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Wang R, Bao B, Bao C, Wang S, Ur Rahman S, Hou C, Elango J, Wu W. Resveratrol and Celastrol Loaded Collagen Dental Implants Regulate Periodontal Ligament Fibroblast Growth and Osteoclastogenesis of Bone Marrow Macrophages. Chem Biodivers 2020; 17:e2000295. [PMID: 32649040 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202000295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Collagen is widely used for dental therapy in several ways such as films, 3D matrix, and composites, besides traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), has been used in tissue regeneration and wound healing application for centuries. Hence, the present study was targeted for the first time to fabricate collagen film with TCM such as resveratrol and celastrol in order to investigate the human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (HPLF) growth and bone marrow macrophages (BMM) derived osteoclastogenesis. Further, the physicochemical, mechanical and biological activities of collagen-TCM films crosslinked by glycerol and EDC-NHS (1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide-N-hydroxysulfosuccinimide) were investigated. Collagen film characterization was significantly regulated by the nature of plasticizers like hydrophobic and degree of polarity. Interestingly, the collagen film's denaturation temperature was increased by EDC-NHS than glycerol. FT-IR data confirmed the functional group changes due to chemical interaction of collagen with TCM. Morphological changes of HPLF cells cultured in control and collagen films were observed by SEM. Importantly, the addition of resveratrol upregulated the proliferation of HPLF cells, while osteoclastogenesis of BMM cells treated with mCSF-RANKL was significantly downregulated by celastrol. Accordingly, the collagen-TCM film could be an interesting material for dental regeneration, and especially it is a therapeutic target to restrain the elevated bone resorption during osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijie Wang
- Department of Marine Bio-Pharmacology, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, P. R. China
| | - Bin Bao
- Department of Marine Bio-Pharmacology, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, P. R. China
| | - Chunling Bao
- East Branch of Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201306, P. R. China
| | - Shujun Wang
- Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, P. R. China
| | - Saeed Ur Rahman
- Interdisciplinary Research Center in Biomedical Materials (IRCBM), COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Punjab, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Chunyu Hou
- Department of Marine Bio-Pharmacology, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, P. R. China
| | - Jeevithan Elango
- Department of Marine Bio-Pharmacology, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, P. R. China
| | - Wenhui Wu
- Department of Marine Bio-Pharmacology, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, P. R. China.,National R&D Branch Center for Freshwater Aquatic Products Processing Technology, Shanghai, Shanghai, 201306, P. R. China
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52
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Zhou Y, Zhou L, Zhou K, Zhang J, Shang F, Zhang X. Celastrol Protects RPE Cells from Oxidative Stress-Induced Cell Death via Activation of Nrf2 Signaling Pathway. Curr Mol Med 2020; 19:172-182. [PMID: 31032752 DOI: 10.2174/1566524019666190424131704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Oxidative stress to retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells and inflammation are closely related to the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Celastrol is a natural compound isolated from the root of Tripterygium wilfordii. Celastrol has been shown to have potent anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor effects in multiple disease models. The objective of this study was to test the anti-oxidative effects of celastrol in RPE cells and to investigate the underlying mechanisms. METHODS ARPE-19 cells were treated with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and menadione alone or in combination with celastrol. Cell viability and apoptosis were examined by CCK-8 and TUNEL assay, respectively. The expression of Nrf2 and its target genes, such as GCLM and HO-1 was determined by Western blotting. The knockdown of Nrf2 was done by transfecting ARPE-19 cells with lentivirus encoding shRNA against Nrf2. The knockdown efficiency was determined by real-time quantitative PCR and Western blotting. RESULTS Treatment of ARPE-19 cells with celastrol significantly attenuated the toxic effects of both H2O2 and menadione. Treatment with celastrol enhanced the expression of transcription factor Nrf2 and its targets, GCLM and HO-1. Knockdown of Nrf2 expression by shRNA partially abolished the protective effects of celastrol. Chemical inhibition of glutathione synthesis by L-buthionine-S,R-sulfoximine (BSO) completely abolished the protective effects of celastrol against H2O2 and menadione-induced damage. However, chemical inhibition of HO-1 activity by ZnPPIX did not reduce the protective effects of celastrol. CONCLUSION This study provides evidence that treatment of RPE cells with celastrol shows potent protective effects against oxidative insults via activation of Nrf2 signaling pathway and upregulation of GCLM expression. This finding suggests that celastrol might be used as a potential therapeutic agent for oxidative stress-related eyes diseases, such as AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeqi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Linbin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Kewen Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China.,Department of Physiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jingyue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Fu Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
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53
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Der Sarkissian S, Aceros H, Williams PM, Scalabrini C, Borie M, Noiseux N. Heat shock protein 90 inhibition and multi-target approach to maximize cardioprotection in ischaemic injury. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:3378-3388. [PMID: 32335899 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite several advances in medicine, ischaemic heart disease remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality. The unravelling of molecular mechanisms underlying disease pathophysiology has revealed targets for pharmacological interventions. However, transfer of these pharmcological possibilities to clinical use has been disappointing. Considering the complexity of ischaemic disease at the cellular and molecular levels, an equally multifaceted treatment approach may be envisioned. The pharmacological principle of 'one target, one key' may fall short in such contexts, and optimal treatment may involve one or many agents directed against complementary targets. Here, we introduce a 'multi-target approach to cardioprotection' and propose heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) as a target of interest. We report on a member of a distinct class of HSP90 inhibitor possessing pleiotropic activity, which we found to exhibit potent infarct-sparing effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shant Der Sarkissian
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Henry Aceros
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | | | | | - Mélanie Borie
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Nicolas Noiseux
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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54
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Hakala TA, Davies S, Toprakcioglu Z, Bernardim B, Bernardes GJL, Knowles TPJ. A Microfluidic Co-Flow Route for Human Serum Albumin-Drug-Nanoparticle Assembly. Chemistry 2020; 26:5965-5969. [PMID: 32237164 PMCID: PMC7318336 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles are widely studied as carrier vehicles in biological systems because their size readily allows access through cellular membranes. Moreover, they have the potential to carry cargo molecules and as such, these factors make them especially attractive for intravenous drug delivery purposes. Interest in protein-based nanoparticles has recently gained attraction due to particle biocompatibility and lack of toxicity. However, the production of homogeneous protein nanoparticles with high encapsulation efficiencies, without the need for additional cross-linking or further engineering of the molecule, remains challenging. Herein, we present a microfluidic 3D co-flow device to generate human serum albumin/celastrol nanoparticles by co-flowing an aqueous protein solution with celastrol in ethanol. This microscale co-flow method resulted in the formation of nanoparticles with a homogeneous size distribution and an average size, which could be tuned from ≈100 nm to 1 μm by modulating the flow rates used. We show that the high stability of the particles stems from the covalent cross-linking of the naturally present cysteine residues within the particles formed during the assembly step. By choosing optimal flow rates during synthesis an encapsulation efficiency of 75±24 % was achieved. Finally, we show that this approach achieves significantly enhanced solubility of celastrol in the aqueous phase and, crucially, reduced cellular toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuuli A. Hakala
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeLensfield RoadCB2 1EWCambridgeUK
| | - Sarah Davies
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeLensfield RoadCB2 1EWCambridgeUK
| | - Zenon Toprakcioglu
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeLensfield RoadCB2 1EWCambridgeUK
| | - Barbara Bernardim
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeLensfield RoadCB2 1EWCambridgeUK
| | - Gonçalo J. L. Bernardes
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeLensfield RoadCB2 1EWCambridgeUK
- Instituto de Medicina MolecularFaculdade de MedicinaUniversidade de LisboaAvenida Professor Egas Moniz1649-028LisboaPortugal
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55
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Gonçalves ECD, Baldasso GM, Bicca MA, Paes RS, Capasso R, Dutra RC. Terpenoids, Cannabimimetic Ligands, beyond the Cannabis Plant. Molecules 2020; 25:E1567. [PMID: 32235333 PMCID: PMC7181184 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25071567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Medicinal use of Cannabis sativa L. has an extensive history and it was essential in the discovery of phytocannabinoids, including the Cannabis major psychoactive compound-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC)-as well as the G-protein-coupled cannabinoid receptors (CBR), named cannabinoid receptor type-1 (CB1R) and cannabinoid receptor type-2 (CB2R), both part of the now known endocannabinoid system (ECS). Cannabinoids is a vast term that defines several compounds that have been characterized in three categories: (i) endogenous, (ii) synthetic, and (iii) phytocannabinoids, and are able to modulate the CBR and ECS. Particularly, phytocannabinoids are natural terpenoids or phenolic compounds derived from Cannabis sativa. However, these terpenoids and phenolic compounds can also be derived from other plants (non-cannabinoids) and still induce cannabinoid-like properties. Cannabimimetic ligands, beyond the Cannabis plant, can act as CBR agonists or antagonists, or ECS enzyme inhibitors, besides being able of playing a role in immune-mediated inflammatory and infectious diseases, neuroinflammatory, neurological, and neurodegenerative diseases, as well as in cancer, and autoimmunity by itself. In this review, we summarize and critically highlight past, present, and future progress on the understanding of the role of cannabinoid-like molecules, mainly terpenes, as prospective therapeutics for different pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine C. D. Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Autoimmunity and Immunopharmacology (LAIF), Department of Health Sciences, Campus Araranguá, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Araranguá 88906-072, Brazil; (E.C.D.G.); (G.M.B.); (R.S.P.)
