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Moon JH, Kong MH, Kim HJ. Low Muscle Mass and Depressed Mood in Korean Adolescents: a Cross-Sectional Analysis of the Fourth and Fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. J Korean Med Sci 2018; 33:e320. [PMID: 30534032 PMCID: PMC6281954 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2018.33.e320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Muscle mass and muscle function are related to depressed mood in studies of adults. Like adults, Korean students are highly likely to suffer from decreased muscle mass due to social conditions. In this study, we evaluated the muscle mass status of Korean adolescents and assess the effect of muscle on depressive mood. METHODS A total of 1,233 adolescent boys and girls participants from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were enrolled in our study. Participants underwent dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry for assessment of appendicular muscle mass and completed questionnaires regarding depressed mood, stress, suicidal ideations, and attempts. RESULTS There was no difference in depressive mood according to muscle mass among boys (P = 0.634); girls with decreased muscle mass had a greater tendency for depressed mood compared to girls with optimal muscle mass (P = 0.023). After adjusting for age, waist circumference-to-height ratio, smoking status, alcohol consumption, frequency of physical activity, self-reported obesity, weight-loss efforts, and monthly household income, girls with low muscle mass (LMM) were 2.60 times more at risk of developing depression than girls with normal muscle mass (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05-6.49; P = 0.040). This trend was similar for girls with LMM with obesity (95% CI, 1.00-11.97; P = 0.049). CONCLUSION Adolescent girls who have insufficient muscle mass are more likely to report depressed mood than girls who have ideal muscle mass. Interventions for maintaining proper muscle mass are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hyun Moon
- Department of Family Medicine, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Korea
| | - Mi Hee Kong
- Department of Family Medicine, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Korea
| | - Hyeon Ju Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Korea
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Kirkham FA, Bunting E, Fantin F, Zamboni M, Rajkumar C. Independent Association Between Cardio-Ankle Vascular Index and Sarcopenia in Older U.K. Adults. J Am Geriatr Soc 2018; 67:317-322. [PMID: 30460978 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.15648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the correlation between sarcopenia and arterial stiffness in Caucasians, centering on the relationship between skeletal mass index (SMI) and the cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) to assess the use of CAVI in predicting sarcopenia. DESIGN CROSS-SECTIONAL SETTING United Kingdom. PARTICIPANTS UK adults aged 45 years and over (N = 366, n = 177 male, n = 189 female). MEASUREMENTS Bioimpedance analysis was used to derive SMI. CAVI score was calculated using a vascular screening system. Handgrip strength was measured using a standard dynamometer. RESULTS Average CAVI was significantly correlated with SMI (correlation coefficient (r) = -0.285, p < .001), with higher correlation in women (r = -0.416, p < .001) than men (r = -0.214, p = .01). CAVI had the highest correlation with SMI from appendicular muscle (fat-free mass in men, r = -0.253, p = .002; predicted muscle mass in women, r = -0.436, p < .001). There was a significant difference in average CAVI between groups, with participants who were not sarcopenic having lower CAVI (8.98) than those who were sarcopenic (9.80) (p < .001, t-test). Linear regression was performed using SMI as the dependent variable. After adjustment for age, average CAVI was a significant predictor of SMI in women (beta = -0.332, p < .001) but not men. CONCLUSION Indices of sarcopenia are independently associated with a higher CAVI, with greater correlation in women than men. The CAVI can be used to assess overall vascular compliance and may be a useful operator-independent tool that can be used to measure sarcopenia and its cardiovascular implications in older adults. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:317-322, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances A Kirkham
- Department of Elderly Care and Stroke Medicine, Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals Trust, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Eva Bunting
- Department of Elderly Care and Stroke Medicine, Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals Trust, Brighton, United Kingdom.,University of Sussex, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Francesco Fantin
- Section of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Mauro Zamboni
- Section of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Chakravarthi Rajkumar
- Department of Elderly Care and Stroke Medicine, Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals Trust, Brighton, United Kingdom.,University of Sussex, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom
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Tsukamoto S, Shibasaki A, Naka A, Saito H, Iida K. Lactate Promotes Myoblast Differentiation and Myotube Hypertrophy via a Pathway Involving MyoD In Vitro and Enhances Muscle Regeneration In Vivo. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113649. [PMID: 30463265 PMCID: PMC6274869 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactate is a metabolic substrate mainly produced in muscles, especially during exercise. Recently, it was reported that lactate affects myoblast differentiation; however, the obtained results are inconsistent and the in vivo effect of lactate remains unclear. Our study thus aimed to evaluate the effects of lactate on myogenic differentiation and its underlying mechanism. The differentiation of C2C12 murine myogenic cells was accelerated in the presence of lactate and, consequently, myotube hypertrophy was achieved. Gene expression analysis of myogenic regulatory factors showed significantly increased myogenic determination protein (MyoD) gene expression in lactate-treated cells compared with that in untreated ones. Moreover, lactate enhanced gene and protein expression of myosin heavy chain (MHC). In particular, lactate increased gene expression of specific MHC isotypes, MHCIIb and IId/x, in a dose-dependent manner. Using a reporter assay, we showed that lactate increased promoter activity of the MHCIIb gene and that a MyoD binding site in the promoter region was necessary for the lactate-induced increase in activity. Finally, peritoneal injection of lactate in mice resulted in enhanced regeneration and fiber hypertrophy in glycerol-induced regenerating muscles. In conclusion, physiologically high lactate concentrations modulated muscle differentiation by regulating MyoD-associated networks, thereby enhancing MHC expression and myotube hypertrophy in vitro and, potentially, in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakuka Tsukamoto
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University, 2-1-1 Otsuka, Bunkyo, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan.
| | - Ayako Shibasaki
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University, 2-1-1 Otsuka, Bunkyo, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan.
| | - Ayano Naka
- Laboratory of Applied Nutrition, Faculty of Human Life and Environmental Sciences, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan..
| | - Hazuki Saito
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University, 2-1-1 Otsuka, Bunkyo, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan.
| | - Kaoruko Iida
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University, 2-1-1 Otsuka, Bunkyo, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan.
- The Institute for Human Life Innovation, Ochanomizu University, 2-1-1 Otsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan.
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Norman K, Otten L. Financial impact of sarcopenia or low muscle mass - A short review. Clin Nutr 2018; 38:1489-1495. [PMID: 30316536 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2018.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Low muscle mass is associated with increased falls, medical complications, length of hospital stay and loss of independence. An increasing number of studies has also shown the association between sarcopenia and health care expenditure. The following narrative review summarizes the current evidence on the economic relevance of low muscle mass (MM) or sarcopenia. METHODS An extensive search of the literature in Medline identified twelve studies in English, which evaluated direct and indirect health care expenditure in patients with low muscle mass or sarcopenia (low MM and strength or mobility). RESULTS Three studies analysed the cost of age-related loss of MM or strength in large surveys of the general, older population. Six retrospective analyses evaluated perioperative medical costs related to low MM in primarily older patients from different medical areas. One prospective study presented hospital costs related to sarcopenia in patients with gastric cancer. Two studies presented data from general hospital patients. Despite the difference in diagnostic criteria, study population and statistical design, low MM and sarcopenia were consistently identified as predictors of increased health care expenditure in community, perioperative and general hospital settings. CONCLUSIONS Low MM and sarcopenia are prevalent and associated with significantly higher health care costs. Considering the demographic change, which will lead to an increasing number of patients with sarcopenia, every effort should be made to identify and treat patients with sarcopenia. The use of a unified definition and diagnostic criteria would allow a better comparison of data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Norman
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Research Group on Geriatrics, Working Group Nutrition and Body Composition, Berlin, Germany; German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Dept. of Nutrition and Gerontology, Germany; University of Potsdam, Institute of Nutritional Science, Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Lindsey Otten
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Research Group on Geriatrics, Working Group Nutrition and Body Composition, Berlin, Germany; German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Dept. of Nutrition and Gerontology, Germany
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Kemmler W, von Stengel S, Kohl M. Developing sarcopenia criteria and cutoffs for an older Caucasian cohort - a strictly biometrical approach. Clin Interv Aging 2018; 13:1365-1373. [PMID: 30122908 PMCID: PMC6078090 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s167899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this strictly statistical approach was to provide a figure discrimination in a homogeneous cohort that is based on a main component, which includes disability, physical performance, and autonomy parameters. Methods We used data of 939 community-dwelling men aged ≥70 years, living in the area of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany. Briefly, we conducted a scaled principal component analysis based on criteria related to "physical function", "disability", "weakness", and "autonomy" to identify men who are likely to have sarcopenia as per the recognized sarcopenia criteria. Next, we applied fast-and-frugal decision trees, logistic regression, and classification and regression decision trees to classify men with and without sarcopenia, applying the 5% prevalence rate identified for this cohort by recent studies. Results In summary, the best fast-and-frugal decision trees included gait velocity, handgrip strength, and two skeletal muscle mass indices (SMI) - appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASMM)/body mass index (BMI) and ASMM/height2. Briefly, men below the cutoff point of 1.012 m/s for gait velocity were directly classified as sarcopenic. Faster men with a handgrip strength of >34.5 kg were excluded from further screening, while their weaker peers were assessed for SMI. Firstly, an ASMM/BMI-based exclusion criterion of >0.886 indicates no sarcopenia; while in men with a lower BMI-based SMI, an ASMM/height2 of <7.25 kg/m2 indicates sarcopenia. Of importance, about 72% of the participants can be classified without an SMI assessment. Conclusion The present approach that applied recognized sarcopenia criteria and was based on a predominately functional understanding of sarcopenia provided a simple and feasible decision rule for sarcopenia discrimination. In summary, we consider our approach as a strictly biometrical contribution within the development of sarcopenia screening methods. However, our tool needs to be further evaluated to validate its appropriateness to discriminate sarcopenia in this relevant cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Kemmler
- Institute of Medical Physics, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany,
| | - Simon von Stengel
- Institute of Medical Physics, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany,
| | - Matthias Kohl
- Department of Medical and Life Sciences, University of Furtwangen, Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany
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Associations between high-risk alcohol consumption and sarcopenia among postmenopausal women. Menopause 2018; 24:1022-1027. [PMID: 28590346 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000000879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sarcopenia is an age-related process, leading to cardio-metabolic diseases and disabilities. High-risk drinking is also closely related to diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia, which are modifiable risk factors for sarcopenia. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the association between alcohol-drinking patterns and sarcopenia in Korean postmenopausal women. METHODS Data from 2,373 postmenopausal women were analyzed from the 2008 to 2011 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. We defined sarcopenia as two standard deviations below the sex-specific means of the appendicular skeletal muscle/weight (percentage) values of a young reference group. Participants were categorized into three groups according to alcohol-drinking patterns, as assessed by the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test questionnaire. The odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for sarcopenia were calculated using multiple logistic regression analyses. RESULTS In total, 8.2% of Korean postmenopausal women met criteria for sarcopenia. The prevalence of sarcopenia increased from low-risk to high-risk alcohol-drinking groups as follows: 7.6, 11.0, and 22.7%, respectively. Compared with the low-risk group, the odds ratio (95% confidence interval) for the high-risk group was 4.29 (1.87-9.82) after adjusting for age, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, fasting blood glucose, household income, education level, daily calorie intake, current smoking and regular exercise, and household food security status CONCLUSIONS:: High-risk alcohol drinking was associated with a higher risk of sarcopenia in postmenopausal Korean women.
