51
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Silva R, Ferreira H, Carvalho AC, Gomes AC, Cavaco-Paulo A. Protein microspheres as suitable devices for piroxicam release. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2012; 92:277-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2011.11.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2011] [Revised: 10/28/2011] [Accepted: 11/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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52
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Loveymi BD, Jelvehgari M, Zakeri-Milani P, Valizadeh H. Design of vancomycin RS-100 nanoparticles in order to increase the intestinal permeability. Adv Pharm Bull 2012; 2:43-56. [PMID: 24312770 DOI: 10.5681/apb.2012.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2012] [Accepted: 01/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this work was to preparation of vancomycin (VCM) biodegradable nanoparticles to improve the intestinal permeability, using water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) multiple emulsion method. METHODS The vancomycin-loaded nanoparticles were created using double-emulsion solvent evaporation method. Using Eudragit RS100 as a coating material. The prepared nanoparticles were identifyed for their micromeritic and crystallographic properties, drug loading, particle size, drug release, Zeta potential, effective permeability (Peff) and oral fractional absorption. Intestinal permeability of VCM nanoparticles was figured out, in different concentrations using SPIP technique in rats. RESULTS Particle sizes were between 362 and 499 nm for different compositions of VCM-RS-100 nanoparticles. Entrapment efficiency expansed between 63%-94.76%. The highest entrapment efficiency 94.76% was obtained when the ratio of drug to polymer was 1:3. The in vitro release studies were accomplished in pH 7.4. The results showed that physicochemical properties were impressed by drug to polymer ratio. The FT-IR, XRPD and DSC results ruled out any chemical interaction betweenthe drug and RS-100. Effective intestinal permeability values of VCM nanoparticles in concentrations of 200, 300 and 400 μg/ml were higher than that of solutions at the same concentrations. Oral fractional absorption was achieved between 0.419-0.767. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that RS-100 nanoparticles could provide a delivery system for VCM, with enhanced intestinal permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badir Delf Loveymi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. ; Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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53
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Ma Y, Zhao X, Li J, Shen Q. The comparison of different daidzein-PLGA nanoparticles in increasing its oral bioavailability. Int J Nanomedicine 2012; 7:559-70. [PMID: 22346351 PMCID: PMC3277436 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s27641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this research was to increase the oral bioavailability of daidzein by the formulations of poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) nanoparticles loaded with daidzein. Amongst the various traditional and novel techniques of preparing daidzein-loaded PLGA nanoparticles, daidzein-loaded phospholipid complexes PLGA nanoparticles and daidzein-loaded cyclodextrin inclusion complexes PLGA nanoparticles were selected. The average drug entrapment efficiency, particle size, and zeta potential of daidzein-loaded phospholipid complexes PLGA nanoparticles and daidzein-loaded cyclodextrin inclusion complexes PLGA nanoparticles were 81.9% ± 5%, 309.2 ± 14.0 nm, -32.14 ± 2.53 mV and 83.2% ± 7.2%, 323.2 ± 4.8 nm, -18.73 ± 1.68 mV, respectively. The morphological characterization of nanoparticles was observed with scanning electron microscopy by stereological method and the physicochemical state of nanoparticles was valued by differential scanning calorimetry. The in vitro drug-release profile of both nanoparticle formulations fitted the Weibull dynamic equation. Pharmacokinetic studies demonstrated that after oral administration of daidzein-loaded phospholipid complexes PLGA nanoparticles and daidzein-loaded cyclodextrin inclusion complexes PLGA nanoparticles to rats at a dose of 10 mg/kg, relative bioavailability was enhanced about 5.57- and 8.85-fold, respectively, compared to daidzein suspension as control. These results describe an effective strategy for oral delivery of daidzein-loaded PLGA nanoparticles and might provide a fresh approach to enhancing the bioavailability of drugs with poor lipophilic and poor hydrophilic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyi Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Shen
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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54
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Mohammadi G, Nokhodchi A, Barzegar-Jalali M, Lotfipour F, Adibkia K, Ehyaei N, Valizadeh H. Physicochemical and anti-bacterial performance characterization of clarithromycin nanoparticles as colloidal drug delivery system. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2011; 88:39-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2011.05.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2011] [Revised: 04/12/2011] [Accepted: 05/26/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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55
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Teutonico D, Ponchel G. Patches for improving gastrointestinal absorption: an overview. Drug Discov Today 2011; 16:991-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2011.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2011] [Revised: 04/07/2011] [Accepted: 05/27/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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56
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Propidium iodide labeling of nanoparticles as a novel tool for the quantification of cellular binding and uptake. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2011; 7:410-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2010.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2010] [Revised: 11/30/2010] [Accepted: 12/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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57
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Rawat Sing M, Singh D, Saraf S. Formulation Optimization of Controlled Delivery System for Antihypertensive Peptide using Response Surface Methodology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.3923/ajdd.2011.174.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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58
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Pandey R, Ahmad Z. Nanomedicine and experimental tuberculosis: facts, flaws, and future. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2011; 7:259-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2011.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2010] [Revised: 01/03/2011] [Accepted: 01/20/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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59
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Ahlin Grabnar P, Kristl J. The manufacturing techniques of drug-loaded polymeric nanoparticles from preformed polymers. J Microencapsul 2011; 28:323-35. [DOI: 10.3109/02652048.2011.569763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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60
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Mora-Huertas CE, Fessi H, Elaissari A. Influence of process and formulation parameters on the formation of submicron particles by solvent displacement and emulsification-diffusion methods critical comparison. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2011; 163:90-122. [PMID: 21376297 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2011.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2010] [Revised: 01/28/2011] [Accepted: 02/04/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Solvent displacement and emulsification-diffusion are the methods used most often for preparing biodegradable submicron particles. The major difference between them is the procedure, which results from the total or partial water miscibility of the organic solvents used. This review is devoted to a critical and a comparative analysis based on the mechanistic aspects of particle formation and reported data on the influence of operating conditions, polymers, stabilizing agents and solvents on the size and zeta-potential of particles. In addition, a systematic study was carried out experimentally in order to obtain experimental data not previously reported and compare the data pertaining to the different methods. Thus the discussion of the behaviors reported in the light of the results obtained from the literature takes into account a wide range of theoretical and practical information. This leads to discussion on the formation mechanism of the particles and provides criteria for selecting the adequate method and raw materials for satisfying specific objectives in submicron particle design.