- Graduate Program of Neuroscience, Center of Biological Sciences, Campus Florianópolis, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Gabriela M. Baldasso
- Laboratory of Autoimmunity and Immunopharmacology (LAIF), Department of Health Sciences, Campus Araranguá, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Araranguá 88906-072, Brazil; (E.C.D.G.); (G.M.B.); (R.S.P.)
| | - Maíra A. Bicca
- Neurosurgery Department, Neurosurgery Pain Research institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA;
| | - Rodrigo S. Paes
- Laboratory of Autoimmunity and Immunopharmacology (LAIF), Department of Health Sciences, Campus Araranguá, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Araranguá 88906-072, Brazil; (E.C.D.G.); (G.M.B.); (R.S.P.)
| | - Raffaele Capasso
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80,055 Portici, Italy
| | - Rafael C. Dutra
- Laboratory of Autoimmunity and Immunopharmacology (LAIF), Department of Health Sciences, Campus Araranguá, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Araranguá 88906-072, Brazil; (E.C.D.G.); (G.M.B.); (R.S.P.)
- Graduate Program of Neuroscience, Center of Biological Sciences, Campus Florianópolis, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, Brazil
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56
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Ouyang M, Qin T, Liu H, Lu J, Peng C, Guo Q. Enhanced Inflammatory Reaction and Thrombosis in High-Fat Diet-Fed ApoE-/- Mice are Attenuated by Celastrol. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2020; 129:339-348. [PMID: 32176932 DOI: 10.1055/a-1010-5543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE High-fat diet (HFD) increases the risk of inflammatory reaction and acute arterial thrombosis. Celastrol has been confirmed to regulate inflammatory cytokine levels in atherosclerotic animal models. However, the anti-thrombotic effects of celastrol have remained to be fully demonstrated. The present study was performed to investigate the beneficial effect of celastrol in HFD-induced inflammatory reaction and thrombosis in apolipoprotein (apo)E-/- mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thrombogenic mice model was established using HFD-fed apoE-/- mice. The levels of mRNA and protein were assayed by RT-qPCR and western blotting, respectively. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining was performed to measure the protein expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 in the aortic endothelium of HFD-fed apoE-/- mice. RESULTS The results demonstrated that the effect of HFD on inflammatory cytokines in mice with apoE-/- background was reversed by celastrol administration, and celastrol treatment inhibited the NOD-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3)/caspase-1/interleukin-1β signaling cascades in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from HFD-fed apoE-/- mice. In addition, HFD enhanced adenosine diphosphate-induced platelet aggregation in normal C57BL/6 and apoE-/- mice, while celastrol administration reversed this. Furthermore, celastrol inhibited the pro-thrombotic effects of HFD in apoE-/- mice, and the underlying mechanism was mediated, at least partially, through the suppression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 expression. CONCLUSIONS Celastrol administration significantly attenuated HFD-induced inflammatory reaction, platelet aggregation and thrombosis in apoE-/- mice, and celastrol may be used as a drug for the prevention of HFD-induced inflammatory reaction and thrombus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao Ouyang
- Department of Geriatrics, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Tao Qin
- Department of Geriatrics, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Hengdao Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, P. R. China.,Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Junya Lu
- Department of Geriatrics, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Caixia Peng
- Department of Geriatrics, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Qin Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, P. R. China
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57
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Detection and quantification of the anti-obesity drug celastrol in murine liver and brain. Neurochem Int 2020; 136:104713. [PMID: 32151623 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2020.104713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Celastrol is a natural pentacyclic triterpene extracted from the roots of Tripterygium wilfordi (thunder god vine). Celastrol was reported as a powerful anti-obesity drug with leptin sensitizing properties that decreases food consumption and mediates body weight loss when administered to diet-induced obese mice at 100 μg/kg body weight. The weight lowering properties of celastrol are likely mediated by the CNS, in particular, by the hypothalamus, but the final proof for the accumulation of celastrol in the brain and hypothalamus remains to be established. Here, we aimed to demonstrate that intraperitoneal celastrol administration at 100 μg/kg can rapidly reach the brain and, in particular, the hypothalamus of mice. We developed and validated a sensitive liquid chromatography mass spectrometry method for the quantitative determination of celastrol in murine tissues, namely liver, brain and hypothalamus. Chow-fed lean mice were randomly assigned to the vehicle vs. celastrol groups, injected with saline or 100 μg/kg body weight of celastrol, and sacrificed 30 min or 120 min post injection. Celastrol was extracted from homogenized tissue using ethyl acetate as organic solvent, and quantified using a matrix-matched calibration curve with glycyrrhetinic acid as internal standard. Liver celastrol concentrations were 32.60 ± 8.21 pg/mg and 40.52 ± 15.6 pg/mg, 30 and 120 min after injection, respectively. We found 4.70 ± 0.31 pg/mg celastrol after 30 min, and 16.22 ± 3.33 pg/mg after 120 min in whole brain lysates, and detectable amounts in the hypothalamus. These results corroborate the validity of our methodology, demonstrate the accumulation of celastrol in the brain of mice injected intraperitoneally with a dose of 100 μg/kg, and confirm the CNS as possible site of action for the weight lowering properties of celastrol.
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58
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Raimondi L, De Luca A, Giavaresi G, Barone A, Tagliaferri P, Tassone P, Amodio N. Impact of Natural Dietary Agents on Multiple Myeloma Prevention and Treatment: Molecular Insights and Potential for Clinical Translation. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:187-215. [PMID: 29956610 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180629153141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Chemoprevention is based on the use of non-toxic, pharmacologically active agents to prevent tumor progression. In this regard, natural dietary agents have been described by the most recent literature as promising tools for controlling onset and progression of malignancies. Extensive research has been so far performed to shed light on the effects of natural products on tumor growth and survival, disclosing the most relevant signal transduction pathways targeted by such compounds. Overall, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and cytotoxic effects of dietary agents on tumor cells are supported either by results from epidemiological or animal studies and even by clinical trials. Multiple myeloma is a hematologic malignancy characterized by abnormal proliferation of bone marrow plasma cells and subsequent hypercalcemia, renal dysfunction, anemia, or bone disease, which remains incurable despite novel emerging therapeutic strategies. Notably, increasing evidence supports the capability of dietary natural compounds to antagonize multiple myeloma growth in preclinical models of the disease, underscoring their potential as candidate anti-cancer agents. In this review, we aim at summarizing findings on the anti-tumor activity of dietary natural products, focusing on their molecular mechanisms, which include inhibition of oncogenic signal transduction pathways and/or epigenetic modulating effects, along with their potential clinical applications against multiple myeloma and its related bone disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Agnese Barone
- Hospice Cascina Brandezzata-Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Pierosandro Tagliaferri
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine Catanzaro, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Pierfrancesco Tassone
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine Catanzaro, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Nicola Amodio
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine Catanzaro, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
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59
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Mozaffarnia S, Teimuri-Mofrad R, Rashidi MR. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of 2,3-dihydro-5,6-dimethoxy-1H-inden-1-one and piperazinium salt hybrid derivatives as hAChE and hBuChE enzyme inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 191:112140. [PMID: 32088494 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
2,3-Dihydro-5,6-dimethoxy-2-[4-(4-alkyl-4-methylpiperazinium-1-yl)benzylidine]-1H-inden-1-one halide salt derivatives as a novel donepezil hybrid analogs with the property of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) enzyme inhibition were designed and synthesized via N-alkylation reaction of 2,3-dihydro-5,6-dimethoxy-2-[4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)benzylidene]-1H-inden-1-one with some alkyl halides. Biological tests demonstrated that most of the synthesized compounds have moderate to good inhibitory activities effect on cholinesterase enzymes. Among them, 10e showed the best profile as a selected compound for inhibition of hAChE (IC50 = 0.32) and hBuChE (IC50 = 0.43 μM) enzymes. Kinetic analysis and molecular docking led to a better understanding of this compound. Kinetic studies disclosed that 10e inhibited acetylcholinesterase in mixed-type and butyrylcholinesterase in non-competitive type. The toxicity results showed that 10e is less toxic than donepezil and has better inhibitory activity against hBuChE when compared to donepezil or Galantamine. Other performed experiments revealed that 10e has an anti-β amyloid effect which is capable of reducing ROS, LDH and MDA also possing positive effect on TAC. On the other hand, it has shown a good anti-inflammation effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakineh Mozaffarnia
- Department of Organic and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran; Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Teimuri-Mofrad
- Department of Organic and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Mohammad-Reza Rashidi
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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60
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Dembitsky VM, Dzhemileva L, Gloriozova T, D'yakonov V. Natural and synthetic drugs used for the treatment of the dementia. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 524:772-783. [PMID: 32037088 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.01.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
This review is devoted to comparative pharmacological analysis of synthetic drugs such as memantine and its isomers, as well as tacrine, velnacrine, rivastigmine, and donepezil, with natural alkaloids, terpenoids, and triterpenoid peroxides, which are used to treat dementia, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, myasthenia gravis and other neurodegenerative diseases. Recently discovered by French scientists from Marseille triterpenoid hydroperoxides demonstrate high activity as potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of dementia. The information presented in this review is of great interest to pharmacologists, medical chemists, physiologists, neurologists and doctors, as well as for the pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valery M Dembitsky
- Centre for Applied Research, Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Lethbridge College, 3000 College Drive South, Lethbridge, AB T1K 1L6, Canada.
| | - Lilya Dzhemileva
- Institute of Petrochemistry and Catalysis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, 450075, Russia.
| | - Tatyana Gloriozova
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119121, Russia.
| | - Vladimir D'yakonov
- Institute of Petrochemistry and Catalysis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, 450075, Russia.
