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Funk D, Fricke C, Schlosshauer B. Aging Schwann cells in vitro. Eur J Cell Biol 2007; 86:207-19. [PMID: 17307274 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2006.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2006] [Revised: 12/21/2006] [Accepted: 12/29/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Schwann cells (SCs) can support the regeneration of lesioned fiber tracts of the peripheral and central nervous system and have been transplanted alone or in combination with synthetic nerve guides. For neuronal tissue engineering purposes, the cells must be isolated from small biopsies and expanded in vitro. In this study we analyze the impact of cell expansion on 9 different cell parameters, comparing short- and long-term cultured rat SCs, which we refer to as 'young' and 'old' or 'aged' cells, respectively. In comparison to young SCs, old SCs doubled the axonal outgrowth from dorsal root ganglion explants and displayed only one-third as much adhesion to the gray and white matter of spinal cord cryosections. In a 3-dimensional extracellular matrix the two cell populations showed very different cellular responses with regard to cell morphology and cell-cell adhesion. Cell proliferation of old SCs was independent of serum components and was not hampered by contact inhibition. In addition, population doubling times were reduced by a factor of almost three compared to those of young SCs. Despite considerable karyotype changes, with an average of 68.7 chromosomes versus 42 in native rat cells, old SCs did not show any increase in telomerase activity and loss of anchorage dependence--characteristics that are typical of tumor cells. The data also provide biological insights into which cell characteristics (proliferation and adhesion, for example) are functionally clustered and either change or remain constant with aging in vitro. Though the data indicate a lack of tumorigenic transformation coupled with increased neurite outgrowth-promoting activity after extensive SC expansion in vitro, thus suggesting better regeneration qualities, we strongly recommend that in vitro aged rat SCs (>11 passages) should not be employed for tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothee Funk
- NMI, Naturwissenschaftliches und Medizinisches Institut an der Universität Tübingen, Markwiesenstr. 55, D-72770 Reutlingen, Germany
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52
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Haastert K, Mauritz C, Chaturvedi S, Grothe C. Human and rat adult Schwann cell cultures: fast and efficient enrichment and highly effective non-viral transfection protocol. Nat Protoc 2007; 2:99-104. [PMID: 17401343 DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2006.486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We present a fast protocol that can be used to obtain highly purified cultures of proliferating adult human and rat Schwann cells accessible for non-viral transfection methods. The use of enriched genetically modified adult Schwann cells is of interest in the context of autologous cell transplantation within nerve transplants for peripheral nerve repair. Cell preparation from pre-degenerated adult peripheral nerves is described, together with the use of melanocyte growth medium plus forskolin, fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2), pituitary extract and heregulin as a selective, serum-free culture medium and a subsequent cell enrichment step (cold jet). Proliferating adult Schwann cells can be efficiently genetically modified using optimized, non-viral electroporation protocols. The protocol results in Schwann cell cultures that are more than 90-95% pure, and transfection efficiencies vary depending on the initial cell constitution from 20 to 40%. The procedure takes up to 21 d, depending on the length of the pre-degeneration period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Haastert
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Center of Anatomy, OE 4140, Medical University Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany.
