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Zheng Y, Ouyang WQ, Wei YP, Syed SF, Hao CS, Wang BZ, Shang YH. Effects of Carbopol ® 934 proportion on nanoemulsion gel for topical and transdermal drug delivery: a skin permeation study. Int J Nanomedicine 2016; 11:5971-5987. [PMID: 27877042 PMCID: PMC5108606 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s119286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoemulsions (NEs) are used as transdermal drug delivery systems for systematic therapeutic purposes. We hypothesized that the skin permeation profile of an NE could be modulated by incorporating it into a hydrogel containing differing proportions of thickening agent. The objectives of this study were as follows: 1) to determine the stability and skin irritability of NE gels (NGs) containing 1%, 2%, and 3% (w/w) Carbopol® 934 (CP934) (termed NG1, NG2, and NG3, respectively); 2) to compare the skin permeation profiles and drug deposition patterns of the NGs; and 3) to visualize the drug delivery routes of the NGs. Terbinafine and citral were incorporated into the NGs as model drugs. Ex vivo skin permeation tests indicated that the percutaneous flux rates of terbinafine decreased in the order NE (215 μg/cm2) > NG1 (213 μg/cm2) > NG2 (123 μg/cm2) > NG3 (74.3 μg/cm2). The flux rates of citral decreased in the order NE (1,026 μg/cm2) > NG1 (1,021 μg/cm2) > NG2 (541 μg/cm2) > NG3 (353 μg/cm2). The NGs accumulated greater amounts of the drugs in the stratum corneum and less in the epidermis/dermis than did the NE (P<0.05) over a period of 12 h. Laser scanning confocal microscopy indicated that the NGs altered the main drug delivery routes from skin appendages to intercellular paths. Histological images suggested that perturbations to the skin structure, specifically the size of the epidermal intercellular spaces and the separation distance of dermal collagen bundles, could be significantly minimized by increasing the proportion of CP934. These results suggest that adjustments of the CP934 proportions can be used to modulate the skin permeation profiles of NGs for specific therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Zheng
- Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine
| | - Wu-Qing Ouyang
- Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine
| | - Yun-Peng Wei
- Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine
| | - Shahid Faraz Syed
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi; Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lasbella University of Agriculture Water and Marine Sciences, Uthal Baluchistan, Pakistan
| | - Chao-Shuang Hao
- Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine
| | - Bo-Zhen Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang
| | - Yan-Hong Shang
- Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine; College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Machado N, dos Santos L, Carvalho B, Singh P, Téllez Soto C, Azoia N, Cavaco-Paulo A, Martin A, Favero P. Assessment of penetration of Ascorbyl Tetraisopalmitate into biological membranes by molecular dynamics. Comput Biol Med 2016; 75:151-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2016.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Li Z, Liu M, Wang H, Du S. Increased cutaneous wound healing effect of biodegradable liposomes containing madecassoside: preparation optimization, in vitro dermal permeation, and in vivo bioevaluation. Int J Nanomedicine 2016; 11:2995-3007. [PMID: 27486319 PMCID: PMC4962759 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s105035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Madecassoside (MA) is highly potent in treating skin disorders such as wounds and psoriasis. However, the topical wound healing effect of MA was hampered by its poor membrane permeability. In order to overcome this shortcoming, MA liposomes were designed and prepared by a double-emulsion method to enhance transdermal and wound healing effects. In this study, response surface methodology was adopted to yield the optimal preparation conditions of MA double-emulsion liposomes with average particle size of 151 nm and encapsulation efficiency of 70.14%. Moreover, MA double-emulsion liposomes demonstrated superior stability and homogeneous appearance in 5 months; their leakage rate was <12% even at 37°C and <5% at 4°C within 1 month. In vitro skin permeation, skin distribution, and burn wound healing of MA liposomal formulations were conducted for the first time to evaluate MA delivery efficiency and wound healing effect. The transdermal property and wound cure effect of MA double-emulsion liposomes were superior to those of MA film dispersion liposomes, and both the methods were endowed with an excellent performance by polyethylene glycol modification. In conclusion, double-emulsion liposome formulation was an applicable and promising pharmaceutical preparation for enhancing MA delivery toward wound healing effect and improving wound-healing progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehao Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Product Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou
| | - Meifeng Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Product Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou
| | - Huijuan Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Product Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou
| | - Song Du
- Guangdong Jiabao Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Qingyuan, People’s Republic of China
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Lohan S, Icken N, Teutloff C, Saeidpour S, Bittl R, Lademann J, Fleige E, Haag R, Haag S, Meinke M. Investigation of cutaneous penetration properties of stearic acid loaded to dendritic core-multi-shell (CMS) nanocarriers. Int J Pharm 2016; 501:271-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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55
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Osmałek T, Milanowski B, Froelich A, Górska S, Białas W, Szybowicz M, Kapela M. Novel organogels for topical delivery of naproxen: design, physicochemical characteristics and in vitro drug permeation. Pharm Dev Technol 2016; 22:521-536. [PMID: 26786600 DOI: 10.3109/10837450.2015.1135342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Taking into account possible irritation of the skin upon contact with naproxen (NPX) crystals and lower bioavailability after administration of the suspended or ionized drug, the aim of the work was to design and characterize novel and easy-to-formulate gels with the entirely dissolved drug in the acidic form. The formulations contained ethanol, SynperonicTMPE/L 62 and Arlasolve® DMI or Transcutol®. Carbopol®940 was used as the thickener. The properties of organogels were compared with six market products. The rheological measurements included steady flow experiments and oscillatory analysis. The texture profile analysis was conducted to calculate the mechanistic parameters. The in vitro permeation studies were performed on SOTAX CE 7 smart apparatus with the application of Strat-M artificial membranes. The obtained organogels fulfilled the requirements for topical products in terms of consistency, uniformity, stability, drug dissolution and permeation. The permeation studies revealed distinct differences among the commercial hydrogels according to permeation coefficients (kP), drug flux (Jss) and average cumulative amount of NPX per area after 12 h (Q12h). The presented work clearly shows that the organogels can be proposed as an alternative for commercial products where NPX occurs in the form of crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Osmałek
