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Akhtar M, Maikiyo AM, Khanam R, Mujeeb M, Aqil M, Najmi AK. Ameliorating effects of two extracts of Nigella sativa in middle cerebral artery occluded rat. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2013; 4:70-5. [PMID: 22368403 PMCID: PMC3283961 DOI: 10.4103/0975-7406.92740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2011] [Revised: 09/13/2011] [Accepted: 09/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts of Nigella sativa (400 mg/kg, orally) for 7 days were administered and evaluated for their neuroprotective effects on middle cerebral artery occluded (MCAO) rats. Materials and Methods: Cerebral ischemia was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion for 2 h followed by reperfusion for 22 h. After 24 h of ischemia, grip strength, locomotor activity tests were performed in the surgically operated animals. After behavioral tests, animals were immediately sacrificed. Infarct volumes followed by the estimation of markers of oxidative stress in the brains were measured. Results: Locomotor activity and grip strength of animals were improved in both aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts pretreated rats. Infarct volume was also reduced in both extracts pretreated rats as compared with MCAO rats. An elevation of thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) and a reduction in glutathione and antioxidant enzymes, viz., superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase levels were observed following MCAO. Pretreatment of Nigella sativa extracts showed the reduction in TBARS, elevation in glutathione, SOD and catalase levels as compared with MCAO rats. Conclusion: The present study observed the neuroprotective effects of both the extracts of Nigella sativa in cerebral ischemia. The neuroprotective effects could be due to its antioxidant, free radical scavenging, and anti-inflammatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Akhtar
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
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Abdelwahab SI, Sheikh BY, Taha MME, How CW, Abdullah R, Yagoub U, El-Sunousi R, Eid EEM. Thymoquinone-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers: preparation, gastroprotection, in vitro toxicity, and pharmacokinetic properties after extravascular administration. Int J Nanomedicine 2013; 8:2163-72. [PMID: 23818776 PMCID: PMC3692342 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s44108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs), composed of solid and liquid lipids, and surfactants are potentially good colloidal drug carriers. Thymoquinone is the main bioactive compound of Nigella sativa. In this study, the preparation, gastroprotective effects, and pharmacokinetic (PK) properties of thymoquinone (TQ)-loaded NLCs (TQNLCs) were evaluated. Method TQNLCs were prepared using hydrogenated palm oil (Softisan® 154), olive oil, and phosphatidylcholine for the lipid phase and sorbitol, polysorbate 80, thimerosal, and double distilled water for the liquid lipid material. A morphological assessment of TQNLCs was performed using various methods. Analysis of the ulcer index, hydrogen concentration, mucus content, and biochemical and histochemical studies confirmed that the loading of TQ into the NLCs significantly improved the gastroprotective activity of this natural compound against the formation of ethanol-induced ulcers. The safety of TQNLC was tested on WRL68 liver normal cells with cisplatin as a positive control. Results The average diameter of the TQNLCs was 75 ± 2.4 nm. The particles had negative zeta potential values of −31 ± 0.1 mV and a single melting peak of 55.85°C. Immunohistochemical methods revealed that TQNLCs inhibited the formation of ethanol-induced ulcers through the modulation of heat shock protein-70 (Hsp70). Acute hepatotoxic effects of the TQNLCs were not observed in rats or normal human liver cells (WRL-68). After validation, PK studies in rabbits showed that the PK properties of TQ were improved and indicated that the drug behaves linearly. The Tmax, Cmax, and elimination half-life of TQ were found to be 3.96 ± 0.19 hours, 4811.33 ± 55.52 ng/mL, and 4.4933 ± 0.015 hours, respectively, indicating that TQ is suitable for extravascular administration. Conclusion NLCs could be a promising vehicle for the oral delivery of TQ and improve its gastroprotective properties.
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Ahmad S, Beg ZH. Hypolipidemic and antioxidant activities of thymoquinone and limonene in atherogenic suspension fed rats. Food Chem 2013; 138:1116-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.11.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2012] [Revised: 10/09/2012] [Accepted: 11/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Liu X, Park JH, Abd El-Aty AM, Assayed ME, Shimoda M, Shim JH. Isolation of volatiles fromNigella sativaseeds using microwave-assisted extraction: effect of whole extracts on canine and murine CYP1A. Biomed Chromatogr 2013; 27:938-45. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.2887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2012] [Revised: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Food Colloids and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering; Jiangnan University; 1800 Lihu Avenue Wuxi 214122 China
- Natural Products Chemistry Laboratory, Biotechnology Research Institute; Chonnam National University; 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu Gwangju 500-757 Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hyouk Park
- Natural Products Chemistry Laboratory, Biotechnology Research Institute; Chonnam National University; 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu Gwangju 500-757 Republic of Korea
| | - A. M. Abd El-Aty
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Cairo University; 12211 Giza Egypt
| | - M. E. Assayed
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Menoufiya University; Sadat City Branch Egypt
| | - Minoru Shimoda
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture; Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology; 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho Fuchu Tokyo 183-0054 Japan
| | - Jae-Han Shim
- Natural Products Chemistry Laboratory, Biotechnology Research Institute; Chonnam National University; 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu Gwangju 500-757 Republic of Korea
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Ahmad S, Beg ZH. Alleviation of plasma, erythrocyte and liver lipidemic-oxidative stress by thymoquinone and limonene in atherogenic suspension fed rats. J Funct Foods 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2012.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Awaad AS, El-Meligy RM, Soliman GA. Natural products in treatment of ulcerative colitis and peptic ulcer. JOURNAL OF SAUDI CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jscs.2012.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Rifaioglu MM, Nacar A, Yuksel R, Yonden Z, Karcioglu M, Zorba OU, Davarci I, Sefil NK. Antioxidative and Anti-inflammatory Effect of Thymoquinone in an AcutePseudomonasProstatitis Rat Model. Urol Int 2013; 91:474-81. [DOI: 10.1159/000351261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Accepted: 04/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Intestinal, airway, and cardiovascular relaxant activities of thymoquinone. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 2012:305319. [PMID: 23320027 PMCID: PMC3540993 DOI: 10.1155/2012/305319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2012] [Accepted: 11/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Thymoquinone (TQ) is a bioactive component found in many medicinal herbs. In this study, we report the smooth and cardiac muscle relaxant activities of this compound. TQ concentration dependently suppressed spontaneously contracting rabbit jejunum while also relaxed high K+-(80 mM) induced contractions in jejunum and guinea-pig ileum, indicating activity at voltage-operated Ca++ channels (VOCC). Further, TQ displaced Ca++ concentration-response curves, obtained in a Ca++-free environment, to the right, showing blockade of VOCC. Similar activity was observed with verapamil, a standard VOCC blocker. TQ also exhibited nonadrenergic relaxation of agonist-induced contractions in guinea-pig trachea. When tested in fluo-4-loaded mouse lung slices, TQ inhibited ACh-induced airway narrowing and Ca++ signalling in airway smooth muscle cells. In endothelium-intact and endothelium-denuded rat aorta, TQ inhibited high K+-induced contractions at significantly lower concentrations than phenylephrine-(PE-) (1 microM) induced contractions. Relaxation of PE-induced contractions was resistant to blockade by L-NAME and atropine. In guinea-pig atria, TQ showed noncholinergic relaxation of atrial force and rate of contractions. These data suggest smooth and cardiac muscle relaxant activity of TQ possibly mediated, in part, via blockade of VOCC. The results also justify the use of TQ containing plants in related health disorders like colic, diarrhoea, cough, and asthma.
