1
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Abstract
Marine polycyclic ether natural products have gained significant interest from the chemical community due to their impressively huge molecular architecture and diverse biological functions. The structure assignment of this class of extraordinarily complex natural products has mainly relied on NMR spectroscopic analysis. However, NMR spectroscopic analysis has its own limitations, including configurational assignment of stereogenic centers within conformationally flexible systems. Chemical shift deviation analysis of synthetic model compounds is a reliable means to assign the relative configuration of "difficult" stereogenic centers. The complete configurational assignment must be ultimately established through total synthesis. The aim of this review is to summarize the indispensable role of organic synthesis in stereochemical assignment of marine polycyclic ethers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruhiko Fuwa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan
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2
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Li MY, Gao YH, Zhang JH, Mi L, Zhu XX, Wang F, Zhou XP, Yan YJ, Chen ZL. Synthesis and evaluation of novel fluorinated hematoporphyrin ether derivatives for photodynamic therapy. Bioorg Chem 2021; 107:104528. [PMID: 33357982 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A photosensitizer with high phototoxicity, suitable amphipathy and low dark toxicity could play a pivotal role in photodynamic therapy (PDT). In this study, a facile and versatile approach was adopted to synthesize a series of novel fluorinated hematoporphyrin ether derivatives (I1-I5 and II1-II4), and the photodynamic activities of these compounds were studied. Compared to hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether (HMME), all PSs showed preferable photodynamic activity against A549 lung tumor cells. The longest visible absorption wavelength of these compounds was approximately 622 nm. Among them, II3 revealed the highest singlet oxygen yield (0.0957 min-1), the strongest phototoxicity (IC50 = 1.24 μM), the lowest dark toxicity in vitro, and exhibited excellent anti-tumor effects in vivo. So compound II3 could act as new drug candidate for photodynamic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man-Yi Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, College of Chemistry and Biology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Ying-Hua Gao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, College of Chemistry and Biology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Jia-Hui Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, College of Chemistry and Biology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Le Mi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, College of Chemistry and Biology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Xue-Xue Zhu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, College of Chemistry and Biology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, College of Chemistry and Biology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Xing-Ping Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, College of Chemistry and Biology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Yi-Jia Yan
- Shanghai Xianhui Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Zhi-Long Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, College of Chemistry and Biology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
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3
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Kattner L, Rauch E. Efficient synthesis of 3-TBDMS-11α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 and D 2 ethers. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 200:105638. [PMID: 32097682 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2020.105638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency might cause a wide variety of human disorders. As a prerequisite for appropriate diagnosis and therapy, medicinally relevant vitamin D metabolites have to be assayed most accurately and with high specificity. It has been demonstrated, that vitamin D conjugates, linked via a hydroxyl group at C11, might be promising for the development of highly specific antibodies to be employed in competitive protein binding assays. The connective synthesis of 3-TBDMS-11α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and D2 ethers in 500 mg scale, starting from vitamin D2, is described. For installation of a hydroxyl group at C11 a sequence of Pd(OAc)2 mediated oxidation of an enone, epoxidation and subsequent epoxide ring opening was applied to obtain a suitable CD-ring precursor, that was connected with an A-ring diphenylphosphine oxide by Wittig-Horner reaction. Finally, an appropriate side chain was installed, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Kattner
- Endotherm Life Science Molecules, 66123 Saarbruecken, Germany.
| | - Erik Rauch
- Endotherm Life Science Molecules, 66123 Saarbruecken, Germany
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4
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Abstract
Substoichiometric iron mediates the thioetherification of unactivated aliphatic C-H bonds directed by resident silylperoxides. Upon exposure to a catalytic amount of iron(II) triflate, TIPS-protected peroxides bearing primary, secondary, and tertiary C-H sites undergo chemoselective thioetherification of remote C-H bonds with diaryl disulfides. The reaction demonstrates a broad substrate scope and functional group tolerance without the use of any noble metal additives. Mechanistic experiments suggest that the reaction proceeds through 1,5-H atom abstraction by a hydroxyl radical generated with iron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J. Groendyke
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405-7102, United States
| | - Atanu Modak
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405-7102, United States
| | - Silas P. Cook
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405-7102, United States
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5
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Liu A, Liu M, Yu H, Ou X, Liu X, Ren Y, Long C, Huang L, Yu W, Shi G, Huang M. Discovery of nitropyridyl-based dichloropropene ethers as insecticides. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:1430-1433. [PMID: 30975625 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.12.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A series of nitropyridyl-based dichloropropene ethers were prepared and evaluated for their insecticidal activities against main lepidopteran pests such as M. separate, P. xylostella and P. litura. The compounds showed a broad-spectrum of remarkable insecticidal activities. Especially 4a (2,6-dichloro-4-(3,3-dichloroallyloxy)phenyl 3-[5-nitro-2-pyridyloxy]propyl ether) and 11a (2-(4-(3-(2,6-dichloro-4-((3,3-dichloroallyl)oxy)phenoxy)propoxy)phenoxy)-5-nitropyridine) displayed potent activities comparable to that of Pyridalyl, the only commercialized dichloropropene ether insecticide thus far. The structure-activity relationship was also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiping Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Agrochemicals, Hunan Research Institute of Chemical Industry, Changsha 410007, People's Republic of China; Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Agrochemicals, Changsha 410014, People's Republic of China
| | - Minhua Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Agrochemicals, Hunan Research Institute of Chemical Industry, Changsha 410007, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Yu
- National Engineering Research Center for Agrochemicals, Hunan Research Institute of Chemical Industry, Changsha 410007, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoming Ou
- National Engineering Research Center for Agrochemicals, Hunan Research Institute of Chemical Industry, Changsha 410007, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinping Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Agrochemicals, Hunan Research Institute of Chemical Industry, Changsha 410007, People's Republic of China
| | - Yeguo Ren
- National Engineering Research Center for Agrochemicals, Hunan Research Institute of Chemical Industry, Changsha 410007, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuyun Long
- National Engineering Research Center for Agrochemicals, Hunan Research Institute of Chemical Industry, Changsha 410007, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Huang
- National Engineering Research Center for Agrochemicals, Hunan Research Institute of Chemical Industry, Changsha 410007, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanqi Yu
- National Engineering Research Center for Agrochemicals, Hunan Research Institute of Chemical Industry, Changsha 410007, People's Republic of China; Department of Chemistry, Carleton College, Northfield 55057, United States
| | - Guorong Shi
- College of Sciences, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, People's Republic of China.
| | - Mingzhi Huang
- National Engineering Research Center for Agrochemicals, Hunan Research Institute of Chemical Industry, Changsha 410007, People's Republic of China.