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Technology , Poznan University of Medical Sciences , Poznań , Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Milanowski
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Technology , Poznan University of Medical Sciences , Poznań , Poland
| | - Anna Froelich
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Technology , Poznan University of Medical Sciences , Poznań , Poland
| | - Sylwia Górska
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Technology , Poznan University of Medical Sciences , Poznań , Poland
| | - Wojciech Białas
- b Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology , Poznan University of Life Sciences , Poznań , Poland , and
| | - Mirosław Szybowicz
- c Faculty of Technical Physics , Poznan University of Technology , Poznań , Poland
| | - Marcin Kapela
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Technology , Poznan University of Medical Sciences , Poznań , Poland
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Salim N, Ahmad N, Musa SH, Hashim R, Tadros TF, Basri M. Nanoemulsion as a topical delivery system of antipsoriatic drugs. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra14946k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoemulsion as a potential enhancer for the treatment of psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norazlinaliza Salim
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- University Putra Malaysia
- 43400 UPM Serdang
- Malaysia
| | - Noraini Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- University of Malaya
- 50603 Kuala Lumpur
- Malaysia
| | - Siti Hajar Musa
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- University Putra Malaysia
- 43400 UPM Serdang
- Malaysia
| | - Rauzah Hashim
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- University of Malaya
- 50603 Kuala Lumpur
- Malaysia
| | | | - Mahiran Basri
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- University Putra Malaysia
- 43400 UPM Serdang
- Malaysia
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Rembiesa J, Gari H, Engblom J, Ruzgas T. Amperometric monitoring of quercetin permeation through skin membranes. Int J Pharm 2015; 496:636-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.10.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Palmer MA, O'Connell NE. Digital Dermatitis in Dairy Cows: A Review of Risk Factors and Potential Sources of Between-Animal Variation in Susceptibility. Animals (Basel) 2015; 5:512-35. [PMID: 26479371 PMCID: PMC4598691 DOI: 10.3390/ani5030369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Revised: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Dairy cow lameness is a major problem for the industry, causing reduced animal welfare and economic loss. Digital dermatitis (DD) is a bacterial disease causing painful lesions, generally on the heels of the rear feet, and is an important cause of lameness. There appears to be individual variation between animals in susceptibility to this disease. Particular physical, physiological and behavioural factors might influence individual susceptibility, but further work is required to clarify the influence of these factors and to determine how this information could be used to develop breeding and management strategies to reduce DD prevalence. Abstract Digital dermatitis (DD) is a bacterial disease that primarily affects the skin on the heels of cattle. It is a major cause of lameness in dairy cows and a significant problem for the dairy industry in many countries, causing reduced animal welfare and economic loss. A wide range of infection levels has been found on infected farms, prompting investigations into both farm level and animal level risk factors for DD occurrence. There also appears to be individual variation between animals in susceptibility to the disease. The identification of factors affecting individual variation in susceptibility to DD might allow changes in breeding policies or herd management which could be used to reduce DD prevalence. Factors mentioned in the literature as possibly influencing individual variation in susceptibility to DD include physical factors such as hoof conformation and properties of the skin, physiological factors such as the efficacy of the immune response, and behavioural factors such as standing half in cubicles. Further work is required to determine the influence of these factors, identify the genetic basis of variation, clarify the level of heritability of DD susceptibility and to determine how this is correlated with production and health traits currently used in breeding programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maeve A Palmer
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 18-30 Malone Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland, BT9 5BN, UK.
| | - Niamh E O'Connell
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 18-30 Malone Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland, BT9 5BN, UK.
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Efficient dermal delivery of retinyl palmitate: Progressive polarimetry and Raman spectroscopy to evaluate the structure and efficacy. Eur J Pharm Sci 2015; 78:111-20. [PMID: 26165622 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2015.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Revised: 07/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decades, there has been a growing interest in dermal drug delivery. Although various novel delivery devices and methods have been developed, dermal delivery is still challenging because of problems such as poor drug permeation, instability of vesicles and drug leakage from vesicles induced by fusion of vesicles. To solve the vesicle instability problems in current dermal delivery systems, we developed materials comprised of liquid crystals as a new delivery vehicle of retinyl palmitate and report the characterization of the liquid crystals using a Mueller matrix polarimetry. The stability of the liquid-crystal materials was evaluated using the polarimeter as a novel evaluation tool along with other conventional methods. The dermal delivery of retinyl palmitate was investigated through the use of confocal Raman spectroscopy. The results indicate that the permeation of retinyl palmitate was enhanced by up to 106% compared to that using an ordinary emulsion with retinyl palmitate.