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Magdy MA, Hanan EA, Nabila EM. Thymoquinone: Novel gastroprotective mechanisms. Eur J Pharmacol 2012; 697:126-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2012.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2012] [Revised: 09/17/2012] [Accepted: 09/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Arafa NMS, Abdel-Rahman M, El-khadragy MF, Kassab RB. Evaluation of the Possible Epileptogenic Activity of Ciprofloxacin: The Role of Nigella sativa on Amino Acids Neurotransmitters. Neurochem Res 2012; 38:174-85. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-012-0905-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2012] [Revised: 09/11/2012] [Accepted: 10/04/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Rodrigues Orsi P, Bonamin F, Aparecida Severi J, Cássia Santos R, Vilegas W, Hiruma-Lima CA, Stasi LCD. Hymenaea stigonocarpa Mart. ex Hayne: a Brazilian medicinal plant with gastric and duodenal anti-ulcer and antidiarrheal effects in experimental rodent models. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 143:81-90. [PMID: 22750452 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2012] [Revised: 05/29/2012] [Accepted: 06/01/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Hymenaea stigonocarpa Mart. ex Hayne (Fabaceae) is a medicinal species commonly found in the Brazilian savannah. The stem bark of this medicinal plant, popularly known as "jatobá-do-cerrado", is widely used in tea form to treat gastric pain, ulcers, diarrhoea and inflammation, whereas its fruits pulp is edible. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this study was to investigate the antidiarrheal and anti-ulcer effects of a methanolic extract derived from the stem bark (MHs) and diet with fruit pulp of H. stigonocarpa. MATERIALS AND METHODS The antidiarrheal action of MHs was measured against the intestinal motility and diarrhoea induced by castor oil in mice. The preventive action of MHs (50, 100, 150 and 200mg/Kg, by oral route (p.o.)) against peptic ulcers was evaluated in experimental rodent models challenged with absolute ethanol, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) (200mg/Kg, p.o.) and cysteamine (200mg/Kg, p.o.). The main anti-ulcer mechanisms of action of MHs were analysed as follows: evaluation of the gastric juice parameters, assessment of mucus adherence to the gastric wall, determination of the role of nitric oxide (NO) and sulfhydryl compounds (SH), glutathione (GSH) levels and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity. The healing effects from MHs (200mg/Kg) and diet with fruit pulp (10%) against gastric and duodenal ulcers induced by acetic acid were also evaluated by treating rats over 7 or 14 consecutive days of treatment. RESULTS The phytochemical profile of MHs and fruit pulp indicated the presence of phenolic compounds (mainly flavonoids and condensed tannins). MHs (200mg/Kg, p.o.) displayed an antidiarrheal effect and were able to protect gastric mucosa against absolute ethanol (68% protection) and also against the injurious effect of NSAIDs (86% protection) when compared to the group treated with vehicle. These results were accompanied by the prevention of GSH depletion and an inhibition of MPO activity when compared to animals treated with vehicle (P<0.05). MHs markedly protected duodenal mucosa against injuries caused by cysteamine (98%) and also against I/R induced gastric ulceration (80%) when compared to the group treated with vehicle. Furthermore, MHs also prevented the GSH depletion of gastric mucosa relative to the control group treated with vehicle. NO appeared to be involved in this gastroprotective effect. MHs and diet with fruit pulp clearly demonstrated gastric healing actions after treatment for 7 (MHs - 53% inhibition) or 14 days (MHs - 60% inhibition and fruit pulp - 61% inhibition). Treatment with diet with fruit pulp for 7 days demonstrates a significant duodenal healing effect (71% inhibition) without any signs of toxicity. CONCLUSIONS MHs clearly demonstrate antidiarrheal, gastroprotective and cicatrising effects in experimental gastric and duodenal ulcers, and the diet with fruit pulp displays duodenal healing effects. The observed effects may be associated with the antioxidant effect, which may be due the presence of condensed tannins and flavonoids in the bark and fruit of H. stigonocarpa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Rodrigues Orsi
- Univ. Estadual Paulista-UNESP - Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Biociências, CEP 18618-000, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
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Inci M, Davarci M, Inci M, Motor S, Yalcinkaya FR, Nacar E, Aydin M, Sefil NK, Zararsız I. Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity of thymoquinone in a rat model of acute bacterial prostatitis. Hum Exp Toxicol 2012; 32:354-61. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327112455068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Prostatitis plays a major role in morbidity and mortality related to prostate diseases. The aim of this study was to detect whether thymoquinone (TQ) could ameliorate oxidative damage and the proliferative response induced by Escherichia coli ( E. coli) in rats. A total of 42 adult male Wistar rats were used. The rats were randomly divided into seven groups (three treatment groups, three infected groups and one control group). Control group received saline and was killed 24 h after saline administration. Infected rats were killed after 24, 48 and 72 h following direct injection of E. coli into the prostate. Treatment groups were administered with 10 mg/kg dose of TQ intraperitoneally following E. coli injection and after 24 and 48 h following E. coli injection. The rats were killed at 24, 48 and 72 h after the first drug administration. Each group was compared with each other and with the control group. In addition, infected groups were compared with treatment groups. Our findings show that the treatment with TQ has a protective effect against bacterial prostatitis-induced tissue injury. Increase in malondialdehyde levels and histological damage caused by E. coli were improved markedly with TQ treatment. TQ treatment particularly increased the activity of glutathione peroxidase and decreased the activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase. These observations might be attributed, at least in part, to the antioxidant effect of TQ and suggest that it could be a clinically valuable agent in the prevention of acute prostatitis caused by E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Inci
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey
| | - M Davarci
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey
| | - M Inci
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey
| | - S Motor
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey
| | - FR Yalcinkaya
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey
| | - E Nacar
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey
| | - M Aydin
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey
| | - NK Sefil
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey
| | - I Zararsız
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Mevlana (Rumi) University, Konya, Turkey
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Dailiah Roopha P, Padmalatha C. Effect of herbal preparation on heavy metal (cadmium) induced antioxidant system in female Wistar rats. J Med Toxicol 2012; 8:101-7. [PMID: 22090148 PMCID: PMC3550239 DOI: 10.1007/s13181-011-0194-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cadmium is one of the elements found to damage antioxidant systems in mammals. To ameliorate cadmium toxicity and to prevent oxidative stress, natural products may be useful. In Indian ethnobotanical practice, a mixture of 17 herbal products is used to fortify the reproductive system of women after parturition and to reverse ovarian oxidative stress. Oral administration of this extract to rats exposed to cadmium was useful in reversing oxidative stress. Two different doses of cadmium (50 ppm and 200 ppm) were given to Wistar rats aged 45 and 65 days. An herbal extract derived from 17 plants was administered orally every day at a dose level of 200 mg/kg of body weight to the rats exposed to cadmium. A battery of enzymes involved in antioxidant activity in the ovary, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione-s-transferase (GST) were measured in the control, cadmium-exposed rats without treatment and in the cadmium-exposed rats treated with herbal extract. The reduction in SOD, catalase, GPx and GST activity after cadmium exposure improved significantly in the rats treated with the herbal extract (p < 0.05). The decrease of antioxidant enzymes due to cadmium exposure was reversed significantly with herbal extract administration. The synergistic effect of each bioactive compound in different herbal extracts requires further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Dailiah Roopha
- Department of Zoology, Rani Anna Government College for Women, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Basarslan F, Yilmaz N, Ates S, Ozgur T, Tutanc M, Motor VK, Arica V, Yilmaz C, Inci M, Buyukbas S. Protective effects of thymoquinone on vancomycin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Hum Exp Toxicol 2012; 31:726-33. [PMID: 22318306 DOI: 10.1177/0960327111433185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
AIM Oxidative stress has been implicated as a potential responsible mechanism in the pathogenesis of vancomycin (VCM)-induced renal toxicity. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the protective effect of thymoquinone (TQ) against VCM-induced nephrotoxicity by tissue oxidant/antioxidant parameters and histological changes in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Wistar albino rats were randomly separated into four groups consisting of seven rats per group. The groups had normal saline (control group), VCM, VCM and TQ and TQ, respectively. VCM was injected intraperitoneally at a dose of 200 mg/kg and continued at 12-h intervals for 7 days. TQ was injected intraperitoneally at a dose of 10 mg/kg and continued at 24 h intervals for 8 days. Animals were killed and blood samples were analyzed for the levels of serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cr). Kidney specimens were analyzed for levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) as well as for histopathological changes. RESULTS We found that the levels of serum BUN, Cr and kidney tissue MDA were increased in the VCM group. Activities of SOD and GSH-Px in kidney tissue were decreased. TQ administration ameliorated significantly these changes. CONCLUSION These results indicate that the TQ produces a protective mechanism against VCM-induced nephrotoxicity and suggest a role of oxidative stress in pathogenesis.
