Georgia-Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Stilianos E Kountakis
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Medical College of Georgia-Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
- Center for Skull Base Surgery, Medical College of Georgia-Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Rooper LM, McCuiston AM, Westra WH, Bishop JA. SOX10 Immunoexpression in Basaloid Squamous Cell Carcinomas: A Diagnostic Pitfall for Ruling out Salivary Differentiation. Head Neck Pathol 2018; 13:543-547. [PMID: 30498968 PMCID: PMC6854191 DOI: 10.1007/s12105-018-0990-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
SOX10 immunoexpression is increasingly recognized in salivary gland tumors, including but not limited to those with myoepithelial, serous acinar, and intercalated duct differentiation. However, SOX10 expression has not been extensively evaluated in other epithelial tumors that can mimic salivary origin. Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a unique variant of SCC that shows morphologic overlap with several salivary tumors, including adenoid cystic carcinoma, basal cell adenocarcinoma, and myoepithelial carcinoma. We performed SOX10 immunohistochemistry on 22 basaloid SCCs and 280 non-basaloid SCCs. If tissue was available, we also performed immunohistochemistry for S100 and p16, and in-situ hybridization for high-risk HPV RNA. SOX10 was positive in 13/22 basaloid SCCs (59%), including 5/6 (83%) that were HPV-positive and 6/12 (50%) that were HPV-negative. Only 2/12 basaloid SCC (17%) demonstrated focal S100 expression. All non-basaloid SCCs were SOX10 negative. Frequent positivity for SOX10 in basaloid SCC presents a significant diagnostic pitfall for distinguishing these tumors from various basaloid salivary carcinomas. The preponderance of SOX10 expression in the basaloid variant of HPV-positive SCC also presents a diagnostic challenge in separating it from HPV-related multiphenotypic sinonasal carcinoma. SOX10 may be more broadly considered a marker of basal differentiation and should not be assumed to be specific for salivary origin in epithelial head and neck tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M. Rooper
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, 401 N. Broadway, Weinberg 2242, Baltimore, MD 21231-2410 USA ,Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Austin M. McCuiston
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, 401 N. Broadway, Weinberg 2242, Baltimore, MD 21231-2410 USA
| | - William H. Westra
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY USA
| | - Justin A. Bishop
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX USA
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Ricci C, Rossi MS, De Stefano R, Fiorentino M, Vasuri F. Unusual metastatic localization to the kidney of basaloid squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx. Urologia 2018; 85:182-185. [PMID: 30426881 DOI: 10.1177/0391560317749423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
CASE PRESENTATION: A 55-year-old man with a history of basaloid squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx with laterocervical lymph node metastases 6 years before (and treated with chemoradiation) presented with flank pain and hematuria. Computed tomography scan found a renal lesion, with radiological features more suspicious for primitive renal neoplasia. Histopathological and immunohistochemical examination after surgical excision revealed a basaloid squamous cell carcinoma involving renal parenchyma. CONCLUSION: Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma is a rare tumor but with a high percentage of distant metastasis, and it is mandatory, also for a general pathologist, to know this disease. Moreover, in a patient with renal metastases, any type of cancer should be taken into account, and this case is emblematic of why the previous medical history is crucial for differential diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Costantino Ricci
- 1 Pathology Unit, Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Martina S Rossi
- 2 Urology Unit, Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberta De Stefano
- 2 Urology Unit, Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Michelangelo Fiorentino
- 1 Pathology Unit, Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Vasuri
- 1 Pathology Unit, Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Shen W, Sakamoto N, Yang L. Cause-specific mortality prediction model for patients with basaloid squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck: a competing risk analysis. J Cancer 2018; 9:4009-4017. [PMID: 30410606 PMCID: PMC6218783 DOI: 10.7150/jca.20274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma (BSCC) is a rare, high-grade variant of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Most published studies based on population-based datasets focus on prognostic differences between SCC and BSCC. Competing risk analyses for this disease have not been performed. We used Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) data to calculate and model the cumulative incidence of death for patients with head and neck BSCC (HNBSCC) with competing risk approaches, and built a model to predict probability of cause-specific death for these patients. Methods: We analyzed data on 1163 patients who were diagnosed with primary lip and oral cavity, oropharynx, or hypopharynx and larynx BSCC and registered in the SEER program between 2004 and 2013. We calculated crude cumulative incidence function (CIF) for mortality after diagnosis of HNBSCC. We built a Fine and Gray's proportional sub-distribution hazard model and nomogram to predict their probability of cause-specific death. We calculated concordance indexes (c-index) and plotted calibration curves to evaluate model performance. Results: Five-year cumulative incidence of cause-specific death after diagnosis of HNBSCC was 26.5% (95% CI: 23.4-29.8%); cumulative incidence of other causes of death was 11.8% (95% CI: 9.4-14.3%). Old age, large tumor size, hypopharynx and larynx sites, lymph node-positive, distant metastasis, and non-radiotherapy were significant factors for high probability of cause-specific death. The model was well calibrated. The bootstrap-corrected c-index for the model was 0.71. Conclusions: We built the first competing risk nomogram for HNBSCC. The model performance was found to be good. This individualized prognostic predictive tool will aid physicians in clinical counseling, and will assist patients in planning for their future lives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Shen
- Institute of Otolaryngology, Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, China. 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Naoko Sakamoto
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Toho University, Japan. 4-16-20, Omori-Nishi Ota-ku, Tokyo 143-0015, Japan
| | - Limin Yang
- Division of Allergy, Department of Medical Subspecialties, National Center for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan.,Medical Support Center for Japan Environment and Children's Study, National Center for Child Health and Development, Japan. 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
A Limited Immunohistochemical Panel to Distinguish Basal Cell Carcinoma of Cutaneous Origin From Basaloid Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2018; 26:126-131. [PMID: 27438511 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000000394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Head and neck carcinomas with basaloid features can be diagnostically challenging. A common diagnostic issue is the distinction between a basaloid squamous cell carcinoma (bSCC) and a basal cell carcinoma (BCC) of cutaneous origin. This is particularly true in small biopsy specimens where classic architectural and histologic features may be difficult to appreciate. A specific diagnosis is essential because of significant differences in clinical outcome and therapeutic management. Ten resection cases of bSCC and BCC of the head and neck were selected based on primary location and the classic morphologic features that characterize these 2 entities. The following immunohistochemical markers were evaluated: epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), Ber-EP4, CD44, Bcl2, androgen receptor, SOX2, and p16. The strongest statistically significant differences in staining patterns were for EMA, p16, and SOX2. EMA was positive in all bSCCs and negative in all BCCs. SOX2 was positive in all bSCCs and in only 3 out of 10 BCCs. Staining was weak and peripheral in the SOX2-positive BCCs. p16 was positive in 8 out of 10 bSCCs and negative in all BCCs. We conclude that bSCC and BCC of the head and neck can be readily distinguished by a limited panel consisting primarily of EMA, and supported by SOX2 and p16.
Collapse
|
56
|
Epidemiological and Histopathological Aspects of Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinomas-Retrospective Study. CURRENT HEALTH SCIENCES JOURNAL 2018; 44:211-224. [PMID: 30647940 PMCID: PMC6311229 DOI: 10.12865/chsj.44.03.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Tongue squamous cell carcinoma is one of the most commonly diagnosed intraoral
squamous cell carcinomas (25-40%), being considered an aggressive form of
squamous cell carcinoma, as it is most commonly associated with lymph node
metastases and the survival rate at five years is below 50%. In according with
these data, we have proposed in this study to individualize an epidemiological
and histopathological profile of the patients with such oral cancers, diagnosed
and treated in the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinic and in the
Otolaryngology Surgery Clinic of the Emergency Clinical County Hospital
Craiova, between 2015-2017. The cases were histopathologically reassessed
according to the latest WHO classification of head and neck tumors, the
variables of interest being the age of the patients, the gender, the lesion
topography, the histological subtype, the degree of tumor differentiation, the
pTNM stage, the resection margin status and the Brandwein-Gensler prognostic
score. Thus, we recorded an average age of 55.81±14.98 tongue cancer
development, 65% of the casuistry being diagnosed during the 7th and 6th
decades, with a slight prevalence in men, with development in two thirds of
cases in the mobile portion of the tongue. Histopathologically, conventional
forms of squamous cell carcinoma prevailed (53.7%), followed by varieties:
acantholytic (26%), basaloid (13%), sarcomatoid (5.45%) and verrucous (1.85%).
Moderate differentiated forms prevailed (44.44%), half of the cases falling
within the moderate degree of Brandwein-Gensler's histological risk score and
two thirds were diagnosed in pTNM stage II and III of the disease, and a
quarter of the cases having the margins invaded.