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61
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Rawat Sing M, Singh D, Saraf S. Influence of Selected Formulation Variables on the Preparation of Peptide Loaded Lipospheres. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.3923/tmr.2011.101.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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62
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Kulkarni SA, Feng SS. Effects of surface modification on delivery efficiency of biodegradable nanoparticles across the blood–brain barrier. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2011; 6:377-94. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm.10.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of surface modification of biodegradable nanoparticles on their cellular uptake, cytotoxicity and biodistribution for the delivery of imaging and therapeutic agents across the blood–brain barrier. Materials & methods: Coumarin-6- and docetaxel-encapsulated poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles were prepared by a modified single emulsion method using polyvinyl alcohol or D-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (vitamin E TPGS or TPGS) as emulsifier. The nanoparticles’ surface was further modified with surfactants such as polysorbate-80 (Tween® 80), poloxamer 188 (F68) and poloxamer 407 (F127) to enhance cellular uptake of the NPs. Results: The F68-coated poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles demonstrated the greatest cellular uptake and achieved highest fluorescence concentration in the brain tissues over those with T80 and F127 surface modification. Conclusion: Surface modification is a feasible and efficient strategy for nanoparticles made of biodegradable polymers to deliver diagnostic and therapeutic agents across the blood–brain barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Avinash Kulkarni
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Block E5, 02–11, 4 Engineering Drive 4, 117576, Singapore
- Nanocores, National University of Singapore, Block EA, 04–27, 9 Engineering Drive 1, 117576, Singapore
| | - Si-Shen Feng
- Division of Bioengineering, National University of Singapore, Block EA, 05–12, 9 Engineering Drive 1, 117576, Singapore
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63
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Investigation of triacetin effect on indomethacin release from poly(methyl methacrylate) microspheres: Evaluation of interactions using FT-IR and NMR spectroscopies. Int J Pharm 2011; 404:102-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2010.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2010] [Revised: 11/08/2010] [Accepted: 11/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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64
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Development of novel nanoparticles shelled with heparin for berberine delivery to treat Helicobacter pylori. Acta Biomater 2011; 7:593-603. [PMID: 20813208 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2010.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2010] [Revised: 08/01/2010] [Accepted: 08/27/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Various approaches have been proposed to overcome the unpleasant side-effects associated with antibiotic treatment for Helicobacter pylori. The limited effectiveness of such approaches has forced researchers to consider alternative strategies to eliminate H. pylori infection. The plant alkaloid berberine is known to significantly reduce proliferation of H. pylori. To localize berberine to the site of H. pylori infection, this study developed a novel nanoparticle berberine carrier with a heparin shell. Analysis of a simulated gastrointestinal medium indicated that the proposed in vitro drug carrier system effectively controlled the release of berberine, which interacted specifically with the intercellular space at the site of H. pylori infection. Furthermore, the prepared nanoparticles significantly increased the suppressive effect of berberine on H. pylori growth while efficiently reducing cytotoxic effects in H. pylori-infected cells.
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65
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Bettencourt A, Florindo HF, Ferreira IFS, Matos A, Monteiro J, Neves C, Lopes P, Calado A, Castro M, Almeida AJ. Incorporation of tocopherol acetate-containing particles in acrylic bone cement. J Microencapsul 2010; 27:533-41. [PMID: 20459296 DOI: 10.3109/02652048.2010.484106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Acrylic bone cement (BC) is used in orthopaedic surgery to anchor cemented prostheses to bone. Association of antioxidant molecules to BC may suppress reactive species injury which contributes to implant failure. Tocopherol acetate (ATA)-loaded polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) particles (ATA(PMMA)) were prepared by single emulsion solvent evaporation technique and were incorporated into BC. An encapsulation efficiency of 84% (w/w) was obtained and drug release studies showed distinct ATA release profiles and mechanisms before and after particle incorporation into BC. Experimental data, analysed using first-order, Higuchi and Korsmeyer-Peppas models revealed that ATA was released from particles by a Fickian diffusion mechanism while a non-Fickian transport was observed upon particle incorporation in BC. There were no changes in the mechanical properties of BC specimens containing ATA(PMMA) particles, in contrast to what was observed when ATA was loaded directly into BC. Overall, ATA(PMMA) particles are potential carriers for the incorporation of an antioxidant drug into BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bettencourt
- Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences (iMed.UL), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal.
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66
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Mohammadi G, Valizadeh H, Barzegar-Jalali M, Lotfipour F, Adibkia K, Milani M, Azhdarzadeh M, Kiafar F, Nokhodchi A. Development of azithromycin–PLGA nanoparticles: Physicochemical characterization and antibacterial effect against Salmonella typhi. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2010; 80:34-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2010.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2010] [Revised: 05/04/2010] [Accepted: 05/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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67
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Development of novel nanoparticles shelled with heparin for berberine delivery to treat Helicobacter pylori. Acta Biomater 2010. [PMID: 20813208 DOI: org/10.1016/j.actbio.2010.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Various approaches have been proposed to overcome the unpleasant side-effects associated with antibiotic treatment for Helicobacter pylori. The limited effectiveness of such approaches has forced researchers to consider alternative strategies to eliminate H. pylori infection. The plant alkaloid berberine is known to significantly reduce proliferation of H. pylori. To localize berberine to the site of H. pylori infection, this study developed a novel nanoparticle berberine carrier with a heparin shell. Analysis of a simulated gastrointestinal medium indicated that the proposed in vitro drug carrier system effectively controlled the release of berberine, which interacted specifically with the intercellular space at the site of H. pylori infection. Furthermore, the prepared nanoparticles significantly increased the suppressive effect of berberine on H. pylori growth while efficiently reducing cytotoxic effects in H. pylori-infected cells.