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Hosseinzadeh H, Taiari S, Nassiri-Asl M. Effect of thymoquinone, a constituent of Nigella sativa L., on ischemia-reperfusion in rat skeletal muscle. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2012; 385:503-8. [PMID: 22271000 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-012-0726-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2011] [Accepted: 01/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Thymoquinone have been shown to decrease ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) in some tissues such as gastric mucosa and brain. In this study, the effect of thymoquinone was evaluated on an animal model of IRI in the rat hind limb. Hind limb ischemia was induced by clamping the common femoral artery and vein. After 2 h ischemia, the clamp on the femoral vessels was taken off and the animal underwent 1 h reperfusion. Muscle injuries were evaluated by recording the electromyographic (EMG) potentials and performing some biochemical analysis including thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), total sulfhydryl (SH) groups, and antioxidant capacity of muscle using ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) assay. Ischemia was induced using free-flap surgery in skeletal muscle. Thymoquinone (20, 40 and 80 mg/kg) and normal saline (10 ml/kg) were administered intraperitoneally 1 h prior to reperfusion. The average peak-to-peak amplitude during ischemic reperfusion was significantly increased in thymoquinone groups in comparison with the control group. Following thymoquinone administration, the total SH contents and antioxidant capacity were elevated in muscle flap. The malondialdehyde (MDA) level was declined significantly in test groups. It is concluded that thymoquinone have some protective effects against the muscle tissue injury caused by lower limb ischemia-reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, 1365-91775, Mashhad, I.R. Iran,
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Cyclic voltammetry, spectroelectrochemistry and electron spin resonance as combined tools to study thymoquinone in aprotic medium. Electrochim Acta 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2011.11.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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The neuroprotective effect of curcumin and Nigella sativa oil against oxidative stress in the pilocarpine model of epilepsy: a comparison with valproate. Neurochem Res 2011; 36:2195-204. [PMID: 21751034 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-011-0544-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been implicated to play a role in epileptogenesis and pilocarpine-induced seizures. The present study aims to evaluate the antioxidant effects of curcumin, Nigella sativa oil (NSO) and valproate on the levels of malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, reduced glutathione and the activities of catalase, Na⁺, K⁺-ATPase and acetylcholinesterase in the hippocampus of pilocarpine-treated rats. The animal model of epilepsy was induced by pilocarpine and left for 22 days to establish the chronic phase of epilepsy. These animals were then treated with curcumin, NSO or valproate for 21 days. The data revealed evidence of oxidative stress in the hippocampus of pilocarpinized rats as indicated by the increased nitric oxide levels and the decreased glutathione levels and catalase activity. Moreover, a decrease in Na⁺, K⁺-ATPase activity and an increase in acetylcholinesterase activity occurred in the hippocampus after pilocarpine. Treatment with curcumin, NSO or valproate ameliorated most of the changes induced by pilocarpine and restored Na⁺, K⁺-ATPase activity in the hippocampus to control levels. This study reflects the promising anticonvulsant and potent antioxidant effects of curcumin and NSO in reducing oxidative stress, excitability and the induction of seizures in epileptic animals and improving some of the adverse effects of antiepileptic drugs.
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Awad AS, Kamel R, Sherief MAE. Effect of thymoquinone on hepatorenal dysfunction and alteration of CYP3A1 and spermidine/spermine N-1-acetyl-transferase gene expression induced by renal ischaemia-reperfusion in rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 63:1037-42. [PMID: 21718287 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.2011.01303.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Renal ischaemia-reperfusion (I/R) is a well-characterised model of acute renal failure that causes both local and remote organ injury. The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of thymoquinone, the main constituent of the volatile oil extracted from Nigella sativa seeds, on renal and hepatic changes after renal ischaemia-reperfusion. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into sham I/R vehicle-treated groups, and I/R thymoquinone-treated groups. Thymoquinone (10 mg/kg, p.o.) was administered for ten consecutive days to the I/R thymoquinone group before injury. I/R and I/R thymoquinone groups were subjected to 30-min ischaemia followed by 4-h reperfusion. KEY FINDINGS I/R resulted in a significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) level and decreases in glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in liver and kidney tissues. Thymoquinone treatment caused the reversal of I/R-induced changes in MDA as well as GST and SOD activity. Moreover, I/R caused a significant rise in creatinine and alanine aminotransferase serum levels. CYP3A1 mRNA expression was induced significantly by I/R in both liver and kidney tissues compared with sham group. Thymoquinone reduced significantly this increase. I/R caused induction of mRNA expression of spermidine/spermine N-1-acetyl-transferase (SSAT), a catabolic enzyme that participates in polyamine metabolism, in liver and kidney tissues. Thymoquinone reduced SSAT mRNA expression significantly in liver and markedly in kidney. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggested that thymoquinone protected against renal I/R-induced damage through an antioxidant mechanism as well as the decrease of CYP3A1 and SSAT gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azza S Awad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University (Girls), Nasr City, Egypt.
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Chatti IB, Boubaker J, Skandrani I, Bhouri W, Ghedira K, Chekir Ghedira L. Antioxidant and antigenotoxic activities in Acacia salicina extracts and its protective role against DNA strand scission induced by hydroxyl radical. Food Chem Toxicol 2011; 49:1753-8. [PMID: 21570443 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2011.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2010] [Accepted: 04/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The antioxidant potency of Acacia salicina extracts was investigated. Total antioxidant capacity was determined using an ABTS(+) assay. Superoxide radical scavenging was measured using riboflavin-light-nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT) assay. In addition, the content of phenols, total flavonoids and sterols were measured in the tested extracts. The petroleum ether exhibited a potent scavenging activity toward ABTS radical cations. Whereas, chloroform extract showed the highest activity against superoxides radicals and was also able to protect pKS plasmid DNA against hydroxyl radicals induced DNA damages. The antimutagenicity of these extracts was assayed using the Ames assay against Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and S. typhimurium TA 1535 tester strains at different concentrations. These extracts decreased significantly the mutagenecity induced by sodium azide (SA) and 4-nitro-o-phenylenediamine (NOP). The antioxidant and antimutagenecity activities exhibited by A. salicina depended on the chemical composition of the tested extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Bouhlel Chatti
- Unité de Pharmacognosie/Biologie moléculaire 99/UR/07-03, Faculté de Pharmacie/Médecine Dentaire de Monastir, Tunisia.
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Naik DG, Dandge CN, Rupanar SV. Chemical Examination and Evaluation of Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Essential Oil fromGymnema sylvestreR. Br. Leaves. JOURNAL OF ESSENTIAL OIL RESEARCH 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/10412905.2011.9700451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Yarnell
- Northwest Naturopathic Urology, in Seattle, Washington, and is a faculty member at Bastyr University in Kenmore, Washington
| | - Kathy Abascal
- The Botanical Medicine Academy in Vashon, Washington
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Erşahin M, Toklu HZ, Akakin D, Yuksel M, Yeğen BC, Sener G. The effects of Nigella sativa against oxidative injury in a rat model of subarachnoid hemorrhage. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2011; 153:333-41. [PMID: 21072672 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-010-0853-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2010] [Accepted: 10/23/2010] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to investigate the putative neuroprotective effect of Nigella sativa oil (NSO) treatment against subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in rats. METHODS To induce SAH, rats were injected with 0.3 ml blood into their cisterna magna. Male Wistar albino rats were divided as control, vehicle-treated SAH, and NSO-treated (0.2 ml/kg, intraperitoneally) SAH groups. Forty-eight hours after SAH induction, neurological examination scores were recorded and the rats were decapitated. Brain tissue samples were taken for blood brain barrier permeability, brain water content, or determination of malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels, myeloperoxidase (MPO), and Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase activities. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION On the second day of SAH induction, neurological examination scores were increased in SAH groups, while SAH caused significant decreases in brain GSH content and Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase activity, which were accompanied with significant increases in MDA levels and MPO activity. The histological observation showed vasospasm of the basillary artery. On the other hand, NSO treatment markedly improved the neurological scores while all oxidant responses were prevented, implicating that NSO treatment may be of therapeutic use in preventing oxidative stress due to SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Erşahin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Haydarpasa Numune Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
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Debnath S, Biswas D, Ray K, Guha D. Moringa oleifera induced potentiation of serotonin release by 5-HT(3) receptors in experimental ulcer model. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 18:91-95. [PMID: 20637582 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2010.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2010] [Revised: 04/20/2010] [Accepted: 06/01/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE moringa oleifera (Moringaceae), a perennial plant is widely cultivated throughout the world. Extensive pharmacological studies revealed its promising role in modulation of various disorders like antispasmodic, diuretic, abortifacient, antimicrobial antibacterial, antitubercular, antiviral, antifertility, depressant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer property which promoted us to conduct the study to elucidate its role on experimental gastric ulceration. AIM OF THE STUDY the aim of the present study was to assess the efficacy of its aqueous leaf extract on protection of gastric ulceration and characterize the possible modulatory mechanism underlying the phenomenon. MATERIALS AND METHODS adult Holtzman strain albino rats (weight 150-200 g) of either sex were used for the study. Ulceration was induced using aspirin (500 mg/kg body weight) and using Moringa oleifera (MO), a herbal formulation, the modulatory mechanism has been studied and compared with a commonly used antagonist of 5-HT(3) receptors, ondansetron by assessing parameters like mean ulcer index, 5-HT content, EC cell count and mucosal thickness. RESULTS the results of our study suggest that MO protects ulcer formation by modulating 5-HT secretion through EC cell via 5-HT(3) receptors in gastrointestinal tract. INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSION MO showed maximum protective activity at a dose of 300 mg/kg body weight against above-mentioned experimental rat ulcer model by modulating 5-HT secretion through EC cell via 5-HT(3) receptors in gastrointestinal tract which has given a glimpse of a therapeutic approach for gastric ulcer management, which may be beneficially used in contrast to the classical antacid, antihistamine or surgical treatment. Further investigations and proper screening regarding various phytochemicals, alkaloids present within MO leaf will help to formulate effective herbal preparation that will be used to combat gastrointestinal disorders in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddhartha Debnath
