1
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Veth L, Windhorst AD, Vugts DJ. Synthesis of 18F-labeled Aryl Trifluoromethyl Sulfones, -Sulfoxides, and -Sulfides for Positron Emission Tomography. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202404278. [PMID: 38656696 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202404278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) is becoming increasingly important in nuclear medicine and drug discovery. To date, the development of many potential PET tracers is hampered by the lack of suitable synthetic pathways for their preparation. This is particularly true for the highly desired radiolabeling of compounds bearing [18F]CF3-groups. For instance, S(O)nCF3-groups (n = 0, 1, 2) serve as structural motif in a range of biologically active compounds, but their radiosynthesis remains largely unprecedented (for n = 1, 2). Herein, we describe general methods for the radiosynthesis of 18F-labeled aryl trifluoromethyl sulfones, -sulfoxides, and -sulfides. All three methods are operationally straightforward, start from widely available precursors, i.e., sulfonyl fluorides and thiophenols, and make use of the recently established [18F]Ruppert-Prakash reagent. Further, the syntheses display good functional group tolerance as demonstrated by the 18F-labeling of more than 40 compounds. The applicability of the new method is demonstrated by the radiolabeling of three bioactive molecules, optionally to be used as PET tracers. In a broader context, this work presents a substantial expansion of the chemical space of radiofluorinated structural motifs to be used for the development of new PET tracers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Veth
- Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS
| | - Albert D Windhorst
- Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, NETHERLANDS
| | - Danielle J Vugts
- Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, NETHERLANDS
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2
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Kerwin B, Liu SE, Sadhukhan T, Dasgupta A, Jones LO, López-Arteaga R, Zeng TT, Facchetti A, Schatz GC, Hersam MC, Marks TJ. Trifluoromethylation of 2D Transition Metal Dichalcogenides: A Mild Functionalization and Tunable p-Type Doping Method. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202403494. [PMID: 38551580 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202403494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/24/2024]
Abstract
Chemical modification is a powerful strategy for tuning the electronic properties of 2D semiconductors. Here we report the electrophilic trifluoromethylation of 2D WSe2 and MoS2 under mild conditions using the reagent trifluoromethyl thianthrenium triflate (TTT). Chemical characterization and density functional theory calculations reveal that the trifluoromethyl groups bind covalently to surface chalcogen atoms as well as oxygen substitution sites. Trifluoromethylation induces p-type doping in the underlying 2D material, enabling the modulation of charge transport and optical emission properties in WSe2. This work introduces a versatile and efficient method for tailoring the optical and electronic properties of 2D transition metal dichalcogenides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan Kerwin
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL-60208-3113, USA
| | - Stephanie E Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University 2220, Campus Drive, Evanston, IL-60208-3108, USA
| | - Tumpa Sadhukhan
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL-60208-3113, USA
- Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
| | - Anushka Dasgupta
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University 2220, Campus Drive, Evanston, IL-60208-3108, USA
| | - Leighton O Jones
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL-60208-3113, USA
| | - Rafael López-Arteaga
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University 2220, Campus Drive, Evanston, IL-60208-3108, USA
| | - Thomas T Zeng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University 2220, Campus Drive, Evanston, IL-60208-3108, USA
| | - Antonio Facchetti
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL-60208-3113, USA
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, 30332, United States
| | - George C Schatz
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL-60208-3113, USA
| | - Mark C Hersam
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL-60208-3113, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University 2220, Campus Drive, Evanston, IL-60208-3108, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL-60208-3113, USA
| | - Tobin J Marks
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL-60208-3113, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University 2220, Campus Drive, Evanston, IL-60208-3108, USA
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3
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Keerthika K, Muhammed S B, Geetharani K. A Metal-Free and Operationally Simple Radical Trifluoromethylative Borylation of Unactivated Alkenes. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303468. [PMID: 37962392 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
We herein describe a protocol to synthesize trifluoromethylated alkyl boronates from alkenes by the mutual activation of the Togni II and the bis(catecholato)diboron reagents in the absence of any catalyst and additives. This reaction enables synthesizing a series of trifluoromethylated alkyl boronates using unactivated alkenes, including natural products and drug derivatives, in a regioselective manner. Moreover, the synthetic utility of the boronic ester present in the product allows access to a range of trifluoromethyl containing compounds. The radical trapping and gas detection experiments reveal that the more Lewis acidic diboron reagent determines the rapid formation of trifluoromethyl and boron centered radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Keerthika
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore, Bengaluru, 560012, India
| | - Bazil Muhammed S
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore, Bengaluru, 560012, India
| | - K Geetharani
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore, Bengaluru, 560012, India
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4
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Yang C, Shi W, Tian J, Guo L, Zhao Y, Xia W. Visible-light-induced radical cascade cyclization: a catalyst-free synthetic approach to trifluoromethylated heterocycles. Beilstein J Org Chem 2024; 20:118-124. [PMID: 38264451 PMCID: PMC10804559 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.20.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
A visible-light-promoted research protocol for constructing dihydropyrido[1,2-a]indolone skeletons is herein described proceeding through a cascade cyclization mediated by trifluoromethyl radicals. This method allows the efficient synthesis of various indole derivatives without the need of photocatalysts or transition-metal catalysts. Mechanism experiments indicate that the process involves a radical chain process initiated by the homolysis of Umemoto's reagent. This straightforward method enables a rapid access to heterocycles containing a trifluoromethyl group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Yang
- College of Chemical and Material Engineering, Quzhou University, Quzhou 324000, China
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Wei Shi
- College of Chemical and Material Engineering, Quzhou University, Quzhou 324000, China
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jian Tian
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Lin Guo
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yating Zhao
- College of Chemical and Material Engineering, Quzhou University, Quzhou 324000, China
| | - Wujiong Xia
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
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5
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Lv M, Wang Q, Zhang J, Wang Y, Zhang ZG, Wang T, Zhang H, Lu K, Wei Z, Deng D. Strengthening the Hetero-Molecular Interactions in Giant Dimeric Acceptors Enables Efficient Organic Solar Cells. Adv Mater 2024; 36:e2310046. [PMID: 37994223 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202310046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Giant dimeric acceptor (G-Dimer) is becoming one of the most promising organic solar cell (OSC) materials because of its definite structure, long-term stability, and high efficiency. Strengthening the hetero-molecular interactions by monomer modification greatly influences the morphology and thus the device performance, but lacks investigation. Herein, two novel quinoxaline core-based G-Dimers, Dimer-QX and Dimer-2CF, are synthesized. By comparing trifluoromethyl-substituted Dimer-2CF and non-substituted Dimer-QX, the trifluoromethylation effect on the G-Dimer is investigated and revealed. The trifluoromethyl with strong electronegativity increases electrostatic potential and reduces surface energy of the G-Dimer, weakening the homo-molecular ordered packing but reinforcing the hetero-molecular interaction with the donor. The strong hetero-molecular interaction suppresses the fast assembly during the film formation, facilitating small domains with ordered molecular packing in the blend, which is a trade-off in conventional morphology control. Together with favorable vertical phase separation, efficient charge generation, and reduced bimolecular recombination are concurrently obtained. Hence, the Dimer-2CF-based OSCs obtain a cutting-edge efficiency of 19.02% with fill factor surpassing 80%, and an averaged extrapolated T80 of ≈12 000 h under continuous 80 °C heating. This study emphasizes the importance of hetero-molecular interaction and trifluoromethylation strategy, providing a facile strategy for designing highly efficient and stable OSC materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Lv
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qingyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jianqi Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yuheng Wang
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China
| | - Zhi-Guo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Tong Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Kun Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhixiang Wei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Dan Deng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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6
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Dongxu Z. Trifluoromethylated hydrazones and acylhydrazones as potent nitrogen-containing fluorinated building blocks. Beilstein J Org Chem 2023; 19:1741-1754. [PMID: 38025086 PMCID: PMC10667715 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.19.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen-containing organofluorine derivatives, which are prepared using fluorinated building blocks, are among the most important active fragments in various pharmaceutical and agrochemical products. This review focuses on the reactivity, synthesis, and applications of fluoromethylated hydrazones and acylhydrazones. It summarizes recent methodologies that have been used for the synthesis of various nitrogen-containing organofluorine compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Dongxu