Collapse
|
57
|
Pandiar D, Nayanar SK, Ankalkoti B, Babu S. Laryngeal Basaloid Squamous Cell Carcinoma with a Substantial Spindle Cell Component: Case Presentation and Updated Review of Literature. Head Neck Pathol 2018; 13:692-698. [PMID: 29869750 PMCID: PMC6854190 DOI: 10.1007/s12105-018-0942-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma with spindle cell component is an uncommon aggressive variety of squamous cell carcinoma with only a few reported cases in literature. Histologically a combination of basaloid squamous cell carcinoma and spindle cell squamous cell carcinoma is appreciated and immunohistochemistry serves a role in differentiation from malignant neoplasms of salivary gland or neuro-endocrine origin. Prime treatment modality is combination of surgery and external beam radiotherapy. A case of basaloid squamous cell carcinoma with proliferation of bizarre mesenchymal component is being reported here with an updated literature review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Pandiar
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Services and Translational Research, Malabar Cancer Center, Thalassery, Kerala, India
| | - Sangeetha K Nayanar
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Services and Translational Research, Malabar Cancer Center, Thalassery, Kerala, India.
| | - Basavaraj Ankalkoti
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Malabar Cancer Center, Thalassery, Kerala, India
| | - Sajith Babu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Malabar Cancer Center, Thalassery, Kerala, India
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Mai KT, Perkins DG, Veinot JP, Shamji FM. Basaloid Carcinoma of the Lung with Bronchiolo-alveolar Cell Differentiation. A Case Report. TUMORI JOURNAL 2018; 85:207-10. [PMID: 10426134 DOI: 10.1177/030089169908500312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Aims We report a case of pulmonary basaloid carcinoma with bronchiolo-alveolar cell differentiation. Patients and Results A 75 year-old presented with a tumor measured 2.0 cm and was located in the periphery of the left upper lobe. Histologically, the lesion consisted of nests of basaloid cells, and lumina and clefts lined by tumor cells with features of mucous cells or type II pneumocytes or with mixed features. Conclusions Previously reported basaloid carcinomas of the upper aero-digestive tract and lung have been purported to have an aggressive behavior. The tumor in the present study had features of a histopathological low grade tumor including a low mitotic rate, no tumor necrosis and a growth pattern at the periphery similar to that of bronchiolo-alveolar carcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K T Mai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ottawa Civic Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
59
|
Gupta B, Bhattacharyya A, Singh A, Sah K, Gupta V. Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma - A rare and aggressive variant of squamous cell carcinoma: A case report and review of literature. Natl J Maxillofac Surg 2018; 9:64-68. [PMID: 29937662 PMCID: PMC5996643 DOI: 10.4103/njms.njms_14_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma (BSCC) is a rare and aggressive variant of oral squamous cell carcinoma with a predilection for the tongue and in other locations, such as floor of the mouth, palate, retromolar trigone, and gingival mucosa. Here, we present a case of BSCC of oropharynx in a 60-year-old male patient.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bhavana Gupta
- Department of Oral Pathology, Dental institute, RIMS, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | | | - Anil Singh
- Department of Oral Pathology, Saraswati Dental College, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kunal Sah
- Department of Oral Pathology, Saraswati Dental College, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vivek Gupta
- Department of Periodontology, Dental institute, RIMS, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
Maebayashi T, Ishibashi N, Aizawa T, Sakaguchi M, Taku H, Ohhara M, Takimoto T, Tanaka Y. A long-surviving patient with advanced esophageal basaloid squamous cell carcinoma treated only with radiotherapy: case report and literature review. BMC Gastroenterol 2017; 17:151. [PMID: 29216832 PMCID: PMC5721517 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-017-0714-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Esophageal basaloid squamous cell carcinoma (EBSCC) is a rare malignant disease. Advanced EBSCC (AEBSCC) has a poorer prognosis than the more common esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, but no treatment policy has yet been established. This is the first reported case with AEBSCC treated only with radiotherapy. Thus, our long-surviving patient merits consideration. We therefore reviewed cases with the same stage of AEBSCC for further investigation. Case presentation An 85-year-old man with a chief complaint of difficulty swallowing foods was diagnosed with AEBSCC, cT3N1M0, stage III, by thorough examination. The basaloid carcinoma extended from the upper thoracic esophagus to the middle thoracic esophagus based on imaging studies, endoscopy and biopsy. Morphologically, the tumor was an elevated ulcerative area. We conducted radiotherapy to relieve symptoms, as the patient and his family refused aggressive treatment. He has remained alive without recurrence for 2 years, to date, after completing radiotherapy. Conclusions Basaloid carcinoma might be highly sensitive to radiotherapy. Thus, radiotherapy for local control might be beneficial for elderly patients with complications and those refusing aggressive treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toshiya Maebayashi
- Department of Radiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi Kami-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan.
| | - Naoya Ishibashi
- Department of Radiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi Kami-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan
| | - Takuya Aizawa
- Department of Radiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi Kami-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan
| | - Masakuni Sakaguchi
- Department of Radiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi Kami-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan
| | - Homma Taku
- Department of Human Pathology, Division of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihion University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan
| | - Moritaka Ohhara
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Kasukabe Medical Center, Kasukabe, Saitama, 344-8588, Japan
| | - Toshirou Takimoto
- Department of Pathology, Kasukabe Medical Center, Kasukabe, Saitama, 344-8588, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Tanaka
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kawasaki Saiwai Hospital, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 212-0014, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
Salami A, Abbas AE, Petrov R, Jhala N, Bakhos CT. Comparative Analysis of Clinical, Treatment, and Survival Characteristics of Basaloid and Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Esophagus. J Am Coll Surg 2017; 226:1086-1092. [PMID: 29133264 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2017.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma (BSC) is a rare variant of squamous cell carcinoma (SqCC) of the esophagus. Even though pathologically thought to be more aggressive than SqCC, there is discrepancy in the literature regarding the outcomes of BSC compared with those of SqCC. STUDY DESIGN We conducted a retrospective cohort study using the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database. All patients with a histologic diagnosis of BSC and SqCC between 2004 and 2013 were included. We compared treatment and survival characteristics of patients with BSC and SqCC. RESULTS There were 16,158 patients included in this study; 173 patients (1.1%) had BSC. There were no significant differences between the 2 groups based on age, sex, marital status, insurance, or geographic region of diagnosis, but patients with BSC were more likely to be Caucasian (73.4% vs 64.7%; p = 0.017). Among staged patients, baseline tumor stage was similar in both groups. However, BSC tumors were more likely to be of high pathologic grade (56.8% vs 38.2%; p < 0.001). Patients with SqCC were more likely to receive radiation therapy (36.9% vs 53.9%; p < 0.001), while patients with BSC were more likely to undergo resection (32.4% vs 17.0%; p < 0.001). Median overall survival was similar in both groups (14 vs 9 months; log rank = 0.144), and this relationship persisted after stratification by treatment. CONCLUSIONS Even though more likely to be poorly differentiated at presentation, BSC of the esophagus seems to have similar clinical features and survival outcomes when compared with SqCC. Patients with BSC and SqCC should undergo stage-specific treatment to achieve optimal outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aitua Salami
- Department of Surgery, Albert Einstein Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Abbas E Abbas
- Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Temple University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Roman Petrov
- Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Temple University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Nirag Jhala
- Department of Pathology, Temple University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Charles T Bakhos
- Department of Surgery, Albert Einstein Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Temple University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA.
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
Lee KH, Lee SJ, Kim HS, Kim SE, Choi SY, Lee HJ, Ha SH, Oh KH, Eom DW. A Case of Basaloid Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Polypoid Type in the Esophagus. Case Rep Gastroenterol 2017; 11:559-563. [PMID: 29033778 PMCID: PMC5637102 DOI: 10.1159/000479312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus is very rare. Further, polypoid type of esophageal cancer is also rare. We have recently treated a case of basaloid squamous cell carcinoma which presented as a 1.3-cm esophageal polyp. A 48-year-old woman was referred to our hospital because of a polypoid mass at 36 cm distance from the upper incisor on endoscopic examination, and the result of the biopsy was basaloid squamous cell carcinoma. The patient underwent Ivor Lewis operation with lymph node dissection. Two basaloid squamous cell carcinomas, of 1.3 and 0.4 cm, were diagnosed in the final pathologic examination. Regular periodic follow-up showed no evidence of recurrence or metastasis in the 5-month postoperative period.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ki Hun Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gangneung Asan Hospital, Ulsan University College of Medicine, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Jin Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gangneung Asan Hospital, Ulsan University College of Medicine, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
| | - Hak Soo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gangneung Asan Hospital, Ulsan University College of Medicine, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Eun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gangneung Asan Hospital, Ulsan University College of Medicine, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Yong Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gangneung Asan Hospital, Ulsan University College of Medicine, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ju Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gangneung Asan Hospital, Ulsan University College of Medicine, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk Hun Ha
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gangneung Asan Hospital, Ulsan University College of Medicine, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Hoon Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Suncheon Hospital, Suncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Woon Eom
- Department of Pathology, Gangneung Asan Hospital, Ulsan University College of Medicine, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Yi CH, Jim Zhai Q, Wang BY. Updates on Immunohistochemical and Molecular Markers in Selected Head and Neck Diagnostic Problems. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2017; 141:1214-1235. [PMID: 28854343 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2016-0245-ra] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT - The head and neck regions have complex anatomic structures. They are not exempted from the rare occurrences of highly unusual, diagnostically challenging malignant neoplasms and mimickers. OBJECTIVE - To review and update the utility of immunohistochemistry and molecular biomarkers and to pursue diagnostic accuracy on selected rare neoplasms, especially some poorly differentiated malignancies. DATA SOURCES - Personal experience and information from the literature. CONCLUSIONS - Head and neck tumors include neoplasms originating from heterogeneous tissue. Using the selected clinical cases, this review illustrates a continuous development of emerging molecular-genetic techniques to assist in the interpretation of uncommon, often poorly differentiated, highly malignant neoplasms. The diagnostic results are appropriately transmitted to the oncologists, radiation oncologists, and surgeons to create a coordinated plan of care for patients with these unusual disorders affecting the head and neck.
