51
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Zhang L, Wang M, Shen Y, Ma Y, Luo J. Improvement of steroid biotransformation with hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin induced complexation. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2009; 159:642-54. [PMID: 19189059 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-008-8499-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2008] [Accepted: 12/16/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The inclusion complexes induced by cyclodextrins and its derivates have been shown previously to enhance the biotransformation of hydrophobic compounds. Using hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HP-beta-CD; 20% w/v), the water solubility of cortisone acetate increased from 0.039 to 7.382 g L(-1) at 32 degrees C. The solubilization effect of HP-beta-CD was far superior to dimethylformamide (DMF) and ethanol. The dissolution rate also significantly increased in the presence of HP-beta-CD. The enzymatic stability of Delta(1)-dehydrogenase from Arthrobacter simplex TCCC 11037 was not influenced by the increasing concentrations of HP-beta-CD contrary to the organic cosolvents which negatively influenced in the order DMF > ethanol. The activity inhibition effect caused by HP-beta-CD was not so conspicuous as ethanol and DMF. Inactivation constants of ethanol, DMF, and HP-beta-CD were 5.832, 4.541, and 1.216, respectively. The inactivation energy (E (a)) was in the order of HP-beta-CD (55.1 kJ mol(-1)) > ethanol (39.9 kJ mol(-1)) > DMF (37.1 kJ mol(-1)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Liting Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
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52
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Candida rugosa Lipase Supported on High Crystallinity Chitosan as Biocatalyst for the Synthesis of 1-Butyl Oleate. Catal Letters 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-009-9857-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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53
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54
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55
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Beliaeva AV, Smirnova IA, Lysogorskaia EN, Oksenoĭt ES, Timofeeva AV, Lozinskiĭ VI, Filippova II. [Biocatalytic properties of thermolysin immobilized on polyvinyl alcohol cryogel]. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2008; 34:487-94. [PMID: 18695721 DOI: 10.1134/s1068162008040079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Preparations with different contents of thermolysin were obtained by the immobilization of the enzyme on granulated polyvinyl alcohol cryogel. Their activity and stability in an aqueous medium and in mixtures of polar organic solvents of different composition were investigated. The catalytic properties of the preparations in reactions of peptide bond formation were studied, and the optimal amount of the biocatalyst, the concentrations of initial reagents, and the ratios of organic solvents and water necessary for effective enzymatic peptide synthesis catalyzed by immobilized thermolysin were determined. A series of peptides of the general formula Z-Ala-Ala-Xaa-pNA, where Xaa = Leu, Ile, Phe, Val, or Ala, were synthesized, and the immobilized enzyme was shown to retain substrate specificity in an organic medium.
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56
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Selective esterification of phthalic acids in two ionic liquids at high temperatures using a thermostable lipase of Bacillus thermocatenulatus: A comparative study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2007.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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57
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Whole cell microbial transformation in cloud point system. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2008; 35:645-56. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-008-0345-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2007] [Revised: 02/15/2008] [Accepted: 03/20/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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58
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Gumí T, Fernandez-Delgado Albacete J, Paolucci-Jeanjean D, Belleville MP, Rios GM. Study of the influence of the hydrodynamic parameters on the performance of an enzymatic membrane reactor. J Memb Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2007.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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59
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Biasutti MA, Abuin EB, Silber JJ, Correa NM, Lissi EA. Kinetics of reactions catalyzed by enzymes in solutions of surfactants. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2008; 136:1-24. [PMID: 17706582 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2007.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2006] [Revised: 06/30/2007] [Accepted: 07/02/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The effect of surfactants, both in water-in-oil microemulsions (hydrated reverse micelles) and aqueous solutions upon enzymatic processes is reviewed, with special emphasis on the effect of the surfactant upon the kinetic parameters of the process. Differences and similarities between processes taking place in aqueous and organic solvents are highlighted, and the main models currently employed to interpret the results are briefly discussed.