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68
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Yadav KS, Sawant KK. Modified nanoprecipitation method for preparation of cytarabine-loaded PLGA nanoparticles. AAPS PharmSciTech 2010; 11:1456-65. [PMID: 20842542 PMCID: PMC2974135 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-010-9519-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2009] [Accepted: 08/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The present investigation was aimed at developing cytarabine-loaded poly(lactide-coglycolide) (PLGA)-based biodegradable nanoparticles by a modified nanoprecipitation which would have sustained release of the drug. Nine batches were prepared as per 3(2) factorial design to optimize volume of the co-solvent (0.22-0.37 ml) and volume of non-solvent (1.7-3.0 ml). A second 3(2) factorial design was used for optimization of drug: polymer ratio (1:5) and stirring time (30 min) based on the two responses, mean particle size (125 ± 2.5 nm), and percentage entrapment efficiency (21.8 ± 2.0%) of the Cyt-PLGA nanoparticles. Optimized formulation showed a zeta potential of -29.7 mV indicating good stability; 50% w/w of sucrose in Cyt-PLGA NP was added successfully as cryoprotectant during lyophilization for freeze-dried NPs and showed good dispersibility with minimum increase in their mean particle sizes. The DSC thermograms concluded that in the prepared PLGA NP, the drug was present in the amorphous phase and may have been homogeneously dispersed in the PLGA matrix. In vitro drug release from the pure drug was complete within 2 h, but was sustained up to 24 h from PLGA nanoparticles with Fickian diffusion. Stability studies showed that the developed PLGA NPs should be stored in the freeze-dried state at 2-8°C where they would remain stable in terms of both mean particle size and drug content for 2 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khushwant S. Yadav
- />Pharmacy Department, TIFAC-Centre of Relevance and Excellence in NDDS, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Fatehgunj, Vadodara, 390002 Gujarat India
| | - Krutika K. Sawant
- />Pharmacy Department, TIFAC-Centre of Relevance and Excellence in NDDS, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Fatehgunj, Vadodara, 390002 Gujarat India
- />Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Technology and Engineering, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Kalabhavan, Vadodara, 390001 Gujarat India
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69
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Fine-tuning of functional poly(methylmethacrylate) nanoparticle size at the sub-100nm scale using surfactant-free emulsion polymerization. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2010.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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70
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Teixeira Z, Zanchetta B, Melo BAG, Oliveira LL, Santana MHA, Paredes-Gamero EJ, Justo GZ, Nader HB, Guterres SS, Durán N. Retinyl palmitate flexible polymeric nanocapsules: characterization and permeation studies. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2010; 81:374-80. [PMID: 20655183 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2010.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2010] [Revised: 04/09/2010] [Accepted: 06/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Polymeric nanocapsules with elastic characteristics were prepared by the pre-formed polymer interfacial deposition method. The system consists of an oily core of retinyl palmitate with Span 60 and a polymeric wall of poly(D,L-lactide) (PLA). A narrow size distribution (215 nm, P.D.I. 0.10) was showed by dynamic light scattering (DLS) analyses. Particle deformability was observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images and permeation of the particles through two superposed membranes of smaller pore diameters. Permeation studies were achieved using plastic surgery abdominal human skin by Franz diffusion cell. Retinyl palmitate permeates into deep skin layers. Besides, a PLA fluorescent derivative conjugated with Nile blue dye by an amide covalent bound was additionally obtained. Permeation profile of the nanocapsules with the fluorescent polymer was evaluated by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The CLSM showed that nanocapsules were distributed uniformly, suggesting that the permeation mechanism through skin is intercellular. Thus, the use of these nanocapsules may be a feasible strategy to enhance the permeation of actives into the skin when delivery to deep layers is aimed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaine Teixeira
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, PO Box 6154, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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71
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Choubey J, Bajpai AK. Investigation on magnetically controlled delivery of doxorubicin from superparamagnetic nanocarriers of gelatin crosslinked with genipin. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2010; 21:1573-1586. [PMID: 20135205 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-010-3997-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2009] [Accepted: 01/08/2010] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Gelatin (Type B) nanoparticles were prepared by a single W/O emulsion technique and characterized by infrared (IR) spectra, transmission electron micrographs (TEM), surface potential measurements and magnetization studies. Whereas the IR spectra clearly confirmed the presence of gelatin, genipin and doxorubicin in the loaded nanoparticles, the transmission electron micrographs (TEM) image depicts smooth surface, spherical shape and non-uniform size of nanoparticles (up to 100 nm). The prepared nanoparticles were loaded with doxorubicin, a well known anticancer drug, and in vitro release dynamics of entrapped drug was investigated as a function of various experimental factors such as percent loading of the drug, chemical architecture of the nanocarriers, and pH, temperature, ionic strength and nature of the release medium in presence and absence of magnetic field. The nanoparticles were also studied for their water sorption capacity. The drug release process was analyzed kinetically using Ficks power law and a correlation was established between the quantity of released drug and swelling of the nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Choubey
- Bose Memorial Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Government Autonomous Science College, Jabalpur, 482 001, India
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72
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Camli ST, Buyukserin F, Balci O, Budak GG. Size controlled synthesis of sub-100nm monodisperse poly(methylmethacrylate) nanoparticles using surfactant-free emulsion polymerization. J Colloid Interface Sci 2010; 344:528-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2010.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2009] [Revised: 01/12/2010] [Accepted: 01/13/2010] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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73
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Igličar P, Legen I, Vilfan G, Selič L, Preželj A. Permeability of a novel β-lactamase inhibitor LK-157 and its ester prodrugs across rat jejunum in vitro. J Pharm Pharmacol 2010. [DOI: 10.1211/jpp.61.09.0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
LK-157 is a novel 10-ethylidene tricyclic carbapenem that resembles the structure of the broad-spectrum antibiotic sanfetrinem and acts as a potent inactivator of β-lactamases of classes A, C and D. LK-157 is a highly soluble but poorly permeable drug. Since most of the β-lactams are poorly absorbed, ester prodrugs LK-159, LK-157E1 and LK-157E2 were designed to enhance membrane permeability. This study investigated the permeability of LK-157 and the three ester prodrugs across rat intestine in vitro. The morpholinoethyl ester of sanfetrinem was also investigated.