Collapse
|
64
|
Ricciardiello F, Caraglia M, Iorio B, Abate T, Boccellino M, Colella G, Oliva F, Ferrise P, Zappavigna S, Faenza M, Ferraro GA, Sequino G, Nicoletti GF, Mesolella M. Aggressiveness pattern and second primary tumor risk associated with basaloid squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx. Oncotarget 2017; 8:95791-95798. [PMID: 29221167 PMCID: PMC5707061 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma (BSCC) is a rare, aggressive and distinct variant of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the upper respiratory and digestive tract. We have evaluated disease specific survival (DSS) and overall survival (OS) through Kaplan-Meier method and mortality risk through univariate statistical analysis of Cox in 42 cases of BSCC and other 42 of laryngeal SCC (LSCC) matched for both age and sex. We demonstrated that laryngeal BSCC is a more aggressive tumor than LSCC as is associated to higher nodal recurrence of pathology (5 vs 2 patients, overall risk, OR 2.7), a reduced survival (median survival 34 vs 40 months, OR 3.2 for mortality); in addition, basaloid patients have a higher risk to be affected by second primary tumors (13 vs 3 patients, OR 5.8) and a higher probability to die for this second tumor (Hazard Risk, HR 4.4). The analysis of survival shows an increased mortality risk concurrent with the parameters assessed by univariate analyses that assume a predictive and statistical significance in second tumor and grading in basaloid LSSC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Michele Caraglia
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Brigida Iorio
- Department of Neurological, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University "Federico II" of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Teresa Abate
- Division of Otolaryngology, "A. Cardarelli" Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Mariarosaria Boccellino
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Colella
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Flavia Oliva
- Division of Otolaryngology, "A. Cardarelli" Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Silvia Zappavigna
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Mario Faenza
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe A Ferraro
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Giulio Sequino
- Division of Otolaryngology, "A. Cardarelli" Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Massimo Mesolella
- Department of Neurological, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University "Federico II" of Naples, Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
65
|
Tada T, Honma R, Imai JI, Saze Z, Kogure M, Marubashi S, Tasaki K, Unakami M, Ezaki J, Tamura H, Nishikawa A, Hashimoto Y, Waguri S, Watanabe S, Gotoh M. A novel gene expression scoring system for accurate diagnosis of basaloid squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus. Int J Oncol 2017; 51:877-886. [PMID: 28731134 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.4075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus (BSCE) is a rare variant of squamous cell carcinoma that is difficult to distinguish from other carcinomas by preoperative endoscopic biopsy because of its histological varieties. Accurate diagnosis is essential for adequate treatment, and the methods proposed so far (e.g., immunohistochemical staining) have limitations. In this study, we tried to identify the characteristic bundles of gene expression in BSCE using comprehensive gene expression analysis (CGEA). Subsequently, we constructed a gene expression scoring system for the proper diagnosis of BSCE. Fifty-seven surgical specimens, including seven BSCEs, obtained from 30 patients who underwent esophagectomy were used for constructing the scoring system. Three hundred and twelve biopsy specimens, including eight BSCEs, obtained from 80 patients and 20 commercially available formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) specimens diagnosed as esophageal cancer, including 13 BSCEs, were used for validation. After our original mathematical extraction algorithm, 75 genes were extracted to distinguish BSCE from non-BSCE. The cumulative converted values (gene expression score) of the respective 75 genes from each specimen were obtained and lined up in ascending order to assess the optimal gene expression cut-off score for a definitive diagnosis of BSCE. The validation of this scoring system showed high prediction of the biopsy specimens [area under the curve (AUC)=0.981; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.952‑1.000] and the commercially available FFPE specimens (AUC=0.901; 95% CI: 0.750-1.000). In conclusion, using CGEA in a gene expression scoring system helps in differentiating BSCE from non-BSCE with high accuracy and may contribute in improving BSCE treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Tada
- Department of Regenerative Surgery, Fukushima Medical University, School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Reiko Honma
- Nippon Gene Co., Ltd., Chiyoda, Tokyo 101-0054, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Imai
- Translational Research Center, Fukushima Medical University, School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Zenichiro Saze
- Department of Regenerative Surgery, Fukushima Medical University, School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Michihiko Kogure
- Department of Regenerative Surgery, Fukushima Medical University, School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Shigeru Marubashi
- Department of Regenerative Surgery, Fukushima Medical University, School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Tasaki
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Fukushima Medical University, School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | | | - Junji Ezaki
- Translational Research Center, Fukushima Medical University, School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Hirosumi Tamura
- Translational Research Center, Fukushima Medical University, School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | | | - Yuko Hashimoto
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Fukushima Medical University, School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Satoshi Waguri
- Translational Research Center, Fukushima Medical University, School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Shinya Watanabe
- Translational Research Center, Fukushima Medical University, School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Mitsukazu Gotoh
- Department of Regenerative Surgery, Fukushima Medical University, School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
66
|
Sharma T, Goel G, Majumdar K, Joshi D, Kapoor N. Cytomorphology of Basaloid Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Diagnostic Dilemma. J Clin Diagn Res 2017; 11:ED21-ED22. [PMID: 28571158 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2017/25730.9711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Basaloid Squamous Cell Carcinoma (BSCC) is an unusual and high grade variant of Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) with a predilection for the upper aerodigestive tract. The cytomorphologic diagnosis of this tumour is challenging as it shares common cytomorphologic features with its differential diagnoses. However, a careful examination of the cytology can help in delivering a diagnosis of BSCC. In this case report we present the imprint cytology findings of histologically proven BSCC in a 60-year-old male who presented with an ulcerated lesion at the umbilical region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Sharma
- Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology, Peoples Medical College, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Garima Goel
- Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology & Lab Medicine, AIIMS, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Kaushik Majumdar
- Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology, GB Pant Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - Deepti Joshi
- Associate Professor, Department of Pathology & Lab Medicine, AIIMS, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Neelkamal Kapoor
- Professor, Department of Pathology & Lab Medicine, AIIMS, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
67
|
López F, Williams MD, Cardesa A, Hunt JL, Strojan P, Rinaldo A, Nixon IJ, Rodrigo JP, Saba NF, Mendenhall WM, Quer M, Suárez C, Ferlito A. How phenotype guides management of non-conventional squamous cell carcinomas of the larynx? Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2017; 274:2709-2726. [PMID: 28364287 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-017-4533-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Although the majority of laryngeal malignancies are the conventional squamous cell carcinomas (SCC), a wide variety of malignant epithelial tumors can affect the larynx. Current treatment guidelines are designed to guide clinicians in management of conventional laryngeal SCC. Less is known about the biological behavior and responsiveness to therapy and overall outcomes of other malignant epithelial lesions. Because a spectrum of disease biology is represented by these rare phenotypes, an understanding of the basic biology can help direct management to optimize clinical outcome in this group of patients. This review provides a critical analysis of literature relating to the diagnosis, management, and outcome of patients with non-conventional squamous malignant epithelial neoplasms of the larynx. Particular attention is paid to features which are at variance with the conventional SCC and how these impact on management of these rare tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando López
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Avenida de Roma s/n, 33011, Oviedo (Asturias), Spain. .,Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias and CIBERONC, ISCIII, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.