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6
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Abstract
A catalytic method for the synthesis of sterically hindered ethers and thioethers from α-bromo carbonyl compounds and the corresponding nucleophiles using an inexpensive Cu(I) catalytic system is reported. This facile transformation takes place at ambient temperature and does not require the exclusion of air or moisture; thus, it is well-suited for the functionalization and derivatization of complex organic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - László Kürti
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University BioScience Research
Collaborative 6500 Main Street, Rm 380, Houston, TX 77030 (USA)
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7
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Abstract
An enantioselective cross-dehydrogenative coupling (CDC) reaction to access tetrahydropyrans has been developed. This process combines in situ Lewis acid activation of a nucleophile in concert with the oxidative formation of a transient oxocarbenium electrophile, leading to a productive and highly enantioselective CDC. These advances represent one of the first successful applications of CDC for the enantioselective couplings of unfunctionalized ethers. This system provides efficient access to valuable tetrahydropyran motifs found in many natural products and bioactive small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ansoo Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Rick C. Betori
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Erika A. Crane
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Karl A. Scheidt
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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8
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Patel HH, Prater MB, Squire SO, Sigman MS. Formation of Chiral Allylic Ethers via an Enantioselective Palladium-Catalyzed Alkenylation of Acyclic Enol Ethers. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:5895-5898. [PMID: 29665329 PMCID: PMC5968819 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b02751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This report details a palladium-catalyzed process to access highly functionalized, optically active allylic aryl ethers. A number of electron-deficient alkenyl triflates underwent enantioselective and site-selective coupling with acyclic aryl enol ethers in the presence of a chiral palladium catalyst. This transform provides chiral allylic ether products in high yields and excellent enantiomeric ratios, furnishing a unique disconnection to incorporate heteroatoms at a stereocenter. Finally, the applicability of the products to target synthesis was demonstrated through the formation of a chiral allylic alcohol and the generation of a flavone-inspired product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshkumar H. Patel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Matthew B. Prater
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Scott O. Squire
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Matthew S. Sigman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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9
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Kuethe JT, Basu K, Orr RK, Ashley E, Poirier M, Tan L. Development of a stereoselective and scalable process for the preparation of a methylcyclobutanol-pyridyl ether. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:938-944. [PMID: 28751197 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The evolution of a scalable process for the preparation of methylcyclobutanol-pyridyl ether 1 is described. Key aspects of this development including careful control of the stereochemistry, elimination of chromatography, and application to kilogram-scale synthesis are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey T Kuethe
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA.
| | - Kallol Basu
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Robert K Orr
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Eric Ashley
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Marc Poirier
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Lushi Tan
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
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10
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Al-Wabli RI, Al-Ghamdi AR, Ghabbour HA, Al-Agamy MH, Attia MI. Synthesis, Single Crystal X-ray Analysis, and Antifungal Profiling of Certain New Oximino Ethers Bearing Imidazole Nuclei. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22111895. [PMID: 29099797 PMCID: PMC6150221 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22111895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal infections threaten human health, particularly in immune-compromised patients worldwide. Although there are a large number of antifungal agents available, the desired clinical attributes for the treatment of fungal infections have not yet been achieved. Azoles are the mainstay class of the clinically used antifungal agents. In the current study, the synthesis, spectroscopic characterization, and antifungal activity of certain new oximino ethers Va–n bearing imidazole nuclei are reported. The (E)-configuration of the imine double bond of the synthesized compounds Va–n has been confirmed via single crystal X-ray analysis of compound Vi as a representative example of this class of compounds. The molecular structure of compound Vi was crystallized in the monoclinic, P21/c, a = 18.7879(14) Å, b = 5.8944(4) Å, c = 16.7621(12) Å, β = 93.063(3)°, V = 1855.5(2) Å3, Z = 4. The in vitro antifungal activity of the synthesized compounds Va–n were evaluated using diameter of the inhibition zone (DIZ) and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assays against different fungal strains. Compound Ve manifested anti-Candida albicans activity with an MIC value of 0.050 µmol/mL, being almost equipotent with the reference antifungal drug fluconazole (FLC),while compounds Vi and Vn are the most active congeners against Candida parapsilosis, being equipotent and about twenty-three times more potent than FLC with an MIC value of 0.002 µmol/mL. The results of the current report might support the development of new potent and safer antifungal azoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem I Al-Wabli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Alwah R Al-Ghamdi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Hazem A Ghabbour
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed H Al-Agamy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed I Attia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
- Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre (ID: 60014618), El Bohooth Street, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt.
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11
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Abstract
This report describes a method for Pd-catalyzed decarbonylative cross-coupling that enables the conversion of carboxylic acid derivatives to biaryls, aryl amines, aryl ethers, aryl sulfides, aryl boronate esters, and trifluoromethylated arenes. The success of this transformation leverages the Pd0/Brettphos-catalyzed decarbonylative chlorination of aroyl chlorides, which can then participate in diverse cross-coupling reactions in situ using the same Pd catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian A. Malapit
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Naoko Ichiishi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Melanie S. Sanford
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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12
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Dong C, Bai XF, Lv JY, Cui YM, Cao J, Zheng ZJ, Xu LW. Cs₂CO₃-Initiated Trifluoro-Methylation of Chalcones and Ketones for Practical Synthesis of Trifluoromethylated Tertiary Silyl Ethers. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22050769. [PMID: 28524100 PMCID: PMC6154635 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22050769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
It was found that 1,2-trifluoromethylation reactions of ketones, enones, and aldehydes were easily accomplished using the Prakash reagent in the presence of catalytic amounts of cesium carbonate, which represents an experimentally convenient, atom-economic process for this anionic trifluoromethylation of non-enolisable aldehydes and ketones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Dong
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China.
| | - Xing-Feng Bai
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China.
| | - Ji-Yuan Lv
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China.
| | - Yu-Ming Cui
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China.
| | - Jian Cao
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China.
| | - Zhan-Jiang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China.
| | - Li-Wen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China.
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13
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Mohsen AMY, Mandour YM, Sarukhanyan E, Breitinger U, Villmann C, Banoub MM, Breitinger HG, Dandekar T, Holzgrabe U, Sotriffer C, Jensen AA, Zlotos DP. Oxime Ethers of (E)-11-Isonitrosostrychnine as Highly Potent Glycine Receptor Antagonists. J Nat Prod 2016; 79:2997-3005. [PMID: 27966945 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.6b00479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A series of (E)-11-isonitrosostrychnine oxime ethers, 2-aminostrychnine, (strychnine-2-yl)propionamide, 18-oxostrychnine, and N-propylstrychnine bromide were synthesized and evaluated pharmacologically at human α1 and α1β glycine receptors in a functional fluorescence-based and a whole-cell patch-clamp assay and in [3H]strychnine binding studies. 2-Aminostrychnine and the methyl, allyl, and propargyl oxime ethers were the most potent α1 and α1β antagonists in the series, displaying IC50 values similar to those of strychnine at the two receptors. Docking experiments to the strychnine binding site of the crystal structure of the α3 glycine receptor indicated the same orientation of the strychnine core for all analogues. For the most potent oxime ethers, the ether substituent was accommodated in a lipophilic receptor binding pocket. The findings identify the oxime hydroxy group as a suitable attachment point for linking two strychnine pharmacophores by a polymethylene spacer and are, therefore, important for the design of bivalent ligands targeting glycine receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal M Y Mohsen
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, The German University in Cairo , New Cairo City, 11835 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Yasmine M Mandour
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, The German University in Cairo , New Cairo City, 11835 Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Ulrike Breitinger
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, The German University in Cairo , New Cairo City, 11835 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Carmen Villmann
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University of Würzburg , 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Maha M Banoub
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, The German University in Cairo , New Cairo City, 11835 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hans-Georg Breitinger
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, The German University in Cairo , New Cairo City, 11835 Cairo, Egypt
| | | | | | | | - Anders A Jensen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Darius P Zlotos
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, The German University in Cairo , New Cairo City, 11835 Cairo, Egypt
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14
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Cheng XY, Tang S, Kong LY, Li YH, Song DQ. [Synthesis and biological evaluation of 12-N-benzenesulfonyl matrinic ether derivatives as anti-coxsackievirus B3 agents]. Yao Xue Xue Bao 2016; 51:606-612. [PMID: 29859656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
12-N-m-Cyanobenzenesulfonyl matrinic butyl methyl ether is a potent anti-coxsackievirus B3(CVB3) agent bearing a novel structure skeleton. Taking this compound as a lead, totally 15 novel target compounds have been synthesized and evaluated for the anti-CVB3 activities using CPE method. Structure- activity relationship(SAR)demonstrated that the shorten-length of 11-side chain was not helpful for keeping the good anti-virus activity. Among the newly synthesized compounds, compound c1 displayed a good anti-CVB3 activity with the IC(50) of 7.1 μmol·L(-1) and SI of 35.5, similar to that of the lead. The SAR results provided useful information for further optimization of these compounds in the molecular structure.