- S. N. Pradhan Centre for Neurosciences, University of Calcutta, 244B A.J.C. Bose Road, Kolkata 700020, India. siddhartha
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Bourgou S, Bettaieb I, Saidani M, Marzouk B. Fatty acids, essential oil, and phenolics modifications of black cumin fruit under NaCl stress conditions. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:12399-12406. [PMID: 21049998 DOI: 10.1021/jf103415q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
This research evaluated the effect of saline conditions on fruit yield, fatty acids, and essential oils compositions and phenolics content of black cumin (Nigella sativa). This plant is one of the most commonly found aromatics in the Mediterranean kitchen. Increasing NaCl levels to 60 mM decreased significantly the fruits yield by 58% and the total fatty acids amount by 35%. Fatty acids composition analysis indicated that linoleic acid was the major fatty acid (58.09%) followed by oleic (19.21%) and palmitic (14.77%) acids. Salinity enhanced the linoleic acid percentage but did not affect the unsaturation degree of the fatty acids pool and thus the oil quality. The essential oil yield was 0.39% based on the dry weight and increased to 0.53, 0.56, and 0.72% at 20, 40, and 60 mM NaCl. Salinity results on the modification of the essential oil chemotype from p-cymene in controls to γ-terpinene/p-cymene in salt-stressed plants. The amounts of total phenolics were lower in the treated plants. Salinity decreased mainly the amount of the major class, benzoics acids, by 24, 29, and 44% at 20, 40, and 60 mM NaCl. The results suggest that salt treatment may regulate bioactive compounds production in black cumin fruits, influencing their nutritional and industrial values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumaya Bourgou
- Laboratoire des Substances Bioactives Centre de Biotechnologie à la Technopole de Borj-Cédria (CBBC), BP 901, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
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75
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Nagi MN, Al-Shabanah OA, Hafez MM, Sayed-Ahmed MM. Thymoquinone supplementation attenuates cyclophosphamide-induced cardiotoxicity in rats. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2010; 25:135-42. [PMID: 20957680 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.20369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the possible protective effects of thymoquinone (TQ), the main constituent of the volatile oil of black seed (Nigella sativa), against cyclophosphamide (CP)-induced cardiotoxicity. Adult male Wistar albino rats were divided into four treatment groups. Rats in the first group were served as control. Rats in the second group received TQ (50 mg/L in drinking water) for 12 days. Animals in the third group were injected with a single dose of CP (200 mg/kg, IP) at day 5. Rats in the fourth group received TQ (50 mg/L in drinking water) for 5 days before a single dose of CP (200 mg/kg, IP) and continued thereafter throughout the experiment. On day 13, animals were sacrificed; serum and hearts were isolated and analyzed. Cyclophosphamide resulted in a significant increase in serum creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, cholesterol, triglycerides, creatinine, urea, and tumor necrosis factor-α. In heart tissues, CP resulted in a significant increase in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and total nitrate/nitrite and a significant decrease in reduced glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and adenosine triphosphate levels. Interestingly, TQ supplementation resulted in a complete reversal of all the biochemical changes induced by CP to their control values. Data from this study suggest that TQ supplementation attenuates CP-induced cardiotoxicity by a mechanism related, at least in part, to its ability to decrease oxidative and nitrosative stress and to preserve the activity of antioxidant enzymes as well as its ability to improve the mitochondrial function and energy production. .
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud N Nagi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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76
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Salim EI. Cancer chemopreventive potential of volatile oil from black cumin seeds, Nigella sativa L., in a rat multi-organ carcinogenesis bioassay. Oncol Lett 2010; 1:913-924. [PMID: 22966405 DOI: 10.3892/ol_00000162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2010] [Accepted: 07/05/2010] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Nigella sativa (N. sativa) is a herbal plant of the Ranunculaceae family that has been widely used for various medicinal and nutritional purposes. Volatile oil extracts along with its major constituents, such as thymoquinone, have recently attracted considerable attention for their antioxidant, immunoprotective and antitumor properties. The present study was conducted to assess the chemopreventive potential of crude oils in N. sativa on tumor formation using a well-established rat multi-organ carcinogenesis model featuring initial treatment with five different carcinogens. Post-initiation administration of 1000 or 4000 ppm N. sativa volatile oil in the diet of male Wistar rats for 30 weeks significantly reduced malignant and benign colon tumor sizes, incidences and multiplicities. The treatment also significantly decreased the incidences and multiplicities of tumors in the lungs and in different parts of the alimentary canal, particularly the esophagus and forestomach. Bromodeoxyuridine labeling indices, reflecting cell proliferation were significantly decreased in various organs and lesions after treatment with the two doses of N. sativa. The plasma levels of insulin growth factor, triglycerides and prostaglandin E2 were also altered. The findings show, for the first time, that N. sativa administration exerts potent inhibitory effects on rat tumor development and on cellular proliferation in multiple organ sites. In particular, the ability to significantly inhibit murine colon, lung, esophageal and forestomach tumors was demonstrated in the post-initiation phase, with no evidence of clinical side effects. The mechanisms are likely to be related to suppression of cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsayed I Salim
- Research Laboratory of Experimental and Molecular Carcinogenesis, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
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Lupidi G, Scire A, Camaioni E, Khalife KH, De Sanctis G, Tanfani F, Damiani E. Thymoquinone, a potential therapeutic agent of Nigella sativa, binds to site I of human serum albumin. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2010; 17:714-720. [PMID: 20171066 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2010.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2009] [Revised: 12/18/2009] [Accepted: 01/25/2010] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Thymoquinone (TQ) is the main constituent of Nigella sativa essential oil which shows promising in vitro and in vivo antineoplastic growth inhibition against various tumor cell lines. Because of the increasing interest to test it in pre-clinical and clinical researches for assessing its health benefits, we here evaluate the interactions between TQ and human serum albumin (HSA), a possible carrier of this drug in vivo. Binding to HSA was studied using different spectroscopic techniques. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopies suggest that the association between TQ and HSA does not affect the secondary structure of HSA. Using fluorescence spectroscopy, one mole of TQ was found to bind one mole of HSA with a binding constant of 2.39 +/- 0.2 10(4)M(-1). At 25 degrees C (pH 7.4), van't Hoff's enthalpy and entropy that accompany the binding were found to be -10.24 kJ/mol(-1) and 45 J/mol(-1)K(-1) respectively. The thermodynamic analysis of the TQ-HSA complex formation shows that the binding process is enthalpy driven and spontaneous, and that hydrophobic interactions are the predominant intermolecular forces stabilizing the complex. Furthermore, displacement experiments using warfarin and ibuprofen indicate that TQ could bind to site I of HSA, which is also in agreement with the results of the molecular modeling study.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Lupidi
- Dipartimento di Biologia M.C.A., Università degli Studi di Camerino, Camerino, Italy
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Salem EM, Yar T, Bamosa AO, Al-Quorain A, Yasawy MI, Alsulaiman RM, Randhawa MA. Comparative study of Nigella Sativa and triple therapy in eradication of Helicobacter Pylori in patients with non-ulcer dyspepsia. Saudi J Gastroenterol 2010; 16:207-14. [PMID: 20616418 PMCID: PMC3003218 DOI: 10.4103/1319-3767.65201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM A large number of diseases are ascribed to Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), particularly chronic active gastritis, peptic ulcer disease and gastric cancer. Successful treatment of H. pylori infection with antimicrobial agents can lead to regression of H. pylori-associated disorders. Antibiotic resistance against H. pylori is increasing, and it is necessary to find new effective agents. Nigella sativa seed (NS), a commonly used herb, possesses in vitro anti-helicobacter activity. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of NS in eradication of H. pylori infection in non-ulcer dyspeptic patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was conducted on 88 adult patients attending King Fahd Hospital of the University, Al-Khobar, Saudi Arabia, from 2007 to 2008, with dyspeptic symptoms and found positive for H. pylori infection by histopathology and urease test. Patients were randomly assigned to four groups, receiving i) triple therapy (TT) comprising of clarithromycin, amoxicillin, omeprazole [n= 23], ii) 1 g NS + 40 mg omeprazole (OM) [n= 21], iii) 2 g NS + OM [n= 21] or iv) 3 g NS + OM [n= 23]. Negative H. pylori stool antigen test four weeks after end of treatment was considered as eradication. RESULTS H. pylori eradication was 82.6, 47.6, 66.7 and 47.8% with TT, 1 g NS, 2 g NS and 3 g NS, respectively. Eradication rates with 2 g NS and TT were statistically not different from each other, whereas H. pylori eradication with other doses was significantly less than that with TT (P < 0.05). Dyspepsia symptoms improved in all groups to a similar extent. CONCLUSIONS N. sativa seeds possess clinically useful anti-H. pylori activity, comparable to triple therapy. Further clinical studies combining N. sativa with antibiotics are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eyad M. Salem
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Talay Yar
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia,Address for correspondence: Dr. Talay Yar, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Faisal University, PO Box 2114, Dammam, 31451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. E-mail:
| | - Abdullah O. Bamosa
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz Al-Quorain
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, King Fahd Hospital of the University, Al-Khobar, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed I. Yasawy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, King Fahd Hospital of the University, Al-Khobar, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raed M. Alsulaiman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, King Fahd Hospital of the University, Al-Khobar, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad A. Randhawa
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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Nigella sativa L. seed extract modulates the neurotransmitter amino acids release in cultured neurons in vitro. J Biomed Biotechnol 2010; 2010:398312. [PMID: 20625485 PMCID: PMC2896676 DOI: 10.1155/2010/398312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2009] [Revised: 03/22/2010] [Accepted: 04/19/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nigella sativa L. (NS) has been used for medicinal purposes since ancient times. This
study aimed to investigate the cytotoxicity of NS dry methanolic extract on cultured
cortical neurons and its influence on neurotransmitter release, as well as the presence of
excitatory (glutamate and aspartate) and inhibitory amino acids (gamma-aminobutyric
acid—GABA—and glycine) in NS extract. Cultured rat cortical neurons were exposed to
different times and concentrations of NS dry methanolic extract and cell viability was
then determined by a quantitative colorimetric method. NS did not induce any toxicity.