| | - Michelle D Williams
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Antonio Cardesa
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jennifer L Hunt
- Department of Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Primož Strojan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institute of Oncology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Iain J Nixon
- Departments of Surgery and Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Edinburgh University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Juan P Rodrigo
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Avenida de Roma s/n, 33011, Oviedo (Asturias), Spain.,Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias and CIBERONC, ISCIII, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Nabil F Saba
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, The Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Miquel Quer
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Suárez
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias and CIBERONC, ISCIII, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Alfio Ferlito
- International Head and Neck Scientific Group, Padua, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
68
|
Rivero A, Tang CG, Rasgon BM. Bilateral Basaloid Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Parotid Gland: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. Perm J 2017; 21:16-042. [PMID: 28333602 DOI: 10.7812/tpp/16-042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We describe the first known case of bilateral basaloid squamous cell carcinoma of the parotid gland, and we review existing literature. CASE PRESENTATION A previously healthy, 70-year-old white man presented with a 2-cm enlarging mass in the tail of the right parotid gland. Magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography showed ipsilateral pathologic adenopathy. Results of fine-needle aspiration revealed a high-grade malignancy with squamous features. The patient underwent a right total parotidectomy and modified radical neck dissection. Final pathologic findings revealed a basaloid squamous cell carcinoma. Four years after the initial resection, the patient presented with an enlarging left parotid mass. Findings of fine-needle aspiration and imaging were similar to those 4 years earlier. The patient received a left total parotidectomy and modified radical neck dissection. Postoperative radiation therapy was performed after each surgical intervention. He remains disease free at 4-year follow-up after the second mass was resected. DISCUSSION Squamous cell carcinoma with basaloid features is a rare and aggressive type of squamous cell carcinoma. To our knowledge, this is the first case report of bilateral parotid basaloid squamous cell carcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Barry M Rasgon
- Head and Neck Surgeon at the Oakland Medical Center in CA.
| |
Collapse
|
69
|
Kumari K, Haragannavar VC, Kumar KV, Prasad K, Nambiar S. Basaloid Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Tongue: A Report with Emphasis on Immunohistochemistry. J Clin Diagn Res 2017; 11:ZD16-ZD18. [PMID: 28511524 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2017/24308.9539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Basaloid Squamous Cell Carcinoma (BSCC) is a rare entity with its histopathological distinction from conventional squamous cell carcinoma. It is frequently considered a high-grade carcinoma with poor prognosis because of higher rate of distant metastases. Here by, we are reporting a case of 39-year-old male with an ulcer on the left lateral border of the tongue since a month. Histopathological examination of incisional biopsy revealed basaloid tumour cell islands accompanied by component of well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. To reconfirm this incidental finding immunohistochemistry was carried out for Proliferative Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA) and pancytokeratin (AE1/AE3) which was positive to conclude diagnosis of BSCC. Further p16 staining was done to rule out Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karuna Kumari
- Postgraduate Student, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Vanishree C Haragannavar
- Assistant Professor, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - K Vineeth Kumar
- Associate Professor, Department Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Sciences, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Kavitha Prasad
- Professor and Head, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Sciences, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Shwetha Nambiar
- Tutor, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| |
Collapse
|
70
|
Wenig BM. Squamous cell carcinoma of the upper aerodigestive tract: dysplasia and select variants. Mod Pathol 2017; 30:S112-S118. [PMID: 28060368 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2016.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Upper aerodigestive tract (UADT) mucosal premalignant lesions include non-keratinizing and keratinizing intraepithelial dysplasia. The keratinizing type of intraepithelial dysplasia represents the majority of UADT dysplasias. Historically, grading of UADT dysplasias has followed a three tier system to include mild, moderate and severe dysplasia. Recent recommendations have introduced a two tier grading scheme to including low-grade (ie, mild dysplasia) and high-grade (moderate and severe dysplasia/carcinoma in situ) providing for better consensus among pathologists in the interpretation of such dysplastic lesions. Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common malignant neoplasm of the UADT. Several variants of squamous cell carcinoma are recognized among which the more common types include papillary squamous cell carcinoma, verrucous carcinoma, spindle cell squamous cell carcinoma (sarcomatoid carcinoma) and basaloid squamous cell carcinoma. Each of these variants of squamous cell carcinoma poses diagnostic challenges and each correlates to specific therapy and prognosis. This review details the proposed update in the grading of UADT dysplasia to a two-tiered system as well as providing the key diagnostic features for select variants of squamous cell carcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruce M Wenig
- Department of Pathology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
71
|
Xiao Q, Zhang B, Deng X, Wu J, Wang H, Wang Y, Wang W. The Preoperative Neutrophil-To-Lymphocyte Ratio Is a Novel Immune Parameter for the Prognosis of Esophageal Basaloid Squamous Cell Carcinoma. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0168299. [PMID: 27959959 PMCID: PMC5154570 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The pretreatment neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is an independent predictor of prognosis in various malignancies, but its predictive capacity in basaloid squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus (BSCCE) remains unclear. We aim to determine the value of the inflammation-related factors, including the NLR, neutrophil-to-monocyte ratio (NMR), and albumin levels, in predicting BSCCE prognosis. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the records of 121 patients with pathologically diagnosed BSCCE that underwent a curative esophagectomy from January 2007 to December 2014. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify prognostic factors for overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS). Results The preoperative NLR was correlated with the tumor length and NMR. In OS univariate analyses, a high NLR (>1.77), high NMR (>12.31), and low albumin (≤40.0 g/L) level were significantly associated with a poorer survival in BSCCE. The median OS was significantly greater in low NLR (≤1.77) than in the high NLR (>1.77) patients (51.0 vs. 31.0 months; P = 0.008). In multivariate analyses, only the NLR was an independent prognostic factor for OS (hazard ratio (HR), 2.030; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.262–3.264; P = 0.003). A high NLR was also an independent predictor of a poorer RFS in BSCCE (HR, 2.222; 95% CI, 1.407–3.508; P = 0.001); the median RFS for low (≤1.77) and high (> 1.77) NLR patients was 44.0 months and 14.0 months, respectively. NLR remained a strong prognostic indicator for OS in stage I/II patients and a preoperative NLR>1.77 was predictive of a poor RFS in both stage I/II and stage III patients. Conclusions We show that the preoperative NLR, a convenient and cost-effective biomarker, may serve as a prognostic indicator for BSCCE patients following curative surgery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qin Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Province, Department of Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Baihua Zhang
- The 2nd Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xiang Deng
- The 2nd Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jie Wu
- The 2nd Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Province, Department of Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Yonggang Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Cancer Hospital and Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wenxiang Wang
- The 2nd Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
72
|
Soft Tissue Reconstruction for Basaloid Squamous Cell Carcinoma on the Hemiface. Arch Plast Surg 2016; 43:615-618. [PMID: 27896203 PMCID: PMC5122561 DOI: 10.5999/aps.2016.43.6.615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
|
73
|
Toe BP, Ramli N, Lam SY, Wong KT, Prepageran N. Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma of the sinonasal tract with metastasis to the liver: a case report and literature review. EAR, NOSE & THROAT JOURNAL 2016; 94:E27-32. [PMID: 25651356 DOI: 10.1177/014556131509400216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma (BSCC) is a rare subtype of squamous cell carcinoma. To date, only 95 cases of sinonasal BSCC have been reported in the English-language literature, and they account for 5% of all cases of head and neck BSCC. We describe what we believe is only the second reported case of a sinonasal tract BSCC that metastasized to the liver. The patient was a 36-year-old woman who presented with right-sided nasal obstruction and a foul-smelling discharge. Clinical examination and imaging identified a large, lobulated, enhancing mass in the right nasal cavity. Following excision of the mass, the patient was scheduled for radiotherapy. However, before it could be administered, follow-up imaging detected a metastasis to the liver and lung, and the patient was switched to chemotherapy. Initially, she responded well clinically, but at 5 months postoperatively, a follow-up CT showed an increasing metastatic presence in the liver and bone. The patient died of her disease 1 year after surgery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Boon Ping Toe
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Hospital Sultanah Bahiyah, 05460 Alor Setar, Kedah, Malaysia.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
74
|