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15
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Abstract
Alcohols are effectively converted to their corresponding diphenylmethyl (DPM) ethers by reaction with O-diphenylmethyl trichloroacetimidate in refluxing toluene without the requirement of a catalyst or other additives. A number of acid and base sensitive substrates were protected in excellent yield using this new method without disturbing the pre-existing functionality present in these molecules. This reaction is the first example of the formation of an ether from stoichiometric amounts of a trichloroacetimidate and an alcohol without the addition of a Brønsted or Lewis acid catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle T Howard
- Department of Chemistry, 1-014 Center for Science and Technology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA.
| | - Brian C Duffy
- Department of Chemistry, 1-014 Center for Science and Technology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA.
| | - Matthew R Linaburg
- Department of Chemistry, 1-014 Center for Science and Technology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA.
| | - John D Chisholm
- Department of Chemistry, 1-014 Center for Science and Technology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA.
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16
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Abstract
Although transfer of electrophilic alkoxyl ("RO+") from organic peroxides to organometallics offers a complement to traditional methods for etherification, application has been limited by constraints associated with peroxide reactivity and stability. We now demonstrate that readily prepared tetrahydropyranyl monoperoxyacetals react with sp(3) and sp(2) organolithium and organomagnesium reagents to furnish moderate to high yields of ethers. The method is successfully applied to the synthesis of alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, heteroaryl, and cyclopropyl ethers, mixed O,O-acetals, and S,S,O-orthoesters. In contrast to reactions of dialkyl and alkyl/silyl peroxides, the displacements of monoperoxyacetals provide no evidence for alkoxy radical intermediates. At the same time, the high yields observed for transfer of primary, secondary, or tertiary alkoxides, the latter involving attack on neopentyl oxygen, are inconsistent with an SN2 mechanism. Theoretical studies suggest a mechanism involving Lewis acid promoted insertion of organometallics into the O-O bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- ShivaKumar Kyasa
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0304, United States
| | - Rebecca
N. Meier
- Department
of Chemistry, Macalester College, Saint Paul, Minnesota 55105, United States
| | - Ruth A. Pardini
- Department
of Chemistry, Macalester College, Saint Paul, Minnesota 55105, United States
| | - Tristan K. Truttmann
- Department
of Chemistry, Macalester College, Saint Paul, Minnesota 55105, United States
| | - Keith T. Kuwata
- Department
of Chemistry, Macalester College, Saint Paul, Minnesota 55105, United States
| | - Patrick H. Dussault
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0304, United States
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17
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Abstract
Single-electron transmetalation has emerged as an enabling paradigm for the cross-coupling of Csp(3) hybridized organotrifluoroborates. Cross-coupling of α-alkoxymethyltrifluoroborates with aryl and heteroaryl bromides has been demonstrated by employing dual catalysis with a combination of an iridium photoredox catalyst and a Ni cross-coupling catalyst. The resulting method enables the alkoxymethylation of diverse (hetero)arenes under mild, room-temperature conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idris Karakaya
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Letters, Osmaniye Korkut Ata University, 80000 Osmaniye, Turkey
| | - David
N. Primer
- Roy
and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Gary A. Molander
- Roy
and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
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18
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Abstract
An alkyl aryl ether bond formation reaction between phenols and primary and secondary alcohols with PhenoFluor has been developed. The reaction features a broad substrate scope and tolerates many functional groups, and substrates that are challenging for more conventional ether bond forming processes may be coupled. A preliminary mechanistic study indicates reactivity distinct from conventional ether bond formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Shen
- Prof. Dr. T. Ritter, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford St., Cambridge, MA 02138 (USA)
| | - Constanze N. Neumann
- Prof. Dr. T. Ritter, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford St., Cambridge, MA 02138 (USA)
| | - Claudia Kleinlein
- Prof. Dr. T. Ritter, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford St., Cambridge, MA 02138 (USA)
| | - Nathaniel W. Claudia
- Prof. Dr. T. Ritter, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford St., Cambridge, MA 02138 (USA)
| | - Tobias Ritter
- Prof. Dr. T. Ritter, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford St., Cambridge, MA 02138 (USA)
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19
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Kosmalski T, Kutkowska J, Gzella AK, Nowakiewicz A. NEW HETEROCYCLIC OXIME ETHERS OF 1-(BENZOFURAN-2-YL)ETHAN- 1-ONE AND THEIR ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY. Acta Pol Pharm 2015; 72:289-295. [PMID: 26642679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, some O-benzyl (benzofuran-2-yl)ethan-1-one ether oximes were synthesized starting from 2-acetylbenzofuran. The structure elucidation of the compounds was performed by IR, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectra. Antimicrobial activities of the compounds were examined and notable activity was observed.