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61
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Celastrol Alleviates Gamma Irradiation-Induced Damage by Modulating Diverse Inflammatory Mediators. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21031084. [PMID: 32041250 PMCID: PMC7036880 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21031084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to explore the possible radioprotective effects of celastrol and relevant molecular mechanisms in an in vitro cell and in vivo mouse models exposed to gamma radiation. Human keratinocytes (HaCaT) and foreskin fibroblast (BJ) cells were exposed to gamma radiation of 20 Gy, followed by treatment with celastrol for 24 h. Cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO) and glutathione (GSH) production, lipid peroxidation, DNA damage, inflammatory cytokine levels, and NF-κB pathway activation were examined. The survival rate, levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in blood, and p65 and phospho-p65 expression were also evaluated in mice after exposure to gamma radiation and celastrol treatment. The gamma irradiation of HaCaT cells induced decreased cell viability, but treatment with celastrol significantly blocked this cytotoxicity. Gamma irradiation also increased free radical production (e.g., ROS and NO), decreased the level of GSH, and enhanced oxidative DNA damage and lipid peroxidation in cells, which were effectively reversed by celastrol treatment. Moreover, inflammatory responses induced by gamma irradiation, as demonstrated by increased levels of IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β, were also blocked by celastrol. The increased activity of NF-κB DNA binding following gamma radiation was significantly attenuated after celastrol treatment. In the irradiated mice, treatment with celastrol significantly improved overall survival rate, reduced the excessive inflammatory responses, and decreased NF-κB activity. As a NF-κB pathway blocker and antioxidant, celastrol may represent a promising pharmacological agent with protective effects against gamma irradiation-induced injury.
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Antioxidant Therapy in Parkinson's Disease: Insights from Drosophila melanogaster. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9010052. [PMID: 31936094 PMCID: PMC7023233 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9010052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important role as endogenous mediators in several cellular signalling pathways. However, at high concentrations they can also exert deleterious effects by reacting with many macromolecules including DNA, proteins and lipids. The precise balance between ROS production and their removal via numerous enzymatic and nonenzymatic molecules is of fundamental importance for cell survival. Accordingly, many neurodegenerative disorders, including Parkinson’s disease (PD), are associated with excessive levels of ROS, which induce oxidative damage. With the aim of coping with the progression of PD, antioxidant compounds are currently receiving increasing attention as potential co-adjuvant molecules in the treatment of these diseases, and many studies have been performed to evaluate the purported protective effects of several antioxidant molecules. In the present review, we present and discuss the relevance of the use of Drosophila melanogaster as an animal model with which to evaluate the therapeutic potential of natural and synthetic antioxidants. The conservation of most of the PD-related genes between humans and D. melanogaster, along with the animal’s rapid life cycle and the versatility of genetic tools, makes fruit flies an ideal experimental system for rapid screening of antioxidant-based treatments.
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Celastrol Inhibits Dopaminergic Neuronal Death of Parkinson's Disease through Activating Mitophagy. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 9:antiox9010037. [PMID: 31906147 PMCID: PMC7022523 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9010037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease, which is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and abnormal protein accumulation. No treatment can stop or slow PD. Autophagy inhibits neuronal death by removing damaged mitochondria and abnormal protein aggregations. Celastrol is a triterpene with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Up until now, no reports have shown that celastrol improves PD motor symptoms. In this study, we used PD cell and mouse models to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy and mechanism of celastrol. In the substantia nigra, we found lower levels of autophagic activity in patients with sporadic PD as compared to healthy controls. In neurons, celastrol enhances autophagy, autophagosome biogenesis (Beclin 1↑, Ambra1↑, Vps34↑, Atg7↑, Atg12↑, and LC3-II↑), and mitophagy (PINK1↑, DJ-1↑, and LRRK2↓), and these might be associated with MPAK signaling pathways. In the PD cell model, celastrol reduces MPP+-induced dopaminergic neuronal death, mitochondrial membrane depolarization, and ATP reduction. In the PD mouse model, celastrol suppresses motor symptoms and neurodegeneration in the substantia nigra and striatum and enhances mitophagy (PINK1↑ and DJ-1↑) in the striatum. Using MPP+ to induce mitochondrial damage in neurons, we found celastrol controls mitochondrial quality by sequestering impaired mitochondria into autophagosomes for degradation. This is the first report to show that celastrol exerts neuroprotection in PD by activating mitophagy to degrade impaired mitochondria and further inhibit dopaminergic neuronal apoptosis. Celastrol may help to prevent and treat PD.
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Gracia L, Lora G, Blair LJ, Jinwal UK. Therapeutic Potential of the Hsp90/Cdc37 Interaction in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:1263. [PMID: 31824256 PMCID: PMC6882380 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.01263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's, Huntington's, and Parkinson's are devastating neurodegenerative diseases that are prevalent in the aging population. Patient care costs continue to rise each year, because there is currently no cure or disease modifying treatments for these diseases. Numerous efforts have been made to understand the molecular interactions governing the disease development. These efforts have revealed that the phosphorylation of proteins by kinases may play a critical role in the aggregation of disease-associated proteins, which is thought to contribute to neurodegeneration. Interestingly, a molecular chaperone complex consisting of the 90 kDa heat shock protein (Hsp90) and Cell Division Cycle 37 (Cdc37) has been shown to regulate the maturation of many of these kinases as well as regulate some disease-associated proteins directly. Thus, the Hsp90/Cdc37 complex may represent a potential drug target for regulating proteins linked to neurodegenerative diseases, through both direct and indirect interactions. Herein, we discuss the broad understanding of many Hsp90/Cdc37 pathways and how this protein complex may be a useful target to regulate the progression of neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam Gracia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Taneja College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida-Health, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Gabriella Lora
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Taneja College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida-Health, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Laura J. Blair
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Byrd Alzheimer’s Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Umesh K. Jinwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Taneja College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida-Health, Tampa, FL, United States
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Celastrol-induced degradation of FANCD2 sensitizes pediatric high-grade gliomas to the DNA-crosslinking agent carboplatin. EBioMedicine 2019; 50:81-92. [PMID: 31735550 PMCID: PMC6921187 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.10.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pediatric high-grade gliomas (pHGG) are the leading cause of cancer-related death during childhood. Due to their diffuse growth characteristics, chemoresistance and location behind the blood-brain barrier (BBB), the prognosis of pHGG has barely improved in the past decades. As such, there is a dire need for new therapies that circumvent those difficulties. Since aberrant expression of DNA damage-response associated Fanconi anemia proteins play a central role in the onset and therapy resistance of many cancers, we here investigated if FANCD2 depletion could sensitize pHGG to additional DNA damage. Methods We determined the capacity of celastrol, a BBB-penetrable compound that degrades FANCD2, to sensitize glioma cells to the archetypical DNA-crosslinking agent carboplatin in vitro in seven patient-derived pHGG models. In addition, we tested this drug combination in vivo in a patient-derived orthotopic pHGG xenograft model. Underlying mechanisms to drug response were investigated using mRNA expression profiling, western blotting, immunofluorescence, FANCD2 knockdown and DNA fiber assays. Findings FANCD2 is overexpressed in HGGs and depletion of FANCD2 by celastrol synergises with carboplatin to induce cytotoxicity. Combination therapy prolongs survival of pHGG-bearing mice over monotherapy and control groups in vivo (P<0.05). In addition, our results suggest that celastrol treatment stalls ongoing replication forks, causing sensitivity to DNA-crosslinking in FANCD2-dependent glioma cells. Interpretation Our results show that depletion of FANCD2 acts as a chemo-sensitizing strategy in pHGG. Combination therapy using celastrol and carboplatin might serve as a clinically relevant strategy for the treatment of pHGG. Funding This study was funded by a grant from the Children Cancer-Free Foundation (KIKA, project 210). The disclosed funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
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Schiavone S, Tucci P, Trabace L, Morgese MG. Early Celastrol Administration Prevents Ketamine-Induced Psychotic-Like Behavioral Dysfunctions, Oxidative Stress and IL-10 Reduction in The Cerebellum of Adult Mice. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24213993. [PMID: 31694174 PMCID: PMC6864687 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24213993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Administration of subanesthetic doses of ketamine during brain maturation represents a tool to mimic an early insult to the central nervous system (CNS). The cerebellum is a key player in psychosis pathogenesis, to which oxidative stress also contributes. Here, we investigated the impact of early celastrol administration on behavioral dysfunctions in adult mice that had received ketamine (30 mg/kg i.p.) at postnatal days (PNDs) 7, 9, and 11. Cerebellar levels of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), NADPH oxidase (NOX) 1 and NOX2, as well as of the calcium-binding protein parvalbumin (PV), were also assessed. Furthermore, celastrol effects on ketamine-induced alterations of proinflammatory (TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokines in this brain region were evaluated. Early celastrol administration prevented ketamine-induced discrimination index decrease at adulthood. The same was found for locomotor activity elevations and increased close following and allogrooming, whereas no beneficial effects on sniffing impairment were detected. Ketamine increased 8-OHdG in the cerebellum of adult mice, which was also prevented by early celastrol injection. Cerebellar NOX1 levels were enhanced at adulthood following postnatal ketamine exposure. Celastrol per se induced NOX1 decrease in the cerebellum. This effect was more significant in animals that were early administered with ketamine. NOX2 levels did not change. Ketamine administration did not affect PV amount in the cerebellum. TNF-α levels were enhanced in ketamine-treated animals; however, this was not prevented by early celastrol administration. While no changes were observed for IL-6 and IL-1β levels, ketamine determined a reduction of cerebellar IL-10 expression, which was prevented by early celastrol treatment. Our results suggest that NOX inhibition during brain maturation prevents the development of psychotic-like behavioral dysfunctions, as well as the increased cerebellar oxidative stress and the reduction of IL-10 in the same brain region following ketamine exposure in postnatal life. This opens novel neuroprotective opportunities against early detrimental insults occurring during brain development.