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60
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Applications and limitations of lipid nanoparticles in dermal and transdermal drug delivery via the follicular route. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2015; 97:152-63. [PMID: 26144664 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2015.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Revised: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Lipid nanoparticles (LN) such as solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) and nanolipid carriers (NLC) feature several claimed benefits for topical drug therapy including biocompatible ingredients, drug release modification, adhesion to the skin, and film formation with subsequent hydration of the superficial skin layers. However, penetration and permeation into and across deeper skin layers are restricted due to the barrier function of the stratum corneum (SC). As different kinds of nanoparticles provide the potential for penetration into hair follicles (HF) LN are applicable drug delivery systems (DDS) for this route in order to enhance the dermal and transdermal bioavailability of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API). Therefore, this review addresses the HF as application site, published formulations of LN which showed follicular penetration (FP), and characterization methods in order to identify and quantify the accumulation of API delivered by the LN in the HF. Since LN are based on lipids that appear in human sebum which is the predominant medium in HF an increased localization of the colloidal carriers as well as a promoted drug release may be assumed. Therefore, sebum-like lipid material and a size of less or equal 640 nm are appropriate specifications for FP of particulate formulations.
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61
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Rao YF, Chen W, Liang XG, Huang YZ, Miao J, Liu L, Lou Y, Zhang XG, Wang B, Tang RK, Chen Z, Lu XY. Epirubicin-loaded superparamagnetic iron-oxide nanoparticles for transdermal delivery: cancer therapy by circumventing the skin barrier. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2015; 11:239-247. [PMID: 24925046 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201400775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2014] [Revised: 05/24/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The transdermal administration of chemotherapeutic agents is a persistent challenge for tumor treatments. A model anticancer agent, epirubicin (EPI), is attached to functionalized superparamagnetic iron-oxide nanoparticles (SPION). The covalent modification of the SPION results in EPI-SPION, a potential drug delivery vector that uses magnetism for the targeted transdermal chemotherapy of skin tumors. The spherical EPI-SPION composite exhibits excellent magnetic responsiveness with a saturation magnetization intensity of 77.8 emu g(-1) . They feature specific pH-sensitive drug release, targeting the acidic microenvironment typical in common tumor tissues or endosomes/lysosomes. Cellular uptake studies using human keratinocyte HaCaT cells and melanoma WM266 cells demonstrate that SPION have good biocompatibility. After conjugation with EPI, the nanoparticles can inhibit WM266 cell proliferation; its inhibitory effect on tumor proliferation is determined to be dose-dependent. In vitro transdermal studies demonstrate that the EPI-SPION composites can penetrate deep inside the skin driven by an external magnetic field. The magnetic-field-assisted SPION transdermal vector can circumvent the stratum corneum via follicular pathways. The study indicates the potential of a SPION-based vector for feasible transdermal therapy of skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-feng Rao
- The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China; Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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Gomez CCS, Servidoni MDF, Marson FADL, Canavezi PJC, Vinagre AM, Costa ET, Ribeiro AF, Ribeiro MAGDO, Toro AADC, Pavan CR, Rondon MVSDS, Lorena SLS, Vieria FU, Ribeiro JD. Pulsed direct and constant direct currents in the pilocarpine iontophoresis sweat chloride test. BMC Pulm Med 2014; 14:198. [PMID: 25495771 PMCID: PMC4290820 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2466-14-198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The classic sweat test (CST) is the golden standard for cystic fibrosis (CF) diagnosis. Then, our aim was compare the production and volume of sweat, and side effects caused by pulsed direct current (PDC) and constant direct current (CDC). To determine the optimal stimulation time (ST) for the sweat collection. To verify the PDC as CF diagnosis option. Methods Prospective study with cross-sectional experimental intervention. Experiment 1 (right arm): PDC and CDC. ST at 10 min and sweat collected at 30 min. Currents of 0.5; 0.75; 1.0 and 1.5 mA and frequencies of 0, 200, 1,000 and 5,000 Hz applied. Experiment 2 (left arm): current of 1.0 mA, ST at 5 and 10 min and sweat collected at 15 and 30 min with frequencies of 0; 200; 1,000 and 5,000 Hz applied Experiments 1 and 2 were performed with current density (CD) from 0.07 to 0.21 mA/cm2. Experiment 3: PDC was used in typical CF patients with two CFTR mutations screened and or with CF diagnosis by rectal biopsy and patients with atypical CF. Results 48 subjects (79.16% female) with average of 29.54 ± 8.87 years old were enrolled. There was no statistical difference between the interaction of frequency and current in the sweat weight (p = 0.7488). Individually, positive association was achieved between weight sweat and stimulation frequency (p = 0.0088); and current (p = 0.0025). The sweat production was higher for 10 min of stimulation (p = 0.0023). The sweat collection was better for 30 min (p = 0.0019). The skin impedance was not influenced by ST and sweat collection (p > 0.05). The current frequency was inversely associated with the skin impedance (p < 0.0001). The skin temperature measured before stimulation was higher than after (p < 0.0001). In Experiment 3 (29 subjects) the PDC showed better kappa index compared to CDC (0.9218 versus 0.5205, respectively). Conclusions The performance of the CST with CDC and PDC with CD of 0.14 to 0.21 mA/cm2 showed efficacy in steps of stimulation and collection of sweat, without side effects. The optimal stimulation time and sweat collection were, respectively, 10 and 30 min. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2466-14-198) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Cristina Souza Gomez