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Gu DH, Kim MY, Seo YS, Kim SG, Lee HA, Kim TH, Jung YK, Kandemir A, Kim JH, An H, Yim HJ, Yeon JE, Byun KS, Um SH. Clinical usefulness of psoas muscle thickness for the diagnosis of sarcopenia in patients with liver cirrhosis. Clin Mol Hepatol 2018; 24:319-330. [PMID: 29706058 PMCID: PMC6166111 DOI: 10.3350/cmh.2017.0077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims The most widely used method for diagnosing sarcopenia is the skeletal muscle index (SMI). Several studies have suggested that psoas muscle thickness per height (PMTH) is also effective for detecting sarcopenia and predicting prognosis in patients with cirrhosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the optimal cutoff values of PMTH for detecting sarcopenia in cirrhotic patients. Methods All cirrhotic patients who underwent abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan including L3 and umbilical levels for measuring SMI and transverse psoas muscle thickness, respectively, were included. Two definitions of sarcopenia were used: (1) sex-specific cutoffs of SMI (≤52.4 cm2 /m2 in men and ≤38.5 cm2 /m2 in women) for SMI-sarcopenia and (2) cutoff of PMTH (<16.8 mm/m) for PMTH-sarcopenia. Results Six hundred fifty-three patients were included. The average age was 53.6 ± 10.2 years, and 499 patients (76.4%) were men. PMTH correlated well with SMI in both men and women (P<0.001). Two hundred forty-one (36.9%) patients met the criteria for SMI-sarcopenia. The best PMTH cutoff values for predicting SMI-sarcopenia were 17.3 mm/m in men and 10.4 mm/m in women, and these were defined as sex-specific cutoffs of PMTH (SsPMTH). The previously published cutoff of PMTH was defined as sex-nonspecific cutoff of PMTH (SnPMTH). Two hundred thirty (35.2%) patients were diagnosed with SsPMTH-sarcopenia, and 280 (44.4%) patients were diagnosed with SnPMTH-sarcopenia. On a multivariate Cox regression analysis, SsPMTH-sarcopenia (hazard ratio [HR], 1.944; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.144–3.304; P=0.014) was significantly associated with mortality, while SnPMTH-sarcopenia was not (HR, 1.446; 95% CI, 0.861–2.431; P=0.164). Conclusions PMTH was well correlated with SMI in cirrhotic patients. SsPMTH-sarcopenia was an independent predictor of mortality in these patients and more accurately predicted mortality compared to SnPMTH-sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Hoe Gu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Moon Young Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Yeon Seok Seo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Gyune Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Han Ah Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae Hyung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Kul Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Altay Kandemir
- Department of Gastroenterology, Adnan Menderes University Medical School, Aydin, Turkey
| | - Ji Hoon Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyunggin An
- Department of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyung Joon Yim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Eun Yeon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kwan Soo Byun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soon Ho Um
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Ahn B, Pharaoh G, Premkumar P, Huseman K, Ranjit R, Kinter M, Szweda L, Kiss T, Fulop G, Tarantini S, Csiszar A, Ungvari Z, Van Remmen H. Nrf2 deficiency exacerbates age-related contractile dysfunction and loss of skeletal muscle mass. Redox Biol 2018; 17:47-58. [PMID: 29673700 PMCID: PMC6006677 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bumsoo Ahn
- Aging & Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Gavin Pharaoh
- Aging & Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Pavithra Premkumar
- Aging & Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Kendra Huseman
- Aging & Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Rojina Ranjit
- Aging & Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Michael Kinter
- Aging & Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Luke Szweda
- Aging & Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Tamas Kiss
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Gabor Fulop
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Translational Geroscience Laboratory, Donald W. Reynolds Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Stefano Tarantini
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Translational Geroscience Laboratory, Donald W. Reynolds Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Anna Csiszar
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Translational Geroscience Laboratory, Donald W. Reynolds Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Zoltan Ungvari
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Translational Geroscience Laboratory, Donald W. Reynolds Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Holly Van Remmen
- Aging & Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Oklahoma City VA Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
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Garcia-Contreras C, Vazquez-Gomez M, Torres-Rovira L, Gonzalez J, Porrini E, Gonzalez-Colaço M, Isabel B, Astiz S, Gonzalez-Bulnes A. Characterization of Ageing- and Diet-Related Swine Models of Sarcopenia and Sarcopenic Obesity. Int J Mol Sci 2018. [PMID: 29534532 PMCID: PMC5877684 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19030823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity are currently considered major global threats for health and well-being. However, there is a lack of adequate preclinical models for their study. The present trial evaluated the suitability of aged swine by determining changes in adiposity, fatty acids composition, antioxidant status and lipid peroxidation, development of metabolic disturbances and structural changes in tissues and organs. Iberian sows with clinical evidence of aging-related sarcopenia were fed a standard diet fulfilling their maintenance requirements or an obesogenic diet for 100 days. Aging and sarcopenia were related to increased lipid accumulation and cellular dysfunction at both adipose tissue and non-adipose ectopic tissues (liver and pancreas). Obesity concomitant to sarcopenia aggravates the condition by increasing visceral adiposity and causing dyslipidemia, insulin resistance and lipotoxicity in non-adipose tissues. These results support that the Iberian swine model represents certain features of sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity in humans, paving the way for future research on physiopathology of these conditions and possible therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marta Vazquez-Gomez
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | | | - Jorge Gonzalez
- Micros Veterinaria, Campus de Vegazana, 24007 Leon, Spain.
| | - Esteban Porrini
- Institute of Biomedical Technology (ITB), Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 Tenerife, Spain.
| | - Magali Gonzalez-Colaço
- Central Unit of Clinical Research and Clinical Assays (UCICEC), Universitary Hospital of Canary Island, 28010 Tenerife, Spain.