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El-Malah A, Abouelatta AI, Mahmoud Z, Salem HH. New cyclooctathienopyridine derivatives in the aim of discovering better Anti-Alzheimer's agents. J Mol Struct 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.06.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Liu C, Zhang C, Wang W, Yuan F, He T, Chen Y, Wang Q, Huang J. Integrated metabolomics and network toxicology to reveal molecular mechanism of celastrol induced cardiotoxicity. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 383:114785. [PMID: 31629732 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.114785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Celastrol (CS), an active triterpene derived from traditional Chinese medicine Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. f, has been used to treat chronic inflammation, arthritis and other diseases. However, it has been reported that CS can trigger cardiotoxicity and the molecular mechanism of heart injury induced by CS is not clear. Considering the wide application of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. f in clinics, it is necessary to develop an accurate and reliable method to assess the safety of CS, and to elucidate as much as possible the mechanism of cardiotoxicity induced by CS. In this study, Ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF/MS)-based metabolomics revealed clues to the mechanism of CS-induced heart injury. Palmitic acid significantly increased in plasma from CS-treated rats, and this increase resulted in oxidative stress response in vivo. Excessive ROS further activate TNF signaling pathway and caspase family, which were obtained from the KEGG enrichment analysis of network toxicology strategy. Protein expression level of caspase-3, caspase-8, bax were significantly increased by western blot. Q-PCR also showed the similar results as western blot. It means that apoptosis plays a key role in the process of celastrol induced cardiotoxicity. Blocking this signal axis may be a potential way to protect myocardial tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanxin Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Liangxiang Town, Fangshan District, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Chenning Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Liangxiang Town, Fangshan District, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Wenxin Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Liangxiang Town, Fangshan District, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Fuli Yuan
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Liangxiang Town, Fangshan District, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Tao He
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Liangxiang Town, Fangshan District, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Yahong Chen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Liangxiang Town, Fangshan District, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Liangxiang Town, Fangshan District, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Jianmei Huang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Liangxiang Town, Fangshan District, Beijing 102488, China..
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Cha Z, Cheng J, Xiang H, Qin J, He Y, Peng Z, Jia J, Yu H. Celastrol enhances TRAIL-induced apoptosis in human glioblastoma via the death receptor pathway. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2019; 84:719-728. [PMID: 31281953 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-019-03900-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Glioblastoma is the most common, malignant and devastating type of primary brain tumor. Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-induced ligand (TRAIL) is characterized by its lethality to precancerous and cancerous cells. However, many kinds of tumor cells, including most glioma cells, tend to evade TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Celastrol is a pleiotropic compound from a traditional Chinese medicine that has proven to be useful as a sensitizer for TRAIL treatment. However, the underlying mechanism and role of celastrol in the sensitization of glioma cells remain to be elucidated. METHODS The viability of glioma cell lines was examined by the CCK-8 assay. The expression of DR5 was detected by reverse transcriptase quantitative real-time PCR. The protein expression of DR5, cleaved caspase-8, cleaved caspase-3 and PARP were measured by western blot. The apoptosis rates and the sub-G1 population were detected by flow cytometry. The cellular morphological changes were assessed by TUNEL apoptosis and Hoechst 33258 staining assays. The knockdown of DR5 expression was conducted by siRNA. RESULTS In this study, we observed that celastrol treatment inhibited cell viability in a dose-dependent manner, while glioma and normal human astroglial cell lines were resistant to TRAIL treatment. We also observed that the antiproliferative effects of TRAIL in combination with a noncytotoxic concentration of celastrol were significantly greater than those of celastrol or TRAIL alone. In addition, cell death induced by the combination treatment was apoptotic and occurred through the death receptor pathway via activation of caspase-8, caspase-3, and PARP. Furthermore, celastrol upregulated death receptor 5 (DR5) at the mRNA and protein levels, and siRNA-mediated DR5 knockdown reduced the killing effect of the combination drug treatment on glioma cells and reduced the activation of caspase-3, caspase-8 and PARP. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, the results of our study demonstrate that celastrol sensitizes glioma cells to TRAIL via the death receptor pathway and that DR5 plays an important role in the effects of this cotreatment. The results indicate that this cotreatment is a promising tumor-killing therapeutic strategy with high efficacy and low toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Cha
- Research Center of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 of Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Jianzhang Cheng
- Research Center of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 of Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Hui Xiang
- Research Center of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 of Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Jingjing Qin
- Research Center of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 of Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yujia He
- Laboratory of Radiological Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Zhiping Peng
- Laboratory of Radiological Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Jianhua Jia
- Laboratory of Radiological Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Huarong Yu
- Research Center of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 of Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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Boran T, Gunaydin A, Jannuzzi AT, Ozcagli E, Alpertunga B. Celastrol pretreatment as a therapeutic option against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2019; 8:723-730. [PMID: 31588349 PMCID: PMC6762010 DOI: 10.1039/c9tx00141g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Celastrol is a natural bioactive compound extracted from the medicinal plant Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F. It exhibits immunosuppressive, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities. Cisplatin is a commonly used chemotherapeutic drug in the treatment of a wide range of tumors. Although very effective therapeutically, it can cause nephrotoxicity leading to dose reduction or discontinuation of treatment. This study aims to clarify the therapeutic potential of celastrol in cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. The possible protective effects of celastrol pretreatment against cisplatin-induced oxidative stress and genotoxicity were investigated. A rat kidney epithelial cell line NRK-52E was pretreated with the desired concentrations of celastrol (200 nM, 100 nM, and 50 nM) for 24 h. The cells were treated with 50 μM cisplatin for a further 24 h to see whether cisplatin caused the same or less toxicity compared to the vehicle control group. Alkaline comet assay was performed for genotoxicity assessment. Genotoxicity evaluation revealed that celastrol caused a statistically significant reduction in DNA damage. Oxidative stress parameters were evaluated by measuring the glutathione (GSH) and protein carbonyl (PC) levels and also by measuring the enzyme activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymes. Celastrol pretreatment increased the GSH content of the cells and ameliorated the protein carbonylation level. Likewise, celastrol pretreatment improved the GR and CAT activities. However, no significant difference was observed in GPx and SOD activities. In the light of these findings, celastrol treatment could be a therapeutic option to reduce cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. Further studies are needed for the clarification of its therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tugce Boran
- Istanbul University , Faculty of Pharmacy , Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology , 34116 , Beyazıt , Istanbul , Turkey . ; ; Tel: +902124400000
| | - Aysenur Gunaydin
- Istanbul University , Faculty of Pharmacy , Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology , 34116 , Beyazıt , Istanbul , Turkey . ; ; Tel: +902124400000
- Bezmialem Vakif University , Faculty of Pharmacy , Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology , Vatan Street , 34093 , Fatih , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Ayse Tarbin Jannuzzi
- Istanbul University , Faculty of Pharmacy , Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology , 34116 , Beyazıt , Istanbul , Turkey . ; ; Tel: +902124400000
| | - Eren Ozcagli
- Istanbul University , Faculty of Pharmacy , Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology , 34116 , Beyazıt , Istanbul , Turkey . ; ; Tel: +902124400000
| | - Buket Alpertunga
- Istanbul University , Faculty of Pharmacy , Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology , 34116 , Beyazıt , Istanbul , Turkey . ; ; Tel: +902124400000
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Prooxidative Activity of Celastrol Induces Apoptosis, DNA Damage, and Cell Cycle Arrest in Drug-Resistant Human Colon Cancer Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:6793957. [PMID: 31485297 PMCID: PMC6710751 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6793957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Cancer resistance to chemotherapy is closely related to tumor heterogeneity, i.e., the existence of distinct subpopulations of cancer cells in a tumor mass. An important role is assigned to cancer stem cells (CSCs), a small subset of cancer cells with high tumorigenic potential and capacity of self-renewal and differentiation. These properties of CSCs are sustained by the ability of those cells to maintain a low intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, via upregulation of ROS scavenging systems. However, the accumulation of ROS over a critical threshold disturbs CSCs—redox homeostasis causing severe cytotoxic consequences. In the present study, we investigated the capacity of celastrol, a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid, to induce the formation of ROS and, consequently, cell death of the colon cancer cells with acquired resistant to cytotoxic drugs (LOVO/DX cell line). LOVO/DX cells express several important stem-like cell features, including a higher frequency of side population (SP) cells, higher expression of multidrug resistant proteins, overexpression of CSC-specific cell surface marker (CD44), increased expression of DNA repair gene (PARP1), and low intracellular ROS level. We found that celastrol, at higher concentrations (above 1 μM), significantly increased ROS amount in LOVO/DX cells at both cytoplasmic and mitochondrial levels. This prooxidant activity was associated with the induction of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and apoptotic/necrotic cell death, as well as with inhibition of cell proliferation by S phase cell cycle arrest. Coincubation with NAC, a ROS scavenger, completely reversed the above effects. In summary, our results provide evidence that celastrol exhibits effective cytotoxic effects via ROS-dependent mechanisms on drug-resistant colon cancer cells. These findings strongly suggest the potential of celastrol to effectively kill cancer stem-like cells, and thus, it is a promising agent to treat severe, resistant to conventional therapy, colon cancers.