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20
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Abstract
Alkyl tetrahydropyranyl peroxides (ROOTHP) transfer alkoxide (OR) to lithiated 1,3-dithianes. The derived S,S,O-orthoesters undergo fluorodesulfurization with HF/pyridine and N-bromosuccinamide (NBS) to furnish difluoromethyl ethers. The overall protocol can be applied to synthesis of both terminal (ROCF2H) and internal (ROCF2R') ethers. Application of the same set of reactions to a lithiated tris(alkylthio)alkane is shown to generate a trifluoromethyl ether.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiva K. Kyasa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0304, United States
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21
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Fu C, Pei J, Ning Y, Liu M, Shan P, Liu J, Li Y, Hu F, Zhu Y, Yang H, Zou X. Synthesis and insecticidal activities of novel pyrazole oxime ether derivatives with different substituted pyridyl rings. Pest Manag Sci 2014; 70:1207-1214. [PMID: 24167146 DOI: 10.1002/ps.3672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Revised: 09/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pyrazole oxime ether derivatives with different substituted pyridyl rings represent new types of compounds that possess good insecticidal and acarcidal activity against Aphis laburni Kaltenbach and Tetranychus cinnabarinus. RESULTS In total, 82 novel pyrazole oxime ether derivatives were synthesized and identified by (1) H NMR, elemental analysis or high-resolution mass spectrometry, and their insecticidal and acarcidal activities were tested against A. laburni Kaltenbach and T. cinnabarinus. Bioassays showed that at a 200 mg L(-1) dosage, one-third of the compounds displayed high insecticidal activity against A. laburni Kaltenbach (> 90%), whereas most of of the compound II series exhibited excellent acarcidal activity against T. cinnabarinus (> 92%). Most compound II series exhibited good activity in both insecticidal and acarcidal tests. In addition, at a low concentration of 10 mg L(-1) , the insecticidal activity of compounds IB9 and IE4 exceeded 90%, and the acarcidal activity of compounds IIB1 and IIB2 was ≥ 95%. CONCLUSION Structure-activity relationships were also examined. Results suggested that the tert-butoxycarbonyl group, as well as the position between tert-butoxycarbonyl and the atom N of the pyridyl ring, were essential to obtaining the acarcidal activity of the title compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuirong Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry of Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
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22
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Zimmermann G, Schultz-Fademrecht C, Küchler P, Murarka S, Ismail S, Triola G, Nussbaumer P, Wittinghofer A, Waldmann H. Structure guided design and kinetic analysis of highly potent benzimidazole inhibitors targeting the PDEδ prenyl binding site. J Med Chem 2014; 57:5435-48. [PMID: 24884780 DOI: 10.1021/jm500632s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
K-Ras is one of the most frequently mutated signal transducing human oncogenes. Ras signaling activity requires correct cellular localization of the GTPase. The spatial organization of K-Ras is controlled by the prenyl binding protein PDEδ, which enhances Ras diffusion in the cytosol. Inhibition of the Ras-PDEδ interaction by small molecules impairs Ras localization and signaling. Here we describe in detail the identification and structure guided development of Ras-PDEδ inhibitors targeting the farnesyl binding pocket of PDEδ with nanomolar affinity. We report kinetic data that characterize the binding of the most potent small molecule ligands to PDEδ and prove their binding to endogenous PDEδ in cell lysates. The PDEδ inhibitors provide promising starting points for the establishment of new drug discovery programs aimed at cancers harboring oncogenic K-Ras.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunther Zimmermann
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology , Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
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23
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Chiu YL, Chan HF, Phua KKL, Zhang Y, Juul S, Knudsen BR, Ho YP, Leong KW. Synthesis of fluorosurfactants for emulsion-based biological applications. ACS Nano 2014; 8:3913-20. [PMID: 24646088 PMCID: PMC4004322 DOI: 10.1021/nn500810n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Microemulsion represents an attractive platform for fundamental and applied biomedical research because the emulsified droplets can serve as millions of compartmentalized micrometer-sized reactors amenable to high-throughput screening or online monitoring. However, establishing stable emulsions with surfactants that are compatible with biological applications remains a significant challenge. Motivated by the lack of commercially available surfactants suitable for microemulsion-based biological assays, this study describes the facile synthesis of a biocompatible fluorosurfactant with nonionic tris(hydroxymethyl)methyl (Tris) polar head groups. We have further demonstrated compatibility of the developed surfactant with diverse emulsion-based applications, including DNA polymeric nanoparticle synthesis, enzymatic activity assay, and bacterial or mammalian cell culture, in the setup of both double- and multiphases of emulsions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ling Chiu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University , North Carolina 27708, United States
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24
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Pan P, Knudson S, Bommineni GR, Li HJ, Lai CT, Liu N, Garcia-Diaz M, Simmerling C, Patil SS, Slayden RA, Tonge PJ. Time-dependent diaryl ether inhibitors of InhA: structure-activity relationship studies of enzyme inhibition, antibacterial activity, and in vivo efficacy. ChemMedChem 2014; 9:776-91. [PMID: 24616444 PMCID: PMC4126670 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201300429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The diaryl ethers are a novel class of antituberculosis drug candidates that inhibit InhA, the enoyl-ACP reductase involved in the fatty acid biosynthesis (FASII) pathway, and have antibacterial activity against both drug-sensitive and drug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In the present work, we demonstrate that two time-dependent B-ring modified diaryl ether InhA inhibitors have antibacterial activity in a mouse model of TB infection when delivered by intraperitoneal injection. We propose that the efficacy of these compounds is related to their residence time on the enzyme, and to identify structural features that modulate drug-target residence time in this system, we have explored the inhibition of InhA by a series of B-ring modified analogues. Seven ortho-substituted compounds were found to be time-dependent inhibitors of InhA, where the slow step leading to the final enzyme-inhibitor complex (EI*) is thought to correlate with closure and ordering of the InhA substrate binding loop. A detailed mechanistic understanding of the molecular basis for residence time in this system will facilitate the development of InhA inhibitors with improved in vivo activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Pan
- Institute for Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3400
| | - Susan Knudson
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-2025
| | - Gopal R. Bommineni
- Institute for Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3400
| | - Huei-Jiun Li
- Institute for Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3400
| | - Cheng-Tsung Lai
- Institute for Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3400
- Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3400
| | - Nina Liu
- Institute for Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3400
| | - Miguel Garcia-Diaz
- Pharmacological Sciences Graduate Program, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3400
| | - Carlos Simmerling
- Institute for Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3400
| | | | - Richard A. Slayden
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-2025
| | - Peter J. Tonge
- Institute for Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3400
- Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3400
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25
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Biermann U, Metzger JO. Synthesis of ethers by GaBr3 -catalyzed reduction of carboxylic acid esters and lactones by siloxanes. ChemSusChem 2014; 7:644-649. [PMID: 24488681 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201300627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Revised: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Ethers were synthesized by reduction of the respective esters catalyzed by gallium bromide (GaBr3 ) and using siloxanes, preferentially 1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane, as reductant. Methyl oleate, triglycerides, that is, tributyrine and glyceryl triundec-10-enoate as well as γ- and δ-lactones were converted into the respective ethers in high to moderate yields. γ-Lactones were reduced with high selectivity in the presence of a methyl ester functionality. The reduction has been carried out at room temperature or moderately elevated temperature of up to 60 °C using stoichiometric amounts of the reductant and 0.005-0.01 equiv of GaBr3 as catalyst per ester functionality without any solvent added. After a reaction time of 1-4 h the conversion of the substrate was 100 %. The product was separated from polymeric siloxanes formed as coupled product by simple distillation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula Biermann
- Institut für Chemie, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Universität Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Straße 9-11, 26111 Oldenburg (Germany).