| | - Beatriz Isabel
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Susana Astiz
- Comparative Physiology Group, SGIT-INIA, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Antonio Gonzalez-Bulnes
- Comparative Physiology Group, SGIT-INIA, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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Oh C, No JK. Appropriate protein intake is one strategy in the management of metabolic syndrome in Korean elderly to mitigate changes in body composition. Nutr Res 2018; 51:21-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2017.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Duplanty AA, Siggins RW, Allerton T, Simon L, Molina PE. Myoblast mitochondrial respiration is decreased in chronic binge alcohol administered simian immunodeficiency virus-infected antiretroviral-treated rhesus macaques. Physiol Rep 2018; 6:e13625. [PMID: 29504290 PMCID: PMC5835494 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Work from our group demonstrated that chronic binge alcohol (CBA)-induces mitochondrial gene dysregulation at end-stage disease of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection in antiretroviral therapy (ART) naïve rhesus macaques. Alterations in gene expression can disrupt mitochondrial homeostasis and in turn contribute to the risk of metabolic comorbidities characterized by loss of skeletal muscle (SKM) functional mass that are associated with CBA, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, and prolonged ART. The aim of this study was to examine the interaction of CBA and ART on SKM fiber oxidative capacity and myoblast mitochondrial respiration in asymptomatic SIV-infected macaques. SKM biopsies were obtained and myoblasts isolated at baseline and 11 months post-SIV infection from CBA/SIV/ART+ and from sucrose (SUC)-treated SIV-infected (SUC/SIV/ART+) macaques. CBA and ART decreased succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity in type 1 and type 2b fibers as determined by immunohistochemistry. Myoblasts isolated from CBA/SIV/ART+ macaques showed decreased maximal oxygen consumption rate (OCR) compared to myoblasts from control macaques. Maximal OCR was significantly increased in control myoblasts following incubation with formoterol, a beta adrenergic agonist, and this was associated with increased PGC-1α expression and mtDNA quantity. Additionally, formoterol treatment of myoblasts isolated from CBA/SIV/ART+ macaques partially restored maximal OCR to levels not significantly different from control. These results show that CBA in combination with ART impairs myoblast mitochondrial homeostasis in SIV-infected macaques. Moreover, our findings suggest that adrenergic agonists can potentially ameliorate mitochondrial dysfunction. Future studies will elucidate whether physical exercise in HIV patients with alcohol use disorder can improve mitochondrial health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony A. Duplanty
- Department of PhysiologyComprehensive Alcohol Research Center, Alcohol and Drug Abuse Center of ExcellenceLouisiana State University Health Sciences CenterNew OrleansLouisiana
| | - Robert W. Siggins
- Department of PhysiologyComprehensive Alcohol Research Center, Alcohol and Drug Abuse Center of ExcellenceLouisiana State University Health Sciences CenterNew OrleansLouisiana
| | - Timothy Allerton
- Department of PhysiologyComprehensive Alcohol Research Center, Alcohol and Drug Abuse Center of ExcellenceLouisiana State University Health Sciences CenterNew OrleansLouisiana
| | - Liz Simon
- Department of PhysiologyComprehensive Alcohol Research Center, Alcohol and Drug Abuse Center of ExcellenceLouisiana State University Health Sciences CenterNew OrleansLouisiana
| | - Patricia E. Molina
- Department of PhysiologyComprehensive Alcohol Research Center, Alcohol and Drug Abuse Center of ExcellenceLouisiana State University Health Sciences CenterNew OrleansLouisiana
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Lee SJ, Park YJ, Cartmell KB. Sarcopenia in cancer survivors is associated with increased cardiovascular disease risk. Support Care Cancer 2018; 26:2313-2321. [PMID: 29411130 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-018-4083-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to assess the association between sarcopenia and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in cancer survivors. METHODS We analyzed a consecutive series of 683 cancer survivors from the Korean National Health and Nutritional Exam Survey (2008-2011 years). Sarcopenia was defined as the appendicular skeletal muscle mass divided by weight (Kg) < 1 standard deviation below the sex-specific healthy population aged 20-39 years. CVD risks were assessed using the Framingham Risk Score (FRS), which were divided by tertile. Predictors of higher shift of FRS tertile by sex were calculated by stratified ordinal logistic regression analyses. RESULTS Proportions of sarcopenia were 24.2% in males and 22.5% in females. Sarcopenic survivors were more likely to have a higher body mass index, waist circumference, blood pressure and fasting glucose level, and a lower high-density lipoprotein compared to those without sarcopenia. Sarcopenia was associated with a higher shift of FRS tertile (common odds ratio, 2.67; 95% confidence interval, 1.18-6.52, P < 0.001) in males. However, this association was not significant in female survivors. CONCLUSIONS Sarcopenia was associated with an increased CVD risk in Korean male cancer survivors. Interventions to prevent sarcopenia may be necessary to improve cardiovascular burden in cancer survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Jung Lee
- Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital Department of Nursing, Hallym University College, 77, Sakju-ro, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, 200-704, Republic of Korea
- Medical University of South Carolina College of Nursing, 96 Jonathan Lucas Street, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Yoon Jin Park
- Republic of Korea Armed Forces Nursing Academy, 90 Jaun-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34059, South Korea
| | - Kathleen B Cartmell
- Medical University of South Carolina College of Nursing, 96 Jonathan Lucas Street, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA.
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Yang D, Yang K, Yang M. Circular RNA in Aging and Age-Related Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1086:17-35. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-1117-8_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Min Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
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Im IJ, Choi HJ, Jeong SM, Kim HJ, Son JS, Oh HJ. The association between muscle mass deficits and arterial stiffness in middle-aged men. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2017; 27:1130-1135. [PMID: 29170061 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Early diagnosis of arteriosclerosis is fundamental for the prevention of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The current study was performed to identify major predictors of arteriosclerosis and to assess the association between arterial stiffness as measured by cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) and muscle mass deficit (MMD) estimated by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) in middle-aged men. METHODS AND RESULTS Data were gathered from 3356 middle-aged men who visited a health promotion center. CAVI was measured as an index of arterial stiffness. Body composition analysis was performed using BIA. MMD was positively associated with CAVI in the regression model. The odds ratios for high-CAVI (≥9.0) rose with MMD grade in a dose-dependent manner after adjusting for age, lifestyle factors and current medication use. The estimated mean CAVI rose as MMD grade increased (P for trend >0.001). CONCLUSIONS MMD estimated from BIA was positively associated with arterial stiffness in middle-aged men. These findings show a close interaction between low muscle mass and cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- I J Im
- Department of Family Medicine, Eulji University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - H J Choi
- Department of Family Medicine, Eulji University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
| | - S M Jeong
- Department of Family Medicine, Eulji University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - H J Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Eulji University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - J S Son
- Department of Family Medicine, Eulji University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - H J Oh
- Department of Family Medicine, Eulji University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Bentes CM, Costa PB, Resende M, Miranda HL, Silva CMV, Netto CC, Marinheiro LPF. Association between muscle function and body composition, vitamin D status, and blood glucose in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2017; 11 Suppl 2:S679-S684. [PMID: 28483427 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2017.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study was to examine the association between muscle function, and body composition, vitamin D status, and blood glucose in post-menopausal women with type 2 diabetes (T2D). METHODS Forty post-menopausal women (62.48±7.67years; 154.6±5.11cm; 73.93±15.43kg; 31.13±5.82 BMI kg/m2) with a diagnosis of T2D participated in this cross-sectional study. The patients performed fasting blood sample exams, anthropometrics assessments, body composition, and clinical exams. Subjects performed physical tests including handgrip, timed up and go, 30-s chair stand, arm curl, and sit-to-stand. The correlation between the parameters of physical tests, age, body composition, vitamin D, and blood glucose was assessed by Pearson correlation. RESULTS The results showed there were significant correlations between blood glucose and relative strength (R=-0.398, p=0.011), arm curl test (R=-0.367 and p=0.020), and hip flexion (R=0.427, p=0.006). CONCLUSIONS These findings are important because they highlight the importance of resistance training in individuals with T2D and the relationship with a fat increase during a dicrease process. Furthermore, the concentration of serum glucose might be associated with decreases in muscle strength and muscle function in older adults. Thus, T2D patients should be involved with strength training to improve the strength and the muscle hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio M Bentes
- Oswaldo Cruz Fundation, Fernandes Figueira Institute, Gynecologic and Obstetrics Department, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; School of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Pablo B Costa
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University, Fullerton, USA.
| | - Monique Resende
- Oswaldo Cruz Fundation, Fernandes Figueira Institute, Gynecologic and Obstetrics Department, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Humberto L Miranda
- School of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Carolina M V Silva
- Oswaldo Cruz Fundation, Fernandes Figueira Institute, Gynecologic and Obstetrics Department, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Claudia C Netto
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Lizanka P F Marinheiro
- Oswaldo Cruz Fundation, Fernandes Figueira Institute, Gynecologic and Obstetrics Department, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Sanada K, Chen R, Willcox B, Ohara T, Wen A, Takenaka C, Masaki K. Association of sarcopenic obesity predicted by anthropometric measurements and 24-y all-cause mortality in elderly men: The Kuakini Honolulu Heart Program. Nutrition 2017; 46:97-102. [PMID: 29290364 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the association between anthropometric measurements of sarcopenic obesity and all-cause mortality. METHODS The study included 2309 Japanese-American men ages 71 to 93 y. Mortality data were available for up to 24 y of follow-up. Sarcopenic obesity defined by three patterns of obesity indexes (body mass index [BMI], percent body fat [%BF] and waist circumference [WC]) and skeletal muscle index estimated by anthropometric measurements. RESULTS Of the 2309 participants, 2210 deaths were reported during the mean follow-up period of 11.7 y. Risk for death was significantly increased with sarcopenia after adjusting for baseline age, lifestyle variables, hypertension, diabetes, and cognitive scores (hazard ratio [HR], 1.26; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.15-1.38). Risk for death was significantly decreased with obesity using WC and %BF to define obesity, but not BMI. Risk for death also was significantly increased in the sarcopenia group compared with the optimal group, regardless of which pattern of obesity indexes (BMI, %BF, and WC) was used. Risk for death was significantly increased in sarcopenic obesity defined by WC (HR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.02-1.38), borderline in the BMI-defined group, and not significant in the %BF-defined group. CONCLUSION All-cause mortality was increased in men with sarcopenic obesity defined by WC, but not BMI and %BF. Sarcopenia was a stronger predictor of all-cause mortality in this cohort >70 y of age. These results suggest that anthropometric definitions for sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity are clinically useful as a predictor of all-cause mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyoshi Sanada
- College of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan; Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA.
| | - Randi Chen
- Honolulu Heart Program, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Bradley Willcox
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA; Honolulu Heart Program, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Tomoyuki Ohara
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA; Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Aida Wen
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Cody Takenaka
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Kamal Masaki
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA; Honolulu Heart Program, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
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Kim KM, Oh TJ, Jang H, Kook HJ, Song MS, Lee HY, Jang HC, Lim S. A Hospital-Based Prospective Cohort Study of Aged People to Elucidate the Predictive Factors for Chronic Disease and Mortality: HAPPY Cohort. Ann Geriatr Med Res 2017. [DOI: 10.4235/agmr.2017.21.2.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Min Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae Jung Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hana Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Kook
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Min Seung Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Hee Youn Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Hak Chul Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo Lim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Irisin prevents and restores bone loss and muscle atrophy in hind-limb suspended mice. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2811. [PMID: 28588307 PMCID: PMC5460172 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02557-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously showed that Irisin, a myokine released from skeletal muscle after physical exercise, plays a central role in the control of bone mass. Here we report that treatment with recombinant Irisin prevented bone loss in hind-limb suspended mice when administered during suspension (preventive protocol) and induced recovery of bone mass when mice were injected after bone loss due to a suspension period of 4 weeks (curative protocol). MicroCT analysis of femurs showed that r-Irisin preserved both cortical and trabecular bone mineral density, and prevented a dramatic decrease of the trabecular bone volume fraction. Moreover, r-Irisin protected against muscle mass decline in the hind-limb suspended mice, and maintained the fiber cross-sectional area. Notably, the decrease of myosin type II expression in unloaded mice was completely prevented by r-Irisin administration. Our data reveal for the first time that Irisin retrieves disuse‐induced bone loss and muscle atrophy. These findings may lead to development of an Irisin-based therapy for elderly immobile osteoporotic and physically disable patients, and might represent a countermeasure for astronauts subjected to microgravity-induced bone and muscle losses.