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60
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Yu HL, Xu JH, Wang YX, Lu WY, Lin GQ. Assembly of a three-dimensional array of glycoconjugates by combinatorial biocatalysis in nonaqueous media. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 10:79-87. [PMID: 18062672 DOI: 10.1021/cc7001606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Glycoconjugates can be artificially synthesized by combinatorial biocatalysis. An example is given in this paper describing the construction of glycoconjugates array by using glycosidase and lipase in nonaqueous media. This array was started from glucose, with three aryl alcohols as the aglycone moiety of glycosides and five acids or esters as acyl donors for combinatorial acylation of glycosides, affording a three-dimensional array containing about 30 members with diverse structures. The array would be more abundant if more aglycones and acyl donors with other structures were filled in. Indeed, diverse classes of carbohydrates besides glucose can also be employed for generating diverse glycoconjugates due to their different roles in numerous physiological responses. The composition and distribution of the demonstration glycoconjugates array was detected and evaluated by HPLC-MS with electrospray ionization. And also, the distribution of the artificial array can be adjusted by changing the molar ratio of the auxiliary materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Lei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P.R. China.
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61
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Wang Z. The potential of cloud point system as a novel two-phase partitioning system for biotransformation. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2007; 75:1-10. [PMID: 17318534 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-007-0873-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2006] [Revised: 01/26/2007] [Accepted: 01/29/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Although the extractive biotransformation in two-phase partitioning systems have been studied extensively, such as the water-organic solvent two-phase system, the aqueous two-phase system, the reverse micelle system, and the room temperature ionic liquid, etc., this has not yet resulted in a widespread industrial application. Based on the discussion of the main obstacles, an exploitation of a cloud point system, which has already been applied in a separation field known as a cloud point extraction, as a novel two-phase partitioning system for biotransformation, is reviewed by analysis of some topical examples. At the end of the review, the process control and downstream processing in the application of the novel two-phase partitioning system for biotransformation are also briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhilong Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, PR China.
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62
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Yeates C, Krieg H, Breytenbach J. Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin induced complexation for the biocatalytic resolution of a poorly soluble epoxide. Enzyme Microb Technol 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2006.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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63
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McConnell O, Bach A, Balibar C, Byrne N, Cai Y, Carter G, Chlenov M, Di L, Fan K, Goljer I, He Y, Herold D, Kagan M, Kerns E, Koehn F, Kraml C, Marathias V, Marquez B, McDonald L, Nogle L, Petucci C, Schlingmann G, Tawa G, Tischler M, Williamson RT, Sutherland A, Watts W, Young M, Zhang MY, Zhang Y, Zhou D, Ho D. Enantiomeric separation and determination of absolute stereochemistry of asymmetric molecules in drug discovery—Building chiral technology toolboxes. Chirality 2007; 19:658-82. [PMID: 17390370 DOI: 10.1002/chir.20399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The application of Chiral Technology, or the (extensive) use of techniques or tools for the determination of absolute stereochemistry and the enantiomeric or chiral separation of racemic small molecule potential lead compounds, has been critical to successfully discovering and developing chiral drugs in the pharmaceutical industry. This has been due to the rapid increase over the past 10-15 years in potential drug candidates containing one or more asymmetric centers. Based on the experiences of one pharmaceutical company, a summary of the establishment of a Chiral Technology toolbox, including the implementation of known tools as well as the design, development, and implementation of new Chiral Technology tools, is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver McConnell
- Wyeth Research, Chemical and Screening Sciences, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA.