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26
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Wilde KN, Whitten DG, Canavan HE. In vitro cytotoxicity of antimicrobial conjugated electrolytes: interactions with mammalian cells. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2013; 5:9305-11. [PMID: 24102342 DOI: 10.1021/am402476g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
An estimated 19 000 deaths and $3-4 billion in health care costs per year in the United States are attributed to methicillin-resistant Staphlococcus aureus (MRSA) infections. Certain conjugated phenylene ethynylene (CPE)-based polymers (PPE) and oligomers (OPE) have been demonstrated to exhibit dark and light-activated antimicrobial activity. Until recently, the relative cytotoxicity of these PPEs and OPEs toward mammalian cells haas been unknown, limiting the applications for which they may be used (e.g., reducing and/or preventing the spread of untreatable bacterial strains). In this work, we examine the toxicity of CPEs to mammalian cells using cytotoxicity assays of cellular monolayers. Eight CPEs, two PPEs and six OPEs, were selected for these studies based on their biocidal activity, and diversity of repeat unit number and functional groups. Briefly, two cell types were exposed to CPEs at concentrations ranging from 1-100 ug/mL for 24 h. We find that concentration largely determines the resulting viability of cells, although at intermediate concentrations (5-10 ug/mL), the effect of light on light-activated compounds is very important. Furthermore, we find that the longer-chained compounds are cytotoxic at much higher concentrations, and therefore have the widest range of concentrations available for potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin N Wilde
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Chemical and Nuclear Engineering, MSC01-1141, University of New Mexico , Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
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27
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Song H, Liu Y, Xiong L, Li Y, Yang N, Wang Q. Design, synthesis, and insecticidal evaluation of new pyrazole derivatives containing imine, oxime ether, oxime ester, and dihydroisoxazoline groups based on the inhibitor binding pocket of respiratory complex I. J Agric Food Chem 2013; 61:8730-8736. [PMID: 23972278 DOI: 10.1021/jf402719z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
On the basis of complex I receptor protein binding site and commercial tebufenpyrad and tolfenpyrad, four series of novel pyrazole-5-carboxamides containing imine, oxime ether, oxime ester, and dihydroisoxazoline were designed and synthesized via the key intermediate 4-chloro-3-ethyl-N-(4-formylbenzyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide. The structures of target compounds were confirmed by ¹H NMR and high-resolution mass spectrum (HRMS). The results of bioassays indicated that the target compounds possessed good-to-excellent activities against a broad spectrum of insects such as cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera), spider mite (Tetranychus cinnabarinus), bean aphid (Aphis craccivora), and mosquito (Culex pipiens pallens), but gave different structure-activity relationships for each species. Compounds containing imine showed high insecticidal activity against cotton bollworm. Especially, stomach activity of compounds 5-1c was 60% at 11 mg kg⁻¹. The compounds also had good activities against bean aphid and mosquito. The foliar contact activity of compounds 5-1a, 5-1b, 5-1e, 5-3c, and 5-3d against bean aphid were 90, 100, 90, 90, and 90%, respectively, at 200 mg kg⁻¹. The activity of compound containing dihydroisoxazoline moiety (5-4) against mosquito was 60% at 1 mg kg⁻¹, which was near that of tebufenpyrad. The introduction of dihydroisoxazoline structure (5-4) was advantageous to improve the activity of the compound against adult mites compared with other structures; the miticidal activity of 5-4- against adult mites was 60% at 50 mg kg⁻¹.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjian Song
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University , Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
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28
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Abstract
The originally assigned stereostructures of laurefurenynes A and B have been reassigned on the basis of DFT calculations of NMR chemical shifts, synthesis of model compounds and total synthesis of laurefurenyne B, demonstrating the power of this combined approach for stereostructure elucidation/confirmation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Shepherd
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield RoadOxford, OX1 3TA (UK)
| | - Phillip A Broadwith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield RoadOxford, OX1 3TA (UK)
| | - Bryony S Dyson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield RoadOxford, OX1 3TA (UK)
| | - Robert S Paton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield RoadOxford, OX1 3TA (UK)
| | - Jonathan W Burton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield RoadOxford, OX1 3TA (UK)
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29
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Huang LZ, Han P, Li YQ, Xu YM, Zhang T, Du ZT. A facile and efficient synthesis of diaryl amines or ethers under microwave irradiation at presence of KF/Al2O3 without solvent and their anti-fungal biological activities against six phytopathogens. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:18850-60. [PMID: 24036444 PMCID: PMC3794810 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140918850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Revised: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of diaryl amines, ethers and thioethers were synthesized under microwave irradiation efficiently at presence of KF/Al2O3 in 83%-96% yields without any solvent. The salient characters of this method lie in short reaction time, high yields, general applicability to substrates and simple workup procedure. At the same time, their antifungal biological activities against six phytopathogen were evaluated. Most of the compounds (3b, 3c, 3g-o) are more potent than thiophannate-methyl against to Magnaporthe oryzae. This implies that diaryl amine or ether moiety may be helpful in finding a fungicide against Magnaporthe oryzae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Zhu Huang
- College of Science, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China; E-Mails: (L.-Z.H.); (P.H.); (Y.-Q.L.); (Y.-M.X.); (T.Z.)
| | - Pan Han
- College of Science, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China; E-Mails: (L.-Z.H.); (P.H.); (Y.-Q.L.); (Y.-M.X.); (T.Z.)
| | - You-Qiang Li
- College of Science, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China; E-Mails: (L.-Z.H.); (P.H.); (Y.-Q.L.); (Y.-M.X.); (T.Z.)
| | - Ying-Meng Xu
- College of Science, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China; E-Mails: (L.-Z.H.); (P.H.); (Y.-Q.L.); (Y.-M.X.); (T.Z.)
| | - Tao Zhang
- College of Science, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China; E-Mails: (L.-Z.H.); (P.H.); (Y.-Q.L.); (Y.-M.X.); (T.Z.)