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Terada T, Boulé NG, Forhan M, Prado CM, Kenny GP, Prud'homme D, Ito E, Sigal RJ. Cardiometabolic risk factors in type 2 diabetes with high fat and low muscle mass: At baseline and in response to exercise. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2017; 25:881-891. [PMID: 28317297 DOI: 10.1002/oby.21808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the interplay between high fat and low muscle mass on cardiometabolic risk factors at baseline and in response to exercise in type 2 diabetes. METHODS Using baseline percent body fat and skeletal muscle mass index, 248 participants were divided into high fat versus low fat and low muscle versus high muscle. Linear mixed models were used to examine the main effects of fat mass and muscle mass and their interaction on baseline cardiometabolic risk factors and changes in risk factors in response to 6-month exercise training. RESULTS At baseline, there was a fat mass by muscle mass interaction effect on hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c ; P = 0.009), suggesting that low muscle was associated with elevated HbA1c in those with high fat but not low fat. Significant interactions between baseline fat mass and muscle mass on the exercise-induced changes in visceral adipose tissue, insulin resistance, and triglyceride concentration indicated that low muscle attenuated the exercise responses in participants with high fat at baseline (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS High fat and low muscle may be synergistically associated with higher HbA1c in type 2 diabetes. In participants with high fat mass, low muscle mass may attenuate exercise-induced improvements in some cardiometabolic risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasuku Terada
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Normand G Boulé
- Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Mary Forhan
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Carla M Prado
- Faculty of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Glen P Kenny
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Denis Prud'homme
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Institut recherche, Hôpital Montfort, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eiji Ito
- Faculty of Tourism, Wakayama University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Ronald J Sigal
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Departments of Medicine, Cardiac Sciences and Community Health Sciences, Faculties of Medicine and Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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The association between sleep duration and physical performance in Chinese community-dwelling elderly. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174832. [PMID: 28358845 PMCID: PMC5373617 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Physical performance is an important healthy factor in elder people. Good living habits, which include sleep, can maintain physical strength and physical performance. The aim of the present study was to conduct a cross-sectional study to determine the association between total sleep duration and physical performance. Methods Our study population comprised residents of the township central hospital in the suburban of Tianjin, China. We measured muscle strength, walk speed and balance function by grip, 4-m walk test and timed up and go test (TUGT). We divided sleep duration into four groups <7h, 7-8h, >8-9h, >9h. Results A total 898 participants had completed data (392 men and 506 women, mean age 67.71 years). In man, adjusted sleep duration was associated with lower grip in > 9 h group, the mean value (95% CI) was 0.429 (0.409, 0.448), and longer TUGT time was also associated with long sleep duration, 10.46s (9.97 s, 10.95 s). In women, adjusted slower 4-m walk speed present an inverse U-shaped relation with sleep duration, by 0.93 m/s (0.86 m/s, 0.98 m/s), 0.97 m/s (0.96 m/s, 1.00 m/s), 0.97 m/s (0.95 m/s, 0.99 m/s) and 0.92 m/s (0.89 m/s, 0.96 m/s); longer TUGT time were associated with long sleep duration (> 9 h), by 11.23 s (10.70 s, 11.77 s). Conclusion In Chinese community-dwelling elderly, lower muscle strength and lower balance function were associated with long sleep duration in men. Slower walk speed and lower balance function were associated with long sleep duration in women.
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Ran S, Zhang L, Liu L, Feng AP, Pei YF, Zhang L, Han YY, Lin Y, Li X, Kong WW, You XY, Zhao W, Tian Q, Shen H, Zhang YH, Deng HW. Gene-based genome-wide association study identified 19p13.3 for lean body mass. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45025. [PMID: 28322352 PMCID: PMC5359571 DOI: 10.1038/srep45025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lean body mass (LBM) is a complex trait for human health. To identify genomic loci underlying LBM, we performed a gene-based genome-wide association study of lean mass index (LMI) in 1000 unrelated Caucasian subjects, and replicated in 2283 unrelated Caucasians subjects. Gene-based association analyses highlighted the significant associations of three genes UQCR, TCF3 and MBD3 in one single locus 19p13.3 (discovery p = 6.10 × 10-5, 1.65 × 10-4 and 1.10 × 10-4; replication p = 2.21 × 10-3, 1.84 × 10-3 and 6.95 × 10-3; combined p = 2.26 × 10-6, 4.86 × 10-6 and 1.15 × 10-5, respectively). These results, together with the known functional relevance of the three genes to LMI, suggested that the 19p13.3 region containing UQCR, TCF3 and MBD3 genes was a novel locus underlying lean mass variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Ran
- Center of System Biomedical Sciences, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Jiangsu, PR China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Lu Liu
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Jiangsu, PR China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - An-Ping Feng
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Jiangsu, PR China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yu-Fang Pei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, Jiangsu, PR China
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Center of System Biomedical Sciences, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Ying-Ying Han
- Center of System Biomedical Sciences, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yong Lin
- Center of System Biomedical Sciences, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Xiao Li
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Jiangsu, PR China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Wei-Wen Kong
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Jiangsu, PR China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xin-Yi You
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Jiangsu, PR China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Wen Zhao
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Jiangsu, PR China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Qing Tian
- Department of Biostatistics, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Hui Shen
- Department of Biostatistics, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Yong-Hong Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, Jiangsu, PR China
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Hong-Wen Deng
- Center of System Biomedical Sciences, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, PR China
- Department of Biostatistics, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
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Fiogbé E, de Vassimon-Barroso V, de Medeiros Takahashi AC. Exercise training in older adults, what effects on muscle oxygenation? A systematic review. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2017; 71:89-98. [PMID: 28410504 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIM To determine the effects of different modality of exercise training programs on muscle oxygenation in older adults. METHODS Relevant articles were searched in PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct and Scopus, using the keywords: "Aged" AND "Muscle oxygenation" AND (Exercise OR "Exercise therapy" OR "Exercise Movement Techniques" OR Hydrotherapy), without limitation concerning the publication date. To be included in the full analysis, the study had to be a randomized controlled trial in which older adults participants (mean age: 65 years at least) were submitted to an exercise-training program and muscle oxygenation assessment. RESULTS The searches resulted in 1238 articles from which 7 met all the inclusion criteria. The trials involved 370 older adults (68.7±1.7years), healthy and with peripheral arterial disease. Studies included resistance and endurance exercises as well as walking sessions. Training sessions were 2-6 time per week, lasted 3-24 months and with different training intensity throughout studies. After a long-term resistance training, healthy older adults showed enhanced muscle oxygen extraction capacity, regulation of vessels and vascular endothelium function; endurance training is reported to improve microvascular blood flow and matching of oxygen delivery to oxygen utilization, muscle oxidative capacity and muscle saturation, and walking sessions results in better muscle oxygen availability and muscle oxygen extraction capacity in older adults with peripheral arterial disease. CONCLUSIONS This review supports the fact that depending on the clinical status of the participants and the modality, exercise training improves different aspects of the muscle oxygenation in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elie Fiogbé
- Department of Physiotherapy, Federal University of Sao Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
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Abe T, Hirasaka K, Nikawa T. Involvement of Cbl-b-mediated macrophage inactivation in insulin resistance. World J Diabetes 2017; 8:97-103. [PMID: 28344752 PMCID: PMC5348625 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v8.i3.97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging and overnutrition cause obesity in rodents and humans. It is well-known that obesity causes various diseases by producing insulin resistance (IR). Macrophages infiltrate the adipose tissue (AT) of obese individuals and cause chronic low-level inflammation associated with IR. Macrophage infiltration is regulated by the chemokines that are released from hypertrophied adipocytes and the immune cells in AT. Saturated fatty acids are recognized by toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and induce inflammatory responses in AT macrophages (ATMs). The inflammatory cytokines that are released from activated ATMs promote IR in peripheral organs, such as the liver, skeletal muscle and AT. Therefore, ATM activation is a therapeutic target for IR in obesity. The ubiquitin ligase Casitas b-lineage lymphoma-b (Cbl-b) appears to potently suppress macrophage migration and activation. Cbl-b is highly expressed in leukocytes and negatively regulates signals associated with migration and activation. Cbl-b deficiency enhances ATM accumulation and IR in aging- and diet-induced obese mice. Cbl-b inhibits migration-related signals and SFA-induced TLR4 signaling in ATMs. Thus, targeting Cbl-b may be a potential therapeutic strategy to reduce the IR induced by ATM activation. In this review, we summarize the regulatory functions of Cbl-b in ATMs.
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Molecular signatures of age-associated chronic degeneration of shoulder muscles. Oncotarget 2017; 7:8513-23. [PMID: 26885755 PMCID: PMC4890983 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic muscle diseases are highly prevalent in the elderly causing severe mobility limitations, pain and frailty. The intrinsic molecular mechanisms are poorly understood due to multifactorial causes, slow progression with age and variations between individuals. Understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms could lead to new treatment options which are currently limited. Shoulder complaints are highly common in the elderly, and therefore, muscles of the shoulder's rotator cuff could be considered as a model for chronic age-associated muscle degeneration. Diseased shoulder muscles were characterized by muscle atrophy and fatty infiltration compared with unaffected shoulder muscles. We confirmed fatty infiltration using histochemical analysis. Additionally, fibrosis and loss of contractile myosin expression were found in diseased muscles. Most cellular features, including proliferation rate, apoptosis and cell senescence, remained unchanged and genome-wide molecular signatures were predominantly similar between diseased and intact muscles. However, we found down-regulation of a small subset of muscle function genes, and up-regulation of extracellular region genes. Myogenesis was defected in muscle cell culture from diseased muscles but was restored by elevating MyoD levels. We suggest that impaired muscle functionality in a specific environment of thickened extra-cellular matrix is crucial for the development of chronic age-associated muscle degeneration.