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64
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Mora-Pale JM, Pérez-Munguía S, González-Mejía JC, Dordick JS, Bárzana E. The lipase-catalyzed hydrolysis of lutein diesters in non-aqueous media is favored at extremely low water activities. Biotechnol Bioeng 2007; 98:535-42. [PMID: 17724756 DOI: 10.1002/bit.21417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The enzymatic hydrolysis of a mixture of lutein diesters from Marigold flower (Tagetes erecta) was performed both in organic solvents and supercritical CO(2) (SC-CO(2)) using two commercial lipases: lipase B from Candida antarctica (Novozym 435) and the lipase from Mucor miehei (Lipozyme RM IM). Both lipases showed an unexpected dependence of initial reaction rate with the initial water activity (a(wi)) in hexane, with the highest rates of hydrolysis taking place at the lowest a(wi) of the biocatalyst particles. The same result was observed using isooctane, toluene, or SC-CO(2). It is proposed that an increase in a(wi) generates a hydrophilic microenvironment that prevents efficient partitioning of the highly hydrophobic lutein diesters to the enzyme. The critical role of water in this system has not been reported for other hydrolytic reactions in low water media. Calculations of water available for hydrolysis from isotherm analysis, Karl-Fischer titration, and substrate conversion at a(wi) = 0.13, indicate that the extent of reaction is not limited by the amount of available water. Accordingly, the enzyme that holds the largest amount of water after prehydration at the same a(wi) (0.13) will yield the greatest substrate conversion and concentration of the free lutein product. The highest conversion occurred in SC-CO(2), which opens up new opportunities to develop a combined extraction-reaction process for the environmentally benign synthesis of lutein, an important nutraceutical compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Mauricio Mora-Pale
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Química, Departamento de Alimentos y Biotecnología, Lab-314, Ciudad Universitaria, México, DF, México
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65
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Stepanova EV, Landesman EO, Fedorova TV, Yakovleva KE, Koroleva OV. Comparison of the efficiency of polygalacturonase and β-glucosidase enzyme preparations in stabilization of cherry plum wine material. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2006. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683806060123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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66
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Lipase biocatalytic processes in surfactant free microemulsion-like ternary systems and related organogels. Enzyme Microb Technol 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2005.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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67
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68
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Zooglan, an extracellular acidic polysaccharide isolated from Zoogloea ramigera 115 as a novel catalytic carbohydrate for methanolysis. Carbohydr Polym 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2005.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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69
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Barahona D, Pfromm PH, Rezac ME. Effect of water activity on the lipase catalyzed esterification of geraniol in ionic liquid [bmim]PF6. Biotechnol Bioeng 2006; 93:318-24. [PMID: 16196056 DOI: 10.1002/bit.20723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Enzymatic reactions in non-aqueous media have been shown to be effective in carrying out chemical transformation where the reactants are insoluble in water or water is a byproduct limiting conversion. Ionic liquids, liquid organic salts with infinitesimal vapor pressure, are potentially useful alternatives to organic solvents. It is known that the thermodynamic water activity is an important variable affecting the activity of enzymes in non-aqueous solvents. This study investigated the influence of water activity on the esterification of geraniol with acetic acid in ionic liquid [bmim]PF6 catalyzed by immobilized Candida antarctica lipase B. The conversion of geraniol in [bmim]PF6 was significant although the reaction rate was slower than in organic solvents. The profile of initial reaction rate-water activity was determined experimentally, and differed from the data reported for other non-aqueous solvents. A maximum in the initial reaction rate was found at aw = 0.6. The pseudo reaction equilibrium constant, Kx, was measured experimentally for the reaction. The average value of Kx in [bmim]PF6 was 12, 20-fold lower than the value reported for the same system in hexane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donifan Barahona
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kansas State University, Durland Hall 105, Manhattan, Kansas 66506-5102, USA
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70
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Gavrilescu M, Chisti Y. Biotechnology-a sustainable alternative for chemical industry. Biotechnol Adv 2006; 23:471-99. [PMID: 15919172 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2005.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 279] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2004] [Revised: 03/23/2005] [Accepted: 03/23/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
This review outlines the current and emerging applications of biotechnology, particularly in the production and processing of chemicals, for sustainable development. Biotechnology is "the application of scientific and engineering principles to the processing of materials by biological agents". Some of the defining technologies of modern biotechnology include genetic engineering; culture of recombinant microorganisms, cells of animals and plants; metabolic engineering; hybridoma technology; bioelectronics; nanobiotechnology; protein engineering; transgenic animals and plants; tissue and organ engineering; immunological assays; genomics and proteomics; bioseparations and bioreactor technologies. Environmental and economic benefits that biotechnology can offer in manufacturing, monitoring and waste management are highlighted. These benefits include the following: greatly reduced dependence on nonrenewable fuels and other resources; reduced potential for pollution of industrial processes and products; ability to safely destroy accumulated pollutants for remediation of the environment; improved economics of production; and sustainable production of existing and novel products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Gavrilescu
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Management, Faculty of Industrial Chemistry, Technical University Iasi, 71 Mangeron Blvd, 700050 Iasi, Romania.