- Departament of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, 13083-887 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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Zhao GD, Sun R, Ni SL, Xia Q. Development and characterisation of a novel chitosan-coated antioxidant liposome containing both coenzyme Q10 and alpha-lipoic acid. J Microencapsul 2014; 32:157-65. [PMID: 25329530 DOI: 10.3109/02652048.2014.973072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This article describes the physicochemical properties of chitosan-coated liposomes containing skin-protecting agents, coenzyme Q10 and alpha-lipoic acid (CCAL). CCAL had a spherical shell-core structure and liposomes inverted the surface charge from negative to positive after coating with chitosan. Compared with the uncoated liposome, CCAL had higher zeta potential, larger droplet size and long-term stability. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) study showed that the driving force for chitosan coating the liposomes was enhanced via hydrogen bonding and ionic bond force between the chitosan and the alpha-lipoic acid. While the encapsulation efficiency (EE) of alpha-lipoic acid also increased by interacting with the chitosan shell. In vitro antioxidant activity study showed an excellent hydroxyl radical scavenging activity of CCAL. In vitro release study displayed a sustained drug release, and in vitro penetration studies promoted the accumulation of drugs in rabbit skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Dong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University , Nanjing , PR China
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Optimization of madecassoside liposomes using response surface methodology and evaluation of its stability. Int J Pharm 2014; 473:280-5. [PMID: 25014372 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Revised: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Polar compounds with large molecular weight have poor membrane permeability, liposomes can promote drugs to penetrate epidermis and remain or release at dermis. Madecassoside (MA) exhibits powerful potency in treatment of skin disorders such as wound healing, scar management, and psoriasis, but it is not easy to penetrate epidermis for its hydrophilic nature. The aim of this work is to get the optimum process conditions and evaluate physicochemical properties and physical stability of MA liposomes. In order to avoid this disadvantage and maintain long term drug storage, MA Liposomes were designed to achieve optimum preparation conditions using response surface methodology (RSM) in our experiment. The process and formulation variables were optimized by achieving maximum drug encapsulation efficiency. The optimum conditions were 0.4424 g of madecassoside, 8.174 of ratio of egg yolk lecithin to cholesterol, 65 s of ultrasonic time. The results of particle size, zeta potential and encapsulation efficiency of madecassoside liposomes were 293 nm, -35.6 mV, and 40.90%, respectively, on the basis of the above optimum conditions. According to the morphology of liposomes and encapsulation efficiency of triplicate experiments conducted at optimum conditions, MA liposomes obtained by this optimized formulation had characters of favorable repeatability and proper particle size. The physical stability tests of MA liposomes indicated that its suitable storage temperature was at 4°C with higher encapsulation efficiency.
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65
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Badihi A, Debotton N, Frušić-Zlotkin M, Soroka Y, Neuman R, Benita S. Enhanced cutaneous bioavailability of dehydroepiandrosterone mediated by nano-encapsulation. J Control Release 2014; 189:65-71. [PMID: 24956487 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Revised: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Polymeric nanocarriers, especially nanospheres (NSs) and nanocapsules (NCs), can promote the penetration of their cargo through the skin barrier, towards improved cutaneous bioavailability. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), an endogenous hormone exhibiting poor aqueous solubility, was shown to be effective in modulating skin-aging processes following topical application. In this study, we designed adequate DHEA preparations, in an attempt to enable local delivery of the active ingredient to the viable skin layers. In addition, the potential efficiency of DHEA NCs on dermal collagen synthesis was evaluated. Cryo-TEM observations and thermal analysis indicated that DHEA was successfully incorporated within a stable NC-based delivery system. Moreover, higher [(3)H]-DHEA levels were recorded in the viable skin layers following different incubation periods of NCs on excised pig skin specimens as compared to DHEA oil solution (free molecule). Furthermore, significantly higher (4-fold) skin flux values were observed for the DHEA NCs as compared to the values elicited by the oil control solution. Finally, collagen synthesis in human skin organ culture, assessed by the incorporation of [(3)H]-proline, was up to 42% higher for DHEA NCs 48h post-topical application than for the untreated specimens. Overall, these results suggest that poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA)-based NCs have promising potential to be used topically for various skin disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Badihi
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
| | - Nir Debotton
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
| | - Marina Frušić-Zlotkin
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
| | - Yoram Soroka
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
| | - Rami Neuman
- Department of Cosmetic Surgery, Hadassah Hospital Ein Kerem, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
| | - Simon Benita
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel.