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Vieira de Sousa M, Fukui R, Krustrup P, Dagogo-Jack S, Rossi da Silva ME. Combination of Recreational Soccer and Caloric Restricted Diet Reduces Markers of Protein Catabolism and Cardiovascular Risk in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. J Nutr Health Aging 2017; 21:180-186. [PMID: 28112773 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-015-0708-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Moderate calorie-restricted diets and exercise training prevent loss of lean mass and cardiovascular risk. Because adherence to routine exercise recommendation is generally poor, we utilized recreational soccer training as a novel therapeutic exercise intervention in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients. OBJECTIVE We compared the effects of acute and chronic soccer training plus calorie-restricted diet on protein catabolism and cardiovascular risk markers in T2D. DESIGN, SETTING AND SUBJECTS Fifty-one T2D patients (61.1±6.4 years, 29 females: 22 males) were randomly allocated to the soccer+diet-group (SDG) or to the diet-group (DG). The 40-min soccer sessions were held 3 times per week for 12 weeks. RESULTS Nineteen participants attended 100% of scheduled soccer sessions, and none suffered any injuries. The SDG group showed higher levels of growth hormone (GH), free fatty acids and ammonia compared with DG. After 12 weeks, insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFPB)-3 and glucose levels were lower in SDG, whereas insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1/ IGFBP-3 ratio increased in both groups. After the last training session, an increase in IGF-1/IGFBP-3 and attenuation in ammonia levels were suggestive of lower muscle protein catabolism. CONCLUSIONS Recreational soccer training was popular and safe, and was associated with decreased plasma glucose and IGFBP-3 levels, decreased ammoniagenesis, and increased lipolytic activity and IGF-1/IGFBP-3 ratio, all indicative of attenuated catabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Vieira de Sousa
- Maysa Vieira de Sousa, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455 - 3º andar - Sala 3324, São Paulo, SP, Brazil, 01246-000, Tel.: (+55 11) 3061 7259, e-mail:
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79
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Kim KM, Lee EY, Lim S, Jang HC, Kim CO. Favorable effects of skeletal muscle on bone are distinguished according to gender and skeletal sites. Osteoporos Sarcopenia 2016; 3:32-36. [PMID: 30775500 PMCID: PMC6372766 DOI: 10.1016/j.afos.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate associations between skeletal muscle mass and bone mineral density according to gender and skeletal sites. Methods Using the data from Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES IV) 2009, a total of 711 males and 847 females over 65 years of age were evaluated. Bone mineral density (BMD) and body composition were assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Results Relative appendicular skeletal muscle (RASM) was positively related with the femur BMD with a stronger relationship in males (r = 0.207, p < 0.001) than in females (r = 0.095, p < 0.05). However, lumbar spine BMDs in both males and females did not show any significant associations with the RASM value. In the logistic regression for osteoporosis expressed as a decrease of risk per increase of RASM by 1 standard deviation (SD) of the same sex healthy reference group, the age- and BMI-adjusted odds ratio (OR) for osteoporosis was 0.42 (95% CI 0.12–0.76) in the femur neck and 0.24 (95% CI 0.07–0.76) in the total hip for males. Among females, the age- and BMI-adjusted OR for osteoporosis was 0.65 (95% CI 0.33–1.00), which showed importance only in the total hip. Conclusions Higher RASM was significantly associated with lower risk for osteoporosis and the areas at the femur neck and total hip appeared to more likely be affected positively by muscle. Moreover, because males showed faster muscle loss with aging than females, the bones of males may be more prone to favorable effects of muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Min Kim
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital and Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam-si, South Korea.,Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun Young Lee
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Soo Lim
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital and Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam-si, South Korea
| | - Hak-Chul Jang
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital and Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam-si, South Korea
| | - Chang-Oh Kim
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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80
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Dynapenia and Metabolic Health in Obese and Nonobese Adults Aged 70 Years and Older: The LIFE Study. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2016; 18:312-319. [PMID: 27914851 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between dynapenia and metabolic risk factors in obese and nonobese older adults. METHODS A total of 1453 men and women (age ≥70 years) from the Lifestyle Interventions and Independence for Elders (LIFE) Study were categorized as (1) nondynapenic/nonobese (NDYN-NO), (2) dynapenic/nonobese (DYN-NO), (3) nondynapenic/obese (NDYN-O), or (4) dynapenic/obese (DYN-O), based on muscle strength (Foundation for the National Institute of Health criteria) and body mass index. Dependent variables were blood lipids, fasting glucose, blood pressure, presence of at least 3 metabolic syndrome (MetS) criteria, and other chronic conditions. RESULTS A significantly higher likelihood of having abdominal obesity criteria in NDYN-NO compared with DYN-NO groups (55.6 vs 45.1%, P ≤ .01) was observed. Waist circumference also was significantly higher in obese groups (DYN-O = 114.0 ± 12.9 and NDYN-O = 111.2 ± 13.1) than in nonobese (NDYN-NO = 93.1 ± 10.7 and DYN-NO = 92.2 ± 11.2, P ≤ .01); and higher in NDYN-O compared with DYN-O (P = .008). Additionally, NDYN-O demonstrated higher diastolic blood pressure compared with DYN-O (70.9 ± 10.1 vs 67.7 ± 9.7, P ≤ .001). No significant differences were found across dynapenia and obesity status for all other metabolic components (P > .05). The odds of having MetS or its individual components were similar in obese and nonobese, combined or not with dynapenia (nonsignificant odds ratio [95% confidence interval]). CONCLUSION Nonobese dynapenic older adults had fewer metabolic disease risk factors than nonobese and nondynapenic older adults. Moreover, among obese older adults, dynapenia was associated with lower risk of meeting MetS criteria for waist circumference and diastolic blood pressure. Additionally, the presence of dynapenia did not increase cardiometabolic disease risk in either obese or nonobese older adults.
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81
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Abdelmohsen K, Panda AC, De S, Grammatikakis I, Kim J, Ding J, Noh JH, Kim KM, Mattison JA, de Cabo R, Gorospe M. Circular RNAs in monkey muscle: age-dependent changes. Aging (Albany NY) 2016; 7:903-10. [PMID: 26546448 PMCID: PMC4694061 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been identified in numerous species, including human, mouse, nematode, and coelacanth. They are believed to function as regulators of gene expression at least in part by sponging microRNAs. Here, we describe the identification of circRNAs in monkey (Rhesus macaque) skeletal muscle. RNA sequencing analysis was employed to identify and annotate ∼12,000 circRNAs, including numerous circular intronic RNAs (ciRNAs), from skeletal muscle of monkeys of a range of ages. Reverse transcription followed by real-time quantitative (q)PCR analysis verified the presence of these circRNAs, including the existence of several highly abundant circRNAs, and the differential abundance of a subset of circRNAs as a function of age. Taken together, our study has documented systematically circRNAs expressed in skeletal muscle and has identified circRNAs differentially abundant with advancing muscle age. We propose that some of these circRNAs might influence muscle function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotb Abdelmohsen
- Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
| | - Amaresh C Panda
- Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
| | - Supriyo De
- Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
| | - Ioannis Grammatikakis
- Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
| | - Jiyoung Kim
- Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
| | - Jun Ding
- Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
| | - Ji Heon Noh
- Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
| | - Kyoung Mi Kim
- Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
| | - Julie A Mattison
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
| | - Rafael de Cabo
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
| | - Myriam Gorospe
- Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
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82
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Benigni A, Perico L, Macconi D. Mitochondrial Dynamics Is Linked to Longevity and Protects from End-Organ Injury: The Emerging Role of Sirtuin 3. Antioxid Redox Signal 2016; 25:185-99. [PMID: 26972664 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2016.6682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Mitochondrial integrity is instrumental in protecting against damage associated with aging and a variety of chronic disease conditions. Mitochondrial silent information regulator 3 (Sirt3) plays pivotal roles in maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis by regulating different aspects of the organelle processes. RECENT ADVANCES Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles that constantly fuse and divide to maintain normal cell function, and perturbation in mitochondrial dynamics is responsible for mitochondrial dysfunction. Improved knowledge of mitochondrial physiology has disclosed the pleiotropic role of Sirt3 in mitochondria and shows how alterations in protein expression and/or activity may have an important impact on aging-associated organ dysfunction. CRITICAL ISSUES This review describes updated experimental evidence on the role of mitochondrial dysfunction during aging and renal diseases and highlights the emerging role of Sirt3 as a crucial regulator of mitochondrial dynamics. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Strategies that activate Sirt3 may offer attractive therapies to achieve healthy longevity and preserve functional integrity of multiple organs. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 25, 185-199.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariela Benigni
- IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Centro Anna Maria Astori, Science and Technology Park Kilometro Rosso, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Luca Perico
- IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Centro Anna Maria Astori, Science and Technology Park Kilometro Rosso, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Daniela Macconi
- IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Centro Anna Maria Astori, Science and Technology Park Kilometro Rosso, Bergamo, Italy
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83
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Identification of morphological markers of sarcopenia at early stage of aging in skeletal muscle of mice. Exp Gerontol 2016; 83:22-30. [PMID: 27435496 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2016.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The gastrocnemius muscle (GM) of young (3months) and aged (12months) female wild-type C57/BL6 mice was examined by light and electron microscopy, looking for the presence of structural changes at early stage of the aging process. Morphometrical parameters including body and gastrocnemius weights, number and type of muscle fibers, cross section area (CSA), perimeter, and Feret's diameter of single muscle fiber, were measured. Moreover, lengths of the sarcomere, A-band, I-band, H-zone, and number and CSA of intermyofibrillar mitochondria (IFM), were also determined. The results provide evidence that 12month-old mice had significant changes on skeletal muscle structure, beginning with the reduction of gastrocnemius weight to body weight ratio, compatible with an early loss of skeletal muscle function and strength. Moreover, light microscopy revealed increased muscle fibers size, with a significant increase on their CSA, perimeter, and diameter of both type I and type II muscle fibers, and a reduction in the percentage of muscle area occupied by type II fibers. Enhanced connective tissue infiltrations, and the presence of centrally nucleated muscle fibers, were also found in aged mice. These changes may underlie an attempt to compensate the loss of muscle mass and muscle fibers number. Furthermore, electron microscopy discovered a significant age-dependent increase in the length of sarcomeres, I and H bands, and reduction on the overlapped actin/myosin length, supporting contractile force loss with age. Electron microscopy also showed an increased number and CSA of IFM with age, which may reveal more endurance at 12months of age. Together, mice at early stage of aging already show significant changes in gastrocnemius muscle morphology and ultrastructure that are suggestive of the onset of sarcopenia.