Method
Permeability across rat jejunum was determined using EasyMount side-by-side diffusion chambers.
Key findings
The solubility and permeability of morpholinoethyl ester LK-157E2 were superior to those of LK-159 and LK-157E1. The morpholinoethyl ester of sanfetrinem LK-176E1 had the highest observed permeability coefficient and consequently the highest predicted absorption in humans.
Conclusions
These results suggest that the morpholinoethyl esters of LK-157 and sanfetrinem could be further investigated to assess bioavailability in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Igor Legen
- Lek Pharmaceuticals d.d., Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Lovro Selič
- Lek Pharmaceuticals d.d., Ljubljana, Slovenia
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74
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Zvonar A, Kristl J, Kerc J, Grabnar PA. High celecoxib-loaded nanoparticles prepared by a vibrating nozzle device. J Microencapsul 2010; 26:748-59. [PMID: 19888883 DOI: 10.3109/02652040802584402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Drug delivery research has resulted in the availability of several enabling technologies for formulating poorly water-soluble compounds. In this study the vibrating nozzle device, originally used for encapsulation of drugs, cells and microorganisms, has been used to formulate nanoparticles (NP) with high loading capacity. Celecoxib was incorporated in NP of polylactic acid (PLA) and poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) and the influence of polymers, initial drug : polymer ratio and stabilizer concentration on NP size and surface properties, entrapment efficiency, drug loading and in vitro release profile were investigated. NP were in the size range of 230-270 nm, with a polydispersity index less than 0.25 and a spherical shape. The highest celecoxib loading (13% w/w) was obtained at initial ratio celecoxib : Resomer RG 502 (PLA/PGA = 50/50) of 1 : 5 and 0.1% w/w polyvinyl alcohol concentration. Thermal analysis and X-ray diffraction suggested that celecoxib was amorphous or molecularly dispersed in the polymeric matrix. The release profile exhibited an initial burst followed by sustained release. The freeze-dried NP could be completely dispersed on addition of lyoprotectants. The production of NP by the vibrating nozzle device is highly reproducible, time saving, can be performed under aseptic conditions and offers the possibility of scale-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alenka Zvonar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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75
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Helle A, Hirsjärvi S, Peltonen L, Hirvonen J, Wiedmer SK, Hyötyläinen T. Novel, dynamic on-line analytical separation system for dissolution of drugs from poly(lactic acid) nanoparticles. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2010; 51:125-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2009.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2009] [Revised: 08/17/2009] [Accepted: 08/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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76
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Chen MC, Wong HS, Lin KJ, Chen HL, Wey SP, Sonaje K, Lin YH, Chu CY, Sung HW. The characteristics, biodistribution and bioavailability of a chitosan-based nanoparticulate system for the oral delivery of heparin. Biomaterials 2009; 30:6629-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2009.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2009] [Accepted: 08/09/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Gupta H, Aqil M, Khar RK, Ali A, Bhatnagar A, Mittal G. Sparfloxacin-loaded PLGA nanoparticles for sustained ocular drug delivery. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2009; 6:324-33. [PMID: 19857606 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2009.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2009] [Revised: 10/02/2009] [Accepted: 10/08/2009] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Poor ocular bioavailability of drugs (<1%) from conventional eye drops (ie, solution, suspension, and ointments) is mainly due to the physiologic barriers of the eye. In general, ocular efficacy is closely related to ocular drug bioavailability, which may be enhanced by increasing corneal drug penetration and prolonging precorneal drug residence time. In our current work, we develop and evaluate a new colloidal system, that is, poly(dl-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles for sparfloxacin ophthalmic delivery, to improve precorneal residence time and ocular penetration. Nanoparticles were prepared by nanoprecipitation technique and characterized for various properties such as particle size, zeta potential, in vitro drug release, statistical model fitting, stability, and so forth. Microbiological assay was carried out against Pseudomonas aeruginosa using the cup-plate method. Precorneal residence time was studied in albino rabbits by gamma scintigraphy after radiolabeling of sparfloxacin by Tc-99m. Ocular tolerance of the developed nanosuspension was also studied by the Hen Egg Test-Chorioallantoic Membrane (HET-CAM) method. The developed nanosuspension showed a mean particle size in the range of 180 to 190 nm, suitable for ophthalmic application with zeta potential of -22 mV. In vitro release from the developed nanosuspension showed an extended release profile of sparfloxacin according to the Peppas model. Acquired gamma camera images showed good retention over the entire precorneal area for the developed nanosuspension compared with that of a marketed formulation. The marketed drug formulation cleared very rapidly from the corneal region and reached the systemic circulation through the nasolacrimal drainage system, as significant radioactivity was recorded in kidney and bladder after 6 hours of ocular administration, whereas the developed nanosuspension cleared at a very slow rate (P < .05) and remained at the corneal surface for longer duration, as no radioactivity was observed in the systemic circulation. HET-CAM assay with 0 score in 8 hours indicates the nonirritant property of the developed nanosuspension. The developed lyophilized nanosuspension was found to be stable for a longer duration of time than the conventional marketed formulation with a good shelf life. FROM THE CLINICAL EDITOR Poor ocular bioavailability of drugs (<1%) from conventional eye drops is mainly due to the eye physiological barriers. In this study, a new colloidal system, PLGA nanoparticle for sparfloxacin ophthalmic delivery was demonstrated to improve precorneal residence time and ocular penetration. The developed lyophilized nanosuspension was found to be stable for longer duration of time than conventional marketed formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himanshu Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
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78
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Araújo J, Vega E, Lopes C, Egea M, Garcia M, Souto E. Effect of polymer viscosity on physicochemical properties and ocular tolerance of FB-loaded PLGA nanospheres. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2009; 72:48-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2009.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2008] [Revised: 02/18/2009] [Accepted: 03/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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79
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Wahl B, Wahl B, Daum N, Ohrem HL, Lehr CM. Novel luminescence assay offers new possibilities for the risk assessment of silica nanoparticles. Nanotoxicology 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/17435390802513204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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80
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Delivery of peptide and protein drugs over the blood-brain barrier. Prog Neurobiol 2009; 87:212-51. [PMID: 19395337 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2008.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2007] [Revised: 11/11/2008] [Accepted: 12/17/2008] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Peptide and protein (P/P) drugs have been identified as showing great promises for the treatment of various neurodegenerative diseases. A major challenge in this regard, however, is the delivery of P/P drugs over the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Intense research over the last 25 years has enabled a better understanding of the cellular and molecular transport mechanisms at the BBB, and several strategies for enhanced P/P drug delivery over the BBB have been developed and tested in preclinical and clinical-experimental research. Among them, technology-based approaches (comprising functionalized nanocarriers and liposomes) and pharmacological strategies (such as the use of carrier systems and chimeric peptide technology) appear to be the most promising ones. This review combines a comprehensive overview on the current understanding of the transport mechanisms at the BBB with promising selected strategies published so far that can be applied to facilitate enhanced P/P drug delivery over the BBB.