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Dhingani A, Patel J, Garala K, Raval M, Dharamsi A. Quality by Design Approach for Development of W/O Type Microemulsion-Based Transdermal Systems for Atenolol. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2013.802242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Our skin is exposed daily to substances; many of these are neutral and safe but others are potentially harmful. In order to estimate the degree of toxicity and damage to skin tissues when exposed to harmful substances, skin toxicology studies are required. If these studies are coupled with suitably designed mathematical models, they can provide a powerful tool that allows appropriate interpretation of data. This work reviews mathematical models that can be employed in skin toxicology studies. AREAS COVERED Two types of mathematical models and their suitability for assessing skin toxicology are covered in this review. The first is focused on predicting penetration rate through the skin from a solute's physicochemical properties, while the second type of models transport processes in skin layers using appropriate equations with the specific aim of predicting the concentration of a given solute in viable skin tissues. EXPERT OPINION Mathematical models are an important tool for accurate valuation of skin toxicity experiments, estimation of skin toxicity and for developing new formulations for skin disease therapy. Comprehensive mathematical models of drug transport in skin, especially those based on more physiologically detailed mechanistic considerations of transport processes, are required to further enhance their role in assessing skin toxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri G Anissimov
- Griffith University, School of Biomolecular and Physical Sciences and Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre , Gold Coast Campus, Building G39 Room 3.36, Parklands Drive, Brisbane, QLD 4222 , Australia +617 55528496 ; +617 55528065 ;
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Ahmad N, Amin S, Neupane YR, Kohli K. Anal fissure nanocarrier of lercanidipine for enhanced transdermal delivery: formulation optimization,ex vivoandin vivoassessment. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2014; 11:467-78. [DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2014.876004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Guo C, Zhang Y, Sun M, Wang Z, Fan A, Zhao Y. Modulating topical drug delivery via skin pre-treatment with low-generation poly(amidoamine) dendrimers. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s1773-2247(14)50104-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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71
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Zadymova NM. Colloidochemical aspects of transdermal drug delivery (review). COLLOID JOURNAL 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061933x13050189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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72
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Reid ML, Benaouda F, Khengar R, Jones SA, Brown MB. Topical corticosteroid delivery into human skin using hydrofluoroalkane metered dose aerosol sprays. Int J Pharm 2013; 452:157-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.04.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Revised: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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73
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Moghadam SH, Saliaj E, Wettig SD, Dong C, Ivanova MV, Huzil JT, Foldvari M. Effect of Chemical Permeation Enhancers on Stratum Corneum Barrier Lipid Organizational Structure and Interferon Alpha Permeability. Mol Pharm 2013; 10:2248-60. [PMID: 23587061 DOI: 10.1021/mp300441c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shadi H. Moghadam
- School of Pharmacy,
University of Waterloo, 200 University
Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, Canada, N2L 3G1
| | - Evi Saliaj
- School of Pharmacy,
University of Waterloo, 200 University
Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, Canada, N2L 3G1
| | - Shawn D. Wettig
- School of Pharmacy,
University of Waterloo, 200 University
Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, Canada, N2L 3G1
| | - Chilbert Dong
- School of Pharmacy,
University of Waterloo, 200 University
Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, Canada, N2L 3G1
| | - Marina V. Ivanova
- School of Pharmacy,
University of Waterloo, 200 University
Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, Canada, N2L 3G1
| | - J. Torin Huzil
- School of Pharmacy,
University of Waterloo, 200 University
Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, Canada, N2L 3G1
| | - Marianna Foldvari
- School of Pharmacy,
University of Waterloo, 200 University
Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, Canada, N2L 3G1
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74
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75
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Ahad A, Aqil M, Kohli K, Sultana Y, Mujeeb M. Enhanced transdermal delivery of an anti-hypertensive agent via nanoethosomes: Statistical optimization, characterization and pharmacokinetic assessment. Int J Pharm 2013; 443:26-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2012] [Revised: 01/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/05/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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76
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Desai PR, Shah PP, Hayden P, Singh M. Investigation of follicular and non-follicular pathways for polyarginine and oleic acid-modified nanoparticles. Pharm Res 2012. [PMID: 23187866 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-012-0939-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the percutaneous permeation pathways of cell penetrating peptide modified lipid nanoparticles and oleic acid modified polymeric nanoparticles. METHODS Confocal microscopy was performed on skin cultures (EpiDermFT™) for modified and un-modified nanoparticles. Differential stripping was performed following in vitro skin permeation of Ibuprofen (Ibu) encapsulated nanoparticles to estimate Ibu levels in different skin layers and receiver compartment. The hair follicles (HF) were blocked and in vitro skin permeation of nanoparticles was then compared with unblocked HF. The surface modified nanoparticles were investigated for response on allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). RESULTS Surface modified nanoparticles showed a significant higher (p < 0.05) in fluorescence in EpiDermFT™ cultures compared to controls. The HF play less than 5% role in total nanoparticle permeation into the skin. The Ibu levels were significantly high (p < 0.05) for surface modified nanoparticles compared to controls. The Ibu levels in skin and receiver compartment were not significantly different when HF were open or closed. Modified nanoparticles showed significant improvement in treatment of ACD compared to solution. CONCLUSIONS Our studies demonstrate that increased skin permeation of surface modified nanoparticles is not only dependent on a follicular pathway but also occur through non-follicular pathway(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinaki R Desai
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, 1520 S MLK Jr Blvd, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA
| | - Punit P Shah
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, 1520 S MLK Jr Blvd, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA
| | - Patrick Hayden
- MatTek Corporation, 200 Homer Avenue, Ashland, MA 01721, USA
| | - Mandip Singh
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, 1520 S MLK Jr Blvd, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA
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77
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Nakamura A, Mori D, Tojo K. Evaluation of the predicted time-concentration profile of serum tulobuterol in human after transdermal application. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2012; 60:300-5. [PMID: 22382408 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.60.300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We proposed an in vitro/in vivo/in silico method for evaluating the clinical performance of matrix type transdermal therapeutic systems (TTSs). This method is based on the following four approaches: (1) drug release experiment, (2) in vitro penetration experiment using excised hairless mouse skin, (3) clinical pharmacokinetic study, and (4) mathematical model for evaluating the pharmacokinetic profile. The tulobuterol TTS was used as an example of a matrix type TTS in this study. The drug diffusion coefficient in the matrix device was calculated from the result of the release experiment. The drug diffusion coefficient and the partition coefficient in the skin were calculated from the results of in vitro skin penetration experiments where hairless mice and rats were used. Those parameters were used as substitutes of human. Further, these parameters were used for solving the governing partial differential equation on skin penetration. The time profiles of the serum concentration in human after applying the tulobuterol TTS were predicted and compared with the clinical data. The predicted profiles obtained from the data of hairless mice reproduced the influence of drug depletion adequately and well agreed with the clinical data, while those from the data of rats differed clearly in the initial rise. This method is useful for prediction of pharmacokinetic profiles of TTSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akinori Nakamura
- Kyushu Institute of Technology, Graduate School of Computer Science and Systems Engineering, Fukuoka, Japan.