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Sabu V, Peter J, Sasidharan Nair AIB, Krishnan S, Sathyaseelan Suja LP, Helen A, Radhakrishna Pillai G. Combinatorial Action of Triterpenoid, Flavonoid, and Alkaloid on Inflammation. Nat Prod Commun 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x19868877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, the synergistic effects of BASk, a combination of betulinic acid (B), apigenin (A), and skimmianine (Sk) in the ratio of 1:1:1, were studied to construct a novel drug mixture against inflammation via the TLR4-nuclear factor Kappa light chain enhancer of activated B cells (NFκB) signaling pathway. In silico drug likeness and docking studies recommended 3 bioactive compounds as suitable ligands for drug development. BASk inhibited TLR4 from its dimerization with MD2 and blocked the TLR4 signaling cascade. Reduced nuclear translocation of NFκB inhibited the release of pro-inflammatory mediators (IL-1β and TNF-α), COX-2 expression, and PGE2. Similarly, BASk exerted its protective role by reducing pro-inflammatory mediators and elevating anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-10. This confirms the inhibiting potential of BASk in the activation of the TLR4-NFκB signaling cascade. Thus, BASk was superior in its anti-inflammatory effect on oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) induced human peripheral blood mononuclear cells than its individual components synergistically. Since BASk inhibited COX-2 expression and further release of PGE2, it is a potent therapeutic agent with better efficacy against inflammation because COX-2 is the target site for treating inflammatory diseases. Thus, it can be clearly stated that this innovation will be a breakthrough in the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidya Sabu
- Department of Biochemistry, Research Center, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Jasmine Peter
- Department of Biochemistry, Research Center, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | | | - Santhi Krishnan
- Department of Biochemistry, Research Center, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | | | - Antony Helen
- Department of Biochemistry, Research Center, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, India
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Avila-Carrasco L, Majano P, Sánchez-Toméro JA, Selgas R, López-Cabrera M, Aguilera A, González Mateo G. Natural Plants Compounds as Modulators of Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:715. [PMID: 31417401 PMCID: PMC6682706 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a self-regulated physiological process required for tissue repair that, in non-controled conditions may lead to fibrosis, angiogenesis, loss of normal organ function or cancer. Although several molecular pathways involved in EMT regulation have been described, this process does not have any specific treatment. This article introduces a systematic review of effective natural plant compounds and their extract that modulates the pathological EMT or its deleterious effects, through acting on different cellular signal transduction pathways both in vivo and in vitro. Thereby, cryptotanshinone, resveratrol, oxymatrine, ligustrazine, osthole, codonolactone, betanin, tannic acid, gentiopicroside, curcumin, genistein, paeoniflorin, gambogic acid and Cinnamomum cassia extracts inhibit EMT acting on transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)/Smads signaling pathways. Gedunin, carnosol, celastrol, black rice anthocyanins, Duchesnea indica, cordycepin and Celastrus orbiculatus extract downregulate vimectin, fibronectin and N-cadherin. Sulforaphane, luteolin, celastrol, curcumin, arctigenin inhibit β-catenin signaling pathways. Salvianolic acid-A and plumbagin block oxidative stress, while honokiol, gallic acid, piperlongumine, brusatol and paeoniflorin inhibit EMT transcription factors such as SNAIL, TWIST and ZEB. Plectranthoic acid, resveratrol, genistein, baicalin, polyphyllin I, cairicoside E, luteolin, berberine, nimbolide, curcumin, withaferin-A, jatrophone, ginsenoside-Rb1, honokiol, parthenolide, phoyunnanin-E, epicatechin-3-gallate, gigantol, eupatolide, baicalin and baicalein and nitidine chloride inhibit EMT acting on other signaling pathways (SIRT1, p38 MAPK, NFAT1, SMAD, IL-6, STAT3, AQP5, notch 1, PI3K/Akt, Wnt/β-catenin, NF-κB, FAK/AKT, Hh). Despite the huge amount of preclinical data regarding EMT modulation by the natural compounds of plant, clinical translation is poor. Additionally, this review highlights some relevant examples of clinical trials using natural plant compounds to modulate EMT and its deleterious effects. Overall, this opens up new therapeutic alternatives in cancer, inflammatory and fibrosing diseases through the control of EMT process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Avila-Carrasco
- Therapeutic and Pharmacology Department, Health and Human Science Research, Academic Unit of Human Medicine and Health Sciences, Autonomous University of Zacatecas, Zacatecas, Mexico
| | - Pedro Majano
- Molecular Biology Unit, Research Institute of University Hospital La Princesa (IP), Madrid, Spain
| | - José Antonio Sánchez-Toméro
- Department and Nephrology, Research Institute of University Hospital La Princesa (IP), Madrid, Spain.,Renal research network REDINREN, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Selgas
- Research Institute of La Paz (IdiPAZ), University Hospital La Paz, Madrid, Spain.,Renal research network REDINREN, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel López-Cabrera
- Renal research network REDINREN, Madrid, Spain.,Molecular Biology Research Centre Severo Ochoa, Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Abelardo Aguilera
- Molecular Biology Unit, Research Institute of University Hospital La Princesa (IP), Madrid, Spain.,Renal research network REDINREN, Madrid, Spain
| | - Guadalupe González Mateo
- Research Institute of La Paz (IdiPAZ), University Hospital La Paz, Madrid, Spain.,Renal research network REDINREN, Madrid, Spain.,Molecular Biology Research Centre Severo Ochoa, Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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Zuo A, Zhao P, Zheng Y, Hua H, Wang X. Tripterine inhibits proliferation, migration and invasion of breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells by up-regulating microRNA-15a. Biol Chem 2019; 400:1069-1078. [PMID: 30913029 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2018-0469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women worldwide. Tripterine is an important active component isolated from Triperygium wilfordii Hook F. This study investigated the effects of tripterine on breast cancer cell proliferation, migration, invasion and apoptosis, as well as microRNA-15a (miR-15a) expression. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed to measure the expression of miR-15a. Cell transfection was conducted to change the expression of miR-15a. Viability, proliferation, migration, invasion and apoptosis of MDA-MB-231 cells were assessed using the cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, BrdU incorporation assay, Annexin V-FITC/PI apoptosis detection kit and two-chamber Transwell assay, respectively. Expression of key factors involving in cell proliferation, migration, invasion and apoptosis, as well as the PI3K/AKT and JNK pathways, were evaluated using Western blotting. We found that tripterine inhibited MDA-MB-231 cell viability, proliferation, migration and invasion, but induced cell apoptosis. Moreover, tripterine up-regulated the expression of miR-15a in a concentration-dependent manner and miR-15a participated in the effects of tripterine on MDA-MB-231 cell proliferation, migration, invasion and apoptosis. In addition, tripterine inactivated PI3K/AKT and JNK pathways in MDA-MB-231 cells by up-regulating miR-15a. In conclusion, tripterine inhibited proliferation, migration and invasion of breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells by up-regulating miR-15a and inactivating PI3K/AKT and JNK pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjun Zuo
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Yu Zheng
- Department of General Internal Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Hui Hua
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Xingang Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 59 Haier Road, Qingdao 266000, China
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Zhou J, Hu T, Gao L, Su P, Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Chen S, Tu L, Song Y, Wang X, Huang L, Gao W. Friedelane-type triterpene cyclase in celastrol biosynthesis from Tripterygium wilfordii and its application for triterpenes biosynthesis in yeast. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 223:722-735. [PMID: 30895623 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Celastrol is a promising bioactive compound isolated from Tripterygium wilfordii and has been shown to possess many encouraging preclinical applications. However, the celastrol biosynthetic pathway is poorly understood, especially the key oxidosqualene cyclase (OSC) enzyme responsible for cyclisation of the main scaffold. Here, we report on the isolation and characterisation of three OSCs from T. wilfordii: TwOSC1, TwOSC2 and TwOSC3. Both TwOSC1 and TwOSC3 were multiproduct friedelin synthases, while TwOSC2 was a β-amyrin synthase. We further found that TwOSC1 and TwOSC3 were involved in the biosynthesis of celastrol and that their common product, friedelin, was a precursor of celastrol. We then reconstituted the biosynthetic pathway of friedelin in engineered yeast constructed by the CRISPR/Cas9 system, with protein modification and medium optimisation, leading to heterologous production of friedelin at 37.07 mg l-1 in a shake flask culture. Our study was the first to identify the genes responsible for biosynthesis of the main scaffold of celastrol and other triterpenes in T. wilfordii. As friedelin has been found in many plants, the results and approaches described here have laid a solid foundation for further explaining the biosynthesis of celastrol and related triterpenoids. Moreover, our results provide insights for metabolic engineering of friedelane-type triterpenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Zhou
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Tianyuan Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Linhui Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Ping Su
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Yifeng Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Yujun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Shang Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Lichan Tu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Yadi Song
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Xing Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Luqi Huang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Wei Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
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Rodrigues T, de Almeida BP, Barbosa-Morais NL, Bernardes GJL. Dissecting celastrol with machine learning to unveil dark pharmacology. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:6369-6372. [PMID: 31089616 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc03116b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
By coalescing bespoke machine learning and bioinformatics analyses with cell-based assays, we unveil the pharmacology of celastrol. Celastrol is a direct modulator of the progesterone and cannabinoid receptors, and its effects correlate with the antiproliferative activity. We demonstrate how in silico methods may drive systems biology studies for natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Rodrigues
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028, Lisboa, Portugal.