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Vega E, Gamisans F, García M, Chauvet A, Lacoulonche F, Egea M. PLGA nanospheres for the ocular delivery of flurbiprofen: Drug release and interactions. J Pharm Sci 2008; 97:5306-17. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.21383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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83
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Agnihotri SM, Vavia PR. Diclofenac-loaded biopolymeric nanosuspensions for ophthalmic application. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2008; 5:90-5. [PMID: 18823824 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2008.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2008] [Revised: 07/15/2008] [Accepted: 07/21/2008] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Polymeric nanoparticle suspensions (NS) were prepared from poly(lactide-co-glycolide) and poly(lactide-co-glycolide-leucine) {poly[Lac(Glc-Leu)]} biodegradable polymers and loaded with diclofenac sodium (DS), with the aim of improving the ocular availability of the drug. NS were prepared by emulsion and solvent evaporation technique and characterized on the basis of physicochemical properties, stability, and drug release features. The nanoparticle system showed an interesting size distribution suitable for ophthalmic application. Stability tests (as long as 6 months' storage at 5 degrees C or at 25 degrees C/60% relative humidity) or freeze-drying were carried out to optimize a suitable pharmaceutical preparation. In vitro release tests showed a extended-release profile of DS from the nanoparticles. To verify the absence of irritation toward the ocular structures, blank NS were applied to rabbit eye and a modified Draize test performed. Polymer nanoparticles seemed to be devoid of any irritant effect on cornea, iris, and conjunctiva for as long as 24 hours after application, thus apparently a suitable inert carrier for ophthalmic drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagar M Agnihotri
- Pharmaceutical Division, Institute of Chemical Technology, University of Mumbai, Matunga, Mumbai, India.
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84
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Koga H, Yang H, Adler J, Zimmermann EM, Teitelbaum DH. Transanal delivery of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor prevents colonic fibrosis in a mouse colitis model: development of a unique mode of treatment. Surgery 2008; 144:259-68. [PMID: 18656634 DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2008.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2008] [Accepted: 03/29/2008] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have previously shown that angiotensin converting enzyme-inhibitor (ACE-I) improved colonic inflammation and apoptosis in a dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis model. This study attempted to determine whether ACE-I could prevent the development of colonic fibrosis. METHODS Colitis was induced in C57BL/6 mice with 2.5% DSS water for 7 days, followed by 7 days without DSS (fibrosis development). Study groups: Control (naive or non-treated), DSS+Placebo (polyethylene glycol (PEG), and DSS+ACE-I (using enalaprilat and PEG which are not absorbed through intact mucosa). Placebo and ACE-I were delivered daily via transanal route. Colonic mucosal fibrosis and inflammation were evaluated based on histological findings and cytokine expression. RESULTS Transanal administration of ACE-I/PEG dose-dependently decreased the severity of fibrosis and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression. We next investigated if ACE-I acted on the TGF-beta/Smad signaling pathway as a mechanism of this anti-fibrosis action. Results showed a significant down-regulation of TGF-beta1 expression; as well, downstream signaling of the Smad family, known to mediate fibrosis, showed a decline in Smad 3 and 4 expression with ACE-I/PEG. CONCLUSION ACE-I/PEG is effective in preventing colonic fibrosis and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in a DSS colitis model, most likely by down-regulating the TGF-beta signaling pathway. ACE-I/PEG may be a potential new option for treating inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Koga
- Section of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-0245, USA
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85
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Kaur IP, Bhandari R, Bhandari S, Kakkar V. Potential of solid lipid nanoparticles in brain targeting. J Control Release 2008; 127:97-109. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2007.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 407] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2007] [Accepted: 12/17/2007] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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86
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Quantitative determination of drug encapsulation in poly(lactic acid) nanoparticles by capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1178:248-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2007] [Revised: 11/12/2007] [Accepted: 11/14/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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87
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Gaumet M, Vargas A, Gurny R, Delie F. Nanoparticles for drug delivery: the need for precision in reporting particle size parameters. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2007; 69:1-9. [PMID: 17826969 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2007.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 682] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2007] [Revised: 07/20/2007] [Accepted: 08/01/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Polymeric drug-loaded nanoparticles have been extensively studied in the field of drug delivery. Biodistribution depends on the physicochemical properties of particles, especially size. The global message from the literature is that small particles have an enhanced ability to reach their target. The present review highlights the difficulties in validating the data from biodistribution studies without accurate particle size determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Gaumet
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
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88
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Weiss B, Schneider M, Muys L, Taetz S, Neumann D, Schaefer UF, Lehr CM. Coupling of biotin-(poly(ethylene glycol))amine to poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles for versatile surface modification. Bioconjug Chem 2007; 18:1087-94. [PMID: 17590034 DOI: 10.1021/bc060342f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Generally, polymeric nanoparticles (NP) for drug targeting are designed to entrap the drug moiety in the core and to present the targeting moiety on the surface. However, in most cases, common preparation techniques of polymeric NP need to be specifically arranged for each compound to be entrapped or attached. In the present work, we introduce a method for versatile conjugation of targeting moieties to the surface of preformed, polymeric NP. Moreover, due to taking advantage of biotin-avidin interactions, our regime opens the additional possibility of a rapid fluorescence labeling of NP. Poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) NP in the size of 210 nm were prepared by the classic oil-in-water method. Such NP were functionalized with biotin-(poly(ethylene glycol))amine (BPEG) by means of cyanuric chloride chemistry. The amount of surface-associated biotin was 850 pmol per milligram of polymer, corresponding to roughly 2650 molecules of biotin per NP. When drawn to scale, such surface coating appeared to be well-suited for subsequent binding of avidin or avidin-linked ligands. By resonant mirror measurements, we could prove specific binding of biotinylated NP to a NeutrAvidin (NAv)-coated surface. Furthermore, after coupling of NAv-linked fluorescence dyes to BPEG-functionalized NP, differences in binding and uptake could be demonstrated using two epithelial cell lines (Caco-2, A549).