The secretion of different amino acids was studied in primary cultured cortical neurons
by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using a derivation before injection
with dansyl chloride. NS modulated amino acid release in cultured neurons; GABA was
significantly increased whereas secretion of glutamate, aspartate, and glycine were
decreased. The in vitro findings support the hypothesis that the sedative and depressive
effects of NS observed in vivo could be based on changes of inhibitory/excitatory amino
acids levels.
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80
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Terzi A, Coban S, Yildiz F, Ates M, Bitiren M, Taskin A, Aksoy N. Protective Effects of Nigella Sativa on Intestinal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Rats. J INVEST SURG 2010; 23:21-7. [DOI: 10.3109/08941930903469375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Mousavi SH, Tayarani-Najaran Z, Asghari M, Sadeghnia HR. Protective effect of Nigella sativa extract and thymoquinone on serum/glucose deprivation-induced PC12 cells death. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2010; 30:591-8. [PMID: 20054635 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-009-9484-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2009] [Accepted: 12/04/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The serum/glucose deprivation (SGD)-induced cell death in cultured PC12 cells represents a useful in vitro model for the study of brain ischemia and neurodegenerative disorders. Nigella sativa L. (family Ranunculaceae) and its active component thymoquinone (TQ) has been known as a source of antioxidants. In the present study, the protective effects of N. sativa and TQ on cell viability and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in cultured PC12 cells were investigated under SGD conditions. PC12 cells were cultured in DMEM medium containing 10% (v/v) fetal bovine serum, 100 units/ml penicillin, and 100 microg/ml streptomycin. Cells were seeded overnight and then deprived of serum/glucose for 6 and 18 h. Cells were pretreated with different concentrations of N. sativa extract (15.62-250 microg/ml) and TQ (1.17-150 microM) for 2 h. Cell viability was quantitated by MTT assay. Intracellular ROS production was measured by flow cytometry using 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCF-DA) as a probe. SGD induced significant cells toxicity after 6, 18, or 24 h (P < 0.001). Pretreatment with N. sativa (15.62-250 microg/ml) and TQ (1.17-37.5 microM) reduced SGD-induced cytotoxicity in PC12 cells after 6 and 18 h. A significant increase in intracellular ROS production was seen following SGD (P < 0.001). N. sativa (250 microg/ml, P < 0.01) and TQ (2.34, 4.68, 9.37 microM, P < 0.01) pretreatment reversed the increased ROS production following ischemic insult. The experimental results suggest that N. sativa extract and TQ protects the PC12 cells against SGD-induced cytotoxicity via antioxidant mechanisms. Our findings might raise the possibility of potential therapeutic application of N. sativa extract and TQ for managing cerebral ischemic and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Mousavi
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacological Research Centre of Medicinal Plants, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (MUMS), Mashhad, Iran
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82
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Salih B, Sipahi T, Dönmez EO. Ancient nigella seeds from Boyali Höyük in north-central Turkey. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2009; 124:416-420. [PMID: 19505557 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2009.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2008] [Revised: 05/11/2009] [Accepted: 05/28/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY The seeds of nigella (black cumin) (Nigella sativa L.) have been widely used as a natural remedy, either alone or in combination with bee products, for the treatment of many acute as well as chronic conditions for centuries, especially in the Middle East and Southeast Asia. In consideration of potential utilization, in recent years the seeds have been extensively studied in terms of pharmacological effects. It has been shown that the seeds have significant effects on multiple biological systems. In addition, the protective roles of the seeds with bee products (honey and wax) have been recently proved. This study reports the palaeoethnobotanical find of nigella seeds recovered in a pilgrim flask from the Old Hittite Period level of Boyali Höyük (Mound), dating from around 1650 BC, in north-central Turkey. The study also deals with a comparison between the chemical properties of the Boyali Höyük nigella seeds (ancient seeds) and those of modern nigella seeds. The results of chemical analysis of the debris found in the pilgrim flask to test the presence of bee product are also presented here. MATERIALS AND METHODS All macro-remains found in the pilgrim flask were first examined under a zoom stereomicroscope for specific determination and all were identified as nigella seeds using the reference collection of modern seeds. Ethyl alcohol and dichloromethane (Aldrich, Buch-Switzerland) were used for the extraction of the ancient seeds and modern nigella seeds to trace both polar and non-polar chemical compounds by a Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer (GC-MS) system. Characterization of the chemical compounds in propolis extracts was also made by GC-MS. RESULTS The GC-MS chromatograms showed that the ancient and modern seed samples were similar in essential oil acids. Many organic compounds of bee products, such as wax and phenolic antioxidants, were also detected in the container. CONCLUSION The results of this study indicated that the Hittite pilgrim flask contained a pure cache of nigella seeds mixed with bee products, wax and propolis. There has been no direct archaeological evidence for medicinal use of nigella seeds with bee products by the inhabitants of Boyali Höyük or the Hittities so far. However, in view of the folkloric use of nigella seeds in combination with bee products for treatments of disorders and promotion of health, it is thought that the Boyali Höyük material would represent a remedy used by the Hittites in Anatolia about 3600 years ago.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Salih
- Department of Chemistry, Hacettepe University, 06800, Beytepe, Ankara, Turkey
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83
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Kanter M. Protective effects of thymoquinone on streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy. J Mol Histol 2009; 40:107-15. [PMID: 19484499 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-009-9220-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2009] [Accepted: 05/18/2009] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was designed to investigate the possible beneficial effects of the thymoquinone (TQ) in streptozotocine (STZ)-induced diabetes in rats. The rats were randomly allotted into one of three experimental groups: A (control), B (diabetic untreated), and C (diabetic treated with TQ); each group contain ten animals. B and C groups received STZ. Diabetes was induced in two groups by a single intra-peritoneal (i.p) injection of STZ (50 mg/kg, freshly dissolved in 5 mmol/l citrate buffer, pH 4.5). Two days after STZ treatment, development of diabetes in two experimental groups was confirmed by measuring blood glucose levels in a tail vein blood samples. Rats with blood glucose levels of 250 mg/dl or higher were considered to be diabetic. The rats in TQ treated groups were given TQ (50 mg/kg body weight) once a day orally by using intra gastric intubation for 12 weeks starting 2 days after STZ injection. Treatment of TQ reduced the glomerular size, thickening of capsular, glomerular and tubular basement membranes, increased amounts of mesangial matrix and tubular dilatation and renal function as compared with diabetics untreated. We conclude that TQ therapy causes renal morphologic and functional improvement after STZ-induced diabetes in rats. We believe that further preclinical research into the utility of TQ treatment may indicate its usefulness as a potential treatment in diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Kanter
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, 22030 Edirne, Turkey.