| | - Zhen-Ting Du
- College of Science, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China; E-Mails: (L.-Z.H.); (P.H.); (Y.-Q.L.); (Y.-M.X.); (T.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 20032, China
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel./Fax: +86-29-8709-2226
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30
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Xi YY, Jin J, Sun Y, Chen XG, Song HR, Xu BL. [Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel diaryl ethers bearing a pyrimidine motif as human Pin1 inhibitors]. Yao Xue Xue Bao 2013; 48:1266-1272. [PMID: 24187834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Pin1 (peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1) belongs to peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase (PPIase) and is a novel promising anticancer target. Based on the lead structure of benzophenone, a series of novel diarylether derivatives containing a pyrimidine ring were designed and synthesized. The inhibitory activities on Pin1 of compounds 5a-5d and 6a-6i were evaluated by a protease-coupled enzyme assay. Of all the evaluated compounds, 6 compounds displayed inhibitory activities. Molecular docking was performed using FlexX algorithm to explore the binding mode of the active molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Yue Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
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31
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Zhou Q, Ruffoni A, Gianatassio R, Fujiwara Y, Sella E, Shabat D, Baran PS. Direct synthesis of fluorinated heteroarylether bioisosteres. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:3949-52. [PMID: 23460402 PMCID: PMC3643141 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201300763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This work delineates a method for the modular synthesis of reagents that are capable of direct incorporation of difluoroalkyl groups onto heterocycles. The scope and generality of this method is exemplified with the difluoroethyl group (along with the introduction of a new reagent for difluoroethylation, DFES-Na) and a proof of principle is shown for a general synthesis of fluorinated heteroarylether bioisosteres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianghui Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Alessandro Ruffoni
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Ryan Gianatassio
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Yuta Fujiwara
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Eran Sella
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel, 69978
| | - Doron Shabat
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel, 69978
| | - Phil S. Baran
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
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32
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Mukherjee P, Widenhoefer RA. The regio- and stereospecific intermolecular dehydrative alkoxylation of allylic alcohols catalyzed by a gold(I) N-heterocyclic carbene complex. Chemistry 2013; 19:3437-44. [PMID: 23348826 PMCID: PMC3882269 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201203987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A 1:1 mixture of [AuCl(IPr)] (IPr = 1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidine) and AgClO(4) catalyzes the intermolecular dehydrative alkoxylation of primary and secondary allylic alcohols with aliphatic primary and secondary alcohols to form allylic ethers. These transformations are regio- and stereospecific with preferential addition of the alcohol nucleophile at the γ-position of the allylic alcohol syn to the departing hydroxyl group and with predominant formation of the E stereoisomer. The minor α regioisomer is formed predominantly through a secondary reaction manifold involving regioselective γ-alkoxylation of the initially formed allylic ether rather than by the direct α-alkoxylation of the allylic alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paramita Mukherjee
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, French Family Science Center, Durham, NC 27708 (USA), Fax: (+1) (919)-660-1605
| | - Ross A. Widenhoefer
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, French Family Science Center, Durham, NC 27708 (USA), Fax: (+1) (919)-660-1605
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33
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Łaczkowski KZ. Asymmetric synthesis of novel (1H-benzo[d]imidazol -2-ylthio)- and (di-n-butylamino-2-ylthio)acetamides. Acta Pol Pharm 2013; 70:237-244. [PMID: 23614279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Asymmetric synthesis of novel (1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-ylthio)- and (di-n-butylamino)acetamides is described. The o-nitrobenzyl oxime ethers were reduced with borane in the presence of oxazaborolidenes derived from norephedrine or diphenylvalinol and diphenylphosphinic amide was reduced with modified sodium tetrahydroborate catalyzed with beta-ketoiminato cobalt(II) complex to the corresponding amines with high yields and moderate enantiomeric excess. Reaction of amines with 2-chloroacetyl chloride and next with thiobenzimidazole or n-dibutylamine gave corresponding products with high yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Z Łaczkowski
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Chemical Technology and Pharmaceuticals, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 2 A. Jurasza St., 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland.
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34
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Chen AJ, Hsu IJ, Wu WY, Su YT, Tsai FY, Mou CY. A fluorescent organic nanotube assembled from novel p-phenylene ethynylene-based dicationic amphiphiles. Langmuir 2013; 29:2580-2587. [PMID: 23360494 DOI: 10.1021/la3050829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Novel π-extended conjugated amphiphiles composed of a hydrophilic section of two quaternary ammonium groups and p-phenylene ethynylene with adjustable alkyl chain hydrophobic section were prepared by a multistep synthesis. These dicationic amphiphiles showed good water solubility and formed a tubular assembly in water. The evidence for the nanotubular comes from direct optical and TEM observations. A strong π-π stacking interaction between neighboring molecules, as evidenced by the red-shift and self-quenching in fluorescence, is proposed for the self-assembly. At the same time, dehydration of the bromide led to strong counterion condensation in headgroups, which resulted in the small curvature structure of the nanotubes. A bilayer lamellar structural model for the organic nanotube is proposed, and a reasonable structural model based on the experimental XRD pattern, as well as cell constants, is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Jan Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
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Berényi Á, Minorics R, Iványi Z, Ocsovszki I, Ducza E, Thole H, Messinger J, Wölfling J, Mótyán G, Mernyák E, Frank É, Schneider G, Zupkó I. Synthesis and investigation of the anticancer effects of estrone-16-oxime ethers in vitro. Steroids 2013; 78:69-78. [PMID: 23127813 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2012.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2012] [Revised: 09/28/2012] [Accepted: 10/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An expanding body of evidence indicates the possible role of estrane derivatives as useful anticancer agents. The aim of this study was to describe the cytotoxic effects of 63 newly synthetized estrone-16-oxime ethers on human cancer cell lines (cervix carcinoma HeLa, breast carcinoma MCF7 and skin epidermoid carcinoma A431), studied by means of the MTT assay. Four of the most promising compounds were selected for participation in additional experiments in order to characterize the mechanism of action, including cell cycle analysis, morphological study and the 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine incorporation assay. The cancer selectivity was tested on a noncancerous fibroblast cell line (MRC-5). Since apoptosis and cell cycle disturbance were observed, caspase-3 activities were further assayed for the two most effective agents. These estrone-16-oxime analogs activated caspase-3 and changed the mRNA level expression of endogenous factors regulating the G1-S phase transition (retinoblastoma protein, CDK4 and p16). The repression of retinoblastoma protein was reinforced at a protein level too. These experimental data lead to the conclusion that estrone-16-oxime ethers may be regarded as potential starting structures for the design of novel anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ágnes Berényi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
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36
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Petroianu GA. History of arsenic ethers: who was Felix D'Arcet? Pharmazie 2012; 67:951-953. [PMID: 23210247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Williamson serendipitously discovered (1851) a new and efficient way to produce esters using ethyl iodide and potassium salts and in doing so elucidated the molecular mechanism behind ether formation. Lassaigne (1820) made the analogy between sulphovinic and phosphovinic acids and demonstrated the existence of phosphovinic acid, while Pelouze (1833) synthesised monoethyl phosphovinic acid. Finally 1848 Voegeli produced diethyl phosphovinic acid and the first neutral ester of phosphoric acid, the triethyl phosphate (TEP). The successes of Lassaigne and Pelouze in producing phosphovinic acids and Mitscherlich's theory of isomorphism fuelled the search for the vinic acids of arsenic, phosphorus neighbor in the periodic system. This short report attempts to identify the (less known) pharmacists and chemists involved in the quest for both arsenovinic acids and the neutral esters of arsenic and pyroarsenic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Petroianu
- Department of Cellular Biology & Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA.