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Weiss
- Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Center for Bioinformatics, Saarland University, Saarbruecken, Germany
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89
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Cao Z, Chen X, Yao J, Huang L, Shao Z. The preparation of regenerated silk fibroin microspheres. SOFT MATTER 2007; 3:910-915. [PMID: 32900086 DOI: 10.1039/b703139d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the present study is to investigate the possibility of preparing pure protein microspheres from regenerated silk fibroin (RSF). It is found that RSF microspheres, with predictable and controllable sizes ranging from 0.2 to 1.5 µm, can be prepared mild self-assembling of silk fibroin molecular chains. The merits of this novel method include a rather simple production apparatus and no potentially toxic agents, such as surfactants, initiators, cross-linking agents, The results show that the particle size and size distribution of RSF microspheres are greatly affected by the amount of ethanol additive, the freezing temperature and the concentration of silk fibroin. Finally, the mechanism of RSF microspheres formation is also discussed based on our experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengbing Cao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers of Ministry of Education, Department of Macromolecular Science, Advanced Materials Laboratory, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers of Ministry of Education, Department of Macromolecular Science, Advanced Materials Laboratory, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jinrong Yao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers of Ministry of Education, Department of Macromolecular Science, Advanced Materials Laboratory, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers of Ministry of Education, Department of Macromolecular Science, Advanced Materials Laboratory, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhengzhong Shao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers of Ministry of Education, Department of Macromolecular Science, Advanced Materials Laboratory, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China.
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90
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El Bahri Z, Taverdet JL. Elaboration and characterisation of microparticles loaded by pesticide model. POWDER TECHNOL 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2006.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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91
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Vega E, Egea MA, Valls O, Espina M, García ML. Flurbiprofen loaded biodegradable nanoparticles for ophtalmic administration. J Pharm Sci 2007; 95:2393-405. [PMID: 16886193 DOI: 10.1002/jps.20685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Poly(lactic/glycolic) acid nanoparticles incorporating flurbiprofen (FB) were prepared by the solvent displacement technique using poloxamer 188 as a stabilizer to improve the availability of the drug for the prevention of the inflammation caused by ocular surgery. A 2(3) + star design was applied to investigate the influence of several factors such as the pH of the aqueous phase, the initial concentration of the stabilizer, and the drug used to prepare the nanoparticles (NPs) on the physicochemical properties (particle size analysis, zeta potential, and drug loading efficiency) of the colloidal system. The best formulations were those prepared at pH 3.5 with a concentration of 1.5 mg/mL of FB and 10 or 20 mg/mL of poloxamer 188. These formulations showed an appropriate average size for ophthalmic administration (232.8 and 277.6 nm, respectively) and a good yield of entrapment efficiency (94.60% and 93.55%, respectively). The release behavior of FB from the developed NPs was complete and exhibited a biphasic pattern. Formulations did not show toxicity on ocular tissues. In vivo anti-inflammatory efficacy was assessed in the rabbit eye after topical instillation of sodium arachidonate (SA). A higher decrease of the SA-induced inflammation was obtained for the NP formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Vega
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Avda. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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92
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Zhang N, Ping Q, Huang G, Xu W, Cheng Y, Han X. Lectin-modified solid lipid nanoparticles as carriers for oral administration of insulin. Int J Pharm 2006; 327:153-9. [PMID: 16935443 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2006.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2006] [Revised: 06/14/2006] [Accepted: 07/17/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to design and characterize lectin-modified solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) containing insulin and to evaluate the potential of the lectin-modified colloidal carriers for oral administration of peptide and protein drugs. SLNs were prepared by three different methods. For comparison, some insulin-loaded SLNs were modified with wheat germ agglutinin-N-glutaryl-phosphatidylethanolamine (WGA-N-glut-PE). The particle size, zeta potential and entrapment efficiency of insulin-loaded SLNs were determined. Insulin-loaded SLNs prepared by an appropriate modification of the double dispersion method yielded the highest drug entrapment efficiency, which was more than 60%. In vivo experiments were carried out using insulin-loaded SLNs and WGA-modified SLNs prepared by this method. SLNs and WGA-modified SLNs protected insulin against degradation by digestive enzymes in vitro. The stabilizing effect of WGA-modified SLNs was greater than that observed in SLNs. After oral administration of insulin-loaded SLNs or WGA-modified SLNs to rats, the relative pharmacological bioavailabilities were 4.46% and 6.08%, and the relative bioavailabilities were 4.99% and 7.11%, respectively, in comparison to subcutaneous injection of insulin. These results demonstrated that SLNs and WGA-modified SLNs promoted the oral absorption of insulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Zhang
- The Pharmaceutical College, Shandong University, 44 Wen hua Xi Lu, Ji'nan, Shandong Province, China
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93
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Astete CE, Sabliov CM. Synthesis and characterization of PLGA nanoparticles. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2006; 17:247-89. [PMID: 16689015 DOI: 10.1163/156856206775997322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 479] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles of different physical characteristics (size, size distribution, morphology, zeta potential) can be synthesized by controlling the parameters specific to the synthesis method employed. The aim of this review is to clearly, quantitatively and comprehensively describe the top-down synthesis techniques available for PLGA nanoparticle formation, as well as the techniques commonly used for nanoparticle characterization. Many examples are discussed in detail to provide the reader with an extensive knowledge base on the important parameters specific to the synthesis method described and ways in which these parameters can be manipulated to control the nanoparticle physical characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos E Astete
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge 70803, USA