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71
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Kim HJ, Youn SH, Shin CS. Lipase-catalyzed synthesis of sorbitol-fatty acid esters at extremely high substrate concentrations. J Biotechnol 2005; 123:174-84. [PMID: 16356573 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2005.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2005] [Revised: 11/04/2005] [Accepted: 11/09/2005] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Lipase-catalyzed synthesis of sorbitol-fatty acid esters was performed in eutectic media with extremely high substrate concentrations. Homogeneous eutectic melts of sorbitol and fatty acids of C6-C16 were prepared using an adjuvant mixture. Enhanced homogeneity of mixtures was confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis. The substrate concentration was 3.63-6.67 M in the eutectic media, whereas in organic media the concentration was below 0.10 M. Esters were synthesized with an immobilized Candida antarctica lipase, and optimum conditions were analyzed. Compared to reactions in organic media, the initial reaction rate of ester synthesis and the overall productivity were significantly enhanced in eutectic media while the conversion yields were similar. Based on the kinetic analysis, highly viscous eutectic media were shown to influence the initial reaction rate and the apparent activation energy resulting in diffusion limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jung Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering, Yonsei University, 134 Shinchon-dong, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, South Korea
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72
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73
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High cleavage specificity of a subtilisin-like protease from a hyperthermophilic archaeon under extreme conditions. Enzyme Microb Technol 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2005.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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74
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Belyaeva AV, Bacheva AV, Oksenoit ES, Lysogorskaya EN, Lozinskii VI, Filippova IY. Peptide Synthesis in Organic Media with the Use of Subtilisin 72 Immobilized on a Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) Cryogel. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/s11171-005-0072-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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75
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76
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Kang IJ, Pfromm PH, Rezac ME. Real time measurement and control of thermodynamic water activities for enzymatic catalysis in hexane. J Biotechnol 2005; 119:147-54. [PMID: 15941606 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2005.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2004] [Revised: 04/06/2005] [Accepted: 04/12/2005] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The esterification reaction of geraniol with acetic acid catalyzed by immobilized Candida antarctica lipase B was studied in hexane using a pervaporation-assisted batch reactor. The effect of thermodynamic water activity (a(w)) on the initial reaction rate was investigated at a(w) ranging from 0.02 to 1.0. The a(w) was monitored on-line in real time. a(w) was actively controlled throughout the reaction by using highly water-selective membrane pervaporation. This novel combination of a(w) sensing and control eliminates changes in a(w) during the reaction even in the initial phase of relatively rapid water release during an esterification. No chemicals are introduced for a(w) control, and no purge gases or liquids are needed. A maximum in the initial reaction rate was found approximately at a(w)=0.1. The initial reaction rate declined quickly at higher a(w), and dropped precipitously at lower a(w).