Cabrera E, Fernández F, Gómez-Román J, Val-Bernal JF. Basaloid Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Esophagus Immunohistochemistry and Flow Cytometric DNA Analysis in Two Cases. Int J Surg Pathol 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/106689699604030407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma is a well-established anatomopathologic entity of the upper aerodigestive tract and is more aggressive than the conventional squamous cell carcinoma. Only seven cases of this variant have been reported in the esophagus. Two cases of basaloid squamous carcinoma in the middle and lower third of the esophagus in two men aged 59 and 60 years are presented. Tumor stages were IIA and IV at the time of total esophagectomy, and survival times were 34 and 4 months, respectively. Histologically, the two tumors were composed of nests of cells with a basaloid appearance, the first with a predominantly cribriform pattern and the second with a solid lobular pattern and intense comedonecrosis; in the adjacent squamous epithelium of both tumors, carcinoma in situ was observed focally. Immunoreactivity was poor for high-molecular-weight cytokeratins and absent for those of low molecular weight. Staining for epithelial membrane antigen was weakly positive, enolase was moderately positive, and no reactivity for carcinoembryonic antigen, S100 protein, and chromogranin was observed. The flow cytometric analysis showed both tumors to be hyperdiploid with an index of cell proliferation of over 50%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Cabrera
- From the Department of Anatomical Pathology, “Marqués de Valdecilla” University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Fidel Fernández
- From the Department of Anatomical Pathology, “Marqués de Valdecilla” University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Javier Gómez-Román
- From the Department of Anatomical Pathology, “Marqués de Valdecilla” University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - J. Fernado Val-Bernal
- From the Department of Anatomical Pathology, “Marqués de Valdecilla” University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
75
|
Tripathi M, Swanson PE. Rare tumors of esophageal squamous mucosa. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2016; 1381:122-132. [PMID: 27310830 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In spite of increasing incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma in the last few decades, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) still remains the dominant subtype of esophageal cancer worldwide. Apart from conventional SCC, some rare unconventional tumors of esophageal squamous mucosa are also well known. This study provides an introduction to these and presents a brief review of the literature, including the diagnostic and prognostic importance of each variant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Tripathi
- Department of Histopathology, Cambridge University Hospitals, NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Paul E Swanson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
76
|
Liu R, Chu H, Xu F, Chen S. Esophageal cancer diagnosed by high-resolution manometry of the esophagus: A case report. Oncol Lett 2016; 11:3131-3134. [PMID: 27123076 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
A 48-year-old female who presented with a history of dysphagia for 5 months and regurgitation for 1 week was referred to the Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital (Hangzhou, China) for further evaluation, since the gastroscopy and endoscopic ultrasound performed in local hospitals did not reveal the presence of cancer. High-resolution manometry (HRM) of the esophagus was performed to determine the patient's condition, and revealed an abnormal high-pressure zone that was located 33 cm from the incisor and did not relax upon swallowing. Synchronous waves were observed, and the pressure of the esophageal lumen was found to increase with secondary synchronous peristaltic waves. The lower esophageal sphincter was 39 cm from the incisor and relaxed upon swallowing. The abnormal high-pressure zone could have been caused by an obstruction, and therefore an upper gastrointestinal series (barium swallow) test and gastroscopy were recommended to further pinpoint the cause. Following the two examinations, mid-esophageal cancer was considered as a possible diagnosis. A biopsy was performed and the final diagnosis was that of basaloid squamous cell carcinoma. The findings of the present study suggest that, for patients with evident symptoms of esophageal motor dysfunction without significant gastroscopy findings, HRM is recommended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rongbei Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, P.R. China; Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, P.R. China
| | - Hua Chu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, P.R. China
| | - Fei Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, P.R. China
| | - Shujie Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, P.R. China; Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
77
|
Cervical Lymph Node Metastasis in Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma of the Larynx: A Collective International Review. Adv Ther 2016; 33:553-79. [PMID: 27084720 PMCID: PMC4846710 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-016-0311-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Adenoid cystic carcinoma (AdCC) of the head and neck is a well-recognized pathologic entity that rarely occurs in the larynx. Although the 5-year locoregional control rates are high, distant metastasis has a tendency to appear more than 5 years post treatment. Because AdCC of the larynx is uncommon, it is difficult to standardize a treatment protocol. One of the controversial points is the decision whether or not to perform an elective neck dissection on these patients. Because there is contradictory information about this issue, we have critically reviewed the literature from 1912 to 2015 on all reported cases of AdCC of the larynx in order to clarify this issue. During the most recent period of our review (1991-2015) with a more exact diagnosis of the tumor histology, 142 cases were observed of AdCC of the larynx, of which 91 patients had data pertaining to lymph node status. Eleven of the 91 patients (12.1%) had nodal metastasis and, based on this low proportion of patients, routine elective neck dissection is therefore not recommended.
Collapse
|
78
|
Abstract
The most common malignancy to involve the oral cavity and oropharynx is squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Because these oral cancers share an origin from the squamous epithelium, the pathology of oral SCC might be expected to be uniform and its diagnosis repetitive. In reality, the morphologic diversity in SCC, along with the propensity for reactive processes of the oral cavity to mimic SCC histologically, renders its diagnosis one of the more challenging in surgical pathology. This article discusses variants of oral and oropharyngeal SCC and highlights those features that help distinguish human papillomavirus-related from human papillomavirus-unrelated SCC.
Collapse
|
79
|
Al Feghali KA, Traboulsi H, Youssef B. Basaloid Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Ethmoid Sinus with Invasion into the Skull Base Treated with Craniofacial Resection and Adjuvant Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy: A Case Report. Cureus 2015; 7:e421. [PMID: 26835192 PMCID: PMC4726268 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma (BSCC) is a rare variant of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), which is highly aggressive, with a tendency for multifocality, local invasion, and with a high metastatic potential. Less than forty cases of BSCC of the sinonasal tract have been reported in the literature, and no reports were found on sinonasal BSCC arising from the ethmoid sinus. We report the case of a 78-year-old man who presented with BSCC arising from the ethmoid sinus with extensive bone destruction and intracranial extension. He was treated with craniofacial resection followed by adjuvant intensity-modulated radiation therapy to the tumor bed (60 Gy in 30 fractions), and the upper neck lymph nodes (50 Gy in 25 fractions). At the patient’s last follow-up, four months after diagnosis, there was no evidence of disease. Aggressive management using craniofacial resection followed by adjuvant radiation therapy with or without radiosensitizing chemotherapy seems to be a reasonable approach to this challenging disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bassem Youssef
- Radiation Oncology Department, American University of Beirut Medical Center
| |
Collapse
|
80
|
Sato-Kuwabara Y, Fregnani JHTG, Jampietro J, Carvalho KC, Franco CP, da Costa WL, Coimbra FJF, Soares FA. Comparative analysis of basaloid and conventional squamous cell carcinomas of the esophagus: prognostic relevance of clinicopathological features and protein expression. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:6691-9. [PMID: 26649862 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4551-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma (BSCC), a variant of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), is a rare and aggressive epithelial malignancy which has been reported in only 0.1-11 % of primary esophageal carcinomas. In this study, a comparison of clinicopathological features and protein expression between esophageal BSCC (EBSCC) and conventional esophageal SCC (ESCC) cases from Brazil was performed in order to find factors that can be relevant to better characterize EBSCC. The expression of HER2, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), Ki-67, and cyclins (A, B1, and D1) in 111 cases (95 ESCC and 16 EBSCC) was evaluated by immunohistochemistry using tissue microarray. When the clinicopathological data were compared, no significant difference was found between the two histological types. Although the difference is not significant (p = 0.055), the EGFR expression was more frequent in the conventional ESCC than in the EBSCC group. Our results indicate that the clinicopathological profiles of conventional ESCC and EBSCC are similar and provide no indicators for differences in prognosis between these two groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yukie Sato-Kuwabara
- International Research Center, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, Rua Taguá, 440 Liberdade, São Paulo, SP, 01508-010, Brazil.
| | - José Humberto T G Fregnani
- Gynecologic Oncology Department, Fundação Pio XII, Hospital do Câncer de Barretos, Rua Antenor Duarte Villela, 1331, Barretos, SP, 14784-400, Brazil
| | - Juliano Jampietro
- International Research Center, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, Rua Taguá, 440 Liberdade, São Paulo, SP, 01508-010, Brazil
| | - Katia Cândido Carvalho
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, São Paulo, SP, 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Carolina Parucce Franco
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, Rua Antônio Prudente, 211, 1o. andar, São Paulo, SP, 01509-010, Brazil
| | - Wilson Luís da Costa
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, Rua Antônio Prudente, 211, 1o. andar, São Paulo, SP, 01509-010, Brazil
| | - Felipe J F Coimbra
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, Rua Antônio Prudente, 211, 1o. andar, São Paulo, SP, 01509-010, Brazil
| | - Fernando Augusto Soares
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, Rua Antônio Prudente, 211, 1o. andar, São Paulo, SP, 01509-010, Brazil.,Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Professor Lineu Prestes, 2227, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
81
|
Ishida H, Nakano T, Fujishima F, Kamei T, Taniyama Y, Sakurai T, Sato C, Fukutomi T, Kamiya K, Ozawa Y, Sasano H, Ohuchi N. Surgical resection and chemoradiotherapy for metachronous pulmonary metastasis of basaloid squamous cell carcinoma of the oesophagus. Int J Surg Case Rep 2015; 17:151-4. [PMID: 26629851 PMCID: PMC4701867 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2015.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma of the oesophagus (BSCCE) is a rare entity. A recurrent lesion was observed after resection of the pulmonary BSCCE metastasis. Pulmonary metastasis of BSCCE after lung metastasectomy was treated successfully with chemoradiotherapy.