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Miller Y, Miao L, Hosseini AS, Chemler SR. Copper-catalyzed intramolecular alkene carboetherification: synthesis of fused-ring and bridged-ring tetrahydrofurans. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:12149-56. [PMID: 22720755 PMCID: PMC3430129 DOI: 10.1021/ja3034075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Fused-ring and bridged-ring tetrahydrofuran scaffolds are found in a number of natural products and biologically active compounds. A new copper-catalyzed intramolecular carboetherification of alkenes for the synthesis of bicyclic tetrahydrofurans is reported herein. The reaction involves Cu-catalyzed intramolecular addition of alcohols to unactivated alkenes and subsequent aryl C-H functionalization provides the C-C bond. Mechanistic studies indicate a primary carbon radical intermediate is involved and radical addition to the aryl ring is the likely C-C bond-forming mechanism. Preliminary catalytic enantioselective reactions are promising (up to 75% ee) and provide evidence that copper is involved in the alkene addition step, likely through a cis-oxycupration mechanism. Catalytic enantioselective alkene carboetherification reactions are rare and future development of this new method into a highly enantioselective process is promising. During the course of the mechanistic studies a protocol for alkene hydroetherification was also developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Miller
- Department of Chemistry, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Lei Miao
- Department of Chemistry, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Azade S. Hosseini
- Department of Chemistry, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Sherry R. Chemler
- Department of Chemistry, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
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Abstract
In recent years, the designer nature of ionic liquids (ILs) has driven their exploration and exploitation in countless fields among the physical and chemical sciences. A fair measure of the tremendous attention placed on these fluids has been attributed to their inherent designer nature. And yet, there are relatively few examples of reviews that emphasize this vital aspect in an exhaustive or meaningful way. In this critical review, we systematically survey the physicochemical properties of the collective library of ether- and alcohol-functionalized ILs, highlighting the impact of ionic structure on features such as viscosity, phase behavior/transitions, density, thermostability, electrochemical properties, and polarity (e.g. hydrophilicity, hydrogen bonding capability). In the latter portions of this review, we emphasize the attractive applications of these functionalized ILs across a range of disciplines, including their use as electrolytes or functional fluids for electrochemistry, extractions, biphasic systems, gas separations, carbon capture, carbohydrate dissolution (particularly, the (ligno)celluloses), polymer chemistry, antimicrobial and antielectrostatic agents, organic synthesis, biomolecular stabilization and activation, and nanoscience. Finally, this review discusses anion-functionalized ILs, including sulfur- and oxygen-functionalized analogs, as well as choline-based deep eutectic solvents (DESs), an emerging class of fluids which can be sensibly categorized as semi-molecular cousins to the IL. Finally, the toxicity and biodegradability of ether- and alcohol-functionalized ILs are discussed and cautiously evaluated in light of recent reports. By carefully summarizing literature examples on the properties and applications of oxy-functional designer ILs up till now, it is our intent that this review offers a barometer for gauging future advances in the field as well as a trigger to spur further contemplation of these seemingly inexhaustible and--relative to their potential--virtually untouched fluids. It is abundantly clear that these remarkable fluidic materials are here to stay, just as certain design rules are slowly beginning to emerge. However, in fairness, serendipity also still plays an undeniable role, highlighting the need for both expanded in silico studies and a beacon to attract bright, young researchers to the field (406 references).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaokun Tang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Gary A. Baker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Hua Zhao
- Chemistry Program, Savannah State University, Savannah, GA 31404, USA
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Abstract
A spherical liquid-liquid interface can be obtained by dispersing one liquid phase into another to form droplets, which will facilitate the two-phase reactions between the immiscible participating fluids. The phase transfer catalysts assembled at the droplet "wall" catalyze the reactions between the aqueous and organic phases. The study illustrates an interfacial synthetic approach which is ideal for the biphasic reaction by taking advantage of the droplet-based microdevice. The improved reaction efficiency can be attributed to the high surface-to-volume ratio and internal flow circulation in the droplets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Ji
- Department of Chemistry and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
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40
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Abstract
The phenolic Schiff bases I-VI were synthesized by condensation reactions between various diamines, namely o-dianisidine, o-tolidine and ethylenediamine with vanillin or p-hydroxybenzaldehyde and subsequent reactions between these phenolic Schiff bases and epichlorohydrin to produce new diglycidyl ethers Ia-VIa. The structures of these compounds were confirmed by CHN, FT-IR, (1)H-NMR, and (13)C-NMR spectroscopy. Their thermotropic liquid crystalline behavior was studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and polarizing optical microscopy (POM). All the diglycidyl ethers prepared exhibit nematic mesophases, except for Va and VIa, which did not show any transition mesophases, but simply flow to liquids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Issam Ahmed Mohammed
- School of Industrial Technology, University Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia.
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41
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Lai J, Bigot S, Sauthier M, Molinier V, Suisse I, Castanet Y, Aubry JM, Mortreux A. Telomerisation of 1,3-butadiene with 1,4:3,6-dianhydrohexitols: an atom-economic and selective synthesis of amphiphilic monoethers from agro-based diols. ChemSusChem 2011; 4:1104-1111. [PMID: 21766460 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201100135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The telomerisation of 1,3-butadiene with a Pd/TPPTS catalytic system in water or an organic solvent was used for the synthesis of C8 ethers from isosorbide, an agro-based diol. The use of water/oil biphasic reaction conditions allowed the selective synthesis of monoethers with improved rates upon using inorganic bases as promotors. As isosorbide is a non-symmetric diol, the two hydroxyl groups display different reactivities. 2-O-substituted-monoethers were preferentially obtained if water was used as the solvent, whereas in DMSO 5-O-substituted monoethers were the major products. Complete conversions of isosorbide with up to 94% monoether selectivities were obtained. The optimized reaction conditions were successfully applied to isomannide and isoidide for the selective synthesis of the derived ethers. An improved reactivity of the endo-hydroxy groups of isosorbide and isomannide versus the exo-hydroxy groups of isosorbide and isoidide was observed if the reaction was performed in DMSO instead of water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Lai
- Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, UMR CNRS 8181, Université Lille Nord de France, ENSCL, BP 90108, 59652 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
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Huang K, Wang H, Stepanenko V, De Jesús M, Torruellas C, Correa W, Ortiz-Marciales M. Chiral epoxides via borane reduction of 2-haloketones catalyzed by spiroborate ester: application to the synthesis of optically pure 1,2-hydroxy ethers and 1,2-azido alcohols. J Org Chem 2011; 76:1883-6. [PMID: 21294519 PMCID: PMC3055923 DOI: 10.1021/jo102294j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
An enantioselective borane-mediated reduction of a variety of 2-haloketones with 10% spiroaminoborate ester 1 as catalyst is described. By a simple basic workup of 2-halohydrins, optically active epoxides are obtained in high yield and with excellent enantiopurity (up to 99% ee). Ring-opening of oxiranes with phenoxides or sodium azide is investigated under different reaction conditions affording nonracemic 1,2-hydroxy ethers and 1,2-azido alcohols with excellent enantioselectivity (99% ee) and in good to high chemical yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Huang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico-Humacao, CUH Station, Humacao, Puerto Rico 00791, USA
| | - Haiyang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico-Humacao, CUH Station, Humacao, Puerto Rico 00791, USA
| | - Viatcheslav Stepanenko
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico-Humacao, CUH Station, Humacao, Puerto Rico 00791, USA
| | - Melvin De Jesús
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico-Humacao, CUH Station, Humacao, Puerto Rico 00791, USA
| | - Carilyn Torruellas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico-Humacao, CUH Station, Humacao, Puerto Rico 00791, USA
| | - Wildeliz Correa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico-Humacao, CUH Station, Humacao, Puerto Rico 00791, USA
| | - Margarita Ortiz-Marciales
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico-Humacao, CUH Station, Humacao, Puerto Rico 00791, USA
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43
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Abstract
This Article describes the total synthesis of the marine ladder toxin brevenal utilizing a convergent synthetic strategy. Critical to the success of this work was the use of olefinic-ester cyclization reactions and the utilization of glycal epoxides as precursors to C-C and C-H bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
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44
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Fernandes JPDS, Carvalho BS, Luchez CV, Politi MJ, Brandt CA. Optimization of the ultrasound-assisted synthesis of allyl 1-naphthyl ether using response surface methodology. Ultrason Sonochem 2011; 18:489-493. [PMID: 21035375 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2010.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2010] [Revised: 09/21/2010] [Accepted: 10/05/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Allyl 1-naphthyl ethers are useful compounds for different purposes, but reported methods to synthesize them require long reaction times. In this work, we have obtained allyl 1-naphthyl ether in good yield using ultrasonic-assisted methodology in a 1-h reaction. A central composite design was used to obtain a statistical model and a response surface (p<0.05; R(2)=0.970; R(2)(adj)=0.949; R(2)(pred)=0.818) that can predict the optimal conditions to maximize the yield, validated experimentally.