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53
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Vahidnia A, Romijn F, Tiller M, van der Voet GB, de Wolff FA. Arsenic-induced toxicity: effect on protein composition in sciatic nerve. Hum Exp Toxicol 2007; 25:667-74. [PMID: 17211985 DOI: 10.1177/0960327106070671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to arsenic compounds may lead to skin and lung cancer and various disorders such as vascular disease and peripheral neuropathy in humans. Peripheral arsenic neurotoxicity has been demonstrated clinically and in electrophysiological studies. Patients intoxicated with arsenic show neurological symptoms in their feet and hands. These patients show significantly lower nerve conduction velocities (NCVs) in their peripheral nerves in comparison with controls. The mechanism of arsenic peripheral nervous system (PNS) toxicity, however, has never been described before. This is the first study to investigate the toxicity of arsenic on the PNS. Male Wistar rats were exposed to arsenite given as a single dose i.v. After sacrifice, sciatic nerves were excised and the protein composition was analysed. Protein analysis of sciatic nerves showed disappearance of neurofilament and fibroblast proteins in rats treated with arsenite doses of 15 and 20 mg/kg in comparison with the control groups. Some fibroblast protein bands had disappeared in the 20-mg/kg dose group. The analysed neurofilament-M and -L proteins decreased dose dependency over time. arsenic affects the composition of proteins in the rat sciatic nerve, especially the neurofilaments. The reduction of signals in Western blot analysis reveals changes in cytoskeletal composition, which may well lead to neurotoxic effects in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Vahidnia
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Toxicology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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54
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Al-Hayani A. Ultrastructural Changes of Schwann Cells during Nerve Regeneration Following a Crush Injury of the Sural Nerve in Rats. J Taibah Univ Med Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s1658-3612(07)70024-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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55
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Vroemen M, Caioni M, Bogdahn U, Weidner N. Failure of Schwann cells as supporting cells for adult neural progenitor cell grafts in the acutely injured spinal cord. Cell Tissue Res 2006; 327:1-13. [PMID: 16941122 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-006-0252-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2006] [Accepted: 05/18/2006] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Adult neural progenitor cells (NPC) co-grafted with fibroblasts replace cystic lesion defects and promote cell-contact-mediated axonal regeneration in the acutely injured spinal cord. Fibroblasts are required as a platform to maintain NPC within the lesion; however, they are suspected to create an inhospitable milieu for regenerating central nervous system (CNS) axons. Therefore, we thought to replace fibroblasts by primary Schwann cells, which might serve as a superior scaffold to maintain NPC within the lesion and might further enhance axon regrowth and remyelination following spinal cord injury. Adult rats underwent a cervical dorsal column transection immediately followed by transplantation of either NPC/Schwann cell or NPC/Schwann cell/fibroblast co-grafts. Animals receiving Schwann cell or fibroblast grafts alone, or Schwann cell/fibroblast co-grafts served as controls. At 3 weeks after injury/transplantation, histological analysis revealed that only fibroblast-containing grafts were able to replace the cystic lesion defect. In both co-cultures and co-grafts, Schwann cells and NPC were segregated. Almost all NPC migrated out of the graft into the adjacent host spinal cord. As a consequence, only peripheral-type myelin, but no CNS-type myelin, was detected within co-grafts containing NPC/Schwann cells. Corticospinal axon regeneration into Schwann-cell-containing co-grafts was reduced. Taken together, Schwann cells within NPC grafts contribute to remyelination. However, Schwann cells fail as a supporting platform to maintain NPC within the graft and impair CNS axon regeneration; this makes them an unfavorable candidate to support/augment NPC grafts following spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurice Vroemen
- Department of Neurology, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 84, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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56
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Krudewig C, Deschl U, Wewetzer K. Purification and in vitro characterization of adult canine olfactory ensheathing cells. Cell Tissue Res 2006; 326:687-96. [PMID: 16788833 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-006-0238-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2006] [Accepted: 05/05/2006] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) are known to promote neural repair under experimental conditions. The experimental focus has so far been almost entirely on rodent OECs (rOECs), and hence whether human OECs (humOECs) display similar properties is unclear. Studies on larger mammals as an "intermediate" model may be helpful for translating the experimental evidence gathered so far into novel therapeutic strategies. In the present study, we purified adult canine OECs (caOECs) from the olfactory bulb and analyzed their in vitro properties with respect to antigen expression, proliferation, and