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84
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Lucassen EA, Coomans CP, van Putten M, de Kreij SR, van Genugten JHLT, Sutorius RPM, de Rooij KE, van der Velde M, Verhoeve SL, Smit JWA, Löwik CWGM, Smits HH, Guigas B, Aartsma-Rus AM, Meijer JH. Environmental 24-hr Cycles Are Essential for Health. Curr Biol 2016; 26:1843-53. [PMID: 27426518 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2016.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are deeply rooted in the biology of virtually all organisms. The pervasive use of artificial lighting in modern society disrupts circadian rhythms and can be detrimental to our health. To investigate the relationship between disrupting circadian rhythmicity and disease, we exposed mice to continuous light (LL) for 24 weeks and measured several major health parameters. Long-term neuronal recordings revealed that 24 weeks of LL reduced rhythmicity in the central circadian pacemaker of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) by 70%. Strikingly, LL exposure also reduced skeletal muscle function (forelimb grip strength, wire hanging duration, and grid hanging duration), caused trabecular bone deterioration, and induced a transient pro-inflammatory state. After the mice were returned to a standard light-dark cycle, the SCN neurons rapidly recovered their normal high-amplitude rhythm, and the aforementioned health parameters returned to normal. These findings strongly suggest that a disrupted circadian rhythm reversibly induces detrimental effects on multiple biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliane A Lucassen
- Laboratory for Neurophysiology, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Claudia P Coomans
- Laboratory for Neurophysiology, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Maaike van Putten
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Suzanne R de Kreij
- Laboratory for Neurophysiology, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jasper H L T van Genugten
- Laboratory for Neurophysiology, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Robbert P M Sutorius
- Laboratory for Neurophysiology, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Karien E de Rooij
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZC Leiden, the Netherlands; Percuros BV, 7522 NB Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Martijn van der Velde
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Sanne L Verhoeve
- Laboratory for Neurophysiology, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jan W A Smit
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Clemens W G M Löwik
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Hermelijn H Smits
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Bruno Guigas
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZC Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Annemieke M Aartsma-Rus
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Johanna H Meijer
- Laboratory for Neurophysiology, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZC Leiden, the Netherlands.
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85
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Panza F, Seripa D, Solfrizzi V, Tortelli R, Greco A, Pilotto A, Logroscino G. Targeting Cognitive Frailty: Clinical and Neurobiological Roadmap for a Single Complex Phenotype. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 47:793-813. [PMID: 26401761 DOI: 10.3233/jad-150358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Late-life cognitive disorders may be prevented by influencing age-related conditions such as frailty, characterized by decreased resistance to stressors and increased risk for adverse health outcomes. In the present review article, we examined clinical and epidemiological studies investigating the possible role of different frailty models in modulating the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD), dementia, vascular dementia (VaD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and late-life cognitive impairment/decline that have been published over the past 3 years. Both deficit accumulation and physical frailty models were associated with late-life cognitive impairment/decline, incident dementia, AD, MCI, VaD, non-AD dementias, and AD pathology, proposing cognitive frailty as a new clinical construct with coexisting physical frailty and cognitive impairment in nondemented older subjects. Two subtypes of this new clinical condition have been recently proposed: "potentially reversible" cognitive frailty and "reversible" cognitive frailty. The physical factors should be physical prefrailty and frailty, while the cognitive impairment of potentially reversible cognitive frailty should be MCI (Clinical Dementia rating Scale = 0.5), while the cognitive impairment of reversible cognitive frailty should be pre-MCI Subjective Cognitive Decline (SCD), as recently proposed by the SCD Initiative Working Group. The mechanisms underlying the cognitive-frailty link are multifactorial and vascular, inflammatory, nutritional, and metabolic influences may be of major relevance. Considering both physical frailty and cognition as a single complex phenotype may be crucial in the prevention of dementia and its subtypes with secondary preventive trials on cognitive frail older subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Panza
- Neurodegenerative Disease Unit, Department of Basic Medicine, Neuroscience, and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.,Department of Clinical Research in Neurology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, "Pia Fondazione Cardinale G. Panico", Tricase, Lecce, Italy.,Geriatric Unit & Laboratory of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Medical Sciences, IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - Davide Seripa
- Geriatric Unit & Laboratory of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Medical Sciences, IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Solfrizzi
- Geriatric Medicine-Memory Unit and Rare Disease Centre, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Rosanna Tortelli
- Department of Clinical Research in Neurology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, "Pia Fondazione Cardinale G. Panico", Tricase, Lecce, Italy
| | - Antonio Greco
- Geriatric Unit & Laboratory of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Medical Sciences, IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - Alberto Pilotto
- Geriatrics Unit, Department of OrthoGeriatrics, Rehabilitation and Stabilization, Frailty Area, Galliera Hospital NR-HS, Genova, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Logroscino
- Neurodegenerative Disease Unit, Department of Basic Medicine, Neuroscience, and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.,Department of Clinical Research in Neurology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, "Pia Fondazione Cardinale G. Panico", Tricase, Lecce, Italy
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Livshits G, Gao F, Malkin I, Needhamsen M, Xia Y, Yuan W, Bell CG, Ward K, Liu Y, Wang J, Bell JT, Spector TD. Contribution of Heritability and Epigenetic Factors to Skeletal Muscle Mass Variation in United Kingdom Twins. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2016; 101:2450-9. [PMID: 27144936 PMCID: PMC4891794 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2016-1219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Skeletal muscle mass (SMM) is one of the major components of human body composition, with deviations from normal values often leading to sarcopenia. OBJECTIVE Our major aim was to conduct a genome-wide DNA methylation study in an attempt to identify potential genomic regions associated with SMM. DESIGN This was a mixed cross-sectional and longitudinal study. SETTING Community-based study. PARTICIPANTS A total of 1550 middle-aged United Kingdom twins (monozygotic [MZ] and dizygotic [DZ]), 297 of which were repeatedly measured participated in the study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Appendicular lean mass assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry technology, and methylated DNA immunoprecipitation sequencing DNA methylation profiling genome-wide were obtained from each individual. RESULTS Heritability estimate of SMM, with simultaneous adjustment for covariates obtained using variance decomposition analysis, was h(2) = 0.809 ± 0.050. After quality control and analysis of longitudinal stability, the DNA methylation data comprised of 723 029 genomic sites, with positive correlations between repeated measurements (Rrepeated = 0.114-0.905). Correlations between MZ and DZ twins were 0.51 and 0.38 at a genome-wide average, respectively, and clearly increased with Rrepeated. Testing for DNA methylation association with SMM in 50 discordant MZ twins revealed 36 081 nominally significant results, of which the top-ranked 134 signals (P < .01 and Rrepeated > 0.40) were subjected to replication in the sample of 1196 individuals. Seven SMM methylation association signals replicated at a false discovery rate less than 0.1, and these were located in or near genes DNAH12, CAND1, CYP4F29P, and ZFP64, which have previously been highlighted in muscle-related studies. Adjusting for age, smoking, and blood cell heterogeneity did not alter significance of these associations. CONCLUSION This epigenome-wide study, testing longitudinally stable methylation sites, discovered and replicated a number of associations between DNA methylation at CpG loci and SMM. Four replicated signals were related to genes with potential muscle functions, suggesting that the methylome of whole blood may be informative of SMM variation.