- Department of Fire Protection Engineering, China Fire and Rescue Institute, Beijing 102202, P. R. of China
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7
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Kuehner C, Hill AG, Harris CF, Owens CA, Bacsa J, Soper JD. Catalytic C-H Trifluoromethylation of Arenes and Heteroarenes via Visible Light Photoexcitation of a Co(III)-CF 3 Complex. ACS Catal 2023; 13:13607-13617. [PMID: 37881792 PMCID: PMC10594583 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.3c03832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
A cobalt photocatalyst for direct trifluoromethylation of (hetero)arene C(sp2)-H bonds is described and shown to operate via visible light activation of a Co-CF3 intermediate, which functions as a combined chromophore and organometallic reaction center. Chemical oxidations of previously reported (OCO)Co complexes containing a redox-active [OCO] pincer ligand afford a Co-CF3 complex two oxidation states above Co(II). Computational and spectroscopic studies are consistent with formulation of the product as [(OCO•)CoIII(CF3)(THF)(OTf)] (II) containing an open-shell [OCO•]1- radical ligand bound to a S = 0 Co(III) center. II is thermodynamically stable, but exposure to blue (440 nm) light induces Co-CF3 bond homolysis and release of •CF3, which is trapped by radical acceptors including TEMPO•, (hetero)arenes, or the radical [OCO•] ligand in II. The latter comprises a competitive degradation pathway, which is overcome under catalytic conditions by using excess substrate. Accordingly, generation of II from the reaction of [(OCO)CoIIL] (III) (L = THF, MeCN) with Umemoto's dibenzothiophenium trifluoromethylating reagent (1) followed by photolytic Co-CF3 bond activation completes a photoredox catalytic cycle for C-H (hetero)arene trifluoromethylation utilizing visible light. Electronic structure and photophysical studies, including time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) calculations, suggest that Co-CF3 bond homolysis at II occurs via an ligand-to-metal charge-transfer (LMCT) (OCO0)CoII(CF3) state, revealing ligand redox activity as a critical design feature and establishing design principles for the use of base metal chromophores for selectivity in photoredox bond activations occurring via free radical intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher
S. Kuehner
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute
of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
| | - Andrew G. Hill
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute
of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
| | - Caleb F. Harris
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute
of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
| | - Christian A. Owens
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute
of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
| | - John Bacsa
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute
of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
- X-ray
Crystallography Center, Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Jake D. Soper
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute
of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
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8
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Herbstritt D, Tomar P, Braun T. Activation of SF 5CF 3 by the N-Heterocyclic Carbene SIMes. Molecules 2023; 28:6693. [PMID: 37764468 PMCID: PMC10535660 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28186693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The greenhouse gas SF5CF3 was photochemically activated with SIMes (1,3-Bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-4,5-dihydroimidazol-2-ylidene) to give 1,3-dimesityl-2,2-difluoroimidazolidine (SIMesF2), and 1,3-dimesitylimidazolidine-2-sulfide, as well as the trifluoromethylated carbene derivative 1,3-dimesityl-2-fluoro-2-trifluoromethylimidazolidine. CF3 radicals, as well as SF4, serve presumably as intermediates of the conversions. In addition, the photochemical activation of SF5CF3 was performed in the presence of triphenylphosphine. The formation of triphenyldifluorophosphorane and triphenylphosphine sulfide was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Thomas Braun
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt–Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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9
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Hyeon Ka C, Kim S, Jin Cho E. Visible Light-Induced Metal-Free Fluoroalkylations. CHEM REC 2023; 23:e202300036. [PMID: 36942971 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Fluoroalkylation is a crucial synthetic process that enables the modification of molecules with fluoroalkyl groups, which can enhance the properties of compounds and have potential applications in medicine and materials science. The utilization of visible light-induced, metal-free methods is of particular importance as it provides an environmentally friendly alternative to traditional methods and eliminates the potential risks associated with metal-catalyst toxicity. This Account describes our studies on visible light-induced, metal-free fluoroalkylation processes, which include the use of organic photocatalysts or EDA complexes. We have utilized organophotocatalysts such as Nile red, tri(9-anthryl)borane, and an indole-based tetracyclic complex, as well as catalyst-free EDA chemistry through photoactive halogen bond formation or an unconventional transient ternary complex formation with nucleophilic fluoroalkyl source. A variety of π-systems including arenes/heteroarenes, alkenes, and alkynes have been successfully fluoroalkylated under the developed reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheol Hyeon Ka
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Seoyeon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jin Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
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10
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Kuninobu Y. Regioselective C-H Trifluoromethylation and Its Related Reactions of (Hetero)aromatic Compounds. CHEM REC 2023; 23:e202300003. [PMID: 36899485 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Fluorinated functional groups, including trifluoromethyl group, play important roles in the development of drugs, agrochemicals, and organic functional materials. Therefore, the development of highly effective and practical reactions to introduce fluorinated functional groups into (hetero)aromatic compounds is highly desirable. We have achieved several regioselective C-H trifluoromethylation and related reactions by electrophilic and nucleophilic activation of six-membered heteroaromatic compounds and steric protection of aromatic compounds. These reactions proceed in good to excellent yields, even on a gram scale, with high functional group tolerance, and are applicable to the regioselective trifluoromethylation of drug molecules. In this personal account, the background of the introduction reactions of fluorinated functional groups, our reaction designs to achieve regioselective C-H trifluoromethylation and the related reactions of (hetero)aromatic compounds are explained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichiro Kuninobu
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Interdisciplinary Engineering Sciences, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasugakoen, Kasuga-shi, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
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11
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Milzarek TM, Waser J. Synthesis of Trifluoromethylated Alkenes: Hypervalent Iodine Meets High-Valent Copper. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023:e202306128. [PMID: 37311164 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202306128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The first trifluoromethylation of vinylbenziodoxolones (VBX) is reported herein. The synthetic method is based bench-stable, high-valent copper(III) species and can be initiated under thermal conditions and/or irradiation (365 nm) giving access to trifluoromethylated alkenes stereoselectively. Various VBX reagents derived from tyrosine, cysteine, small peptides, thiols and amides can be used as precursors. The obtained alkenes could be further functionalized by reduction or epoxidation of the trifluoromethylated double bond. Furthermore, the method could be applied in a large-scale batch/flow synthesis and could be performed under visible light irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Michael Milzarek
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne: Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, ISIC, SWITZERLAND
| | - Jerome Waser
- Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, ISIC - Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis, EPFL BCH 4306 Batiment chimie UNIL, 1015, Lausanne, SWITZERLAND
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12
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Zimmer B, Auth T, Koszinowski K. Unimolecular reactivity of [Cu(R)(CF3)3]- complexes (R = organyl): stepwise vs. concerted mechanism in copper-mediated trifluoromethylation. Chemistry 2023:e202300725. [PMID: 37139922 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202300725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The cuprate complexes [Cu(R)(CF3)3]- (R = organyl) offer an efficient synthetic access to valuable trifluoromethylation products RCF3. Here, we use electrospray-ionization mass spectrometry to analyze the formation of these intermediates in solution and probe their fragmentation pathways in the gas phase. Furthermore, we explore the potential energy surfaces of these systems by quantum chemical calculations. Upon collisional activation, the [Cu(R)(CF3)3]- complexes (R = Me, Et, Bu, s Bu, allyl) afford the product ions [Cu(CF3)3]•- and [Cu(CF3)2]-. The former obviously results from an R• loss, whereas the latter originates either from the stepwise release of R• and CF3• radicals or a concerted reductive elimination of RCF3. The gas-phase fragmentation experiments as well as the quantum chemical calculations indicate that the preference for the stepwise reaction toward [Cu(CF3)2]- increases with the stability of the formed organyl radical R•. This finding suggests that the recombination of R• and CF3• radicals may possibly contribute to the formation of RCF3 from [Cu(R)(CF3)3]- in synthetic applications. In contrast, the [Cu(R)(CF3)3]- complexes (R = aryl) only yield [Cu(CF3)2]- when subjected to collision-induced dissociation. These species exclusively undergo a concerted reductive elimination because the competing stepwise pathway is disfavored by the low stability of aryl radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastian Zimmer
- University of Göttingen Faculty of Chemistry: Georg-August-Universitat Gottingen Fakultat fur Chemie, Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Tammannstr. 2, 37077, Göttingen, GERMANY
| | - Thomas Auth