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Affiliation(s)
- I J Kang
- Kansas State University, Department of Chemical Engineering, 105 Durland Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506-5102, USA
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77
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Vidinha P, Augusto V, Almeida M, Fonseca I, Fidalgo A, Ilharco L, Cabral JMS, Barreiros S. Sol-gel encapsulation: an efficient and versatile immobilization technique for cutinase in non-aqueous media. J Biotechnol 2005; 121:23-33. [PMID: 16095741 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2005.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2005] [Revised: 06/22/2005] [Accepted: 06/27/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Cutinase from Fusarium solani pisi was encapsulated in sol-gel matrices prepared with a combination of alkyl-alkoxysilane precursors of different chain-lengths. The specific activity of cutinase in a model transesterification reaction at fixed water activity in n-hexane was highest for the precursor combination tetramethoxysilane/n-butyltrimetoxysilane (TMOS/BTMS) in a 1:5 ratio, lower and higher chain lengths of the mono-alkylated precursor or decreasing proportions of the latter relative to TMOS leading to lower enzyme activity. Results obtained using combinations of three precursors confirmed the beneficial effect of the presence of BTMS in the preparations. Scanning electron microscopy of the 1:5 TMOS/n-alkylTMS gels showed a direct correlation between the macropore dimensions and the alkyl chain length of the alkylated precursor and revealed that TMOS/n-octylTMS gels suffered extensive pore collapse during the drying process. The specific activity of TMOS/BTMS sol-gel entrapped cutinase was similar to that exhibited by the enzyme immobilized by adsorption on zeolite NaY. However, the incorporation of different additives (zeolites, silica, Biogel, grinded sol-gel, etc.) having in common the capability to react with residual silanol groups of the sol-gel matrix brought about remarkable enhancements of cutinase activity, despite the fact that the global porosity of the gels did not change. The behavior of the gels in supercritical CO 2 (sc-CO 2) paralleled that exhibited in n-hexane, although cutinase activity was ca. one order of magnitude lower (i.e. sol-gel encapsulation did not prevent the deleterious effect of CO 2. The impact that functionalization of some of the additives had on cutinase activity indicates that the enzyme/matrix interactions must play an important role. Some of the best additives from the standpoint of enzyme activity were also the best from the standpoint of its operational stability (ca. 80% retention of enzyme activity at the tenth reutilization cycle). None of the additives that proved effective for cutinase could improve the catalytic activity of sol-gel encapsulated Pseudomonas cepacia lipase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Vidinha
- REQUIMTE/CQFB, Departamento de Química, FCT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.
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78
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Garcia S, Vidinha P, Arvana H, Gomes da Silva MD, Ferreira MO, Cabral JM, Macedo EA, Harper N, Barreiros S. Cutinase activity in supercritical and organic media: water activity, solvation and acid–base effects. J Supercrit Fluids 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2004.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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79
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80
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Kumar R, Modak J, Madras G. Effect of the chain length of the acid on the enzymatic synthesis of flavors in supercritical carbon dioxide. Biochem Eng J 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2005.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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81
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Bacheva AV, Belyaeva AV, Lysogorskaya EN, Oksenoit ES, Lozinsky VI, Filippova IY. Biocatalytic properties of native and immobilized subtilisin 72 in aqueous-organic and low water media. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2004.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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82
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Kreiner M, Parker MC. High-activity biocatalysts in organic media: solid-state buffers as the immobilisation matrix for protein-coated microcrystals. Biotechnol Bioeng 2005; 87:24-33. [PMID: 15211485 DOI: 10.1002/bit.20101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Recently, we reported a new high-activity biocatalyst for use in organic media termed protein-coated microcrystals (PCMC) (Kreiner et al. [2001] Chem Commun 12:1096-1097). These novel particles consist of water-soluble micron-sized crystalline particles coated with the given biocatalyst(s) and are prepared in a one-step rapid dehydration process. In this study we extended the choice of immobilisation matrix from a simple inorganic salt, K(2)SO(4), to other compounds, both inorganic and zwitterionic, that act as solid-state buffers for biocatalysis in organic media. The catalytic activity of serine proteases subtilisin Carlsberg (SC) and alpha-chymotrypsin (CT) were significantly increased when coated onto the surface of solid-state buffers, as measured in acetonitrile/1wt% H(2)O. SC-PCMC with both organic and inorganic buffer carriers (Na-AMPSO, Na(2)CO(3), and NaHCO(3)) showed a 3-fold greater activity than that observed when using the unbuffered system (PCMC-SC/K(2)SO(4)). In comparison with freeze-dried preparations, this represents an approximately 3,000-fold increase in catalytic activity. Importantly, there is no improvement in catalytic activity upon external addition of any of the solid-state buffers to the reaction mixture. When acting in a solid-state buffer capacity, good buffering capacity was observed with SC-PCMC (3 wt% protein loading) prepared from a 1:1 mixture of AMPSO and AMPSO-Na. Alternatively, increasing the amount of solid-state buffer in the system allows improvement of the buffering. This can be achieved either by decreasing the protein loading of the SC/Na-AMPSO-PCMC or by addition of further external solid-state buffer to the reaction mixture. The catalytic activity of lipase-PCMC prepared from solid-state buffers was found less responsive to immobilisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Kreiner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Joseph Black Building, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland, UK.