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Khader M, Bresgen N, Eckl PM. In vitro toxicological properties of thymoquinone. Food Chem Toxicol 2008; 47:129-33. [PMID: 19010375 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2008.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2007] [Revised: 10/02/2008] [Accepted: 10/19/2008] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Nigella sativa has been traditionally used for the treatment of inflammations, liver disorders, and arthritis. Experimentally, it has been demonstrated that N. sativa extracts and the main constituent of their volatile oil, thymoquinone, possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and hepato-protective properties. To further evaluate the toxicological properties in a metabolically competent cellular system, thymoquinone was applied to primary rat hepatocyte cultures, and both cyto- and genotoxic effects were tested. Mitotic indices and the rates of apoptoses and necroses were determined as endpoints of cytotoxicity, while chromosomal aberrations and micronucleated cells served as endpoints of genotoxicity. In this approach thymoquinone demonstrated cyto- and genotoxic effects in a concentration dependent manner: it induced significant anti-proliferative effects at 20 microM and acute cytotoxicity at higher concentrations. Thymoquinone significantly increased the rates of necrotic cells at concentrations between 2.5 and 20 microM. Furthermore, it induced significant genotoxicity at concentrations > or =1.25 microM. These observations support the previous finding that thymoquinone causes glutathione depletion and liver damage, but contradict the reports indicating antioxidant and anti-clastogenic effects. Thymoquinone might be metabolised to reactive species and increase oxidative stress, which contributes to the depletion of antioxidant enzymes and damage to DNA in hepatocytes treated with high thymoquinone concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Khader
- Division of Genetics, Department of Cell Biology, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstrasse 34, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria
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Yildiz F, Coban S, Terzi A, Ates M, Aksoy N, Cakir H, Ocak AR, Bitiren M. Nigella sativa relieves the deleterious effects of ischemia reperfusion injury on liver. World J Gastroenterol 2008; 14:5204-9. [PMID: 18777598 PMCID: PMC2744011 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.14.5204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To determine whether Nigella sativa prevents hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury to the liver.
METHODS: Thirty rats were divided into three groups as sham (Group 1), control (Group 2), and Nigella sativa (NS) treatment group (Group 3). All rats underwent hepatic ischemia for 45 min followed by 60 min period of reperfusion. Rats were intraperitoneally infused with only 0.9% saline solution in group 2. Rats in group 3 received NS (0.2 mL/kg) intraperitoneally, before ischemia and before reperfusion. Blood samples and liver tissues were harvested from the rats, and then the rats were sacrificed. Serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels were determined. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC), catalase (CAT), total oxidative status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) in hepatic tissue were measured. Also liver tissue histopathology was evaluated by light microscopy.
RESULTS: The levels of liver enzymes in group 3 were significantly lower than those in the group 2. TAC in liver tissue was significantly higher in group 3 than in group 2. TOS, OSI and MPO in hepatic tissue were significantly lower in group 3 than the group 2. Histological tissue damage was milder in the NS treatment group than that in the control group.
CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that Nigella sativa treatment protects the rat liver against to hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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Al Mofleh IA, Alhaider AA, Mossa JS, Al-Sohaibani MO, Al-Yahya MA, Rafatullah S, Shaik SA. Gastroprotective effect of an aqueous suspension of black cumin Nigella sativa on necrotizing agents-induced gastric injury in experimental animals. Saudi J Gastroenterol 2008; 14:128-34. [PMID: 19568521 PMCID: PMC2702910 DOI: 10.4103/1319-3767.41731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2007] [Accepted: 04/26/2008] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Previous studies on "Black seed" or "Black Cumin" Nigella sativa (NS) have reported a large number of pharmacological activities including its anti-ulcer potential. These studies employed either fixed oil, volatile oil components or different solvent extracts. In folkloric practices, NS seeds are taken as such, in the form of coarse dry powder or the powdered seeds are mixed with water. This study examines the effect of NS aqueous suspension on experimentally induced gastric ulcers and basal gastric secretion in rats to rationalize its use by herbal and Unani medicine practitioners. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was conducted at the Medicinal, Aromatic and Poisonous Plants Research Center, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Acute gastric ulceration was produced by various noxious chemicals (80% ethanol, 0.2 M NaOH, 25% NaCl and indomethacin) in Wistar albino rats. Anti-secretory studies were undertaken in a separate group of rats. Gastric wall mucus contents and non-protein sulfhydryl concentration were estimated, and gastric tissue was examined histopathologically. RESULTS An aqueous suspension of Black seed significantly prevented gastric ulcer formation induced by necrotizing agents. It also significantly ameliorated the ulcer severity and basal gastric acid secretion in pylorus-ligated Shay rats. Moreover, the suspension significantly replenished the ethanol-induced depleted gastric wall mucus content levels and gastric mucosal non-protein sulfhydryl concentration. The anti-ulcer effect was further confirmed histopathologically. CONCLUSION These findings validate the use of Black seed in gastropathies induced by necrotizing agents. The anti-ulcer effect of NS is possibly prostaglandin-mediated and/or through its antioxidant and anti-secretory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim A Al Mofleh
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abdulqader A. Alhaider
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jaber S. Mossa
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mohammed A Al-Yahya
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Rafatullah
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaffi A. Shaik
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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87
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Effect of some natural products either alone or in combination on gastritis induced in experimental rats. Dig Dis Sci 2008; 53:1774-84. [PMID: 18368490 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-008-0246-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2004] [Accepted: 07/12/2005] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Gastritis, an inflammatory state in gastric mucosa, can be induced experimentally in various ways. The present study considered the iodoacetamide model (Iodo). Omega-3 fatty acids (fish oil), black seed oil, and curcuminoids (natural products) in addition to omeprazole (synthetic proton-pump inhibitor) were tested. Supplementation of 0.1% iodoacetamide to drinking water of experimental rats for two consecutive weeks resulted in: (i) increased serum nitric oxide (NO) and gastrin, and decreased pepsinogen, (ii) depletion of gastric mucosal glutathione (GSH), and (iii) increased gastric mucosal lipid peroxidation (MDA), but failed to affect gastric mucosal myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity. Histological examination showed marked neutrophilic infiltration after 1 week of iodoacetamide administration and shedding of apical cell layer with pale edematous vacuolated gastric gland cells and thickening of muscularis mucosa after 2 weeks of iodoacetamide intake. Individual administration of omega-3 fatty acids 12 mg/kg, black seed oil 50 mg/kg, and curcuminoids 50 mg/kg body weight orally daily for 3 weeks decreased MDA, gastrin, and NO, and normalized mucosal GSH but failed to affect serum pepsinogen level. Combined administration of these natural products for 3 weeks normalized MPO activity, and other effects were nearly the same as with individual use. Omeprazole administration 30 mg/kg body weight orally daily for 3 weeks induced a similar response except for an observed increase in serum gastrin and pepsinogen levels.
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88
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Celik I, Isik I. Determination of chemopreventive role of Foeniculum vulgare and Salvia officinalis infusion on trichloroacetic acid-induced increased serum marker enzymes lipid peroxidation and antioxidative defense systems in rats. Nat Prod Res 2008; 22:66-75. [PMID: 17999340 DOI: 10.1080/14786410701590426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Today's world is increasingly seeking ways to replace the synthetic drugs with the therapeutic power of natural products. This study was designed to investigate the protective effects of Foeniculum vulgare (FV) and Salvia officinalis (SO) waters infusions against carcinogen chemical trichloroacetic acid (TCA)-exposure in rats. The chemopreventive potential of the plant infusions were evaluated by measuring levels of serum marker enzymes [aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanin aminotransferase (ALT), creatine phosphokinase (CPK), acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)], antioxidant defense systems [Reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione reductase (GR), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and catalase (CAT)] and lipid peroxidation level (Malondialdehyde = MDA) in various tissues of rats. Female Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 150-200 g, were randomly allotted into four experimental groups. While the control group (A) received only natural spring water, the treatment B group (0.2% TCA) supplied with the drinking water containing 0.2% TCA, the treatment C (TCA + FV infusion) and D (TCA + SO infusion) groups drank the drinking water containing 0.2% TCA and 2.5% the plant grains and leaves ad libitum for 50 days during experiment. At the end of the 50 days experiment, TCA and the plant's infusions caused different affect on the serum marker enzymes, tissues antioxidant defense systems and lipid peroxidation against TCA-exposed in rats with comparison to those of TCA exposed and control rats. According to the results, both TCA and TCA + plants infusions caused a significant increase in serum AST, ALT and CPK activity. Non-enzymic antioxidant GSH level significantly increased in the brain whereas reduced in the erythrocytes and kidney of TCA + FV and TCA + SO as compared to TCA group and control. While MDA content slightly increased in tissues of TCA group in comparison to those of control, significantly decreased in the brain, liver and kidney of rats of TCA + FV and TCA + SO groups as compared to TCA group and control. Antioxidative enzyme activity such as CAT and SOD significantly increased in the brain, liver and kidney tissues of TCA induced group whereas reduced the same enzymes activities as compared to TCA group. The ancillary enzyme GR activity significantly depleted in the brain and kidney of TCA + FV and TCA + SO groups in comparison to those of TCA exposed and control rats. In addition, the drug metabolizing enzyme GST activity significantly declined in the brain and kidney of TCA + FV and TCA + SO groups in comparison to those of TCA exposed and control rats, whereas, also reduced in the liver of TCA + FV and TCA + SO groups in comparison to those of TCA exposed rats. It was concluded that the levels of serum marker enzymes were found not to be decreased in plants treated groups due to hepatic damage induced by TCA. Also the four antioxidant enzymes were found to be activated in different degrees following TCA treatment and declined the activation of the enzymes the plant infusions accompanied by significant reduction in MDA concentration in the tissues. The observations, along with changes, might suggest that the both FV and SO may possess antioxidant properties during the period of a 50-day protective exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail Celik
- Faculty of Art and Science, Department of Biology, Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey.