- Georg-August-Universitat Gottingen Fakultat fur Chemie, Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Tammannstr. 2, 37077, Göttingen, GERMANY
| | - Konrad Koszinowski
- Georg-August-Universitat Gottingen, Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Tammannstr. 2, 37077, Göttingen, GERMANY
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13
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Liu H, He X, Chen Z, Zhang J, Fang X, Sun Z, Chu W. N-Trifluoromethyl Succinimide as a New Reagent for Direct C-H Trifluoromethylation of Free Anilines. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202300039. [PMID: 36815283 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
N-trifluoromethylsuccinimide (NTFS) as a new trifluoromethylation reagent was designed and prepared via Ag-CF3 , and applied to the direct trifluoromethylation of free aniline, and a series of trifluoromethyl products were obtained with good yields. The practicability of the protocol was verified by a gram-level experiment and the synthesis of the antiasthmatic drug Mabuterol. In addition, a possible radical mechanism was proposed and verified by related experiments. The protocol provided a new solution for C-H trifluoromethylation of free anilines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Liu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150080, P. R. China
| | - Xin He
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150080, P. R. China
| | - Zhicheng Chen
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150080, P. R. China
| | - Jingchao Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150080, P. R. China
| | - Xinjie Fang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150080, P. R. China
| | - Zhizhong Sun
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150080, P. R. China
| | - Wenyi Chu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150080, P. R. China
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14
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Aradi K, Kiss L. Carbo trifluoromethylations of C-C Multiple Bonds (Excluding Aryl- and Alkynyltrifluoromethylations). Chemistry 2022; 29:e202203499. [PMID: 36495039 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Organofluorine chemistry has become an expanding area of research in organic chemistry and drug design. The synthesis of fluorine-containing molecules has received high significance in synthetic chemistry. Trifluoromethylative difunctionalizations of carbon-carbon multiple bonds with the simultaneous introduction of a CF3 group and another function have considerable relevance. Because of the high importance of carbon-carbon bond-forming reactions in organic synthesis, carbotrifluoromethylations are considered to be a field of synthetic chemistry of increasing importance. Our current goal in this review is to summarize recent developments of various trifluoromethylation reactions (excluding aryl- and alkynyl-trifluoromethylations) taking into consideration several main approaches, such as alkenyltrifluoromethylation, alkyltrifluoromethylation, carbonyltrifluoromethylation, and cyanotrifluoromethylation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klára Aradi
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Stereochemistry Research Group, 1117, Budapest, Magyar Tudósok krt. 2, Hungary
| | - Loránd Kiss
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Stereochemistry Research Group, 1117, Budapest, Magyar Tudósok krt. 2, Hungary
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15
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Ma R, Ren Y, Deng Z, Wang KH, Wang J, Huang D, Hu Y, Lv X. Visible Light Promotes Cascade Trifluoromethylation/Cyclization, Leading to Trifluoromethylated Polycyclic Quinazolinones, Benzimidazoles and Indoles. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27238389. [PMID: 36500485 PMCID: PMC9737949 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficient visible-light-induced radical cascade trifluoromethylation/cyclization of inactivated alkenes with CF3Br, which is a nonhygroscopic, noncorrosive, cheap and industrially abundant chemical, was developed in this work, producing trifluoromethyl polycyclic quinazolinones, benzimidazoles and indoles under mild reaction conditions. The method features wide functional group compatibility and a broad substrate scope, offering a facile strategy to pharmaceutically produce valuable CF3-containing polycyclic aza-heterocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ransong Ma
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ren
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Zhoubin Deng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Ke-Hu Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Junjiao Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Danfeng Huang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yulai Hu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Xiaobo Lv
- Shanghai Sinofluoro Chemicals Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201321, China
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16
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Strauch C, Schroeder S, Grelier G, Niggemann M. Homolytic N-S Bond Cleavage in Vinyl Triflimides Enabled by Triplet-Triplet Energy Transfer. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201830. [PMID: 35793203 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Vinyl triflimides are a new compound class with unknown reactivity. A computational analysis identified homolytic cleavage of the N-Tf bond induced by triplet-triplet energy transfer (EnT) as a highly interesting reaction type that might be accessible. A combination of experimental and mechanistic work verified this hypothesis and proved the generated radicals to be amenable to radical-radical coupling. Thereby, vinyl triflimides were transformed into a range of α-quaternary, β-trifluoromethylated amines in a 1,2-difunctionalization reaction with no need for external CF3 reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Strauch
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Schroeder
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Gwendal Grelier
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Meike Niggemann
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
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17
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Mudshinge SR, Hammond GB, Umemoto T. Synthesis and applications of S-(trifluoromethyl)-2,8-bis(trifluoromethoxy)dibenzothiophenium triflate (Umemoto reagent IV). J Fluor Chem 2022; 261-262:110015. [PMID: 36246852 PMCID: PMC9558500 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2022.110015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A new, powerful, and easy-to-handle electrophilic trifluoromethylating agent, S-(trifluoromethyl)-2,8-bis(trifluoromethoxy)dibenzothiophenium triflate (Umemoto reagent IV), was developed. Due to the extraordinary electronic effect of trifluoromethoxy group, Umemoto reagent IV was easily synthesized by a one-pot method from readily available 3,3'-bis(trifluoromethoxy)biphenyl. It was shown that Umemoto reagent IV was more powerful than Umemoto reagent II and could trifluoromethylate many kinds of nucleophilic substrates more effectively. In addition, Umemoto reagent IV was successfully utilized for the preparation of trifluoromethyl nonaflate, a useful trifluoromethoxylating agent. The direct conversion of 2,8-bis(trifluoromethoxy)dibenzothiophene to Umemoto reagent IV with triflic anhydride was achieved, albeit in low yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagar R Mudshinge
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Gerald B Hammond
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Teruo Umemoto
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
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18
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Remete AM, Nonn M, Novák TT, Csányi D, Kiss L. Recent progress in aryl trifluoromethylation reactions of carbon-carbon multiple bonds. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202200395. [PMID: 35584374 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Due to the increasing relevance of fluorine-containing organic molecules in drug design, the synthesis of organofluorine compounds has gained high significance in synthetic organic chemistry. Trifluoromethylative difunctionalizations of carbon-carbon multiple bonds, with the simultaneous incorporation of a CF 3 group and another functional element, have considerable potential. Because of the high importance of carbon-carbon bond-forming reactions in organic synthesis, carbotrifluoromethylations and, in particular, aryltrifluoromethylations or heteroaryltrifluoromethylations are considered to be increasing fields of synthetic organic chemistry. The aim of the current review is to summarize recent developments of aryltrifluoromethylation or heteroaryltrifluoromethylation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attila M Remete
- University of Szeged: Szegedi Tudomanyegyetem, INSTITUTE OF PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY, HUNGARY
| | - Melinda Nonn
- HAS RCNS: Termeszettudomanyi Kutatokozpont, INSTITUTE OF MATERIALS AND ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY, HUNGARY
| | - Tamás T Novák
- HAS RCNS: Termeszettudomanyi Kutatokozpont, INSTITUTE OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY, HUNGARY
| | - Dorottya Csányi
- HAS RCNS: Termeszettudomanyi Kutatokozpont, INSTITUTE OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY, HUNGARY
| | - Lorand Kiss
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences: Termeszettudomanyi Kutatokozpont, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Magyar Tudósok krt, 1117, Budapest, HUNGARY
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19
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Zhang D, Zou XN, Wang XG, Su J, Luan TX, Fan W, Li PZ, Zhao Y. Highly Effective Photocatalytic Radical Reactions Triggered by a Photoactive Metal-Organic Framework. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:23518-23526. [PMID: 35537034 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c04331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
On account of their inherent reactive properties, radical reactions play an important role in organic syntheses. The booming photochemistry provides a feasible approach to trigger the generation of radical intermediates in organic reaction processes. Thus, developing effective photocatalysts becomes the key step in radical reactions. In this work, the triphenylamine moiety with photoactivity is successfully embedded in a highly porous and stable metal-organic framework (MOF), and the obtained MOF, namely, Zr-TCA, naturally displays a photoactive property derived from the triphenylamine-based ligand. In photocatalytic studies, the triphenylamine-based Zr-TCA not only exhibits a high catalytic activity on the aerobic oxidation of sulfides via the generation of the superoxide radical anion (O2•-) under light irradiation but also shows good efficiency in the trifluoromethylation of arenes and heteroarenes by the formation of the trifluoromethyl radical (CF3•) as an intermediate. Moreover, the high performance of Zr-TCA can be well maintained over a wide range of substrates in these radical reactions, and the recycled Zr-TCA still retains its excellent photocatalytic activity. The high recyclability and catalytic efficiency to various substrates make the constructed triphenylamine-based Zr-TCA a promising photocatalyst in diverse radical reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deshan Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, No. 27 Shanda South Road, Ji'nan 250100 Shandong Province, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Nan Zou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, No. 27 Shanda South Road, Ji'nan 250100 Shandong Province, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Ge Wang