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87
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Iwasaki H, Imamura T. [Effects of microRNA-494 on the fiber type-specific skeletal myogenesis in human induced pluripotent stem cells]. Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi 2016; 147:260-263. [PMID: 27181718 DOI: 10.1254/fpj.147.260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
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Scott D, Park MS, Kim TN, Ryu JY, Hong HC, Yoo HJ, Baik SH, Jones G, Choi KM. Associations of Low Muscle Mass and the Metabolic Syndrome in Caucasian and Asian Middle-aged and Older Adults. J Nutr Health Aging 2016; 20:248-55. [PMID: 26892573 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-015-0559-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Age-related declines in skeletal muscle mass may confer significant metabolic consequences for older adults. Associations of low muscle mass and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in Caucasians, and comparisons with associations observed in Asian populations, have not been reported. We examined associations of low muscle mass and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in Asian and Caucasian middle-aged and older men and women using criteria for low muscle mass. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Two population-based studies of Australian (Tasmanian Older Adult Cohort Study; TASOAC; N=1005) and Korean (Korean Sarcopenic Obesity Study; KSOS; N=376) community-dwelling adults, mean age 62 and 58 years, respectively. MEASUREMENTS Appendicular lean mass (aLM) determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and normalised to height squared (aLM/Ht2), weight (aLM/Wt) or body mass index (aLM/BMI). Participants in the lowest sex-specific 20% for aLM measures were defined as having low muscle mass. MetS was defined according to National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. RESULTS Although Australians demonstrated generally unfavourable anthropometric and metabolic characteristics compared to Koreans, prevalence of MetS was similar (29.5% in Australians and 31.4% in Koreans, respectively). Low aLM/Ht2 was associated with significantly reduced likelihood of MetS in both Australians (OR: 0.30, 95% CI 0.19 - 0.46) and Koreans (OR: 0.31, 95% CI 0.16 - 0.62). Conversely, low aLM/BMI was associated with increased odds for MetS in Australians (OR: 1.78, 95% CI 1.12 - 2.84), but not Koreans (OR: 1.33, 95% CI = 0.67 - 2.64). CONCLUSION Low aLM/BMI is associated with significantly increased likelihood of MetS in Australian adults, but not Koreans, suggesting potential differences in effects of low muscle mass relative to body mass on cardiometabolic health in Caucasian and Asian middle-aged and older adults. Low muscle mass relative to height is associated with reduced likelihood of MetS in both populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Scott
- Prof. Kyung Mook Choi, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, 80 Guro-Dong, Guro-Gu, Seoul 152-050, Korea. E-mail: , Tel.: 822-2626-3043, Fax: 822-2626-1096
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89
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Kim HY, Kim CW, Park CH, Choi JY, Han K, Merchant AT, Park YM. Low skeletal muscle mass is associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Korean adults: the Fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2016; 15:39-47. [PMID: 26818542 DOI: 10.1016/s1499-3872(15)60030-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcopenia and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) share similar pathophysiological mechanisms, and the relationship between sarcopenia and NAFLD has been recently investigated. The study investigated whether low skeletal muscle mass is differentially associated with NAFLD by gender in Korean adults. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of the data from the Fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The skeletal muscle index (SMI) was obtained by the appendicular skeletal muscle mass divided by the weight. NAFLD was defined as a fatty liver index (FLI) ≥60 in the absence of other chronic liver disease. RESULTS Among the included subjects, 18.3% (SE: 1.4%) in men and 7.0% (SE: 0.7%) in women were classified as having FLI-defined NAFLD. Most of the risk factors for FLI-defined NAFLD showed a significant negative correlation with the SMI in both genders. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that low SMI was associated with FLI-defined NAFLD, independent of other metabolic and lifestyle parameters in both genders [males: odds ratio (OR)=1.35; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.17-1.54; females: OR=1.36; 95% CI: 1.18-1.55]. The magnitude of the association between FLI-defined NAFLD and low SMI was higher in middle aged to elderly males (OR=1.50; 95% CI: 1.22-1.84) than in males less than 45 years of age (OR=1.25; 95% CI: 1.02-1.52) and in premenopausal females (OR=1.50; 95% CI: 1.12-2.03) than in postmenopausal females (OR=1.36; 95% CI: 1.20-1.54). CONCLUSIONS Low SMI is associated with the risk of FLI-defined NAFLD independent of other well-known metabolic risk factors in both genders. This association may differ according to age group or menopausal status. Further studies are warranted to confirm this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Yeon Kim
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
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90
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Handlon AL, Schaller LT, Leesnitzer LM, Merrihew RV, Poole C, Ulrich JC, Wilson JW, Cadilla R, Turnbull P. Optimizing Ligand Efficiency of Selective Androgen Receptor Modulators (SARMs). ACS Med Chem Lett 2016; 7:83-8. [PMID: 26819671 PMCID: PMC4716610 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.5b00377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs) containing the 1-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl alcohol core have been optimized for androgen receptor (AR) potency and drug-like properties. We have taken advantage of the lipophilic ligand efficiency (LLE) parameter as a guide to interpret the effect of structural changes on AR activity. Over the course of optimization efforts the LLE increased over 3 log units leading to a SARM 43 with nanomolar potency, good aqueous kinetic solubility (>700 μM), and high oral bioavailability in rats (83%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony L. Handlon
- Metabolic Pathways Cardiovascular
Unit and Platform Technology & Science, GlaxoSmithKline, 709
Swedeland Road, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406-0939, United States
| | - Lee T. Schaller
- Metabolic Pathways Cardiovascular
Unit and Platform Technology & Science, GlaxoSmithKline, 709
Swedeland Road, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406-0939, United States
| | | | - Raymond V. Merrihew
- Metabolic Pathways Cardiovascular
Unit and Platform Technology & Science, GlaxoSmithKline, 709
Swedeland Road, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406-0939, United States
| | - Chuck Poole
- Metabolic Pathways Cardiovascular
Unit and Platform Technology & Science, GlaxoSmithKline, 709
Swedeland Road, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406-0939, United States
| | - John C. Ulrich
- Metabolic Pathways Cardiovascular
Unit and Platform Technology & Science, GlaxoSmithKline, 709
Swedeland Road, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406-0939, United States
| | - Joseph W. Wilson
- Metabolic Pathways Cardiovascular
Unit and Platform Technology & Science, GlaxoSmithKline, 709
Swedeland Road, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406-0939, United States
| | - Rodolfo Cadilla
- Metabolic Pathways Cardiovascular
Unit and Platform Technology & Science, GlaxoSmithKline, 709
Swedeland Road, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406-0939, United States
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91
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Ultrasound-Derived Abdominal Muscle Thickness Better Detects Metabolic Syndrome Risk in Obese Patients than Skeletal Muscle Index Measured by Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143858. [PMID: 26700167 PMCID: PMC4689364 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia has never been diagnosed based on site-specific muscle loss, and little is known about the relationship between site-specific muscle loss and metabolic syndrome (MetS) risk factors. To this end, this cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the relationship between site-specific muscle size and MetS risk factors. Subjects were 38 obese men and women aged 40-82 years. Total body fat and lean body mass were assessed by whole-body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan. Muscle thickness (MTH) was measured using B-mode ultrasound scanning in six body regions. Subjects were classified into general obesity (GO) and sarcopenic obesity (SO) groups using the threshold values of one standard deviation below the sex-specific means of either MTH or skeletal muscle index (SMI) measured by DXA. MetS risk score was acquired by standardizing and summing the following continuously distributed variables: visceral fat area, mean blood pressure, HbA1c, and serum triglyceride / high density lipoprotein cholesterol, to obtain the Z-score. Multiple regression analysis revealed that the MetS risk score was independently associated with abdominal MTH in all subjects, but not with MTH in other muscle regions, including the thigh. Although HbA1c and the number of MetS risk factors in the SO group were significantly higher than those in the GO group, there were no significant differences between GO and SO groups as defined by SMI. Ultrasound-derived abdominal MTH would allow a better assessment of sarcopenia in obese patients and can be used as an alternative to the conventionally-used SMI measured by DXA.
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92
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Carson JA, Hardee JP, VanderVeen BN. The emerging role of skeletal muscle oxidative metabolism as a biological target and cellular regulator of cancer-induced muscle wasting. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2015; 54:53-67. [PMID: 26593326 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2015.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
While skeletal muscle mass is an established primary outcome related to understanding cancer cachexia mechanisms, considerable gaps exist in our understanding of muscle biochemical and functional properties that have recognized roles in systemic health. Skeletal muscle quality is a classification beyond mass, and is aligned with muscle's metabolic capacity and substrate utilization flexibility. This supplies an additional role for the mitochondria in cancer-induced muscle wasting. While the historical assessment of mitochondria content and function during cancer-induced muscle loss was closely aligned with energy flux and wasting susceptibility, this understanding has expanded to link mitochondria dysfunction to cellular processes regulating myofiber wasting. The primary objective of this article is to highlight muscle mitochondria and oxidative metabolism as a biological target of cancer cachexia and also as a cellular regulator of cancer-induced muscle wasting. Initially, we examine the role of muscle metabolic phenotype and mitochondria content in cancer-induced wasting susceptibility. We then assess the evidence for cancer-induced regulation of skeletal muscle mitochondrial biogenesis, dynamics, mitophagy, and oxidative stress. In addition, we discuss environments associated with cancer cachexia that can impact the regulation of skeletal muscle oxidative metabolism. The article also examines the role of cytokine-mediated regulation of mitochondria function, followed by the potential role of cancer-induced hypogonadism. Lastly, a role for decreased muscle use in cancer-induced mitochondrial dysfunction is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Carson
- Integrative Muscle Biology Laboratory, Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, 921 Assembly St., Columbia, SC, 29208, USA.
| | - Justin P Hardee
- Integrative Muscle Biology Laboratory, Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, 921 Assembly St., Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Brandon N VanderVeen
- Integrative Muscle Biology Laboratory, Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, 921 Assembly St., Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
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93
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Iwasaki H, Imamura T, Morino K, Shimosato T, Tawa M, Ugi S, Sakurai H, Maegawa H, Okamura T. MicroRNA-494 plays a role in fiber type-specific skeletal myogenesis in human induced pluripotent stem cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 468:208-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.10.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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94
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Tsai S, Sitzmann JM, Dastidar SG, Rodriguez AA, Vu SL, McDonald CE, Academia EC, O'Leary MN, Ashe TD, La Spada AR, Kennedy BK. Muscle-specific 4E-BP1 signaling activation improves metabolic parameters during aging and obesity. J Clin Invest 2015; 125:2952-64. [PMID: 26121750 DOI: 10.1172/jci77361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1) is a key downstream effector of mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) that represses cap-dependent mRNA translation initiation by sequestering the translation initiation factor eIF4E. Reduced mTORC1 signaling is associated with life span extension and improved metabolic homeostasis, yet the downstream targets that mediate these benefits are unclear. Here, we demonstrated that enhanced 4E-BP1 activity in mouse skeletal muscle protects against age- and diet-induced insulin resistance and metabolic rate decline. Transgenic animals displayed increased energy expenditure; altered adipose tissue distribution, including reduced white adipose accumulation and preserved brown adipose mass; and were protected from hepatic steatosis. Skeletal muscle-specific 4E-BP1 mediated metabolic protection directly through increased translation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) and enhanced respiratory function. Non-cell autonomous protection was through preservation of brown adipose tissue metabolism, which was increased in 4E-BP1 transgenic animals during normal aging and in a response to diet-induced type 2 diabetes. Adipose phenotypes may derive from enhanced skeletal muscle expression and secretion of the known myokine FGF21. Unlike skeletal muscle, enhanced adipose-specific 4E-BP1 activity was not protective but instead was deleterious in response to the same challenges. These findings indicate that regulation of 4E-BP1 in skeletal muscle may serve as an important conduit through which mTORC1 controls metabolism.