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83
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Bučko M, Vikartovská A, Lacík I, Kolláriková G, Gemeiner P, Pätoprstý V, Brygin M. Immobilization of a whole-cell epoxide-hydrolyzing biocatalyst in sodium alginate−cellulose sulfate−poly(methylene-co-guanidine) capsules using a controlled encapsulation process. Enzyme Microb Technol 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2004.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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84
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Sagiroglu A, Telefoncu A. Immobilization of Lipases on Different Carriers and Their Use in Synthesis of Pentyl Isovalerates. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2004; 34:169-78. [PMID: 15195711 DOI: 10.1081/pb-120030875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Porcine pancreatic lipase (PPL) and Candida cylindracea lipase (CCL) were immobilized on Celite and Amberlite IRA 938 by deposition from the aqueous solution by the addition of hexane. The influence of the immobilization on the activities of the immobilized lipase derivatives has been studied. The immobilized lipases were used in synthesis of pentyl isovalerates. Various reaction parameters affecting the synthesis of pentyl isovalerates were investigated. The reaction rates were compared with the rates of esterification with free lipases. The immobilized lipases were found to be very effective in the esterification reaction. The lipases immobilized on Celite 545 exhibited better operational stabilities than that of immobilized on Amberlite IRA-938.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayten Sagiroglu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Letter, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey.
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85
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Hayes DG. Enzyme-Catalyzed modification of oilseed materials to produce eco-friendly products. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2004. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-004-1024-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Douglas G. Hayes
- ; Department of Biosystems Engineering and Environmental Science; University of Tennessee; 2506 E.J. Chapman Dr. 37996-4531 Knoxville TN
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86
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Illanes A, Anjarı́ M, Altamirano C, Aguirre C. Optimization of cephalexin synthesis with immobilized penicillin acylase in ethylene glycol medium at low temperatures. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2004.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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87
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Falcone RD, Biasutti MA, Correa NM, Silber JJ, Lissi E, Abuin E. Effect of the addition of a nonaqueous polar solvent (glycerol) on enzymatic catalysis in reverse micelles. Hydrolysis of 2-naphthyl acetate by alpha-chymotrypsin. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2004; 20:5732-7. [PMID: 16459586 DOI: 10.1021/la036243x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The kinetics of hydrolysis of 2-naphthyl acetate (2-NA) catalyzed by alpha-chymotrypsin (alpha-CT), in reverse micellar solutions formed by glycerol (GY)-water (38% v/v) mixture/sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate (AOT)/n-heptane has been determined by spectroscopic measurements. To compare the efficiency of this reaction with that observed in micelles with water in the core, as well as in the corresponding homogeneous media, the reaction was also studied in water/AOT/n-heptane reverse micellar solutions and in both homogeneous media (water and GY-water, 38% v/v mixture). In every media, alpha-CT was characterized by the absorption and emission spectra, the fluorescence lifetimes, and the fluorescence anisotropy of its tryptophan residues. The effect of AOT concentration on the kinetic parameters obtained in the micellar systems was determined, at a constant molar ratio of the inner polar solvent and surfactant. Moreover, the data obtained allowed the evaluation of the 2-NA partition constant between the organic and the micellar pseudophase. It is shown that the addition of GY to the micelle interior results in an increase in the catalytic properties of alpha-CT. The fluorescence anisotropy studies in the different media show that the addition of GY increases the viscosity as compared with the aqueous systems. It seems that the GY addition to the reverse micellar aggregates results in a decrease of the conformational mobility of alpha-CT, which leads to an increase of the enzyme stability and activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Darío Falcone
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Agencia Postal N 3 (5800) Río Cuarto, Argentina
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88
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Adamczak M, Bednarski W. Enhanced activity of intracellular lipases from Rhizomucor miehei and Yarrowia lipolytica by immobilization on biomass support particles. Process Biochem 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-9592(03)00266-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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89