- Analytical Instrumentation Center, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Jie Su
- Analytical Instrumentation Center, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Tian-Xiang Luan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, No. 27 Shanda South Road, Ji'nan 250100 Shandong Province, P. R. China
| | - Weiliu Fan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, No. 27 Shanda South Road, Ji'nan 250100 Shandong Province, P. R. China
| | - Pei-Zhou Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, No. 27 Shanda South Road, Ji'nan 250100 Shandong Province, P. R. China
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- Science Center for Material Creation and Energy Conversion, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237 Shandong Province, P. R. China
| | - Yanli Zhao
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
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20
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Shyshkov OO, Kolomeitsev AA, Hoge B, Lork E, Haupt A, Keßler M, Röschenthaler GV. Synthesis, Reactivity and Structural Properties of Trifluoromethylphosphoranides. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202104308. [PMID: 35025112 PMCID: PMC9305102 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202104308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Phosphoranides are interesting hypervalent species which serve as model compounds for intermediates or transition states in nucleophilic substitution reactions at trivalent phosphorus substrates. Herein, the syntheses and properties of stable trifluoromethylphosphoranide salts are reported. [K(18‐crown‐6)][P(CF3)4], [K(18‐crown‐6)][P(CF3)3F], and [NMe4][P(CF3)2F2] were obtained by treatment of trivalent precursors with sources of CF3− or F− units. These [P(CF3)4‐nFn]− (n=0–2) salts exhibit fluorinating (n=1–2) or trifluoromethylating (n=0) properties, which is disclosed by studying their reactivity towards selected electrophiles. The solid‐state structures of [K(18‐crown‐6)][P(CF3)4] and [K(18‐crown‐6)][P(CF3)3F] are ascertained by single crystal X‐ray crystallography. The dynamics of these compounds are investigated by variable temperature NMR spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg O Shyshkov
- Faculty 2: Biology/Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Crystallography, Universität Bremen, Leobener Straße 7, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Alexander A Kolomeitsev
- Faculty 2: Biology/Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Crystallography, Universität Bremen, Leobener Straße 7, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Berthold Hoge
- Centrum für Molekulare Materialien, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Enno Lork
- Faculty 2: Biology/Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Crystallography, Universität Bremen, Leobener Straße 7, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Axel Haupt
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University Bremen gGmbH, Campus Ring 1, 28759, Bremen, Germany
| | - Mira Keßler
- Centrum für Molekulare Materialien, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Gerd-Volker Röschenthaler
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University Bremen gGmbH, Campus Ring 1, 28759, Bremen, Germany
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21
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Lemmens V, Vos C, Bugaev AL, Vercammen J, Van Velthoven N, Gascon J, De Vos DE. Ru-Bipyridine Entrapped in the Supercages of EMC-1 Faujasite as Catalyst for the Trifluoromethylation of Arenes. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:971-977. [PMID: 34958546 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c19655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Trifluoromethyl (CF3) groups are versatile structural motifs especially in the field of agrochemicals and pharmaceuticals. However, current trifluoromethylation reactions are generally associated with stoichiometric amounts of transition metals/metal oxidants, homogeneous catalysts, high temperatures, and expensive trifluoromethylating agents. In this work, the homogeneous photocatalyst Ru(bipy)32+ is entrapped in the pores of a faujasite support (EMC-1) via a "ship-in-a-bottle" strategy. The formation of the coordination compound was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), UV-Vis spectroscopy, and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Due to its high stability toward acidified environments, this single-site heterogeneous catalyst is suitable for the trifluoromethylation of synthetically interesting (hetero)arenes under visible-light irradiation at room temperature. Furthermore, the heterogeneous catalyst could efficiently be reused for at least three times with minimal catalyst leaching/deactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Lemmens
- Centre For Membrane Separations, Adsorption, Catalysis, and Spectroscopy for Sustainable Solutions (cMACs), KU Leuven, Leuven 3001, Belgium
| | - Christophe Vos
- Centre For Membrane Separations, Adsorption, Catalysis, and Spectroscopy for Sustainable Solutions (cMACs), KU Leuven, Leuven 3001, Belgium
| | - Aram L Bugaev
- The Smart Materials Research Institute, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don 344090, Russia
| | - Jannick Vercammen
- Centre For Membrane Separations, Adsorption, Catalysis, and Spectroscopy for Sustainable Solutions (cMACs), KU Leuven, Leuven 3001, Belgium
| | - Niels Van Velthoven
- Centre For Membrane Separations, Adsorption, Catalysis, and Spectroscopy for Sustainable Solutions (cMACs), KU Leuven, Leuven 3001, Belgium
| | - Jorge Gascon
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dirk E De Vos
- Centre For Membrane Separations, Adsorption, Catalysis, and Spectroscopy for Sustainable Solutions (cMACs), KU Leuven, Leuven 3001, Belgium
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22
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Wu FP, Yuan Y, Wu XF. Copper-Catalyzed 1,2- Trifluoromethylation Carbonylation of Unactivated Alkenes: Efficient Access to β-Trifluoromethylated Aliphatic Carboxylic Acid Derivatives. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:25787-25792. [PMID: 34622558 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202112609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A novel copper-catalyzed carbonylative trifluoromethylation of unactivated alkenes has been developed. A broad range of β-trifluoromethylated carboxylic acid derivatives were prepared in moderate to excellent yields from simple alkenes with excellent regioselectivity. It is noteworthy that ethylene gas, as the simplest olefin, can also be applied directly to obtain β-trifluoromethylated amides and ester. This transformation presents the first example on carbonylative trifluoromethylation of alkenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Peng Wu
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V., Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Yang Yuan
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V., Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Xiao-Feng Wu
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V., Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a, 18059, Rostock, Germany.,Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 116023, Dalian, Liaoning, China
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23
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Deolka S, Govindarajan R, Khaskin E, Fayzullin RR, Roy MC, Khusnutdinova JR. Photoinduced Trifluoromethylation of Arenes and Heteroarenes Catalyzed by High-Valent Nickel Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:24620-24629. [PMID: 34477296 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202109953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We describe a series of air-stable NiIII complexes supported by a simple, robust naphthyridine-based ligand. Access to the high-valent oxidation state is enabled by the CF3 ligands on the nickel, while the naphthyridine exhibits either a monodentate or bidentate coordination mode that depends on the oxidation state and sterics, and enables facile aerobic oxidation of NiII to NiIII . These NiIII complexes act as efficient catalysts for photoinduced C(sp2 )-H bond trifluoromethylation reactions of (hetero)arenes using versatile synthetic protocols. This blue LED light-mediated catalytic protocol proceeds via a radical pathway and demonstrates potential in the late-stage functionalization of drug analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubham Deolka
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna-son, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
| | - Ramadoss Govindarajan
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna-son, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
| | - Eugene Khaskin
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna-son, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
| | - Robert R Fayzullin
- Abuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov Street, Kazan, 420088, Russian Federation
| | - Michael C Roy
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna-son, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
| | - Julia R Khusnutdinova
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna-son, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
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24
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Abstract
In ample variety of transformations, the presence of silver as an additive or co-catalyst is believed to be innocuous for the efficiency of the operating metal catalyst. Even though Ag additives are required often as coupling partners, oxidants or halide scavengers, its role as a catalytically competent species is widely neglected in cross-coupling reactions. Most likely, this is due to the erroneously assumed incapacity of Ag to undergo 2e- redox steps. Definite proof is herein provided for the required elementary steps to accomplish the oxidative trifluoromethylation of arenes through AgI /AgIII redox catalysis (i. e. CEL coupling), namely: i) easy AgI /AgIII 2e- oxidation mediated by air; ii) bpy/phen ligation to AgIII ; iii) boron-to-AgIII aryl transfer; and iv) ulterior reductive elimination of benzotrifluorides from an [aryl-AgIII -CF3 ] fragment. More precisely, an ultimate entry and full characterization of organosilver(III) compounds [K]+ [AgIII (CF3 )4 ]- (K-1), [(bpy)AgIII (CF3 )3 ] (2) and [(phen)AgIII (CF3 )3 ] (3), is described. The utility of 3 in cross-coupling has been showcased unambiguously, and a large variety of arylboron compounds was trifluoromethylated via [AgIII (aryl)(CF3 )3 ]- intermediates. This work breaks with old stereotypes and misconceptions regarding the inability of Ag to undergo cross-coupling by itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Demonti