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Jin C, Wu Z, Wang L, Kanai Y, He X. CYP450s-Activity Relations of Celastrol to Interact with Triptolide Reveal the Reasons of Hepatotoxicity of Tripterygium wilfordii. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24112162. [PMID: 31181731 PMCID: PMC6600472 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24112162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Celastrol and triptolide, as the two main bio-activity ingredients in Tripterygium wilfordii, have wide anticancer pharmacological potency, as well as anti-inflammatory and immunosuppression effects. However, they have potential hepatotoxicity and underlying mechanisms of them-induced toxicity mediated by hepatic CYP450s have not been well delineated. In the present study, we accessed the toxic effects and possible mechanism of celastrol and triptolide on primary rat hepatocytes. Models of subdued/enhanced activity of CYP450 enzymes in primary rat hepatocytes were also constructed to evaluate the relationship between the two ingredients and CYP450s. LC-MS/MS was used to establish a detection method of the amount of triptolide in rat hepatocytes. As the results, cell viability, biochemical index, and mitochondrial membrane potential indicated that celastrol and triptolide had toxic potencies on hepatocytes. Moreover, the toxic effects were enhanced when the compounds combined with 1-aminobenzotriazole (enzyme inhibitor) while they were mitigated when combined with phenobarbital (an enzyme inducer). Meanwhile, celastrol could affect the amount of triptolide in the cell. We therefore put forward that increase of triptolide in the cell might be one of the main causes of hepatotoxicity caused by Tripterygium wilfordii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhuan Jin
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Panyu District, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China.
- Department of Bio-system Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Zijun Wu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China.
| | - Lili Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China.
| | - Yoshikatsu Kanai
- Department of Bio-system Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Xin He
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Panyu District, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China.
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China.
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Protein misfolding, aggregation and mechanism of amyloid cytotoxicity: An overview and therapeutic strategies to inhibit aggregation. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 134:1022-1037. [PMID: 31128177 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.05.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Protein and peptides are converted from their soluble forms into highly ordered fibrillar aggregates under various conditions inside the cell. Such transitions confer diverse neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease Prion's disease, Parkinson's disease, polyQ and share abnormal folding of potentially cytotoxic protein species linked with degeneration and death of precise neuronal populations. Presently, major advances are made to understand and get detailed insight into the structural basis and mechanism of amyloid formation, cytotoxicity and therapeutic approaches to combat them. Here we highlight classifies and summarizes the detailed overview of protein misfolding and aggregation at their molecular level including the factors that promote protein aggregation under in vivo and in vitro conditions. In addition, we describe the recent technologies that aid the characterization of amyloid aggregates along with several models that might be responsible for amyloid induced cytotoxicity to cells. Overview on the inhibition of amyloidosis by targeting different small molecules (both natural and synthetic origin) have been also discussed, that provides important approaches to identify novel targets and develop specific therapeutic strategies to combat protein aggregation related neurodegenerative diseases.
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Li J, Hao J. Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases with Bioactive Components of Tripterygium wilfordii. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2019; 47:769-785. [PMID: 31091976 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x1950040x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F. (TWHF), a traditional Chinese medicine, has been widely used to treat autoimmune and inflammatory diseases including rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus and dermatomyositis in China. Recently, studies have demonstrated that the bioactive components of TWHF have effective therapeutic potential for neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and Multiple Sclerosis. In this paper, we summarize the research progress of triptolide and celastrol (the two major TWHF components) as well as their analogues in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. In addition, we review and discuss the molecular mechanisms and structure features of those two bioactive TWHF components, highlighting their therapeutic promise in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianheng Li
- * School of Pharmacy, Key laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, P. R. China
| | - Jijun Hao
- † College of Veterinary Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA.,‡ Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
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Sass G, Ansari SR, Dietl AM, Déziel E, Haas H, Stevens DA. Intermicrobial interaction: Aspergillus fumigatus siderophores protect against competition by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0216085. [PMID: 31067259 PMCID: PMC6505954 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Aspergillus fumigatus are pathogens frequently co-inhabiting immunocompromised patient airways, particularly in people with cystic fibrosis. Both microbes depend on the availability of iron, and compete for iron in their microenvironment. We showed previously that the P. aeruginosa siderophore pyoverdine is the main instrument in battling A. fumigatus biofilms, by iron chelation and denial of iron to the fungus. Here we show that A. fumigatus siderophores defend against anti-fungal P. aeruginosa effects. P. aeruginosa supernatants produced in the presence of wildtype A. fumigatus planktonic supernatants (Afsup) showed less activity against A. fumigatus biofilms than P. aeruginosa supernatants without Afsup, despite higher production of pyoverdine by P. aeruginosa. Supernatants of A. fumigatus cultures lacking the sidA gene (AfΔsidA), unable to produce hydroxamate siderophores, were less capable of protecting A. fumigatus biofilms from P. aeruginosa supernatants and pyoverdine. AfΔsidA biofilm was more sensitive towards inhibitory effects of pyoverdine, the iron chelator deferiprone (DFP), or amphothericin B than wildtype A. fumigatus biofilm. Supplementation of sidA-deficient A. fumigatus biofilm with A. fumigatus siderophores restored resistance to pyoverdine. The A. fumigatus siderophore production inhibitor celastrol sensitized wildtype A. fumigatus biofilms towards the anti-fungal activity of DFP. In conclusion, A. fumigatus hydroxamate siderophores play a pivotal role in A. fumigatus competition for iron against P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Sass
- California Institute for Medical Research, San Jose, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Shajia R. Ansari
- California Institute for Medical Research, San Jose, California, United States of America
| | - Anna-Maria Dietl
- Division of Molecular Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Eric Déziel
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Hubertus Haas
- Division of Molecular Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - David A. Stevens
- California Institute for Medical Research, San Jose, California, United States of America
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
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81
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Celastrol, a major active constituent of Tripterygium wilfordii, has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer effects. However, whether celastrol can exert protective effect on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) is unknown. The aim of this study was to test the protective effect of celastrol on MIRI and elucidate its underlying mechanism. METHODS Cardiomyocytes (H9c2 cells) were subjected to hypoxia for 8 h followed by reoxygenation for 4 h to create hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) model, an in vitro MIRI model. Celastrol was added to the medium 60 min before the H/R process . Cell viability was detected using MTT assay. Myocardial injury was evaluated by measuring lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase MB isoenzyme (CK-MB) activity. Changes in mRNA and protein expression of TNF-α, IL-1ß, and nuclear factor-K B (NF-K B) were measured with RT-qPCR assay and western blot analysis. RESULTS Results showed that low-dose celastrol (20 and 50 nM) treatment significantly increased cell viability and decreased LDH and CK-MB activity in the condition of H/R, but high-dose celastrol (200 and 400 nM) resulted in extra injury to cardiomyocytes. Moreover, treatment with 50 nM celastrol significantly downregulated mRNA and protein expression of TNF-α and IL-1ß. Meanwhile, NF-K B mRNA and protein in the nucleus were also correspondingly reduced. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated that low-dose celastrol could prevent MIRI in cardiomyocytes by inhibiting the activation of NF-K B, and celastrol may be a potential therapeutic agent for preventing MIRI.
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Zhang X, Xue XC, Wang Y, Cao FF, You J, Uzan G, Peng B, Zhang DH. Celastrol Reverses Palmitic Acid-Induced Insulin Resistance in HepG2 Cells via Restoring the miR-223 and GLUT4 Pathway. Can J Diabetes 2019; 43:165-172. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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von Rüden EL, Wolf F, Gualtieri F, Keck M, Hunt CR, Pandita TK, Potschka H. Genetic and Pharmacological Targeting of Heat Shock Protein 70 in the Mouse Amygdala-Kindling Model. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:1434-1444. [PMID: 30396268 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory responses involving Toll-like receptor signaling represent a key factor contributing to epileptogenesis. Thus, it is of particular interest to explore the relevance of toll-like receptor ligands and modulators, such as heat shock protein 70 (HSP70). Motivated by recent findings demonstrating an upregulation of HSP70 in a model of epileptogenesis, we analyzed the consequences of genetic and pharmacological targeting of HSP70 expression in a mouse kindling paradigm. Lack of inducible HSP70 resulted in increased prekindling seizure thresholds. However, at threshold stimulation the deficiency-promoted seizure spread, as indicated by an increased seizure severity. Subsequent kindling stimulations elicited more severe seizures in knockout mice, whereas endogenous termination of seizure activity remained unaffected with duration of behavioral and electrographic seizure activity comparable to that of wild-type mice. Interestingly, HSP70 deficiency resulted in enhanced microglia activation in the CA1 region. Next, we assessed a pharmacological targeting approach aiming to promote HSP70 expression. Celastrol treatment had no impact on kindling progression but reduced postkindling seizure thresholds and enhanced microglia activation in CA1 and CA3. In conclusion, the findings from HSP70-knockout mice support a protective role of HSP70 with an effect on microglia activation and spread of seizure activity. Unexpectedly, celastrol administration resulted in detrimental consequences. These findings should be considered as a warning about the general safety of celastrol as a drug candidate. The impact of pathophysiological mechanisms on the quality of celastrol effects requires comprehensive future studies exploring influencing factors. Moreover, alternate strategies to increase HSP70 expression should be further developed and validated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva-Lotta von Rüden
- Institute of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Koeniginstraße 16, D-80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Fabio Wolf
- Institute of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Koeniginstraße 16, D-80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Fabio Gualtieri
- Institute of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Koeniginstraße 16, D-80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Keck
- Institute of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Koeniginstraße 16, D-80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Clayton R. Hunt
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6550 Fannin Street SM8-024, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Tej K. Pandita
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6550 Fannin Street SM8-024, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Heidrun Potschka
- Institute of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Koeniginstraße 16, D-80539 Munich, Germany
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Lin FZ, Wang SC, Hsi YT, Lo YS, Lin CC, Chuang YC, Lin SH, Hsieh MJ, Chen MK. Celastrol induces vincristine multidrug resistance oral cancer cell apoptosis by targeting JNK1/2 signaling pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 54:1-8. [PMID: 30668359 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.09.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral cancers are one of the most aggressive malignancies, with high mortality rates globally. Patients with these cancers are treated using combination therapies including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. HYPOTHESIS/PURPOSE Traditional Chinese medicines and other herbal medicines have been used to treat various diseases in Asia. Celastrol is a pentacyclic triterpenoid isolated from the Chinese herbal medicine Trypterygium wilfordii, which has therapeutic potential in multiple diseases. The present study was to determine the effect of celastrol on vincristine-resistant cancer cell line and to illuminate the mechanism of celastrol-induced cell apoptosis. STUDY DESIGN Celastrol was added to vincristine-resistant cancer cell and immunoreactive proteins were detected. METHODS AND RESULTS Our study demonstrated that celastrol leads to apoptosis of head and neck cancer cells through mitochondria- and Fas-mediated pathways. However, whether this herbal medicine exhibits beneficial effects on vincristine-resistant oral cancer patients remains uncertain. Therefore, our study examined the apoptotic effect exerted by celastrol and the mechanism by this drug acts on a vincristine-resistant cancer cell line. The present study demonstrated that celastrol triggered apoptotic cell death by inducing cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase via the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways (increased cleaved caspase-3, caspase-8, caspase-9, and PARP). Increased expression of tBid also indicated the presence of crosstalk between the two pathways. Celastrol mediated cell apoptosis through the downregulation of the expression of Bcl-2, not Bcl-xL. Moreover, JNK1/2 signaling was the main pathway of celastrol-induced apoptosis. CONCLUSION Celastrol could become a useful agent for treating oral cancers with MDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Zhen Lin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chung Wang
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Changhua Christian Children's Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Hsi
- Oral Cancer Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Sheng Lo
- Oral Cancer Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chieh Lin
- Oral Cancer Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ching Chuang
- Oral Cancer Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Hui Lin
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Ju Hsieh
- Oral Cancer Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan; Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Center for General Education, Mingdao University, Changhua 52345, Taiwan.