differentiation. Secondary caOECs shared the expression of marker molecules and the reactivity toward growth factors, with rOECs and humOECs. CaOECs were positively immunostained for the low affinity neurotrophin receptor p75, GFAP, and O4 and proliferated in response to fibroblast growth factor-2 and heregulin-1beta. No decline in proliferation was noted at higher passages (>8). The effects of forskolin, which neither increased proliferation nor stimulated the expression of O4, were clearly different from those on rOECs. Moreover, caOECs displayed their typical spindle-shaped morphology only upon growth factor/forskolin addition, whereas mitotically quiescent caOECs had a flattened morphology. Thus, caOECs can readily be purified from adult canine olfactory bulb and expanded by using established OEC mitogens. The behavior of caOECs toward forskolin suggests that caOECs and humOECs share a number of properties amd implies the presence of common intracellular signalling pathways. CaOECs therefore represent a suitable model system relevant for humOECs in neural repair studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Krudewig
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany
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57
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Deumens R, Koopmans GC, Lemmens M, Möllers S, Honig WM, Steinbusch HW, Brook G, Joosten EA. Neurite outgrowth promoting effects of enriched and mixed OEC/ONF cultures. Neurosci Lett 2006; 397:20-4. [PMID: 16386847 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2005.11.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2005] [Revised: 11/08/2005] [Accepted: 11/29/2005] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Olfactory ensheathing cell (OEC) transplants stimulate axon regeneration and partial functional recovery after spinal cord injury. However, it remains unclear whether enriched OEC or mixed transplants of OEC and olfactory nerve fibroblasts (ONF) are optimal for stimulating axon regrowth. The neurite outgrowth stimulating effects of enriched OEC, ONF, and mixed OEC/ONF cultures on neonatal cerebral cortical neurons were compared using co-cultures. We show that (1) OEC are more neurite outgrowth promoting than ONF, and (2) ONF do not enhance the neurite outgrowth stimulating effects of OEC in mixed OEC/ONF cultures. Hence, our data indicate that there is no preference for the use of enriched OEC or mixed OEC/ONF cultures with respect to stimulation of neurite growth in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Deumens
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Division Neuroscience, European Graduate School of Neuroscience (EURON), Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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58
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May F, Vroemen M, Matiasek K, Henke J, Brill T, Lehmer A, Apprich M, Erhardt W, Schoeler S, Paul R, Blesch A, Hartung R, Gansbacher B, Weidner N. Nerve Replacement Strategies for Cavernous Nerves. Eur Urol 2005; 48:372-8. [PMID: 15964126 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2005.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2005] [Accepted: 04/25/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This article reviews novel restorative therapies for cavernous nerves that may be used to replace resected cavernous nerves at the time of pelvic surgery. METHODS A literature-based presentation (Medline search) on current nerve replacement strategies was conducted with emphasis on neurobiological factors contributing to the restoration of erectile function after cavernous nerve injuries. RESULTS A promising alternative to autologous nerve grafts for extending the length of successful nerve regeneration are artificial nerve guides. The addition of neurotrophic factors, extracellular matrix components and Schwann cells has been shown to promote cavernous nerve regeneration. Neurotrophic factors can be incorporated in the scaffold or can be supplied by cells seeded into the stroma. The regenerative capacity of these cells can be further enhanced by genetic modification with neurotrophic factor encoding genes. CONCLUSIONS Artificial nerve guides, especially biodegradable ones containing growth-promoting factors or cells, are a promising option for the repair of cavernous nerve lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- F May
- Department of Urology, Technical University of Munich, Germany.
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May F, Schoeler S, Vroemen M, Matiasek K, Apprich M, Erhardt W, Hartung R, Gansbacher B, Weidner N. [Nerve repair strategies for restoration of erectile function after radical pelvic surgery]. Urologe A 2005; 44:780-4. [PMID: 15952015 DOI: 10.1007/s00120-005-0844-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Iatrogenic cavernous nerve lesions occurring during radical pelvic surgery often lead to irreversible erectile dysfunction. The nerve defects after excision of the neurovascular bundles must be reconstructed by interposition grafting to supply a permissive scaffold for oriented axonal regrowth. The use of autologous nerve grafts for the repair of human cavernous nerves during radical prostatectomy has been controversial regarding the limited success achieved with bilateral nerve grafting. Artificial nerve guides consisting of natural or synthetic materials have been successfully used for bridging peripheral nerve defects. The combination with Schwann cells, neurotrophic factors and extracellular matrix components has been shown to promote cavernous nerve regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- F May
- Urologische Universitätsklinik und Poliklinik, Technische Universität München.