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94
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Dou H, Destache CJ, Morehead JR, Mosley RL, Boska MD, Kingsley J, Gorantla S, Poluektova L, Nelson JA, Chaubal M, Werling J, Kipp J, Rabinow BE, Gendelman HE. Development of a macrophage-based nanoparticle platform for antiretroviral drug delivery. Blood 2006; 108:2827-35. [PMID: 16809617 PMCID: PMC1895582 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2006-03-012534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Complex dosing regimens, costs, side effects, biodistribution limitations, and variable drug pharmacokinetic patterns have affected the long-term efficacy of antiretroviral medicines. To address these problems, a nanoparticle indinavir (NP-IDV) formulation packaged into carrier bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) was developed. Drug distribution and disease outcomes were assessed in immune-competent and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected humanized immune-deficient mice, respectively. In the former, NP-IDV formulation contained within BMMs was adoptively transferred. After a single administration, single-photon emission computed tomography, histology, and reverse-phase-high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) demonstrated robust lung, liver, and spleen BMMs and drug distribution. Tissue and sera IDV levels were greater than or equal to 50 microM for 2 weeks. NP-IDV-BMMs administered to HIV-1-challenged humanized mice revealed reduced numbers of virus-infected cells in plasma, lymph nodes, spleen, liver, and lung, as well as, CD4(+) T-cell protection. We conclude that a single dose of NP-IDV, using BMMs as a carrier, is effective and warrants consideration for human testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanyu Dou
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, Center for Neurovirology and Neurodegenerative Disorder, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985880 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880, USA
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95
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Bolourtchian N, Karimi K, Aboofazeli R. Preparation and characterization of ibuprofen microspheres. J Microencapsul 2006; 22:529-38. [PMID: 16361196 DOI: 10.1080/02652040500161941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Ibuprofen was microencapsulated with Eudragit RS using an o/w emulsion solvent evaporation technique. The effects of three formulation variables including the drug:polymer ratio, emulsifier (polyvinyl alcohol) concentration and organic solvent (chloroform) volume on the entrapment efficiency and microspheres size distribution were examined. The drug release rate from prepared microspheres and the release kinetics were also studied. The results demonstrated that microspheres with good range of particle size can be prepared, depending on the formulation components. The drug:polymer ratio had a considerable effect on the entrapment efficiency. However, particle size distribution of microspheres was more dependent on the volume of chloroform and polyvinyl alcohol concentration rather than the drug:polymer ratio. The drug release pattern showed a burst effect for all prepared microspheres due to the presence of uncovered drug crystals on the surface. It was shown that the release profiles of all formulations showed good correlation with the Higuchi model of release.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Bolourtchian
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Tehran, Iran.
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96
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Pandey R, Ahmad Z, Sharma S, Khuller GK. Nano-encapsulation of azole antifungals: potential applications to improve oral drug delivery. Int J Pharm 2006; 301:268-76. [PMID: 16023808 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2005.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2004] [Revised: 05/03/2005] [Accepted: 05/10/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The present study was designed to improve the oral bioavailability of two clinically important antifungal drugs-clotrimazole and econazole. Each drug was encapsulated in nanoparticles of a synthetic polymer (polylactide-co-glycolide, PLG) or a natural polymer (alginate stabilized with chitosan). The nanoparticles were prepared by the emulsion-solvent-evaporation technique in case of PLG and by the cation-induced controlled gelification in case of alginate. Drug encapsulation efficiency was better (>90%) for the alginate formulation compared with the PLG formulation (nearly 50%). The formulations were orally administered to mice and the drugs were analyzed in plasma by a validated HPLC technique. The biodistribution/pharmacokinetic data suggested that there was a controlled drug release for 5-6 days with each of the formulations, compared with unencapsulated drugs, which were cleared within 3-4 h of oral/intravenous administration. There was a striking improvement in the relative and absolute bioavailability of each drug. Further, the drugs were detected in the tissues (lungs, liver and spleen) till 6-8 days in case of nanoparticles whereas free drugs were cleared by 12 h. Overall, the alginate formulation appeared to be better than the PLG formulation. The results emphasize the power of nanotechnology to make the concept of enhancement in oral bioavailability of azole antifungal drugs come to reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Pandey
- Department of Biochemistry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160 012, India
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97
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Pillay V, Sibanda W, Danckwerts MP. Sequential design of a novel PVA-based crosslinked ethylenic homopolymer for extended drug delivery. Int J Pharm 2005; 301:89-101. [PMID: 16023807 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2005.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2004] [Revised: 04/21/2005] [Accepted: 05/10/2005] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A Box-Behnken Design was employed to study the influence of boric acid, sodium sulfate, ammonia and n-propanol in the formulation of crosslinked ethylenic homopolymeric (CEH) gelispheres from native polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). The dependent variables studied included the size of the spherical gelispheres, drug encapsulation efficiency, in vitro dissolution after 30 min and textural parameters, namely fracture force and matrix rupture energy. Based on these responses, an optimized CEH gelisphere matrix was formulated and thereafter incorporated as a powder into a candidate crosslinked zinc-pectinate multiple-unit device to assess its effect on modifying drug release. In the case of the CEH-loaded zinc-pectinate gelispheres, it was determined via constrained optimization that a maximum drug encapsulation efficiency of 28.63% could be obtained under the conditions of 0% (w/v) CEH, 13 h of crosslinking and drying temperature of 60 degrees C. On the other hand, initial drug release could be significantly retarded when 0.10% (w/v) of CEH was included in the formulation and crosslinked for 24 h at 40 degrees C. In this regard, CEH induced a 4 h lag phase. Furthermore, zero-order drug release was produced and could be maintained over several weeks. Kinetic analysis of drug release further supported that CEH inhibits polymer relaxation (k2<<k1), and hence slows down drug diffusion. Based on these results, the CEH-zinc-pectinate drug delivery system appears to be a suitable carrier that may be employed for long-term administration for, e.g. via subcutaneous implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viness Pillay
- University of the Witwatersrand, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193 Gauteng, South Africa.