| | - Mu-Kuan Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan
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85
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Du Z, Zhang W, Wang S, Zhang J, He J, Wang Y, Dong Y, Huo M. Celastrol protects human retinal pigment epithelial cells against hydrogen peroxide mediated oxidative stress, autophagy, and apoptosis through sirtuin 3 signal pathway. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:10413-10420. [PMID: 30618198 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD), one of the most common causes of visual impairment, often occurrs in the elderly in developed countries. Oxidative stress, autophagy, and apoptosis of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells play roles in the pathogenesis of AMD. In the current study, the protective effect of celastrol against hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 )-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis was investigated using a human RPE cell line (ARPE-19). H2 O2 inhibited ARPE-19 cells' survival and autophagy and induced their oxidative stress and apoptosis. Compared with the H2 O2 group, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay showed that celastrol increased ARPE-19 cells' survival in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Further, studies have suggested that celastrol has antioxidative stress and antiapoptosis effects in H2 O2 -treated ARPE-19 cells. Also, cell autophagy is activated by celastrol in H2 O2 -treated ARPE-19 cells. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blot showed that celastrol elevated the messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression of sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) in H2 O2 -induced ARPE-19 cells. Inhibition of the level of SIRT3 by SIRT3 small interfering RNA (siRNA) reversed the effects of celastrol on oxidative stress, autophagy, and apoptosis in H2 O2 -induced ARPE-19 cells. In conclusion, these observations suggest that celastrol activates the SIRT3 pathway in RPE cells and protects against H2 O2 -induced oxidative stress and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaojiang Du
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shengyu Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jingang He
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuhong Dong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Min Huo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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Rehman MU, Wali AF, Ahmad A, Shakeel S, Rasool S, Ali R, Rashid SM, Madkhali H, Ganaie MA, Khan R. Neuroprotective Strategies for Neurological Disorders by Natural Products: An update. Curr Neuropharmacol 2019; 17:247-267. [PMID: 30207234 PMCID: PMC6425075 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x16666180911124605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Nature has bestowed mankind with surplus resources (natural products) on land and water. Natural products have a significant role in the prevention of disease and boosting of health in humans and animals. These natural products have been experimentally documented to possess various biological properties such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic activities. In vitro and in vivo studies have further established the usefulness of natural products in various preclinical models of neurodegenerative disorders. Natural products include phytoconstituents, like polyphenolic antioxidants, found in herbs, fruits, nuts, vegetables and also in marine and freshwater flora. These phytoconstituents may potentially suppress neurodegeneration and improve memory as well as cognitive functions of the brain. Also, they are known to play a pivotal role in the prevention and cure of different neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, epilepsy, Parkinson's disease and other neuronal disorders. The large-scale neuro-pharmacological activities of natural products have been documented due to the result of either the inhibition of inflammatory processes, or the up-regulation of various cell survival proteins or a combination of both. Due to the scarcity of human studies on neuroprotective effects of natural products, this review focuses on the various established activities of natural products in in vitro and in vivo preclinical models, and their potential neuro-therapeutic applications using the available knowledge in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Rehan Khan
- Address correspondence to this author at the Department of Nano-Therapeutics, Institute of Nano Science & Technology, Habitat Centre, Phase X, Mohali-160062, Punjab, India; E-mail:
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87
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Inhibitory effect of celastrol on adipogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 507:236-241. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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88
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Systematic identification of Celastrol-binding proteins reveals that Shoc2 is inhibited by Celastrol. Biosci Rep 2018; 38:BSR20181233. [PMID: 30333251 PMCID: PMC6246769 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20181233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer. Celastrol exhibits anti-tumor activities in a variety of cancers. However, the effect of Celastrol on human CRC and the underlying mechanisms still need to be elucidated. The present study aimed to use in vitro and in vivo methods to clarify the anti-tumor effect of Celastrol and use protein microarrays to explore its mechanisms. We demonstrated that Celastrol effectively inhibited SW480 CRC cell proliferation. Two weeks of Celastrol gavage significantly inhibited the growth of xenografts in nude mice. A total of 69 candidate proteins were identified in the protein microarray experiment, including the most highly enriched protein Shoc2, which is a scaffold protein that modulates cell motility and metastasis through the ERK pathway. Celastrol significantly inhibited ERK1/2 phosphorylation in cell lines and xenograft tumors. Down-regulation of Shoc2 expression using Shoc2 siRNA also inhibited ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Furthermore, down-regulation of Shoc2 expression also significantly inhibited proliferation, colony formation, and migration functions of tumor cells. In addition, the LD0 of Celastrol by gavage is equal or more than 80 mg/kg in C57 male mice. In summary, we unraveled the anti-CRC function of Celastrol and confirmed for the first time that it inhibited the ERK1/2 pathway through binding to Shoc2.
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89
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Petrović A, Kaur J, Tomljanović I, Nistri A, Mladinic M. Pharmacological induction of Heat Shock Protein 70 by celastrol protects motoneurons from excitotoxicity in rat spinal cord in vitro. Eur J Neurosci 2018; 49:215-231. [PMID: 30362615 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The secondary phase of spinal cord injury arising after the primary lesion largely extends the damage severity with delayed negative consequences for sensory-motor pathways. It is, therefore, important to find out if enhancing intrinsic mechanisms of neuroprotection can spare motoneurons that are very vulnerable cells. This issue was investigated with an in vitro model of rat spinal cord excitotoxicity monitored for up to 24 hr after the primary injury evoked by kainate. This study sought to pharmacologically boost the expression of heat shock proteins (HSP) to protect spinal motoneurons using celastrol to investigate if the rat spinal cord can upregulate HSP as neuroprotective mechanism. Despite its narrow range of drug safety in vitro, celastrol was not toxic to the rat spinal cord at 0.75 μM concentration and enhanced the expression of HSP70 by motoneurons. When celastrol was applied either before or after kainate, the number of dead motoneurons was significantly decreased and the nuclear localization of the cell death biomarker AIF strongly inhibited. Nevertheless, electrophysiological recording showed that protection of lumbar motor networks by celastrol was rather limited as reflex activity was impaired and fictive locomotion largely depressed, suggesting that functional deficit persisted, though the networks could express slow rhythmic oscillations. While our data do not exclude further recovery at later times beyond the experimental observations, the present results indicate that the upregulated expression of HSP in the aftermath of acute injury may be an interesting avenue for early protection of spinal motoneurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonela Petrović
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia.,Neuroscience Department, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Trieste, Italy
| | - Jaspreet Kaur
- Neuroscience Department, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Nistri
- Neuroscience Department, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Trieste, Italy
| | - Miranda Mladinic
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
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90
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Mabhida SE, Dludla PV, Johnson R, Ndlovu M, Louw J, Opoku AR, Mosa RA. Protective effect of triterpenes against diabetes-induced β-cell damage: An overview of in vitro and in vivo studies. Pharmacol Res 2018; 137:179-192. [PMID: 30315968 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Accumulative evidence shows that chronic hyperglycaemia is a major factor implicated in the development of pancreatic β-cell dysfunction in diabetic patients. Furthermore, most of these patients display impaired insulin signalling that is responsible for accelerated pancreatic β-cell damage. Indeed, prominent pathways involved in glucose metabolism such as phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/ protein kinase B (PI3-K/AKT) and 5' AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) are impaired in an insulin resistant state. The impairment of this pathway is associated with over production of reactive oxygen species and pro-inflammatory factors that supersede pancreatic β-cell damage. Although several antidiabetic drugs can improve β-cell function by modulating key regulators such as PI3-K/AKT and AMPK, evidence of their β-cell regenerative and protective effect is scanty. As a result, there has been continued exploration of novel antidiabetic therapeutics with abundant antioxidant and antiinflammatory properties that are essential in protecting against β-cell damage. Such therapies include triterpenes, which have displayed robust effects to improve glycaemic tolerance, insulin secretion, and pancreatic β-cell function. This review summarises most relevant effects of various triterpenes on improving pancreatic β-cell function in both in vitro and in vivo experimental models. A special focus falls on studies reporting on the ameliorative properties of these compounds against insulin resistance, oxidative stress and inflammation, the well-known factors involved in hyperglycaemia associated tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihle E Mabhida
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa, 3886, South Africa; Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform (BRIP), South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, 7505, South Africa.