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Wewetzer K, Kern N, Ebel C, Radtke C, Brandes G. Phagocytosis of O4+ axonal fragments in vitro by p75? neonatal rat olfactory ensheathing cells. Glia 2005; 49:577-87. [PMID: 15593099 DOI: 10.1002/glia.20149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) have gained wide interest because of their unique regeneration-promoting capacity. However, despite their frequent use in regeneration studies, the characterization of the cells has remained fragmentary. In the present study, we analyzed freshly dissociated neonatal rat OECs at the light and electron microscopic level and studied their fate in vitro using a novel two-step labeling protocol based on antibody internalization. We report the identification and characterization of two distinct OEC populations in situ and in primary cell suspensions that differed in number, p75 NGF receptor expression, and O4 immunoreactivity. The major OEC population in primary cells suspensions did not express p75 but stained positive for the glycolipid O4 (p75-/O4+). During culturing, these cells upregulated p75 expression and lost O4 immunoreactivity. Conversely, the minor OEC population consisted of p75+/O4- OECs that maintained p75 expression in vitro. Interestingly, ultrastructural analysis revealed not only that O4 immunoreactivity of p75- OECs was, in fact, due to O4+ axonal fragments adhering to the cell surface but also that p75- OECs rapidly phagocytosed these fragments in vitro. Taken together, the identification of two distinct OEC populations in the neonatal olfactory bulb that converge into single p75+ phenotype in vitro is reported. The observation that upregulation of p75 receptor expression in vitro was only apparent in those OECs closely associated with O4+ axonal processes may suggest that axonal signalling in vivo negatively regulates p75 receptor expression. The strong phagocytic activity of OECs in vitro may reflect one important aspect of their physiological function.
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61
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Joseph NM, Mukouyama YS, Mosher JT, Jaegle M, Crone SA, Dormand EL, Lee KF, Meijer D, Anderson DJ, Morrison SJ. Neural crest stem cells undergo multilineage differentiation in developing peripheral nerves to generate endoneurial fibroblasts in addition to Schwann cells. Development 2004; 131:5599-612. [PMID: 15496445 PMCID: PMC2638001 DOI: 10.1242/dev.01429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Neural crest stem cells (NCSCs) persist in peripheral nerves throughout late gestation but their function is unknown. Current models of nerve development only consider the generation of Schwann cells from neural crest, but the presence of NCSCs raises the possibility of multilineage differentiation. We performed Cre-recombinase fate mapping to determine which nerve cells are neural crest derived. Endoneurial fibroblasts, in addition to myelinating and non-myelinating Schwann cells, were neural crest derived, whereas perineurial cells, pericytes and endothelial cells were not. This identified endoneurial fibroblasts as a novel neural crest derivative, and demonstrated that trunk neural crest does give rise to fibroblasts in vivo, consistent with previous studies of trunk NCSCs in culture. The multilineage differentiation of NCSCs into glial and non-glial derivatives in the developing nerve appears to be regulated by neuregulin, notch ligands, and bone morphogenic proteins, as these factors are expressed in the developing nerve, and cause nerve NCSCs to generate Schwann cells and fibroblasts, but not neurons, in culture. Nerve development is thus more complex than was previously thought, involving NCSC self-renewal, lineage commitment and multilineage differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy M. Joseph
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Cell and Developmental Biology, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0934, USA
| | - Yoh-suke Mukouyama
- Division of Biology 216-76, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Jack T. Mosher
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Cell and Developmental Biology, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0934, USA
| | - Martine Jaegle
- Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Steven A. Crone
- The Salk Institute, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Emma-Louise Dormand
- Division of Biology 216-76, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Kuo-Fen Lee
- The Salk Institute, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Dies Meijer
- Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - David J. Anderson
- Division of Biology 216-76, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute
| | - Sean J. Morrison
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Cell and Developmental Biology, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0934, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute
- Author for correspondence (e-mail: )
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May F, Weidner N, Matiasek K, Vroemen M, Mrva T, Caspers C, Henke J, Brill T, Lehmer A, Blesch A, Erhardt W, Gänsbacher B, Hartung R. Tissue Engineering erektiler Nerven. Urologe A 2004; 43:1242-8. [PMID: 15549162 DOI: 10.1007/s00120-004-0692-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Dissection of the cavernous nerves eliminates spontaneous erections and may lead to irreversible erectile dysfunction due to degeneration of cavernous tissue. Novel procedures to reconstruct penile innervation include cavernous nerve interposition grafting and neurotrophic treatments to revitalize penile neural input, evaluated thus far in various preclinical models of cavernous nerve injury. Schwann cells crucially contribute to successful axonal regeneration by mechanical and paracrine mechanisms in the injured nerve, and Schwann cells seeded into guidance channels have been successfully employed to support regeneration in animal models of cavernous nerve injury. Gene therapy, tissue engineering, and reconstructive techniques have been combined to deliver neurotrophic factors and recover erectile function.