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78
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Vemulapalli V, Bai Y, Kalluri H, Herwadkar A, Kim H, Davis SP, Friden PM, Banga AK. In Vivo Iontophoretic Delivery of Salmon Calcitonin Across Microporated Skin. J Pharm Sci 2012; 101:2861-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.23222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2011] [Revised: 05/05/2012] [Accepted: 05/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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79
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Ilbasmis – Tamer S, Degim IT. A feasible way to use carbon nanotubes to deliver drug molecules: transdermal application. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2012; 9:991-9. [DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2012.696607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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80
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Bolzinger MA, Briançon S, Pelletier J, Chevalier Y. Penetration of drugs through skin, a complex rate-controlling membrane. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2012.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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81
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Manosroi A, Ruksiriwanich W, Abe M, Manosroi W, Manosroi J. Transfollicular enhancement of gel containing cationic niosomes loaded with unsaturated fatty acids in rice (Oryza sativa) bran semi-purified fraction. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2012; 81:303-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2012.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2011] [Revised: 03/19/2012] [Accepted: 03/27/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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82
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Lademann J, Patzelt A, Schanzer S, Richter H, Thiede G, Havlickova B, Günther C, Friedrich M, Sterry W, Fluhr J, Seifert S. Non-invasive analysis of penetration and storage of Isoconazole nitrate in the stratum corneum and the hair follicles. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2012; 80:615-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2011.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2011] [Revised: 12/07/2011] [Accepted: 12/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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83
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Sarheed O, Frum Y. Use of the skin sandwich technique to probe the role of the hair follicles in sonophoresis. Int J Pharm 2012; 423:179-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2011.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2011] [Accepted: 12/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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84
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Blume-Peytavi U, Vogt A. Human hair follicle: reservoir function and selective targeting. Br J Dermatol 2012; 165 Suppl 2:13-7. [PMID: 21919898 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2011.10572.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Penetration of topically applied compounds may occur via the stratum corneum, skin appendages and hair follicles. The follicular infundibulum increases the surface area, disrupts the epidermal barrier towards the lower parts of the follicle, and serves as a reservoir. Topical delivery of active compounds to specific targets within the skin, especially to distinct hair follicle compartments or cell populations, may help to treat local inflammatory reactions selectively, with reduced systemic side-effects. Various in vitro and in vivo methods exist for studying the hair follicle structure and follicular penetration pathways. These include cyanoacrylate skin surface stripping, confocal microscopy and cyanoacrylate scalp follicle biopsy. The complex anatomical structure as well as the cyclical activity of the hair follicle must be taken into consideration when designing delivery systems. In addition, delivery into and retention inside the infundibular reservoir are controlled by, for example, molecule or particle size, their polarity and the type of preparation. Preferred penetration depth and storage time must also be considered. Particles with release mechanisms should be preferred; however, the release of drugs from nanoparticles still requires further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Blume-Peytavi
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Clinical Research Center for Hair and Skin Science, Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, D-10117 Berlin, Germany.