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95
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Santos VRD, Christofaro DGD, Gomes IC, Agostinete RR, Freitas Júnior IF, Gobbo LA. Factors associated with sarcopenia in subjects aged 80 years and over. REV NUTR 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/1415-52732015000300008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To analyze whether sarcopenia is associated with sociodemographic factors and chronic noncommunicable diseases in adults aged 80 years and older. METHODS: The sample consisted of 120 adults aged 80 to 95 years (83.4±2.9 years) from the city of Presidente Prudente (São Paulo, Brazil), of which 76 were females (83.4±3.0 years) and 44 were males (83.4±2.6 years). The study sociodemographic and epidemiological factors were: age stratum, gender, marital status, education level, chronic noncommunicable diseases, ethnicity, and nutritional status. Body composition was determined by Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry and sarcopenia was identified by the appendicular lean mass ratio (upper limb lean mass + lower limb lean mass [kg]/height [m]2). The Chi-square test analyzed whether sarcopenia was associated with sociodemographic and epidemiological factors and binary logistic regression expressed the magnitude of the associations. The data were treated by the software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (17.0) at a significance level of 5%. RESULTS: The factors associated with sarcopenia were gender, age, nutritional status, and osteopenia/osteoporosis. CONCLUSION: The factors gender, age, nutritional status, and osteopenia/osteoporosis are independently associated with sarcopenia in adults aged 80 years and older.
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96
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The Role of Muscle Mass, Muscle Quality, and Body Composition in Risk for the Metabolic Syndrome and Functional Decline in Older Adults. CURRENT GERIATRICS REPORTS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13670-015-0132-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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97
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Korostishevsky M, Steves CJ, Malkin I, Spector T, Williams FMK, Livshits G. Genomics and metabolomics of muscular mass in a community-based sample of UK females. Eur J Hum Genet 2015; 24:277-83. [PMID: 25898920 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2015.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Revised: 03/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The contribution of specific molecular-genetic factors to muscle mass variation and sarcopenia remains largely unknown. To identify endogenous molecules and specific genetic factors associated with appendicular lean mass (APLM) in the general population, cross-sectional data from the TwinsUK Adult Twin Registry were used. Non-targeted mass spec-based metabolomic profiling was performed on plasma of 3953 females (mostly dizygotic and monozygotic twins). APLM was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and genotyping was genome-wide (GWAS). Specific metabolites were used as intermediate phenotypes in the identification of single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with APLM using GWAS. In all, 162 metabolites were found significantly correlated with APLM, and explained 17.4% of its variation. However, the top three of them (unidentified substance X12063, urate, and mannose) explained 11.1% (P ≤ 9.25 × 10(-26)) so each was subjected to GWAS. Each metabolite showed highly significant (P ≤ 9.28 × 10(-46)) associations with genetic variants in the corresponding genomic regions. Mendelian randomization using these SNPs found no evidence for a direct causal effect of these metabolites on APLM. However, using a new software platform for bivariate analysis we showed that shared genetic factors contribute significantly (P ≤ 4.31 × 10(-43)) to variance in both the metabolites and APLM--independent of the effect of the associated SNPs. There are several metabolites, having a clear pattern of genetic inheritance, which are highly significantly associated with APLM and may provide a cheap and readily accessible biomarker of muscle mass. However, the mechanism by which the genetic factor influences muscle mass remains to be discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Korostishevsky
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Claire J Steves
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Ida Malkin
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Timothy Spector
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Frances M K Williams
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Gregory Livshits
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
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98
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Perna S, Guido D, Grassi M, Rondanelli M. Association between muscle mass and adipo-metabolic profile: a cross-sectional study in older subjects. Clin Interv Aging 2015; 10:499-504. [PMID: 25759569 PMCID: PMC4345994 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s67872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sarcopenia, the decrease in muscle mass and function, may lead to various negative health outcomes in elderly. The association among sarcopenia with adiposity and metabolic markers has rarely been studied in the elderly population, with controversial results. The aim of this study is to evaluate this relationship in older subjects. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in 290 elderly patients, focusing on the possible association between muscle mass loss, assessed by relative skeletal muscle mass (RSMM), and an adipo-metabolic profile (AMP) defined by adiposity and metabolic biochemical markers. Measurements of body composition were assessed by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Biochemical parameters, such as albumin, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol, triglycerides, C-reactive protein, and homocysteine and its related markers (folate and vitamin B12) were measured. Using canonical correlation analysis and structural equation modeling, an individual score of AMP was created and correlated with RSMM. Results The AMP–RSMM correlation was equal to +0.642 (95% confidence interval, +0.512 to +0.773; P<0.001). Hence, a negative association between sarcopenia severity and adiposity/metabolic biochemical markers was highlighted. Conclusion This study contained a novel way to examine the relationship between the variables of interest based on a composite index of adiposity and metabolic conditions. Results shed light on the orientation and magnitude of adiposity and metabolic markers in preventing muscle mass loss. There might be a protective effect of adiposity, compatible with the “obesity paradox.”
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Perna
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, University of Pavia, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Davide Guido
- Medical and Genomic Statistics Unit, Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Mario Grassi
- Medical and Genomic Statistics Unit, Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Mariangela Rondanelli
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, University of Pavia, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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Sun J, Sonstegard TS, Li C, Huang Y, Li Z, Lan X, Zhang C, Lei C, Zhao X, Chen H. Altered microRNA expression in bovine skeletal muscle with age. Anim Genet 2015; 46:227-38. [PMID: 25703017 DOI: 10.1111/age.12272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Age-dependent decline in skeletal muscle function leads to several inherited and acquired muscular disorders in elderly individuals. The levels of microRNAs (miRNAs) could be altered during muscle maintenance and repair. We therefore performed a comprehensive investigation for miRNAs from five different periods of bovine skeletal muscle development using next-generation small RNA sequencing. In total, 511 miRNAs, including one putatively novel miRNA, were identified. Thirty-six miRNAs were differentially expressed between prenatal and postnatal stages of muscle development including several myomiRs (miR-1, miR-206 and let-7 families). Compared with miRNA expression between different muscle tissues, 14 miRNAs were up-regulated and 22 miRNAs were down-regulated in the muscle of postnatal stage. In addition, a novel miRNA was predicted and submitted to the miRBase database as bta-mir-10020. A dual luciferase reporter assay was used to demonstrate that bta-mir-10020 directly targeted the 3'-UTR of the bovine ANGPT1 gene. The overexpression of bta-mir-10020 significantly decreased the DsRed fluorescence in the wild-type expression cassette compared to the mutant type. Using three computational approaches - miranda, pita and rnahybrid - these differentially expressed miRNAs were also predicted to target 3609 bovine genes. Disease and biological function analyses and the KEGG pathway analysis revealed that these targets were statistically enriched in functionality for muscle growth and disease. Our miRNA expression analysis findings from different states of muscle development and aging significantly expand the repertoire of bovine miRNAs now shown to be expressed in muscle and could contribute to further studies on growth and developmental disorders in this tissue type.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; Animal Genomics & Improvement Laboratory, USDA-ARS, BARC-East, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
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100
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Lee SW, Youm Y, Lee WJ, Choi W, Chu SH, Park YR, Kim HC. Appendicular skeletal muscle mass and insulin resistance in an elderly korean population: the korean social life, health and aging project-health examination cohort. Diabetes Metab J 2015; 39:37-45. [PMID: 25729711 PMCID: PMC4342535 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2015.39.1.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidence supports an association between age-related loss of muscle mass and insulin resistance. However, the association has not been fully investigated in the general population. Thus, we investigated the association between appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) and insulin resistance in an elderly Korean population. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 158 men (mean age, 71.8) and 241 women (mean age, 70.6) from the Korean Social Life, Health and Aging Project, which started in 2011. In this study, ASM was measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis and was analyzed in three forms: ASM (kg), ASM/height(2) (kg/m(2)), and ASM/weight (%). The homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was used as a measure of insulin resistance. The relationships between the ASM values and the HOMA-IR were investigated by multiple linear regression models. RESULTS The HOMA-IR was positively associated with ASM (β=0.43, P<0.0001) and ASM/height(2) (β=0.36, P<0.0001) when adjusted for sex and age. However, after additional adjustment for body weight, HOMA-IR was inversely associated with ASM (β=-0.43, P<0.001) and ASM/height(2) (β=-0.30, P=0.001). Adjustment for other potential confounders did not change these associations. Conversely, HOMA-IR was consistently and inversely associated with ASM/weight before and after adjustment for other potential confounders. CONCLUSION Our results support the idea that lower skeletal muscle mass is independently associated with insulin resistance in older adults. When evaluating sarcopenia or muscle-related conditions in older adults, their whole body sizes also need to be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Won Lee
- Department of Public Health, Yonsei University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea
- Severance Institute for Vascular and Metabolic Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoosik Youm
- Department of Sociology, Yonsei University College of Social Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won Joon Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Wungrak Choi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Hui Chu
- Department of Clinical Nursing Science, Yonsei University College of Nursing, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeong-Ran Park
- Division of Silver Industry, Kangnam University, Yongin, Korea
| | - Hyeon Chang Kim
- Severance Institute for Vascular and Metabolic Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Etiology Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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