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée (LHFA), Université Paul Sabatier, CNRS, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse, France
| | - Nathalie Saffon-Merceron
- Institut de Chimie de Toulouse ICT-UAR2599, Université Paul Sabatier, CNRS, 31062, Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - Nicolas Mézailles
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée (LHFA), Université Paul Sabatier, CNRS, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse, France
| | - Noel Nebra
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée (LHFA), Université Paul Sabatier, CNRS, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse, France
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25
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Shreiber ST, Vicic DA. Solvated Nickel Complexes as Stoichiometric and Catalytic Perfluoroalkylation Agents*. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:18162-18167. [PMID: 34076931 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202104559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The acetonitrile-solvated [(MeCN)Ni(C2 F5 )3 ]- was prepared in order to compare and contrast its reactivity with the known [(MeCN)Ni(CF3 )3 ]- towards organic electrophiles. Both [(MeCN)Ni(CF3 )3 ]- and [(MeCN)Ni(C2 F5 )3 ]- successfully react with aryl iodonium and diazonium salts as well as alkynyl iodonium salts to give fluoroalkylated organic products. Electrochemical analysis of [(MeCN)NiII (C2 F5 )3 ]- suggests that, upon electro-oxidation to [(MeCN)n NiIII (C2 F5 )3 ], reductive homolysis of a perfluoroethyl radical occurs, with the concomitant formation of [(MeCN)2 NiII (C2 F5 )2 ]. Catalytic C-H trifluoromethylations of electron-rich arenes were successfully achieved using either [(MeCN)Ni(CF3 )3 ]- or the related [Ni(CF3 )4 ]2- . Stoichiometric reactions of the solvated nickel complexes reveal that "ligandless" nickel is exceptionally capable of serving as reservoir of CF3 groups under catalytically relevant conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott T Shreiber
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, 6 E. Packer Avenue, Bethlehem, PA, 18015, USA
| | - David A Vicic
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, 6 E. Packer Avenue, Bethlehem, PA, 18015, USA
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26
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Bao L, Zhao B, Yang B, Halik M, Hauke F, Hirsch A. Hypervalent Iodine Compounds as Versatile Reagents for Extremely Efficient and Reversible Patterning of Graphene with Nanoscale Precision. Adv Mater 2021; 33:e2101653. [PMID: 34173280 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202101653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Rational patterning and tailoring of graphene relies on the disclosure of suitable reagents for structuring the target functionalities on the 2D-carbon network. Here, a series of hypervalent iodine compounds, namely, 1-chloro-1,2-benziodoxol-3(1H)-one, 1,3-dihydro-1-hydroxy-3,3-dimethyl-1,2-benziodoxole, and 3,3-dimethyl-1-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2-benziodoxole is reported to be extremely efficient for a diversified graphene patterning. The decomposition of these compounds generates highly reactive Cl, OH, and CF3 radicals exclusively in the irradiated areas, which subsequently attach onto the graphene leading to locally controlled chlorination, hydroxylation, and trifluoromethylation, respectively. This is the first realization of a patterned hydroxylation of graphene, and the degrees of functionalization of the patterned chlorination and trifluoromethylation are both unprecedented. The usage of these mild reagents here is reasonably facile compared to the reported methods using hazardous Cl2 or ICl and allows for sophisticated pattern designs with nanoscale precision, promising for arbitrary nanomanipulation of graphene's properties like hydrophilicity and conductivity by the three distinct functionalities (Cl, OH, and CF3 ). Moreover, the attachment of functional entities to these highly functionalized graphene nanoarchitectures is fully reversible upon thermal annealing, enabling a full writing/storing/reading/erasing control over the chemical information stored within graphene. This work provides an exciting clue for target 2D functionalization and modulation of graphene by using suitable hypervalent iodine compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lipiao Bao
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Joint Institute of Advanced Materials and Processes (ZMP), Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Baolin Zhao
- Organic Materials and Devices (OMD), Institute for Polymer Materials, Interdisciplinary Center for Nanostructured Films (IZNF), Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstraße 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Bowen Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Joint Institute of Advanced Materials and Processes (ZMP), Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Marcus Halik
- Organic Materials and Devices (OMD), Institute for Polymer Materials, Interdisciplinary Center for Nanostructured Films (IZNF), Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstraße 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Frank Hauke
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Joint Institute of Advanced Materials and Processes (ZMP), Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Hirsch
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Joint Institute of Advanced Materials and Processes (ZMP), Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
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27
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Zhang X, Wang H, Xie L, You C, Han X, Weng Z. Copper-Catalyzed Synthesis of 5-Aryl-6-(Trifluoromethyl)-2,3-Dihydropyrazolo[1,2-a]Pyrazol-1(5H)-One. Chem Asian J 2021; 16:2669-2673. [PMID: 34313007 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202100693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
An efficient protocol for the synthesis of 5-aryl-6-(trifluoromethyl)-2,3-dihydropyrazolo[1,2-a]pyrazol-1(5H)-one derivatives through a copper-catalyzed [3+2]-cycloaddition of azomethine imines with 3,3,3-trifluoropropyne (generated in situ from dehydrobromination of 2-bromo-3,3,3-trifluoropropene under base conditions) is developed. The advantages of this transformation are the broad substrate scope and the good functional group compatibility. The subsequent oxidation and nucleophilic substitution/aromatization provide a new approach to 4-trifluoromethylated pyrazol-1-yl propanoic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Storage Materials and Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, P. R. China
| | - Hui Wang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Storage Materials and Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, P. R. China
| | - Lili Xie
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Storage Materials and Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, P. R. China
| | - Chenhui You
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Storage Materials and Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Han
- Testing and Analysis Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Weng
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Storage Materials and Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, P. R. China
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28
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Jiang Y, Li B, Ma N, Shu S, Chen Y, Yang S, Huang Z, Shi D, Zhao Y. Photoredox-Catalyst-Enabled para-Selective Trifluoromethylation of tert-Butyl Arylcarbamates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:19030-19034. [PMID: 34160867 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202105631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The direct incorporation of a trifluoromethyl group on an aromatic ring using a radical pathway has been extensively investigated. However, the direct highly para-selective C-H trifluoromethylation of a class of arenes has not been achieved. In this study, we report a light-promoted 4,5-dichlorofluorescein (DCFS)-enabled para-selective C-H trifluoromethylation of arylcarbamates using Langlois reagent. The preliminary mechanistic study revealed that the activated organic photocatalyst coordinated with the arylcarbamate led to para-selective C-H trifluoromethylation. Ten-gram scale reaction performs well highlighting the synthetic importance of this new protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqiqi Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453000, P. R. China
| | - Bao Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453000, P. R. China
| | - Nana Ma
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453000, P. R. China
| | - Sai Shu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453000, P. R. China
| | - Yujie Chen
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453000, P. R. China
| | - Shan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453000, P. R. China
| | - Zhibin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453000, P. R. China
| | - Daqing Shi
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453000, P. R. China
| | - Yingsheng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453000, P. R. China
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29
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Chrominski M, Kowalska J, Jemielity J. Efficient Synthesis of Trifluoromethylated Purine Ribonucleosides and Ribonucleotides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 83:e118. [PMID: 32991077 DOI: 10.1002/cpnc.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The protocols presented in this article describe highly detailed synthesis of trifluoromethylated purine nucleotides and nucleosides (G and A). The procedure involves trifluoromethylation of properly protected (acetylated) nucleosides, followed by deprotection leading to key CF3 -containing nucleosides. This gives synthetic access to 8-CF3 -substituted guanosine derivatives and three adenosine derivatives (8-CF3 , 2-CF3 , and 2,8-diCF3 ). In further steps, phosphorylation and phosphate elongation (for selected examples) result in respective trifluoromethylated nucleoside mono-, di-, and triphosphates. Support protocols are included for compound handling, purification procedures, analytical sample preparation, and analytical techniques used throughout the performance of the basic protocols. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Synthesis of trifluoromethylated guanosine and adenosine derivatives Basic Protocol 2: Synthesis of trifluoromethylated guanosine and adenosine monophosphates Basic Protocol 3: Synthesis of phosphorimidazolides of 8-CF3 GMP and 8-CF3 AMP Basic Protocol 4: Synthesis of trifluoromethylated guanosine and adenosine oligophosphates Support Protocol 1: TLC sample preparation and analysis Support Protocol 2: Purification protocol for Basic Protocol 1 Support Protocol 3: HPLC analysis and preparative HPLC Support Protocol 4: Ion-exchange chromatography.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joanna Kowalska