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85
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Chourasia MK, Kang L, Chan SY. Nanosized ethosomes bearing ketoprofen for improved transdermal delivery. RESULTS IN PHARMA SCIENCES 2011; 1:60-7. [PMID: 25755983 DOI: 10.1016/j.rinphs.2011.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2011] [Revised: 10/07/2011] [Accepted: 10/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The potential of ethosomes for delivering ketoprofen via skin was evaluated. The ethosomes were prepared, optimized and characterized. Vesicular shape, size and entrapment efficiency were determined by transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering and minicolumn centrifugation technique, respectively. Vesicle sizes varied from 120.3±6.1 to 410.2±21.8 nm depending on the concentrations of soya phosphatidyl choline (SPC) and ethanol. Entrapment efficiency increased with concentrations of SPC and ethanol. The formulations exhibited entrapment efficiencies of 42-78%. In vitro release through cellophane membrane showed sustained release of drug from ethosomal formulations in contrast to hydroalcoholic drug solution (HA), which released most of the drug within 2-3 h. In vitro drug permeation across human skin revealed improved drug permeation and higher transdermal flux with ethosomal formulations compared to hydroethanolic drug solution. Kinetics of in vitro skin permeation showed zero order drug release from formulations. Based on in vitro transdermal flux, the estimated steady state in vivo plasma concentration from ethosomes attained therapeutic drug levels whereas hydroalcoholic drug solution exhibited sub therapeutic drug concentration with a patch size of 50 cm(2). Skin permeation of ethosomal formulations assessed by confocal microscopy revealed enhanced permeation of Rhodamine 123 loaded formulation in comparison to the hydroalcoholic solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish K Chourasia
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore ; Pharmaceutics Division, Central Drug Research Institute, CSIR, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Lifeng Kang
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Sui Yung Chan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore
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86
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Nam SH, Xu YJ, Nam H, Jin GW, Jeong Y, An S, Park JS. Ion pairs of risedronate for transdermal delivery and enhanced permeation rate on hairless mouse skin. Int J Pharm 2011; 419:114-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2011.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2011] [Revised: 07/03/2011] [Accepted: 07/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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87
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Schneider M, Stracke F, Hansen S, Schaefer UF. Nanoparticles and their interactions with the dermal barrier. DERMATO-ENDOCRINOLOGY 2011; 1:197-206. [PMID: 20592791 DOI: 10.4161/derm.1.4.9501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2009] [Accepted: 07/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The dermal application of drugs is promising due to the ease of application. In this context nano-scale carrier systems were already evaluated in several studies with respect to the skin interaction and the impact on drug penetration. At the same time the upcoming production of engineered nano-scale materials requires a thorough safety evaluation. Drug delivery as well as risk assessment depends crucially on the ability of such carriers to overcome the skin barrier and reach deeper tissue layers. Therefore, the interaction of nanoparticles with skin and especially skin models is an intriguing field. However, the data obtained do not show a clear image on the effect of nano-carriers. Especially the penetration of such particles is an open and controversially discussed topic. The literature reports different results mainly on pig or murine skin showing strong penetration (pig and mouse) or the opposite. Looking only at the sizes of the particles also no conclusive picture can be obtained. Nevertheless, size is regarded to play an important role for skin penetration. Furthermore, the state of the skin influences penetration (hydration) and the mechanical stress is of outmost importance.
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88
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Staff K, Brown MB, Chilcott RP, Hider RC, Jones SA, Kong XL. Ga(III) complexes—The effect of metal coordination on potential systemic absorption after topical exposure. Toxicol Lett 2011; 202:155-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2010] [Revised: 11/19/2010] [Accepted: 01/19/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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89
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Sammeta SM, Repka MA, Narasimha Murthy S. Magnetophoresis in combination with chemical enhancers for transdermal drug delivery. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2011; 37:1076-82. [PMID: 21449699 DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2011.559659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The objective of the present work was to investigate the effect of combination of a novel physical permeation enhancement technique, magnetophoresis with chemical permeation enhancers on the transdermal delivery of drugs. METHODS The in vitro drug transport studies were carried out across the freshly excised abdominal skin of Sprague-Dawley rats using transdermal patch systems (magnetophoretic and non-magnetophoretic) of lidocaine hydrochloride (LH). LH gel prepared using hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) was spread over the magnets as a thin layer. To investigate the effect of chemical permeation enhancers, menthol, dimethyl sulfoxide, sodium lauryl sulfate and urea (5% w/v) were incorporated in the gels prior to loading on the patch system. RESULTS The flux of lidocaine from magnetophoretic patch was ~3-fold higher (3.07 ± 0.43 µg/cm(2)/h) than that of the control (non-magnetophoretic patch) (0.94 ± 0.13 µg/cm(2)/h). Incorporation of chemical permeation enhancers in the gel enhanced the magnetophoretic delivery flux by ~4 to 7-fold. CONCLUSIONS The enhancement factor due to combination of chemical permeation enhancer was additive and not synergistic. Mechanistic studies indicated that magnetophoresis mediated drug delivery enhancement was via appendageal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivasa M Sammeta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
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90
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Bhutani T, Koo J, Maibach HI. Efficacy of clobetasol spray: factors beyond patient compliance. J DERMATOL TREAT 2011; 23:11-5. [PMID: 21254848 DOI: 10.3109/09546634.2010.512952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Clobetasol 0.05% spray, a topical clobetasol propionate, is a non-greasy formulation that has shown increased clinical efficacy in a head-to-head comparison with foam formulation. Moreover, available data from randomized, controlled, double-blind trials suggests that clobetasol spray is, in fact, slightly more effective than most, if not all, other preparations of clobetasol. The fact that clobetasol spray is exceptionally easy to comply with may have played a major role in this outcome; however, other factors must be considered. These include vehicle metamorphosis post-application as well as vehicle and excipient effects on stratum corneum permeability. Basic concepts in topical drug delivery and how they apply to this spray vehicle may further explain the greater efficacy of clobetasol spray.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Bhutani
- University of California, Department of Dermatology, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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91
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Follicular and percutaneous penetration pathways of topically applied minoxidil foam. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2010; 76:450-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2010.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2010] [Revised: 05/27/2010] [Accepted: 06/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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92