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45
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Patch RJ, Searle LL, Kim AJ, De D, Zhu X, Askari HB, O'Neill JC, Abad MC, Rentzeperis D, Liu J, Kemmerer M, Lin L, Kasturi J, Geisler JG, Lenhard JM, Player MR, Gaul MD. Identification of diaryl ether-based ligands for estrogen-related receptor α as potential antidiabetic agents. J Med Chem 2011; 54:788-808. [PMID: 21218783 DOI: 10.1021/jm101063h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα) is an orphan nuclear receptor that has been functionally implicated in the regulation of energy homeostasis. Herein is described the development of diaryl ether based thiazolidenediones, which function as selective ligands against this receptor. Series optimization provided several potent analogues that inhibit the recruitment of a coactivator peptide fragment in in vitro biochemical assays (IC(50) < 150 nM) and cellular two-hybrid reporter assays against the ligand binding domain (IC(50) = 1-5 μM). A cocrystal structure of the ligand-binding domain of ERRα with lead compound 29 revealed the presence of a covalent interaction between the protein and ligand, which has been shown to be reversible. In diet-induced murine models of obesity and in an overt diabetic rat model, oral administration of 29 normalized insulin and circulating triglyceride levels, improved insulin sensitivity, and was body weight neutral. This provides the first demonstration of functional activities of an ERRα ligand in metabolic animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond J Patch
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Welsh and McKean Roads, Spring House, PA 19477-0776, USA
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46
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Verma A, Srivastava S, Sane SA, Marrapu VK, Srinivas N, Yadav M, Bhandari K, Gupta S. Antileishmanial activity of benzocycloalkyl azole oximino ethers: the conformationally constraint analogues of oxiconazole. Acta Trop 2011; 117:157-60. [PMID: 21078278 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2010.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2010] [Revised: 10/25/2010] [Accepted: 10/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Antileishmanial activities of 16 synthetic oximino benzocycloalkyl azoles against Leishmania donovani were evaluated in vitro against extracellular promastigotes and intracellular amastigotes. Based on SI (Selectivity Index), five compounds were tested further in vivo in hamster model. Out of these, three compounds have shown medium activity (53-58%) and one has shown significant inhibition of parasite multiplication (70%). Despite the fact that these compounds were better than the existing antileishmanials in respect to IC(50) and SI values, they were less active than miltefosine in vivo. The present study has helped us in identifying a new lead that could be exploited as a potential antileishmanial agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Verma
- Division of Parasitology, Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR), Chattar Manzil Palace, Lucknow 226001 (UP), India
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47
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McMahon C, Kinsella D, Fleming GJP. Extrusion-mixing compared with hand-mixing of polyether impression materials? Eur J Prosthodont Restor Dent 2010; 18:150-154. [PMID: 21265432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The hypotheses tested were two-fold (a) whether altering the base:catalyst ratio influences working time, elastic recovery and strain in compression properties of a hand-mixed polyether impression material and (b) whether an extrusion-mixed polyether impression material would have a significant advantage over a hand-mixed polyether impression material mixed to the optimum base:catalyst ratio. The polyether was hand-mixed at the optimum (manufacturers recommended) base:catalyst ratios (7:1) and further groups were made by increasing or decreasing the catalyst length by 25%. Additionally specimens were also made from an extrusion-mixed polyether impression material and compared with the optimum hand-mixed base:catalyst ratio. A penetrometer assembly was used to measure the working time (n=5). Five cylindrical specimens for each hand-mixed and extrusion mixed group investigated were employed for elastic recovery and strain in compression testing. Hand-mixing polyether impression materials with 25% more catalyst than that recommended significantly decreased the working time while hand-mixing with 25% less catalyst than that recommended significantly increased the strain in compression. The extrusion-mixed polyether impression material provided similar working time, elastic recovery and strain in compression to the hand-mixed polyether mixed at the optimum base:catalyst ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline McMahon
- Materials Science Unit, Division of Oral Biosciences, Dublin Dental School & Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Republic of Ireland
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48
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Liu X, Huang XS, Sin N, Venables BL, Roongta V. 15N chemical shifts of a series of isatin oxime ethers and their corresponding nitrone isomers. Magn Reson Chem 2010; 48:873-876. [PMID: 20818803 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.2680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
In this article, we describe the characteristic (15)N chemical shifts of isatin oxime ethers and their isomer nitrone. These oxime ethers and nitrones are the alkylation reaction products of isatin oximes. In our study, the (15)N chemical shifts observed in these oxime ethers were in the 402-408 (or 22-28) ppm range, although those for their corresponding nitrone series were in the 280-320 (or -100 to -60) ppm range. This remarkable difference in (15)N NMR chemical shift values could potentially be used to determine the O- versus N-alkylation of oximes, even when only one isomer is available. In this paper, the differences in (15)N NMR chemical shifts serve as the basis for a discussion about how to distinguish both regioisomers derived from the oximes alkylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Liu
- Department of Drug Metabolism, Covance Company, 3301 Kinsman Boulevard, Madison, WI 53704, USA
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49
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, (USA)
| | - Paul E. Floreancig
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, (USA)
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50
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Vilotijevic I, Jamison TF. Synthesis of marine polycyclic polyethers via endo-selective epoxide-opening cascades. Mar Drugs 2010; 8:763-809. [PMID: 20411125 PMCID: PMC2857356 DOI: 10.3390/md8030763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2010] [Revised: 03/11/2010] [Accepted: 03/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The proposed biosynthetic pathways to ladder polyethers of polyketide origin and oxasqualenoids of terpenoid origin share a dramatic epoxide-opening cascade as a key step. Polycyclic structures generated in these biosynthetic pathways display biological effects ranging from potentially therapeutic properties to extreme lethality. Much of the structural complexity of ladder polyether and oxasqualenoid natural products can be traced to these hypothesized cascades. In this review we summarize how such epoxide-opening cascade reactions have been used in the synthesis of ladder polyethers and oxasqualenoid natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Vilotijevic
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; E-Mail:
(I.V.)
| | - Timothy F. Jamison
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; E-Mail:
(I.V.)
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