- Division of Biophysics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Jemielity
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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30
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Kisukuri CM, Fernandes VA, Delgado JAC, Häring AP, Paixão MW, Waldvogel SR. Electrochemical Installation of CFH 2 -, CF 2 H-, CF 3 -, and Perfluoroalkyl Groups into Small Organic Molecules. CHEM REC 2021; 21:2502-2525. [PMID: 34151507 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Electrosynthesis can be considered a powerful and sustainable methodology for the synthesis of small organic molecules. Due to its intrinsic ability to generate highly reactive species under mild conditions by anodic oxidation or cathodic reduction, electrosynthesis is particularly interesting for otherwise challenging transformations. One such challenge is the installation of fluorinated alkyl groups, which has gained significant attention in medicinal chemistry and material science due to their unique physicochemical features. Unsurprisingly, several electrochemical fluoroalkylation methods have been established. In this review, we survey recent developments and established methods in the field of electrochemical mono-, di-, and trifluoromethylation, and perfluoroalkylation of small organic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila M Kisukuri
- Center of Excellence for Research in Sustainable Chemistry (CERSusChem), Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos - UFSCar São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil, -13565-905
| | - Vitor A Fernandes
- Center of Excellence for Research in Sustainable Chemistry (CERSusChem), Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos - UFSCar São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil, -13565-905
| | - José A C Delgado
- Center of Excellence for Research in Sustainable Chemistry (CERSusChem), Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos - UFSCar São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil, -13565-905
| | - Andreas P Häring
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Márcio W Paixão
- Center of Excellence for Research in Sustainable Chemistry (CERSusChem), Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos - UFSCar São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil, -13565-905
| | - Siegfried R Waldvogel
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
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31
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Fujihira Y, Liang Y, Ono M, Hirano K, Kagawa T, Shibata N. Synthesis of trifluoromethyl ketones by nucleophilic trifluoromethylation of esters under a fluoroform/KHMDS/triglyme system. Beilstein J Org Chem 2021; 17:431-438. [PMID: 33633811 PMCID: PMC7884878 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.17.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A straightforward method that enables the formation of biologically attractive trifluoromethyl ketones from readily available methyl esters using the potent greenhouse gas fluoroform (HCF3, HFC-23) was developed. The combination of fluoroform and KHMDS in triglyme at −40 °C was effective for this transformation, with good yields as high as 92%. Substrate scope of the trifluoromethylation procedure was explored for aromatic, aliphatic, and conjugated methyl esters. This study presents a straightforward trifluoromethylation process of various methyl esters that convert well to the corresponding trifluoromethyl ketones. The tolerance of various pharmacophores under the reaction conditions was also explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamato Fujihira
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-5888, Japan
| | - Yumeng Liang
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-5888, Japan
| | - Makoto Ono
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-5888, Japan
| | - Kazuki Hirano
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-5888, Japan
| | - Takumi Kagawa
- Tosoh Finechem Corporation, 4988, Kaiseicho, Shunan, 746-0006, Japan
| | - Norio Shibata
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-5888, Japan.,Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-5888, Japan.,Institute of Advanced Fluorine-Containing Materials, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Avenue, 321004 Jinhua, China
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32
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Kalim J, Duhail T, Pietrasiak E, Anselmi E, Magnier E, Togni A. Direct Trifluoromethylation of Alcohols Using a Hypervalent Iodosulfoximine Reagent. Chemistry 2021; 27:2638-2642. [PMID: 33241882 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202005104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The direct trifluoromethylation of a variety of aliphatic alcohols using a hypervalent iodosulfoximine reagent afforded the corresponding ethers in moderate to good yields (14-72 %). Primary, secondary, and even tertiary alcohols, including examples derived from natural products, underwent this transformation in the presence of catalytic amounts of zinc bis(triflimide). Typical reaction conditions involved a neat mixture of 6.0 equivalents of the alcohol with 1.0 equivalent of the reagent, with the majority of reactions complete within 2 h with 2.5 mol % of the Lewis acid catalyst. Furthermore, experimental evidence was provided that the C-O bond-forming process occurred via the coordination of the alcohol to the iodine atom and subsequent reductive elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorna Kalim
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thibaut Duhail
- CNRS, UMR 8180, Institut Lavoisier de Versailles, Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, 78035, Versailles Cedex, France
| | - Ewa Pietrasiak
- Pahong University of Science and Technology, Pahong, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Elsa Anselmi
- CNRS, UMR 8180, Institut Lavoisier de Versailles, Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, 78035, Versailles Cedex, France.,Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université de Tours, 37200, Tours, France
| | - Emmanuel Magnier
- CNRS, UMR 8180, Institut Lavoisier de Versailles, Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, 78035, Versailles Cedex, France
| | - Antonio Togni
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
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33
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Meng Q, Döben N, Studer A. Cooperative NHC and Photoredox Catalysis for the Synthesis of β-Trifluoromethylated Alkyl Aryl Ketones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:19956-19960. [PMID: 32700458 PMCID: PMC7693039 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202008040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Despite the great potential of radical chemistry in organic synthesis, N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-catalyzed reactions involving radical intermediates are not well explored. This communication reports the three-component coupling of aroyl fluorides, styrenes and the Langlois reagent (CF3 SO2 Na) to give various β-trifluoromethylated alkyl aryl ketones with good functional group tolerance in moderate to high yields by cooperative photoredox/NHC catalysis. The alkene acyltrifluoromethylation proceeds via radical/radical cross coupling of ketyl radicals with benzylic C-radicals. The ketyl radicals are generated via SET reduction of in situ formed acylazolium ions whereas the benzylic radicals derive from trifluoromethyl radical addition onto styrenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing‐Yuan Meng
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutWestfälische Wilhelms-UniversitätCorrensstrasse 4048149MünsterGermany
| | - Nadine Döben
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutWestfälische Wilhelms-UniversitätCorrensstrasse 4048149MünsterGermany
| | - Armido Studer
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutWestfälische Wilhelms-UniversitätCorrensstrasse 4048149MünsterGermany
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34
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Uchikura T, Kamiyama N, Ishikawa T, Akiyama T. Catalytic trifluoromethylation of iodoarenes by use of 2-trifluoromethylated benzimidazoline as trifluoromethylating reagent. Beilstein J Org Chem 2020; 16:2442-2447. [PMID: 33082878 PMCID: PMC7537379 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.16.198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The trifluoromethylation of iodoarenes was accomplished by use of a 2-trifluoromethylbenzimidazoline derivative as the trifluoromethylating reagent and a catalytic amount of Cu(I) in the presence of 2,2'-bipyridyl as the ligand. Through a mechanistic study, we found that the oxidative addition of the iodoarene to the Cu(I)–CF3 species is the rate-determining step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuhiro Uchikura
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gakushuin University, Mejiro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo, 171-8588, Japan
| | - Nanami Kamiyama
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gakushuin University, Mejiro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo, 171-8588, Japan
| | - Taisuke Ishikawa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gakushuin University, Mejiro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo, 171-8588, Japan
| | - Takahiko Akiyama
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gakushuin University, Mejiro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo, 171-8588, Japan
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35
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Gyorfi N, Farkas E, Nemet N, Weber C, Novak Z, Kotschy A. Copper-Catalyzed Trifluoromethylation of Alkoxypyridine Derivatives. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25204766. [PMID: 33081411 PMCID: PMC7587554 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25204766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The trifluoromethylation of aromatic and heteroaromatic cores has attracted considerable interest in recent years due to its pharmacological relevance. We studied the extension of a simple copper-catalyzed trifluoromethylation protocol to alkoxy-substituted iodopyridines and their benzologs. The trifluoromethylation proceeded smoothly in all cases, and the desired compounds were isolated and characterized. In the trifluoromethylation of 3-iodo-4-methoxyquinoline, we observed a concomitant O-N methyl migration, resulting in the trifluoromethylated quinolone as a product. Overall, the described procedure should facilitate the broader use of copper-catalyzed trifluoromethylation in medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandor Gyorfi
- Servier Research Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Záhony u. 7., H-1031 Budapest, Hungary; (N.G.); (E.F.); (N.N.); (C.W.)