Introduction Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma of the oesophagus (BSCCE) is a relatively rare variant of oesophageal malignancy. There are no established treatment strategies for pulmonary metastases of BSCCE. Presentation of case A 72-year-old man underwent oesophagectomy and subsequently received a pathological diagnosis of stage IIIA (T3N1M0) BSCCE according to Union for International Cancer Control. One year and 5 months later, he underwent partial resection of the right lung because of metastasis of the BSCCE. One year and 6 months after the pulmonary resection, recurrence in the right lung was observed. The patient was treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy using cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil, and the lesion completely disappeared. The patient is doing well without recurrence 5 years after chemoradiotherapy. Discussion In our case, the recurrent lesion in the right lung was observed after the pulmonary resection. It is difficult to determine whether the recurrent lesion is solitary or multiple and whether it is a local or pleural metastasis. Therefore, surgical indication must be decided carefully. Systemic chemotherapy or radiotherapy is useful to treat BSCCE metastasis, however, appropriate, but which agents and their regimens are appropriate is not clear. Concurrent chemotherapy using cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil and radiotherapy for pulmonary BSCCE metastases may provide curative therapy and should be considered. Conclusion This report describes a case of recurrent pulmonary metastasis after pulmonary resection of BSCCE metastasis, successfully treated by concurrent chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Further studies are required to establish the indications and efficacy of these therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hirotaka Ishida
- Division of Advanced Surgical Science and Technology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai-shi, Miyagi 980-8574, Japan
| | - Toru Nakano
- Division of Advanced Surgical Science and Technology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai-shi, Miyagi 980-8574, Japan.
| | - Fumiyoshi Fujishima
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Hospital, 1-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai-shi, Miyagi 980-8574, Japan
| | - Takashi Kamei
- Division of Advanced Surgical Science and Technology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai-shi, Miyagi 980-8574, Japan
| | - Yusuke Taniyama
- Division of Advanced Surgical Science and Technology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai-shi, Miyagi 980-8574, Japan
| | - Tadashi Sakurai
- Division of Advanced Surgical Science and Technology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai-shi, Miyagi 980-8574, Japan
| | - Chiaki Sato
- Division of Advanced Surgical Science and Technology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai-shi, Miyagi 980-8574, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Fukutomi
- Division of Advanced Surgical Science and Technology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai-shi, Miyagi 980-8574, Japan
| | - Kuroudo Kamiya
- Division of Advanced Surgical Science and Technology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai-shi, Miyagi 980-8574, Japan
| | - Yohei Ozawa
- Division of Advanced Surgical Science and Technology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai-shi, Miyagi 980-8574, Japan
| | - Hironobu Sasano
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Hospital, 1-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai-shi, Miyagi 980-8574, Japan
| | - Noriaki Ohuchi
- Division of Advanced Surgical Science and Technology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai-shi, Miyagi 980-8574, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
82
|
Joglekar S, Daneshvar S, Sinha A, Saxena P. Metastatic primary cutaneous basaloid squamous cell carcinoma: transformation after 20 years of neglect. ANZ J Surg 2015; 88:E87-E88. [PMID: 26336073 DOI: 10.1111/ans.13275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shantanu Joglekar
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Simin Daneshvar
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Austin Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alka Sinha
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Pankaj Saxena
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
83
|
Pathak J, Patel S, Iyer JS, Mohanty N. Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma of the maxilla. BMJ Case Rep 2015; 2015:bcr-2014-209038. [PMID: 26055591 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2014-209038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma (BSCC) is a distinctive aggressive variant of squamous cell carcinoma. We present a case of a 60-year-old man with tender swelling in the right cheek region for 6 months and continuous unilateral nasal discharge for 2 months. Extraoral examination revealed an ovoid, well-defined swelling from the right infraorbital rim to the angle of the mouth superoinferiorly and the right lateral wall of the nose to preauricular region anteroposteriorly. Intraorally, an ulceroproliferative growth from right upper gingivobuccal sulcus to mid palatine raphe with bicortical expansion was evident. CT revealed a hypodense mass obliterating the right maxillary sinus. Histopathology showed closely packed basaloid cells, with hyperchromatic palisading nuclei, arranged in a solid pattern with a lobular configuration. Prominent areas of comedo necrosis and keratin pearl formation were seen. These features suggested BSCC. The patient underwent surgical excision with adjuvant radiation but was lost to follow-up after 6 months of radiation therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jigna Pathak
- Department of Oral Pathology, MGM Dental College & Hospital, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shilpa Patel
- Department of Oral Pathology, MGM Dental College & Hospital, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Janaki Subramanian Iyer
- Department of Oral Pathology, MGM Dental College & Hospital, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Neeta Mohanty
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Institute of Dental Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India, Institute of Dental Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| |
Collapse
|
84
|
Kuan EC, Peng KA, Bhuta S, Diaz MFP, Zhang ZF, Abemayor E, St. John MA. Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma of the maxilla: Report of a case and literature review. Am J Otolaryngol 2015; 36:402-7. [PMID: 25798549 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2015.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma (BSCC) is a rare variant of squamous cell carcinoma characterized by a highly aggressive clinical course. Though typically found in the larynx, oropharynx, and hypopharynx, we report a rare case of BSCC originating in the maxillary sinus in an otherwise healthy 32-year-old male. MATERIALS AND METHODS Single case report of a patient with BSCC of the maxillary sinus and retrospective chart review of all cases of BSCC of the maxilla at a single academic institution between January 1, 1986 and December 31, 2013. The MEDLINE database was additionally queried for all case series or reports of BSCC arising in the maxilla, and pertinent clinical data were extracted. RESULTS The clinical presentation, disease course, and management of a patient with BSCC of the maxilla are presented. In this recent case, the patient presented with persistent alveolar pain and a nonhealing tooth infection. Radiographic studies demonstrated a large necrotic mass in the left maxillary sinus that was biopsy-proven as BSCC. The patient underwent surgical resection followed by postoperative radiation without complications. CONCLUSIONS BSCC of the maxilla is a rare oncologic entity that may progress to late disease stage without obvious clinical signs or symptoms. Optimal treatment involves complete surgical resection followed by postoperative.
Collapse
|
85
|
Ferlito A, Coca-Pelaz A, Rodrigo JP, Triantafyllou A, Devaney KO, Hunt JL, Perez-Ordoñez B, Slootweg PJ, Bell D, Bishop JA, Rinaldo A. New tumor phenotypes reported in the larynx in the last decades: a critique. Am J Otolaryngol 2015; 36:494-7. [PMID: 25725968 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2015.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alfio Ferlito
- University of Udine School of Medicine, Udine, Italy.
| | - Andrés Coca-Pelaz
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Juan P Rodrigo
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Asterios Triantafyllou
- Pathology Department, Liverpool Clinical Laboratories and Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Jennifer L Hunt
- Department of Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR
| | - Bayardo Perez-Ordoñez
- Department of Pathology, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Pieter J Slootweg
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Diana Bell
- Department of Pathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Justin A Bishop
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD
| | | |
Collapse
|
86
|
|
87
|
Westra WH. The pathology of HPV-related head and neck cancer: implications for the diagnostic pathologist. Semin Diagn Pathol 2015; 32:42-53. [PMID: 25804343 DOI: 10.1053/j.semdp.2015.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A subset of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas are caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV). This HPV-related form of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HPV-HNSCC) has captured the attention of the oncology community for its rising incidence, its link to non-traditional risk factors, and its divergent clinical behavior. To diagnose this special form of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma is to provide important prognostic information and, in some instances, redirect clinical therapy. The diagnosis of HPV-HNSCC is aided by a strong appreciation for its characteristic microscopic findings and by an awareness of aberrant features that set apart a growing list of HPV-HNSCC morphologic variants. This review will delineate the microscopic appearance of HPV-HNSCC, spotlight ways in which the misinterpretation of these microscopic features can lead to diagnostic confusion, offer recommendations for appropriate terminology when diagnosing HPV-HNSCC, and provide examples of specific diagnostic scenarios where HPV testing can inform the diagnostic process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William H Westra
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland.