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89
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Ammar RB, Kilani S, Bouhlel I, Ezzi L, Skandrani I, Boubaker J, Sghaier MB, Naffeti A, Mahmoud A, Chekir-Ghedira L, Ghedira K. Antiproliferative, antioxidant, and antimutagenic activities of flavonoid-enriched extracts from (Tunisian) Rhamnus alaternus L.: combination with the phytochemical composition. Drug Chem Toxicol 2008; 31:61-80. [PMID: 18161508 DOI: 10.1080/01480540701688725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A pronounced antiproliferative effect on human leukemia K562 cells was shown with flavonoid-enriched extracts from Rhamnus alaternus roots and leaves, with, respectively, IC(50) values of 165 and 210.73 microg/mL. High DPPH radical-scavenging activity (7.21 and 18.84 microg/mL, respectively) and antioxidative effects using the xanthine oxidase assay (IC(50) values of 83.33 and 103.96 microg/mL, respectively) were detected in the presence of the two tested extracts. Although no mutagenic effect was observed when using the Salmonella typhimurium assay system with TA1535 and TA100 strains, the two tested extracts exhibited a high-level protection toward the direct mutagen, sodium azide-induced response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebai Ben Ammar
- Unité de Pharmacognosie/Biologie Moléculaire 99/UR/07-03, Faculté de Pharmacie, Monastir, Tunisie
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90
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Ramadan MF. Nutritional value, functional properties and nutraceutical applications of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.): an overview. Int J Food Sci Technol 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2006.01417.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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91
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Hosseinzadeh H, Parvardeh S, Asl MN, Sadeghnia HR, Ziaee T. Effect of thymoquinone and Nigella sativa seeds oil on lipid peroxidation level during global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat hippocampus. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2007; 14:621-7. [PMID: 17291733 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2006.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2004] [Accepted: 09/01/2006] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
It has been previously reported that Nigella sativa oil (NSO) and thymoquinone (TQ), active constituent of N. sativa seeds oil, may prevent oxidative injury in various models. Therefore, we considered the possible effect of TQ and NSO on lipid peroxidation level following cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) in rat hippocampus. Male NMRI rats were divided into nine groups, namely, sham, control, ischemia and ischemia treated with NSO or TQ. TQ (2.5, 5 and 10 mg/kg), NSO (0.048, 0.192 and 0.384 mg/kg), phenytoin (50 mg/kg, as positive control) and saline (10 ml/kg, as negative control) were injected intraperitoneally immediately after reperfusion and the administration was continued every 24h for 72 h after induction of ischemia. The transient global cerebral ischemia was induced using four-vessel-occlusion method for 20 min. Lipid peroxidation level in hippocampus portion was measured as malondialdehyde (MDA) based on its reaction with thiobarbituric acid (TBA) following ischemic insult. The transient global cerebral ischemia induced a significant increase in TBA reactive substances (TBARS) level (p<0.001), in comparison with sham-operated animal. Pretreatment with TQ and NSO were resulted a significant decrease in MDA level as compared with ischemic group (66.9+/-1.5 vs. 297+/-2.5 nmol/g tissue for TQ, 10 mg/kg; p<0.001 and 153.5+/-1.3 nmol/g tissue for NSO, 0.384 mg/kg; p<0.001). Using a reversed-phase HPLC system, the amount of TQ in NSO was also quantified and was 0.58% w/w. These results suggest that TQ and NSO may have protective effects on lipid peroxidation process during IRI in rat hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 1365-91775, Mashhad, IR Iran.
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92
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Lee YG, Byeon SE, Kim JY, Lee JY, Rhee MH, Hong S, Wu JC, Lee HS, Kim MJ, Cho DH, Cho JY. Immunomodulatory effect of Hibiscus cannabinus extract on macrophage functions. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2007; 113:62-71. [PMID: 17604925 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2007.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2006] [Revised: 04/07/2007] [Accepted: 04/24/2007] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Hibiscus cannabinus L. (Malvaceae) (known as Kenaf) has long been used as a folk medicine in India and Africa for the treatment of blood and throat disorders, bilious conditions, fever and puerperium. In this study, therefore, we aimed either to demonstrate its ethnopharmacological activity by examining its macrophage function-regulating effects or to expand its therapeutic efficacy into other macrophage-mediated diseases. The total crude extract (EtOH extract) of Hibiscus cannabinus fresh leaves, prepared with 80% ethanol, significantly suppressed TNF-alpha production and the mRNA expression of interleukin (IL)-3 and IL-12 in the RAW264.7 cells, stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 2.5 microg/ml). The secretion of inflammatory mediators (i.e., nitric oxide [NO], reactive oxygen species [ROS] and prostaglandin E(2) [PGE(2)]) was diminished by the EtOH extract. The extract induced the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) mRNA, a potent cytoprotective molecule. The Kenaf extract suppressed both the phagocytic uptake and the expression of costimulatory molecules (CD80 and CD86) of LPS-activated RAW264.7 cells. It is interesting that Kenaf also down-regulated both the functional activation of beta1-integrin (CD29) and the LPS-induced up-regulation of the surface CD29 level. Taken together, these data suggest that Kenaf may be able to modulate macrophage-mediated responses and that some of the activities may contribute to expand its therapeutic usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Gyu Lee
- School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Hyoja-2-dong, Chuncheon 200-701, South Korea
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93
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Sayed-Ahmed MM, Nagi MN. Thymoquinone supplementation prevents the development of gentamicin-induced acute renal toxicity in rats. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2007; 34:399-405. [PMID: 17439407 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2007.04560.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
1. The present study investigated the possible protective effects of thymoquinone (TQ), a compound derived from Nigella sativa with strong anti-oxidant properties, against gentamicin (GM)-induced nephrotoxicity. 2. A total of 40 adult male Wistar albino rats was divided into four groups. Rats in the first group were injected daily with normal saline (2.5 mL/kg, i.p.) for 8 consecutive days, whereas rats in the second group received TQ (50 mg/L in drinking water) for 8 consecutive days. Animals in the third group were injected daily with GM (80 mg/kg, i.p.) for 8 consecutive days, whereas animals in the fourth group received a combination of GM (80 mg/kg, i.p.) and TQ (50 mg/L in drinking water) for 8 consecutive days. 3. Gentamicin resulted in a significant increase in serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) and total nitrate/nitrite (NOx) and a significant decrease in reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT) and ATP levels in kidney tissues. 4. Interestingly, TQ supplementation resulted in a complete reversal of the GM-induced increase in BUN, creatinine, TBARS and NOx and decrease in GSH, GPx, CAT and ATP to control values. Moreover, histopathological examination of kidney tissues confirmed the biochemical data, wherein TQ supplementation prevents GM-induced degenerative changes in kidney tissues. 5. Data from the present study suggest that TQ supplementation prevents the development of GM-induced acute renal failure by a mechanism related, at least in part, to its ability to decrease oxidative stress and to preserve the activity of the anti-oxidant enzymes, as well as it ability to prevent the energy decline in kidney tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M Sayed-Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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94
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Lee YG, Kim JY, Lee JY, Byeon SE, Hong EK, Lee J, Rhee MH, Park HJ, Cho JY. Regulatory effects of Codonopsis lanceolata on macrophage-mediated immune responses. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2007; 112:180-8. [PMID: 17418512 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2007.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2006] [Revised: 02/12/2007] [Accepted: 02/26/2007] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Codonopsis lanceolata L. has long been used as a folk medicine in Korea, Japan and China for the treatment of lung inflammatory diseases. In this study, therefore, we aimed to demonstrate its ethnopharmacological activity by examining macrophage-function regulating effects. The total methanol extracts of fresh leaves (l-TME) or roots (r-TME) of Codonopsis lanceolata L. significantly suppressed the production of pro-inflammatory mediators (nitric oxide [NO] and tumor necrosis factor [TNF-alpha]) without altering mRNA levels. The expression of interleukin (IL)-3 and IL-6, however, was strongly diminished. According to the analysis of signaling enzyme activation by immunoblotting, phospho-IkappaB levels, a representative pro-inflammatory gene activation pathway, were not affected by the TMEs. By contrast, the Raf-ERK signaling pathway, which was involved in regulation of post-translational modification of pro-inflammatory gene products, was strongly blocked after 6-h of exposure. Moreover, l-TME down-regulated LPS-mediated phagocytic uptake and CD29-mediated cell-cell adhesion, while r-TME strongly up-regulated these two cellular events as well as fibronectin-cell adhesion. The surface levels of the costimulatory molecules (CD80 and CD86) of RAW264.7 cells were also enhanced by these extracts. l-TME also diminished functional activation (assessed by NO production) and the surface level of dectin-1, but not toll-like receptor (TLR)-2. Taken together, these data suggest that Codonopsis lanceolata may have the ability to modulate macrophage-mediated immune responses, thus contributing to its anti-inflammatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Gyu Lee