| | - Emese Farkas
- Servier Research Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Záhony u. 7., H-1031 Budapest, Hungary; (N.G.); (E.F.); (N.N.); (C.W.)
| | - Norbert Nemet
- Servier Research Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Záhony u. 7., H-1031 Budapest, Hungary; (N.G.); (E.F.); (N.N.); (C.W.)
| | - Csaba Weber
- Servier Research Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Záhony u. 7., H-1031 Budapest, Hungary; (N.G.); (E.F.); (N.N.); (C.W.)
| | - Zoltan Novak
- Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd Unversity, Pázmány Péter s. 1/A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Andras Kotschy
- Servier Research Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Záhony u. 7., H-1031 Budapest, Hungary; (N.G.); (E.F.); (N.N.); (C.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +36-1-881-2000
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36
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Tan Y, Wang J, Zhang HY, Zhang Y, Zhao J. The C3-H Bond Functionalization of Quinoxalin-2(1 H)-Ones With Hypervalent Iodine(III) Reagents. Front Chem 2020; 8:582. [PMID: 32850624 PMCID: PMC7432307 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The modification of quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones via direct C-H bond functionalization has begun to receive widespread attention, due to quinoxalin-2(1H)-one derivatives' various biological activities and pharmaceutical properties. This mini review concentrates on the accomplishments of arylation, trifluoromethylation, alkylation, and alkoxylation of quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones with hypervalent iodine(III) reagents as reaction partners or oxidants. The reaction conditions and mechanisms are compared and discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushi Tan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chemical Process Safety, Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Technology & High Efficient Energy Saving, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiabo Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chemical Process Safety, Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Technology & High Efficient Energy Saving, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Hong-Yu Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chemical Process Safety, Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Technology & High Efficient Energy Saving, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuecheng Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chemical Process Safety, Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Technology & High Efficient Energy Saving, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiquan Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chemical Process Safety, Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Technology & High Efficient Energy Saving, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
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37
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Granados A, Vallribera A. Asymmetric Preparation of α-Quaternary Fluorinated β-keto Esters. Review. Molecules 2020; 25:E3264. [PMID: 32708946 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25143264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
In this review, recent advances over the past decade in the preparation of fluorinated stereogenic quaternary centers on β-keto esters compounds are analyzed. Since the incorporation of fluorine and fluorinated groups is of special interest in pharmaceutical chemistry, a range of metal-catalyzed and organocatalyzed methods have been developed. Herein, we review the enantioselective fluorination, trifluoromethylation and trifluoromethylthiolation of 3-oxo esters. The scope, the induction of enantioselectivity and mechanistic investigations are presented.
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38
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Nebra N. High-Valent Ni III and Ni IV Species Relevant to C-C and C-Heteroatom Cross-Coupling Reactions: State of the Art. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25051141. [PMID: 32143336 PMCID: PMC7179250 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25051141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ni catalysis constitutes an active research arena with notable applications in diverse fields. By analogy with its parent element palladium, Ni catalysts provide an appealing entry to build molecular complexity via cross-coupling reactions. While Pd catalysts typically involve a M0/MII redox scenario, in the case of Ni congeners the mechanistic elucidation becomes more challenging due to their innate properties (like enhanced reactivity, propensity to undergo single electron transformations vs. 2e− redox sequences or weaker M–Ligand interaction). In recent years, mechanistic studies have demonstrated the participation of high-valent NiIII and NiIV species in a plethora of cross-coupling events, thus accessing novel synthetic schemes and unprecedented transformations. This comprehensive review collects the main contributions effected within this topic, and focuses on the key role of isolated and/or spectroscopically identified NiIII and NiIV complexes. Amongst other transformations, the resulting NiIII and NiIV compounds have efficiently accomplished: i) C–C and C–heteroatom bond formation; ii) C–H bond functionalization; and iii) N–N and C–N cyclizative couplings to forge heterocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noel Nebra
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée, Université Paul Sabatier/CNRS UMR 5069, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France
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39
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Vysochanskaya ON, Brotsman VA, Goryunkov AA, Feiler CG, Troyanov SI. Fused-Pentagon Isomers of C 60 Fullerene Isolated as Chloro and Trifluoromethyl Derivatives. Chemistry 2020; 26:2338-2341. [PMID: 31849115 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The carbon cage of buckminsterfullerene Ih -C60 , which obeys the Isolated-Pentagon Rule (IPR), can be transformed to non-IPR cages in the course of high-temperature chlorination of C60 or C60 Cl30 with SbCl5 . The non-IPR chloro derivatives were isolated chromatographically (HPLC) and characterized crystallographically as 1809 C60 Cl16 , 1810 C60 Cl24 , and 1805 C60 Cl24 , which contain, respectively two, four, and four pairs of fused pentagons in the carbon cage. High-temperature trifluoromethylation of the chlorination products with CF3 I afforded a non-IPR CF3 derivative, 1807 C60 (CF3 )12 , which contains four pairs of fused pentagons in the carbon cage. Addition patterns of non-IPR chloro and CF3 derivatives were compared and discussed in terms of the formation of stabilizing local substructures on fullerene cages. A detailed scheme of the experimentally confirmed non-IPR C60 isomers obtained by Stone-Wales cage transformations is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga N Vysochanskaya
- Chemistry Department, Moscow State University, Leninskie gory, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Victor A Brotsman
- Chemistry Department, Moscow State University, Leninskie gory, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey A Goryunkov
- Chemistry Department, Moscow State University, Leninskie gory, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Christian G Feiler
- Laboratory of Macromolecular Crystallography, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sergey I Troyanov
- Chemistry Department, Moscow State University, Leninskie gory, 119991, Moscow, Russia
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40
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Abstract
Data concerning the isomeric composition of C98 and the chemistry of C98 derivatives are scarce due to very low abundance of C98 in the fullerene soot. Trifluoromethylation of C98 -containing mixtures followed by HPLC separation of CF3 derivatives and single crystal X-ray diffraction study resulted in structural characterization of four compounds C98 (248)(CF3 )18/20 , C98 (116)(CF3 )18 , and C98 (120)(CF3 )20 . To date, these compounds represent the largest fullerenes isolated as CF3 derivatives with experimentally determined molecular structures. The addition patterns of C98 (CF3 )18/20 are discussed in detail revealing the stabilizing factors, such as isolated double C=C bonds and benzenoid rings on C98 fullerene cages. A detailed comparison with the addition patterns of the known C98 Cln allowed us to contribute to the better understanding the chemistry of elusive C98 fullerene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadezhda B Tamm
- Chemistry Department, Moscow State University, Leninskie gory, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Runnan Guan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei, 230026, P.R. China
| | - Shangfeng Yang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei, 230026, P.R. China
| | - Sergey I Troyanov
- Chemistry Department, Moscow State University, Leninskie gory, 119991, Moscow, Russia
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41