| |
Collapse
|
88
|
Jacobi C, Ayx I, Fritsche K, Piontek G, Hoffmann D, Weirich G, Knopf A. Potential impact of human papilloma virus on survival of basaloid squamous carcinoma of the head and neck. Oncotarget 2015; 6:3462-70. [PMID: 25739121 PMCID: PMC4413667 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Basaloid-squamous-carcinomas (BSCC) have been considered as aggressive variants of common squamous-cell-carcinomas (HNSCC). Recent studies demonstrated a different clinical course depending on the tumour site. The aim of the study is to analyze the histopathologic/clinical features of BSCC/HNSCC resolved by the HPV-status. METHODS We analysed the histopathologic/clinical features of BSCC (n=59) and HNSCC (n=981), subdivided due to the HPV status. Differences were analysed using Chi square, Fisher exact, and student's t-test. Survival rates were calculated by Kaplan-Meier and log-rank test. Prognostic variables were subsequently evaluated by Cox regression. RESULTS Our cohort was congruent with the literature regarding sex, age, metastases, and a predilection in the oropharynx. HNSCC/BSCC did not show a different disease-specific-survival. After UICC matching, univariate analysis revealed a better survival of UICC stage IVa BSCC compared to HNSCC (69% vs. 42%, p=0.022) that was associated with a better response to radio-chemotherapy (p = 0.009). These results referred to the high prevalence of HPV+ (86%) oropharyngeal BSCC. Subgroup analysis demonstrated a better survival of HPV+ oropharyngeal BSCC than HPV- BSCC (p=0.017). CONCLUSION The clinical outcome in BSCC depends on the tumour site and HPV-status. Prospective studies have to evaluate the beneficial application of postoperative radio-chemotherapy in HPV+ BSCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Isabelle Ayx
- Otorhinolaryngology, Ismaningerstr. 22, München, Germany
| | | | - Guido Piontek
- Otorhinolaryngology, Ismaningerstr. 22, München, Germany
| | - Dieter Hoffmann
- Institute of Virology, Technische Universität and Helmholtz Zentrum München, Trogerstr. 30, 81675 München, Germany
| | - Gregor Weirich
- Institute of Pathology, Ismaningerstr. 22, München, Germany
| | - Andreas Knopf
- Otorhinolaryngology, Ismaningerstr. 22, München, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
89
|
Baba Y, Ishimoto T, Harada K, Kosumi K, Murata A, Miyake K, Hiyoshi Y, Kurashige J, Iwatsuki M, Iwagami S, Miyamoto Y, Sakamoto Y, Yoshida N, Oki E, Iyama KI, Watanabe M, Baba H. Molecular Characteristics of Basaloid Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Esophagus: Analysis of KRAS, BRAF, and PIK3CA Mutations and LINE-1 Methylation. Ann Surg Oncol 2015; 22:3659-65. [PMID: 25691283 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-015-4445-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma (BSCC) of the esophagus is a rare carcinoma with distinct characteristics, and was recently recognized as a variant of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). We previously revealed genetic and epigenetic alterations associated with esophageal SCCs in relation to clinical outcome, including mutations in KRAS, BRAF, and PIK3CA, p53 expression, and long interspersed nucleotide element-1 (LINE-1) methylation, a surrogate marker for global DNA methylation level. In this study, we explored these features in BSCC. METHODS A database of 502 esophageal cancers was used to evaluate the clinical and molecular characteristics of BSCC. KRAS, BRAF, and PIK3CA mutations and LINE-1 methylation were analyzed by pyrosequencing. RESULTS Of 502 tumors, 22 (4.4 %) were pathologically diagnosed as BSCC, and 440 (87 %) as SCC. No prognostic differences between BSCC and SCC cases were identified (p = 0.41). KRAS or BRAF mutations were not observed in BSCCs. While 23 % of SCC tumors harbored a PIK3CA mutation, all BSCC cases were wild-type for PIK3CA (p = 0.002), and there were no differences in p53 expression between BSCCs and SCCs (p = 0.57), as assessed by immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, BSCC tissues exhibited significantly lower levels of LINE-1 methylation than SCC tissues (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS These findings imply that esophageal BSCC and SCC retain different cellular phenotypes with distinct genetic and epigenetic alterations; thus, tailored therapeutic strategies should be developed against each cancer type.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshifumi Baba
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto City, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Takatsugu Ishimoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto City, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kazuto Harada
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto City, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Keisuke Kosumi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto City, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Asuka Murata
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto City, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Keisuke Miyake
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto City, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yukiharu Hiyoshi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto City, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Junji Kurashige
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto City, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Masaaki Iwatsuki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto City, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Shiro Iwagami
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto City, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yuji Miyamoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto City, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yasuo Sakamoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto City, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Naoya Yoshida
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto City, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Eiji Oki
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Iyama
- Department of Pathology, Kumamoto General Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Masayuki Watanabe
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideo Baba
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto City, Kumamoto, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
90
|
Histopathology of human papillomavirus-related oropharyngeal carcinoma: a review of classic and variant forms. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mpdhp.2015.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
91
|
Webb DV, Mentrikoski MJ, Verduin L, Brill LB, Wick MR. Basal cell carcinoma vs basaloid squamous cell carcinoma of the skin: an immunohistochemical reappraisal. Ann Diagn Pathol 2015; 19:70-5. [PMID: 25702956 DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2015.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Typical cutaneous basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) are morphologically dissimilar. It is well known, however, that poorly differentiated SCC may assume a basaloid phenotype, complicating the histologic distinction between these 2 neoplasms. Selected immunohistochemical stains have been used in the past to aid in that differential diagnosis. In the current study, additional markers were evaluated to determine whether they would be helpful in that regard. Twenty-nine cases of metatypical (squamoid) BCC (MBCC) and 25 examples of basaloid SCC (BSCC) were studied using the antibodies Ber-EP4 and MOC-31 as well as a plant lectin preparation from Ulex europaeus I (UEA-1). The resulting immunostains were interpreted independently by 3 pathologists, and the results showed that MBCCs demonstrated strong and diffuse staining for Ber-EP4 (25/29) and MOC-31 (29/29). In contrast, BSCCs tended to be only sporadically reactive for both markers (4/25 and 1/25 cases, respectively). Labeling for UEA-1 was observed in almost all BSCCs (24/25), but only 6 of 29 cases of MBCC showed limited, focal staining with that lectin. These data suggest that MOC-31 is a useful marker in the specified differential diagnosis, especially when used together with UEA-1.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/chemistry
- Biomarkers, Tumor/chemistry
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Basal Cell/diagnosis
- Carcinoma, Basal Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Basal Cell/pathology
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/diagnosis
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Diagnosis, Differential
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry/methods
- Skin Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Skin Neoplasms/metabolism
- Skin Neoplasms/pathology
- Ulex/chemistry
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David V Webb
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia Medical Center, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Mark J Mentrikoski
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia Medical Center, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Lindsey Verduin
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia Medical Center, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Louis B Brill
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia Medical Center, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Mark R Wick
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia Medical Center, Charlottesville, VA.
| |
Collapse
|
92
|
|
93
|
Tan SH, Chong AW, Nazarina AR, Prepageran N. Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx: comparison of two cases and review of the literature. Otolaryngol Pol 2014; 68:268-70. [PMID: 25283325 DOI: 10.1016/j.otpol.2013.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We describe a rare case of BSCC in the retromolar trigone with only 3 other cases in the literature and also compare the differences between 2 cases of BSCC in terms of presentation and progression. The first patient had a markedly slower progression with painful retromolar trigone swelling over 4 months without nodal metastases. In contrast, the second patient gave a 2-week history of neck swelling with nodal involvement, indicating extremely rapid progression. Our management was tailored accordingly with the first patient undergoing intraoral excision of tumour and adjuvant radiotherapy while the other had bilateral neck dissection with postoperative chemoradiotherapy. Both patients achieved good outcome and are free from disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sien Hui Tan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Aun Wee Chong
- Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Rahman Nazarina
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Narayanan Prepageran
- Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
94
|
Tutar H, Aydil U, Ekinci O, Bakkal FK, Tutar VB, Kizil Y, Ugur MB. The basaloid variant of squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2014; 80:245-50. [PMID: 25153110 PMCID: PMC9535479 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjorl.2014.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2013] [Accepted: 02/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma (BSCC) is a rare subtype of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Because of its rarity, both clinical and prognostic features of this variant are not well known. Objective In this study, we aimed to determine the frequency of BSCC and other SCC variants among all laryngeal SCC cases, and to determine clinical and prognostic features of BSCC variant. Study design: retrospective cohort study. Evidence level: Level 2b. Material and methods Records of the patients who had laryngeal SCC surgically treated at our institute between 2007 and 2013 were retrospectively reviewed. Results Among 198 subjects who had laryngeal SCC surgically treated, the frequency of the variants of SCC other than classical variant was 10.1% (20/198). The most common SCC variant was BSCC (6.6%). Eleven (84.6%) patients with BSCC were at an advanced stage at the presentation (p > 0.05). The 3-year overall survival and disease-free survival rates were 63% and 53% respectively. Conclusion BSCC variant may be more common than previously reported. Since almost the half of patients experiences disease recurrence in the early period, multimodal treatment strategies should be employed at initial treatment, and a close follow-up is strongly recommended for this aggressive SCC variant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hakan Tutar
- Faculty of Medicine, Gazi Universtiy, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Utku Aydil