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Wilson L, Illanes A, Abián O, Pessela BCC, Fernández-Lafuente R, Guisán JM. Co-Aggregation of Penicillin G Acylase and Polyionic Polymers: An Easy Methodology To Prepare Enzyme Biocatalysts Stable in Organic Media. Biomacromolecules 2004; 5:852-7. [PMID: 15132672 DOI: 10.1021/bm0343895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A novel type of biocatalyst that combines the good properties of cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs) and hydrophilic microenvironments has been developed. Dextran sulfate- and polyethyleneimine-coated CLEAs of penicillin acylase (CLEA-GDP) were prepared by adding the polymers of different sizes before the precipitation stage of the enzyme. This study presents the development and optimization of a protocol to produce such a biocatalyst using penicillin acylase as a model. Experiments show that CLEA-GDPs have a highly increased stability in organic media. The average half-life of the preparations was much higher than standard CLEA without a microenvironment (CLEA-G), (e.g., more than 25-fold) in the presence of dioxane. However, their thermal stability was not increased, which leads to the conclusion that the stability of CLEA-GDPs in organic media is due to the hydrophilic microenvironment that surrounds the protein enzyme more than to a conformational stiffening effect. This is further supported by solvation experiments that show a preferential hydration of CLEA when polymers are used to coat the enzyme. CLEA-GDPs are clearly better than other biocatalysts in terms of solvent stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Wilson
- Departamento de Biocatalisis, Instituto de Catalisis, CSIC, Campus UAM, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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90
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Morgan JA, Clark DS. Salt-activation of nonhydrolase enzymes for use in organic solvents. Biotechnol Bioeng 2004; 85:456-9. [PMID: 14755564 DOI: 10.1002/bit.10895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Enzymatic reactions are important for the synthesis of chiral molecules. One factor limiting synthetic applications of enzymes is the poor aqueous solubility of numerous substrates. To overcome this limitation, enzymes can be used directly in organic solvents; however, in nonaqueous media enzymes usually exhibit only a fraction of their aqueous-level activity. Salt-activation, a technique previously demonstrated to substantially increase the transesterification activity of hydrolytic enzymes in organic solvents, was applied to horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase, soybean peroxidase, galactose oxidase, and xanthine oxidase, which are oxidoreductase and oxygenase enzymes. Assays of the lyophilized enzyme preparations demonstrated that the presence of salt protected enzymes from irreversible inactivation. In organic solvents, there were significant increases in activity for the salt-activated enzymes compared to nonsalt-activated controls for every enzyme tested. The increased enzymatic activity in organic solvents was shown to result from a combination of protection against inactivation during the freeze-drying process and other as-yet undetermined factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Morgan
- University of California, Berkeley, 201 Gilman Hall, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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91
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Pàmies O, Bäckvall JE. Combination of enzymes and metal catalysts. A powerful approach in asymmetric catalysis. Chem Rev 2003; 103:3247-62. [PMID: 12914497 DOI: 10.1021/cr020029g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 464] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Pàmies
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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92
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Abstract
Recent developments to modify enzymes for use in organic synthesis have targeted several areas. These include altering the reaction mechanism of the enzyme to catalyse new reactions, switching substrate specificity, expanding substrate specificity, and improving substrate specificity, such as enantioselectivity in kinetic resolutions. Such modifications can be achieved either by rational redesign, which requires knowledge of the enzyme structure, or by random mutagenesis methods followed by screening. Both strategies of enzyme engineering can be successful and are very useful for improving the utility of enzymes for applied catalysis. Several examples illustrating these concepts in a variety of enzyme classes have appeared recently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Hult
- Department of Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), AlbaNova University Center, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
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