- School of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, South Korea
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95
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Monteiro MVB, de Melo Leite AKR, Bertini LM, de Morais SM, Nunes-Pinheiro DCS. Topical anti-inflammatory, gastroprotective and antioxidant effects of the essential oil of Lippia sidoides Cham. leaves. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2007; 111:378-82. [PMID: 17254726 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2006.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2005] [Revised: 11/12/2006] [Accepted: 11/30/2006] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Lippia sidoides in Northeastern Brazil is widely used in the social medicine program named "Live Pharmacies" run by the municipal governments of country towns, to help poor people with phytotherapy, performed with local plants that are inexpensive but very effective. This plant is mainly used as a general antiseptic due to its strong action against many microorganisms. In order to evaluate the action spectrum of this plant, pharmacological studies were performed on acute toxicity, topical inflammation and ethanol-induced gastric lesions in mice, using the leaf essential oil (EO) of Lippia sidoides. The topical application of EO at doses of 1 and 10mg/ear, respectively, significantly reduced (P<0.05) in 45.93 and 35.26% the acute ear edema induced by 12-otetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA). The gastroprotective effect was demonstrated by oral pretreatment with EO at doses of 10, 50 and 100mg/kg, which, respectively, significantly inhibited (P<0.05) by 58.33, 45.83 and 41.66% the damage produced by ethanol, but altered neither the weight nor the protein gastric mucus induced by ethanol administration. This study confirmed the great potential of this plant for medicinal proposals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vivina Barros Monteiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Estadual do Ceará (UECE), Av. Paranjana, 1700, CEP 60740-000, Campus do Itaperi, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
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96
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97
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Al-Majed AA, Al-Omar FA, Nagi MN. Neuroprotective effects of thymoquinone against transient forebrain ischemia in the rat hippocampus. Eur J Pharmacol 2006; 543:40-7. [PMID: 16828080 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2006.05.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2005] [Revised: 04/07/2006] [Accepted: 05/19/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence demonstrates that oxidative stress plays an important role in brain injury in experimental models of brain ischemia. Thymoquinone, the main constituents of the volatile oil from Negella sativa seeds, is reported to possess strong antioxidant properties. Hence, the present study was undertaken to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of thymoquinone against transient forebrain ischemia-induced neuronal damage in the rat hippocampus. Rats were divided randomly into five groups: control, sham, ischemia, thymoquinone and ischemia+thymoquinone. Transient forebrain ischemia was induced with bilateral occlusion of both common carotid arteries for 10 min followed by 7 days of reperfusion. Thymoquinone was administered (5 mg/kg/day p.o.) 5 days before ischemia and continued during the reperfusion time. Animals were sacrificed, and brain tissues were isolated for histopathological examination. Hippocampal tissues were also used for determination of malondialdehyde levels, an end product of lipid peroxidation; glutathione (GSH) levels, a key antioxidant and the activities of the antioxidant enzymes catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Thymoquinone and its metabolite thymohydroquinone were tested as inhibitors of the in vitro non-enzymatic lipid peroxidation induced by iron-ascorbate in the hippocampal homogenate. Forebrain ischemia-reperfusion neural injury in rats was demonstrated by histopathological observation, which revealed significant neural cell death in the hippocampus CA1 area 7 days post-ischemia (77% cell loss). Additionally, forebrain ischemia-reperfusion oxidative injury in rats was demonstrated by a significant increase in malondialdehyde and a significant decrease in GSH contents, catalase and SOD activities in the hippocampal tissue compared to the control or sham-operated groups. Pretreatment of thymoquinone attenuated forebrain ischemia-induced neuronal damage manifested by significantly decreasing the number of dead hippocampal neuronal cells (24% in thymoquinone-treated versus 77% for ischemia, P<0.001), which confirm the protective role of thymoquinone in ischemia-reperfusion injury. Also, pretreatment of ischemic rats with thymoquinone decreased the elevated levels of malondialdehyde and increased GSH contents, catalase and SOD activities to normal levels. Thymoquinone and thymohydroquinone inhibited the in vitro non-enzymatic lipid peroxidation in hippocampal homogenate induced by iron-ascorbate. The IC50 for thymoquinone and thymohydroquinone were found to be 12 and 3 microM respectively. This suggests that the protection of thymoquinone and its metabolite involve increased resistance to oxidative stress. In conclusion, thymoquinone is effective in protecting rats against transient forebrain ischemia-induced damage in the rat hippocampus. This spectacular protection makes thymoquinone a promising agent in pathologies implicating neurodegenaration such as cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulhakeem A Al-Majed
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
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98
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Benkaci-Ali F, Baaliouamer A, Meklati BY. Kinetic Study of Microwave Extraction of Essential Oil of Nigella sativa L. Seeds. Chromatographia 2006. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-006-0004-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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99
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Al-Saleh IA, Billedo G, El-Doush II. Levels of selenium, dl-α-tocopherol, dl-γ-tocopherol, all-trans-retinol, thymoquinone and thymol in different brands of Nigella sativa seeds. J Food Compost Anal 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2005.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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100
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Lee HJ, Hyun EA, Yoon WJ, Kim BH, Rhee MH, Kang HK, Cho JY, Yoo ES. In vitro anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects of Cinnamomum camphora extracts. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2006; 103:208-16. [PMID: 16182479 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2005.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2005] [Revised: 08/04/2005] [Accepted: 08/05/2005] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Cinnamomum camphora Sieb (Lauraceae) has long been prescribed in traditional medicine for the treatment of inflammation-related diseases such as rheumatism, sprains, bronchitis and muscle pains. In this study, therefore, we aimed to investigate the inhibitory effects of Cinnamomum camphora on various inflammatory phenomena to explore its potential anti-inflammatory mechanisms under non-cytotoxic (less than 100 microg/ml) conditions. The total crude extract (100 microg/ml) prepared with 80% methanol (MeOH extract) and its fractions (100 microg/ml) obtained by solvent partition with hexane and ethyl acetate (EtOAc) significantly blocked the production of interleukin (IL)-1 beta, IL-6 and the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha from RAW264.7 cells stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) up to 20-70%. The hexane and EtOAc extracts (100 microg/ml) also inhibited nitric oxide (NO) production in LPS/interferon (IFN)-gamma-activated macrophages by 65%. The MeOH extract (100 microg/ml) as well as two fractions (100 microg/ml) prepared by solvent partition with n-butanol (BuOH) and EtOAc strongly suppressed the prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) production in LPS/IFN-gamma-activated macrophages up to 70%. It is interesting to note that hexane, BuOH and EtOAc extracts (100 microg/ml) also inhibited the functional activation of beta1-integrins (CD29) assessed by U937 homotypic aggregation up to 70-80%. Furthermore, EtOAc and BuOH extracts displayed strong anti-oxidative activity with IC(50) values of 14 and 15 microM, respectively, when tested by the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and xanthine oxide (XO) assays. Taken together, these data suggest that the anti-inflammatory actions of Cinnamomum camphora may be due to the modulation of cytokine, NO and PGE(2) production and oxidative stress, and of the subfractions tested, the EtOAc extract may be further studied to isolate the active anti-inflammatory principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Ja Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Cheju National University, Ara-1 dong, Jeju 690-756, South Korea
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