- ENT Department, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi Universtiy, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ozgür Ekinci
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi Universtiy, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | | | - Yusuf Kizil
- ENT Department, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi Universtiy, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Birol Ugur
- ENT Department, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi Universtiy, Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
95
|
Shah AA, Jeffus SK, Stelow EB. Squamous cell carcinoma variants of the upper aerodigestive tract: a comprehensive review with a focus on genetic alterations. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2014; 138:731-44. [PMID: 24878013 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2013-0070-ra] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Squamous cell carcinoma of the upper aerodigestive tract is a heterogenous entity. Although conventional squamous cell carcinomas are easily recognized, the morphologic variants of squamous cell carcinoma can present a diagnostic challenge. Familiarity with these variants is necessary because many are associated with unique risk factors and are characterized by specific molecular alterations (eg, nuclear protein in testis midline carcinomas). Perhaps the most important distinction is in identifying viral-related from nonviral-related carcinomas. The accurate diagnosis of these variants is necessary for prognostic and therapeutic reasons. OBJECTIVES To provide a clinicopathologic overview and summary of the molecular alterations of the common squamous cell carcinoma variants, including verrucous, spindle cell, acantholytic, adenosquamous, basaloid, and papillary squamous cell carcinoma, as well as nuclear protein in testis midline carcinoma, and to discuss the distinguishing features of human papillomavirus- and Epstein-Barr virus-related squamous cell carcinomas. DATA SOURCES Published peer-reviewed literature. CONCLUSIONS Familiarity with squamous cell carcinoma variants is essential for proper diagnosis and to guide appropriate clinical management. Further insight into the molecular alterations underlying those variants may lead to alterations in existing treatment approaches and to evolution of novel treatment modalities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akeesha A Shah
- From the Department of Pathology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
96
|
Ha TH, Jeon TJ, Park JY, Jang YH, Kim DH, Ryu MJ, Sinn DH, Oh TH. [A case of basaloid squamous cell carcinoma of rectosigmoid colon]. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY 2014; 62:375-8. [PMID: 24365738 DOI: 10.4166/kjg.2013.62.6.375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma is a rare and aggressive variant of squamous cell carcinoma, which mostly occurs in the upper aerodigestive tracts. Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma also typically arises in the anal canal, but is extremely rare in the lower gastrointestinal tract. A 70-year-old man presented with loose stool and intermittent hematochezia 2 months ago. Colonoscopy showed an ulceroinfiltrative mass on the rectosigmoid colon from 16 cm to 18 cm above the anal verge. Conventional colonoscope could not pass through the lesion but it was possible with pediatric colonoscope. Abdominal CT scan showed 1.6 cm sized wall thickening with circumferential luminal narrowing in the rectosigmoid colon and multiple ill-defined low density masses in both lobes of the liver. Therefore, colon cancer with liver metastasis was suspected. However, basaloid cells were noted on histologic examination, and they were weakly positive for synaptophysin on immunohistochemical study. After palliative lower anterior resection, histologic examination of the resected specimen revealed basaloid differentiation with keratin pearls, and tumor cells were positively stained with high molecular weighted cytokeratin (34BE12) and CK 5/6. Thus, the patient was finally diagnosed with basaloid squamous cell carcinoma of rectosigmoid colon with distant metastases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tae Hwan Ha
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital, 1342 Dongil-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 139-707, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
97
|
Xie S, Bredell M, Yang H, Shen S, Yang H. Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma of the maxillary gingiva: A case report and review of the literature. Oncol Lett 2014; 8:1287-1290. [PMID: 25120708 PMCID: PMC4114586 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2014.2318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma (BSCC) is a rare, but distinct histologic variant of squamous cell carcinoma in the head and neck region. It is considered to have a poor prognosis due to its aggressive behavior and tendency to metastasize. The usual sites of BSCC are the floor of the mouth, hypopharynx and base of the tongue, and according to the English-language literature its presentation in the gingiva is somewhat uncommon. In the current report, the unusual case of a 40-year-old male is presented; the patient exhibited a painless irregular mass in the maxillary gingiva, which infiltrated the maxillary sinus, as observed by computed tomography. Hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections revealed a diagnosis of BSCC with typical central necrosis in the cancer nests, which contained basaloid and squamous cells. Immunohistochemistry revealed that p63 was weakly positive, high molecular weight cytokeratin (CK) was focally positive, and S-100, CK7, CK14 and vimentin were negative. It must be noted that histopathology results may be incorrectly interpreted as adenoid cystic carcinoma, undifferentiated carcinoma and basal cell adenocarcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shule Xie
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University, Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518001, P.R. China
| | - Marius Bredell
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, University Hospital of Zürich, Zürich CH-8091, Switzerland
| | - Hongyu Yang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University, Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518001, P.R. China
| | - Shiyue Shen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University, Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518001, P.R. China
| | - Huijun Yang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University, Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518001, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
98
|
Hanemann JAC, Oliveira DT, Nonogaki S, Nishimoto IN, de Carli ML, Landman G, Kowalski LP. Expression of E-cadherin and β-catenin in basaloid and conventional squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity: are potential prognostic markers? BMC Cancer 2014; 14:395. [PMID: 24893577 PMCID: PMC4049437 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma presents with a preference for the head and neck region, and shows a distinct aggressive behavior, with frequent local recurrences, regional and distant metastasis. The alterations in the cadherin-catenin complex are fundamental requirements for the metastasis process, and this is the first study to evaluate the immunostaining of E-cadherin and β-catenin in oral basaloid squamous cell carcinoma. Methods Seventeen cases of this tumor located exclusively in the mouth were compared to 26 cases of poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma and 28 cases of well to moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma matched by stage and tumor site. The immunostaining of E-cadherin and β-catenin were evaluated in the three groups and compared to their clinicopathological features and prognosis. Results For groups poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma and basaloid squamous cell carcinoma, reduction or absence of E-cadherin staining was observed in more than 80.0% of carcinomas, and it was statistically significant compared to well to moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (p = .019). A strong expression of β-catenin was observed in 26.9% and 20.8% of well to moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma and poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma, respectively, and in 41.2% of basaloid squamous cell carcinoma. The 5-year and 10-year overall and disease-free survival rates demonstrated no significant differences among all three groups. Conclusions The clinical and biological behavior of three groups of the oral cavity tumors evaluated are similar. E-cadherin and β-catenin immunostaining showed no prognostic value for basaloid and conventional squamous cell carcinomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- João Adolfo Costa Hanemann
- Department of Clinic and Surgery, School of Dentistry, Alfenas Federal University, 700, CEP 37130-000 Alfenas, MG, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
99
|
Zhou Y, Zang Y, Xiang J, Tang F, Chen Z. Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the cardia: Report of a rare case and review of the Chinese literature. Oncol Lett 2014; 8:726-730. [PMID: 25013491 PMCID: PMC4081280 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2014.2153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is a relatively common head and neck tumor, however, is rare in the digestive tracts. There have been <100 cases of esophageal ACC reported to date and no cases of gastric ACC. The present study reports the exceptional case of a 53-year-old male with a primary ACC of the cardia. The patient underwent a radical total gastrectomy with D2 lymphadenectomy and Roux-en-Y esophagojejunal reconstruction. Immunohistochemical analysis identified a case of primary ACC that exhibited a positive expression for cytokeratin, calponin, cluster of differentiation 117, p63 and smooth muscle actin, with typical cribriform foci. No signs of recurrence have been detected during the 30-month follow-up. Thus, a precise diagnosis of ACC is primarily based on the results of immunohistochemical analysis and radical resection is considered to be the best treatment option for ACC of the digestive tracts. The current study also reviewed 17 cases of ACC of the esophagus reported in China, with special reference to the criteria for histological diagnosis and therapeutic options. The prognosis of esophageal ACC is poor due to early metastasis, mainly relying on the resectability of the tumor
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Yiwen Zang
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Jianbin Xiang
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Feng Tang
- Department of Pathology, Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Zongyou Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
100
|
Fritsch VA, Gerry DR, Lentsch EJ. Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity: an analysis of 92 cases. Laryngoscope 2014; 124:1573-8. [PMID: 23946211 DOI: 10.1002/lary.24384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 07/07/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma (BSCC) is considered a rare and possibly more aggressive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) variant. Until now, a series of exclusively oral cavity BSCC patients has not been previously reported. We endeavored to compare BSCC and SCC of the oral cavity, focusing on epidemiologic factors and survival outcomes. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective analysis of population-based data. METHODS We compared epidemiologic factors, clinicopathologic data, and disease-specific survivals (DSS) between 92 patients with oral cavity BSCC and 15,181 patients with SCC. RESULTS High-grade tumors and distant metastases were more common in the BSCC group (P≤0.001). On multivariable analysis controlling for disease stage, BSCC patients had similar DSS to those with typical SCC (P=0.231). Although there was a trend favoring definitive radiotherapy for BSCC, there were no significant differences in treatment approach between BSCC and SCC. The choice of treatment modality (radiation, surgery±radiation) did not reveal a difference in DSS between the two tumor subtypes. CONCLUSION Analysis of the largest oral cavity BSCC series to date demonstrates that BSCC of the oral cavity carries a comparable prognosis to conventional-type oral SCC. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 2b.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valerie A Fritsch
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery (V.A.F., E.J.L.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | | | | |
Collapse
|