| | - Phiwayinkosi V Dludla
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, 60121, Italy; Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform (BRIP), South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, 7505, South Africa
| | - Rabia Johnson
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform (BRIP), South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, 7505, South Africa; Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Musawenkosi Ndlovu
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa, 3886, South Africa
| | - Johan Louw
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa, 3886, South Africa; Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform (BRIP), South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, 7505, South Africa
| | - Andy R Opoku
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa, 3886, South Africa
| | - Rebamang A Mosa
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa, 3886, South Africa
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91
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Xiong Y, Yan Y, Li Y. Tripterine alleviates LPS-induced inflammatory injury by up-regulation of miR-146a in HaCaT cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 105:798-804. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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92
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Shin HW, Lee YJ, Kim J. Role of c-Myb in the regulation of natural killer cell activity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 503:2807-2813. [PMID: 30103947 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.08.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The regulation of natural killer (NK) cell activity is an important research goal for the development of immunotherapies. In this study, we identified transcription factors affecting NK cell activity. In particular, we screened transcription factors affected by interleukin-2 (IL-2) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) by protein/DNA arrays using primary NK cells. We found that celastrol, a c-Myb inhibitor, inhibited NK-92 cells more strongly than any other inhibitors of transcription factor candidates. In addition, c-Myb and c-Myb-related signaling molecules, e.g., Nemo-like kinase (NLK) and c-Myc, were regulated by the activation status of NK cells, suggesting that c-Myb is a key regulator of NK cell activity. We also found that celastrol inhibits NK-92-cell-mediated cytotoxicity via the downregulation of NKG2D and granzyme B. Knockdown studies also showed that c-Myb is important for NK cell activation. In particular, the knockdown of c-Myb did not significantly affect NK cell proliferation and survival but decreased the secretion of IFN-γ and the cytotoxicity of NK cells. Our data demonstrate that c-Myb plays a critical role in the activation of NK cells and therefore is a therapeutic target for cancer and viral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Wook Shin
- Department of Microbiology, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, South Korea
| | - Yoo-Jin Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, South Korea
| | - Jongsun Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, South Korea.
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93
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Kashyap D, Sharma A, Tuli HS, Sak K, Mukherjee T, Bishayee A. Molecular targets of celastrol in cancer: Recent trends and advancements. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2018; 128:70-81. [PMID: 29958633 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2018.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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94
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Wei Y, Wang Y. Celastrol attenuates impairments associated with lipopolysaccharide-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in rats. J Immunotoxicol 2018; 14:228-234. [PMID: 29179596 DOI: 10.1080/1547691x.2017.1394933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Celastrol, a constituent from a traditional Chinese medicinal herb belonging to the family Celastraceae, has been shown to impart anti-inflammatory properties, in part, by inhibiting NF-κB activity and related induction of pro-inflammatory cytokine formation/release. The present study investigated the effects of celastrol in an animal model of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) induced by intratracheal administration of lipopolysaccharides (LPSs). Celastrol pre-treatment groups received celastrol by intraperitoneal injection on seven consecutive days before LPS treatment. In rats evaluated 24 h after LPS administration, oxygenation indices and lung injury were measured, as were levels of inflammatory cells and cytokines in isolated bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Lung tissue expression of proteins involved in NF-κB and ERK/MAPK pathways were measured by Western blot analyses. Celastrol pre-treatments appeared to attenuate LPS-induced lung injury and inflammatory responses in the rats, including decreases in inducible aggregation\infiltration of inflammatory cells and production/release of pro-inflammatory cytokines into the lung airways. Celastrol appeared to also inhibit NF-κB activation, but had no effect on ERK/MAPK pathways in the LPS-induced ARDS. The results here thus indicated that celastrol pre-treatment could impart protective effects against LPS-induced ARDS, and that these effects may be occurring through an inhibition of induction of NF-κB signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjun Wei
- a Tianjin First Center Hospital , Tianjin , China
| | - Yu Wang
- a Tianjin First Center Hospital , Tianjin , China
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95
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Abstract
Celastrol is a highly investigated anticancer moiety. It is a pentacyclic triterpenoid, isolated several decades ago with promising role in chemoprevention. Celastrol has been found to target multiple proinflammatory, angiogenic and metastatic proteins. Inhibition of these targets results in significant reduction of cancer growth, survival and metastasis. This review summarizes the varied molecular targets of celastrol along with insight into the various recently published clinical, preclinical and industrial patents (2011-2017).
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96
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Han XB, Tan Y, Fang YQ, Li F. Protective effects of celastrol against γ irradiation-induced oxidative stress in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:685-694. [PMID: 30116323 PMCID: PMC6090236 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
High-dose ionizing radiation can cause harmful effects on the cardiovascular system. Notably, endothelial cells are critical targets in radiation-induced damage. γ radiation exerts its biological effects through the radiolysis of water, which further generates ROS and induces lipid peroxidation and DNA damage. The present study aimed to evaluate the potential protective effects of celastrol against γ radiation-induced oxidative stress in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). HUVECs were exposed to γ radiation at different doses with or without celastrol treatment. Cell viability and cytotoxicity, migratory ability, ROS production, lipid peroxidation, oxidative DNA damage and antioxidative enzyme levels were evaluated in HUVECs at 24 h post-irradiation. It was observed that HUVECs exhibited decreased cell viability, increased cytotoxicity and a decreased migratory ability after exposure to 20-Gy γ radiation. Celastrol treatment concentration-dependently reversed these effects. γ irradiation was also demonstrated to increase the production of ROS, enhance lipid peroxidation and oxidative DNA damage and decrease the levels of SOD, catalase, GST and GPx in HUVECs. These detrimental effects were blocked by treatment with celastrol for 24 h. These data suggested that celastrol not only attenuated γ radiation-induced cytotoxicity, but also effectively blocked oxidative stress in HUVECs. As an antioxidant agent, celastrol may have potential protective effects in HUVECs against γ irradiation-induced injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Bei Han
- Department of Pathophysiology, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China.,Tumor Biotherapy Center, Jilin Province People's Hospital, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Yan Tan
- Tumor Biotherapy Center, Jilin Province People's Hospital, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Qiu Fang
- Tumor Biotherapy Center, Jilin Province People's Hospital, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
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97
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Chakraborty K, Joy M. Characterization and bioactive potentials of secondary metabolites from mollusks Crassostrea madrasensis and Amphioctopus marginatus. Nat Prod Res 2018; 33:3190-3202. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2018.1466131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kajal Chakraborty
- Marine Bioprospecting Section of Marine Biotechnology Division, Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Cochin, India
| | - Minju Joy
- Marine Bioprospecting Section of Marine Biotechnology Division, Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Cochin, India
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98
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Moreira H, Szyjka A, Gąsiorowski K. Chemopreventive activity of celastrol in drug-resistant human colon carcinoma cell cultures. Oncotarget 2018; 9:21211-21223. [PMID: 29765532 PMCID: PMC5940375 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Celastrol (tripterine) a pentacyclic triterpenoid extracted from the roots of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook f., exhibits potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity and also exerts important anti-cancer effects, as induction of apoptosis and lowering the level of drug resistance of several cancers. Increased level of cellular resistance to cytostatic drugs is typical for colorectal cancers, and largely determines the failure of chemotherapy for this tumor. The purpose of our research was to evaluate the chemopreventive effect of celastrol on cultures of colon cancer cells resistant to doxorubicin (LOVO/DX). With the use of flow cytometry we have shown that celastrol reduces the cell size of the SP (side population; subpopulation of cancer cells enriched with cancer stem cells), increases frequency of apoptosis and binds to Pgp protein in cell membranes inhibiting its transport function. The inhibition of the Pgp transport function has been shown to increase the accumulation of rhodamine-123 and standard cytostatic- doxorubicin in LOVO/DX cells. Our results prove that celastrol exhibits significant chemopreventive and chemosensitizing activities on drug resistant colon cancer cells. Celastrol appears to be a good candidate for adjuvant medicine that can improve the effectiveness of standard cytostatic therapy in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Moreira
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Anna Szyjka
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Kazimierz Gąsiorowski
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland
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99
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Soleti R, Andriantsitohaina R, Martinez MC. Impact of polyphenols on extracellular vesicle levels and effects and their properties as tools for drug delivery for nutrition and health. Arch Biochem Biophys 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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100
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Hu X, Jia M, Fu Y, Zhang P, Zhang Z, Lin Q. Novel Low-Toxic Derivative of Celastrol Maintains Protective Effect against Acute Renal Injury. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:2652-2660. [PMID: 30023844 PMCID: PMC6045326 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b01890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to novelly design and synthesize an amide derivative as a potential substitute of celastrol (CLT). We constituted the compound celastrol-glucosamine (CLG) by conjugating 1-(2-aminoethoxy)-2-glucosamine to celastrol (CLT) and confirmed its chemical structure by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and LC-MS/MS. Then, the potential efficacy of the CLG was investigated on renal ischemia-reperfusion injury animal models. The results demonstrated that the decorated compound CLG could completely reverse the disease progression as same as CLT. Furthermore, the toxicity of CLG was also fully evaluated in rat blood, liver, kidney, heart, spleen, lung, and reproductive system. Compared to the performance of CLT on normal organs, CLG could remarkably maintain high safety and significantly reduce the side effects. Taken together, the CLG could keep the same efficacy as CLT while processing lower toxicity in vivo.
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