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98
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Elvira C, Fanovich A, Fernández M, Fraile J, San Román J, Domingo C. Evaluation of drug delivery characteristics of microspheres of PMMA-PCL-cholesterol obtained by supercritical-CO2 impregnation and by dissolution-evaporation techniques. J Control Release 2005; 99:231-40. [PMID: 15380633 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2004.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2004] [Accepted: 06/30/2004] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Poly(methyl methacrylate), PMMA, and of PMMA/Poly(epsilon-caprolactone), PCL, microspheres were loaded with different amounts of cholesterol by using a supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) impregnation process in order to use a clean technique with the absence of organic solvents, and to provide information for the infusion of additives into nonporous polymeric substrates. A conventional dissolution-evaporation method was also used to obtain PMMA and PMMA-PCL microparticles loaded with cholesterol. The obtained microspheres were characterized by environmental scanning electronic microscope, ESEM, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, NMR, and differential scanning calorimetry, DSC, thermal analysis. A comparison of drug release from particles obtained using both methods, the supercritical and the conventional, is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Elvira
- Departamento de Química Macromolecular, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, CSIC, c/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
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Teixeira M, Alonso MJ, Pinto MMM, Barbosa CM. Development and characterization of PLGA nanospheres and nanocapsules containing xanthone and 3-methoxyxanthone. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2005; 59:491-500. [PMID: 15760730 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2004.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2004] [Revised: 09/01/2004] [Accepted: 09/03/2004] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present work was to develop and characterize two different nanosystems, nanospheres and nanocapsules, containing either xanthone (XAN) or 3-methoxyxanthone (3-MeOXAN), with the final goal of improving the delivery of these poorly water-soluble compounds. The xanthones-loaded nanospheres (nanomatrix systems) and nanocapsules (nanoreservoir systems), made of poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA), were prepared by the solvent displacement technique. The following characteristics of nanoparticle formulations were determined: particle size and morphology, zeta potential, incorporation efficiency, thermal behaviour, in vitro release profiles and physical stability at 4 degrees C. The nanospheres had a mean diameter <170 nm, a narrow size distribution (polydispersity index <0.1), and a negative surface charge (zeta potential <-36 mV). Their incorporation efficiencies were 33% for XAN and 42% for 3-MeOXAN. The presence of the xanthones did not affect the nanospheres size and zeta potential. DSC studies indicated that XAN and 3-MeOXAN were dispersed at a molecular level within the polymeric nanomatrix. Nanocapsules were also nanometric (mean size <300 nm) and exhibited a negative charge (zeta potential <-36 mV). Their incorporation efficiency values (>77%) were higher than those corresponding to nanospheres for both xanthones. The release of 3-MeOXAN from nanocapsules was similar to that observed for the correspondent nanoemulsion, indicating that drug release is mainly governed by its partition between the oil core and the external aqueous medium. In contrast, the release of XAN from nanocapsules was significantly slower than from the nanoemulsion, a behaviour that suggests an interaction of the drug with the polymer. Nanocapsule formulations exhibited good physical stability at 4 degrees C during a 4-month period for XAN and during a 3-month period for 3-MeOXAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maribel Teixeira
- Centro de Estudos de Química Orgânica, Fitoquímica e Farmacologia da Universidade do Porto-Faculdade de Farmácia do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Abstract
Nanoparticle drug carriers consist of solid biodegradable particles in size ranging from 10 to 1000 nm (50-300 nm generally). They cannot freely diffuse through the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and require receptor-mediated transport through brain capillary endothelium to deliver their content into the brain parenchyma. Polysorbate 80-coated polybutylcyanoacrylate nanoparticles can deliver drugs to the brain by a still debated mechanism. Despite interesting results these nanoparticles have limitations, discussed in this review, that may preclude, or at least limit, their potential clinical applications. Long-circulating nanoparticles made of methoxypoly(ethylene glycol)- polylactide or poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (mPEG-PLA/PLGA) have a good safety profiles and provide drug-sustained release. The availability of functionalized PEG-PLA permits to prepare target-specific nanoparticles by conjugation of cell surface ligand. Using peptidomimetic antibodies to BBB transcytosis receptor, brain-targeted pegylated immunonanoparticles can now be synthesized that should make possible the delivery of entrapped actives into the brain parenchyma without inducing BBB permeability alteration. This review presents their general properties (structure, loading capacity, pharmacokinetics) and currently available methods for immunonanoparticle preparation.
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