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Affiliation(s)
- F May
- Urologische Universitätsklinik und Poliklinik, Technische Universität München.
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May F, Weidner N, Matiasek K, Caspers C, Mrva T, Vroemen M, Henke J, Lehmer A, Schwaibold H, Erhardt W, Gänsbacher B, Hartung R. Schwann cell seeded guidance tubes restore erectile function after ablation of cavernous nerves in rats. J Urol 2004; 172:374-7. [PMID: 15201814 DOI: 10.1097/01.ju.0000132357.05513.5f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Dissection of the cavernous nerves eliminates spontaneous erections. We evaluated the ability of Schwann cell seeded nerve guidance tubes to restore erections after bilateral cavernous nerve resection in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sections (5 mm) of the cavernous nerve were excised bilaterally, followed by immediate bilateral microsurgical reconstruction. In 10 animals per group (20 study nerves) reconstruction was performed by genitofemoral nerve interposition, interposition of silicone tubes or interposition of silicone tubes seeded with homologous Schwann cells. As the control 10 animals (20 study nerves) underwent sham operation (positive control) and bilateral nerve ablation (without reconstruction) was performed in a further 10 (negative control). Erectile function was evaluated 3 months postoperatively by relaparotomy, electrical nerve stimulation and intracavernous pressure recording. RESULTS After 3 months neurostimulation resulted in an intact erectile response in 90% (18 of 20) of Schwann cell grafts, while treatment with autologous nerves (30% or 6 of 20) or tubes only (50% or 10 of 20) was less successful (p <0.01). Whereas untreated ablated rats showed no inducible erections (0% or 0 of 20), all sham operated animals had an intact erectile response (100% or 20 of 20). Maximum intracavernous pressure upon electrostimulation was significantly elevated using Schwann cell grafts compared to results in the other treatment groups (p <0.001). Morphological evaluation revealed advanced regeneration within Schwann cell grafts. CONCLUSIONS Schwann cell seeded guidance tubes restore erectile function after the ablation of cavernous nerves in rats and they are superior to autologous nerve grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- F May
- Department of Urology, Technische Universität, Munich, Germany.
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Mauritz C, Grothe C, Haastert K. Comparative study of cell culture and purification methods to obtain highly enriched cultures of proliferating adult rat Schwann cells. J Neurosci Res 2004; 77:453-61. [PMID: 15248300 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.20166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We present here a fast protocol that could be used to obtain highly purified cultures of maximal proliferating adult rat Schwann cells. These adult rat Schwann cells can be transfected in a nonbiological way using the physical transfection method of electroporation. Schwann cells are decisive in recovery of peripheral nerves after injury. In a clinical context, the use of enriched adult Schwann cells is necessary for autologous cell transplantation within nerve transplants for peripheral nerve repair. Different parameters such as tissue preparation, culture conditions, and protocols for enrichment, elevation of proliferation rates, and transfection were evaluated in cell cultures harvested from adult rat peripheral nerves. Cell preparation from in vivo predegenerated adult rat sciatic nerves combined with the use of melanocyte growth medium supplemented with forskolin, fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2, and pituitary extract as a selective, serum-free culture medium, with a secondary cell-enrichment step using specific detachment, resulted in highly enriched cultures of adult rat Schwann cells (>90%) with enhanced proliferation rates (>or=40%). About 20% of these adult Schwann cells could be modified genetically using an optimized electroporation protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Mauritz
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Center of Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Center for Systems Neuroscience (ZSN), Hannover, Germany
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