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Meidan VM. Methods for quantifying intrafollicular drug delivery: a critical appraisal. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2010; 7:1095-108. [DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2010.503954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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93
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Puglia C, Bonina F, Rizza L, Cortesi R, Merlotti E, Drechsler M, Mariani P, Contado C, Ravani L, Esposito E. Evaluation of percutaneous absorption of naproxen from different liposomal formulations. J Pharm Sci 2010; 99:2819-29. [PMID: 20039387 DOI: 10.1002/jps.22028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The present study concerns the percutaneous absorption of naproxen (NPX), as model anti-inflammatory drug, included in liposome formulations constituted of different lipids: stratum corneum lipids (SCL) and phosphatidylcholine/cholesterol (PC/CHOL). Liposome dispersions were produced using two different methods: reverse-phase evaporation (REV) and thin layer evaporation (TLE). Morphology and dimensions of the disperse phase were characterized by cryo-transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) and photon correlation spectroscopy, respectively. X-ray diffraction was employed to determine the structural organization of the vesicles. In vitro diffusion was studied by Franz cell on liposome dispersions viscosized by carbomer. Tape stripping was performed to investigate in vivo the performance of differently composed liposomes as NPX delivery system. Cryo-TEM showed spherical vesicles and bigger irregular elongated nanoparticles for TLE SCL liposomes. REV resulted in spherical and elongated multilamellar vesicles. Also X-ray diffraction evidenced L alpha or L beta multilamellar vesicles for PC/CHOL and SCL liposome respectively. The in vitro study showed a lower NPX flux for SCL with respect to PC/CHOL liposome. Tape stripping corroborate the in vitro findings regarding SCL, suggesting that liposomes create a drug reservoir mixing with SC lipids, whilst PC/CHOL liposome promoted NPX permeation through the skin. Liposome lipid composition seems to affect NPX permeation through the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmelo Puglia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
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94
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Zhao Y, Brown MB, Jones SA. Pharmaceutical foams: are they the answer to the dilemma of topical nanoparticles? NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2010; 6:227-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2009.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2009] [Revised: 07/23/2009] [Accepted: 08/04/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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95
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Trauer S, Patzelt A, Otberg N, Knorr F, Rozycki C, Balizs G, Büttemeyer R, Linscheid M, Liebsch M, Lademann J. Permeation of topically applied caffeine through human skin--a comparison of in vivo and in vitro data. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2010; 68:181-6. [PMID: 19694736 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2009.03463.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Due to ethical reasons, in vivo penetration studies are not applicable at all stages of development of new substances. Therefore, the development of appropriate in vitro methods is essential, as well as the comparison of the obtained in vivo and in vitro data, in order to identify their transferability. The aim of the present study was to investigate the follicular penetration of caffeine in vitro and to compare the data with the in vivo results determined previously under similar conditions. METHODS The Follicular Closing Technique (FCT) represents a method to investigate the follicular penetration selectively. In the present study, FCT was combined with the Franz diffusion cell in order to differentiate between follicular and intercellular penetration of caffeine into the receptor medium in vitro. Subsequently, the results were compared with the data obtained in an earlier study investigating follicular and intercellular penetration of caffeine in vivo. RESULTS The comparison of the data revealed that the in vitro experiments were valuable for the investigation of the follicular penetration pathway, which contributed in vivo as well as in vitro to approximately 50% of the total penetration, whereas the kinetics of caffeine penetration were shown to be significantly different. CONCLUSIONS The combination of FCT with the Franz diffusion cell represents a valuable method to investigate follicular penetration in vitro. Nevertheless, in vivo experiments should not be abandoned as in vitro, structural changes of skin occur and blood flow and metabolism are absent, probably accounting for reduced penetration rates in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sindy Trauer
- Department of Dermatology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin 10117, Germany
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96
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Frum Y, Eccleston GM, Meidan VM. In-vitro permeation of drugs into porcine hair follicles: is it quantitatively equivalent to permeation into human hair follicles? J Pharm Pharmacol 2010; 60:145-51. [DOI: 10.1211/jpp.60.2.0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
It is already well-established that the general permeability properties of porcine skin are close to those of human skin. However, very little is known with respect to drug absorption into hair follicles and the similarities if any between the two types of tissue. The aim of this study was to use the skin sandwich system to quantify follicular drug absorption into porcine hair follicles. To our knowledge, this is the first time that the skin sandwich has been extended to porcine tissue. For this purpose, seven different drugs — estradiol, corticosterone, hydrocortisone, aldosterone, cimetidine, deoxyadenosine and adenosine — exhibiting a wide range of log octanol-water partition coefficients (log Ko/w), but comparable molecular weights, were chosen as candidate solutes. The results showed a parabolic profile with maximal follicular contribution occurring at intermediate log Ko/w values. Linear regression analysis indicated that the follicular contributions in porcine skin correlated well with previously published follicular contributions in human skin (r2 = 0.87). The novelty of this research is that we show that porcine tissue is a good surrogate for modelling human skin permeability within the specific context of quantifying drug absorption into hair follicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yakov Frum
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 27 Taylor Street, Glasgow G4 0NR, Scotland, UK
| | - Gillian M Eccleston
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 27 Taylor Street, Glasgow G4 0NR, Scotland, UK
| | - Victor M Meidan
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 27 Taylor Street, Glasgow G4 0NR, Scotland, UK
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97
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Wosicka H, Cal K. Targeting to the hair follicles: Current status and potential. J Dermatol Sci 2010; 57:83-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2009.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2009] [Revised: 12/06/2009] [Accepted: 12/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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98
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The effects of particle properties on nanoparticle drug retention and release in dynamic minoxidil foams. Int J Pharm 2010; 383:277-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2009.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2009] [Revised: 09/11/2009] [Accepted: 09/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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