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Weitkamp RF, Neumann B, Stammler HG, Hoge B. Generation and Applications of the Hydroxide Trihydrate Anion, [OH(OH 2 ) 3 ] - , Stabilized by a Weakly Coordinating Cation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:14633-14638. [PMID: 31373109 PMCID: PMC6790940 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201908589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of a strongly basic phosphazene (Schwesinger base) with water afforded the corresponding metastable hydroxide trihydrate [OH(OH2)3]− salt. This is the first hydroxide solvate that is not in contact with a cation and furthermore one of rare known water‐stabilized hydroxide anions. Thermolysis in vacuum results in the decomposition of the hydroxide salt and quantitative liberation of the free phosphazene base. This approach was used to synthesize the Schwesinger base from its hydrochloride salt after anion exchange in excellent yields of over 97 %. This deprotonation method can also be used for the phosphazene‐base‐catalyzed preparation of the Ruppert–Prakash reagent Me3SiCF3 using fluoroform (HCF3) as the trifluoromethyl building block and sodium hydroxide as the formal deprotonation agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin F Weitkamp
- Centrum für Molekulare Materialien, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Beate Neumann
- Centrum für Molekulare Materialien, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Stammler
- Centrum für Molekulare Materialien, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Berthold Hoge
- Centrum für Molekulare Materialien, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
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42
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Shi X, Li X, Li X, Shi D. Ligand- and Additive-Free 2-Position-Selective Trifluoromethylation of Heteroarenes Under Ambient Conditions. Front Chem 2019; 7:613. [PMID: 31552228 PMCID: PMC6743045 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A highly selective copper-catalyzed trifluoromethylation of indoles is reported with the assistance of a removable directing group. This protocol provides an easy and rapid method to various 2-position-selective trifluoromethylated heteroarenes including indoles, pyrroles, benzofuran, and acetanilide. What is more, the reaction takes place at ambient conditions without any external ligand or additive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Shi
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaowei Li
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangqian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Dayong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
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43
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Wu Y, Zhang Y, Yang Z, Jiao J, Zheng X, Feng W, Zhang M, Cheng H, Tang L. Dual Roles of tert-Butyl Nitrite in the Transition Metal- and External Oxidant-Free Trifluoromethyloximation of Alkenes. ChemSusChem 2019; 12:3960-3966. [PMID: 31359635 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201901856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
By employing tert-butyl nitrite as both nitrogen source and oxidant, the trifluoromethyloximation of alkenes proceeds smoothly in a free-radical process. The developed difunctionalization reaction enables practical and efficient synthesis of a wide range of α-CF3 ketoximes in moderate yields with excellent regioselectivity. This method features the use of readily available and stable alkenes as substrates and inexpensive CF3 SO2 Na as a CF3 reagent, no involvement of transition metals or external oxidant, and room-temperature conditions. Moreover, a scale-up of the reaction, further transformation of the products into various valuable CF3 -containing compounds, and removal of the trifluoromethyl group are readily achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Wu
- School of Pharmacy &, Collaborative Innovation Center for Respiratory Disease Diagnosis and Treatment &, Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, P. R. China
| | - Yanli Zhang
- School of Pharmacy &, Collaborative Innovation Center for Respiratory Disease Diagnosis and Treatment &, Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000, P. R. China
| | - Jingchao Jiao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoke Zheng
- School of Pharmacy &, Collaborative Innovation Center for Respiratory Disease Diagnosis and Treatment &, Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, P. R. China
| | - Weisheng Feng
- School of Pharmacy &, Collaborative Innovation Center for Respiratory Disease Diagnosis and Treatment &, Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, P. R. China
| | - Mengsha Zhang
- School of Pharmacy &, Collaborative Innovation Center for Respiratory Disease Diagnosis and Treatment &, Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, P. R. China
| | - Hao Cheng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000, P. R. China
| | - Lin Tang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000, P. R. China
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44
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Ye F, Berger F, Jia H, Ford J, Wortman A, Börgel J, Genicot C, Ritter T. Aryl Sulfonium Salts for Site-Selective Late-Stage Trifluoromethylation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:14615-14619. [PMID: 31389649 PMCID: PMC7754511 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201906672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Incorporation of the CF3 group into arenes has found increasing importance in drug discovery. Herein, we report the first photoredox-catalyzed cross-coupling of aryl thianthrenium salts with a copper-based trifluoromethyl reagent, which enables a site-selective late-stage trifluoromethylation of arenes. The reaction proceeds with broad functional group tolerance, even for complex small molecules on gram scale. The method was further extended to produce pentafluoroethylated derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Ye
- Department Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Florian Berger
- Department Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Hao Jia
- Department Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Joseph Ford
- Department Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Alan Wortman
- Department Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Jonas Börgel
- Department Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Christophe Genicot
- Global Chemistry, UCB Medicines, UCB Biopharma, Braine-L'Alleud, 1420, Belgium
| | - Tobias Ritter
- Department Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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45
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Zhao Z, Ma KCY, Legault CY, Murphy GK. Denitrogenative Hydro trifluoromethylation of Benzaldehyde Hydrazones: Synthesis of (2,2,2-Trifluoroethyl)arenes. Chemistry 2019; 25:11240-11245. [PMID: 31276254 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201902818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Reacting hydrazones of arylaldehydes with Togni's CF3 -benziodoxolone reagent, in the presence of potassium hydroxide and cesium fluoride, induces a denitrogenative hydrotrifluoromethylation event to produce (2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)arenes. This novel reaction was tolerant to many electronically-diverse functional groups and substitution patterns, as well as naphthyl- and heteroaryl-derived substrates. Advantages of this process include the easy access to hydrazone precursors on a large scale, speed and operational simplicity, and being transition metal-free.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhensheng Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W., Waterloo, ON, N2L3G1, Canada
| | - Kevin C Y Ma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W., Waterloo, ON, N2L3G1, Canada
| | - Claude Y Legault
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1K2R1, Canada
| | - Graham K Murphy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W., Waterloo, ON, N2L3G1, Canada
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46
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Guo S, AbuSalim DI, Cook SP. 1,2-(Bis) trifluoromethylation of Alkynes: A One-Step Reaction to Install an Underutilized Functional Group. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:11704-11708. [PMID: 31206968 PMCID: PMC7065645 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201905247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Modifying the electronic properties of olefins is the quintessential approach to tuning alkene reactivity. In this context, the exploration of trifluoromethyl groups as divergent electronic modifiers has not been considered. In this work, we describe a copper-mediated 1,2-(bis)trifluoromethylation of acetylenes to create E-hexafluorobutenes (E-HFBs) under blue light in a single step. The reaction proceeds with high yield and E/Z selectivity. Since the alkyne captures two trifluoromethyl groups from each molecule of bpyCu(CF3 )3 , mechanistic studies were conducted to illuminate the role of the reactants. Interestingly, E-HFBs exhibit remarkable stability to standard olefin functionalization reactions in spite of the pendant trifluoromethyl groups. This finding has significant implications for medicine, agroscience, and materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, IN 47405 (United States)
| | - Deyaa I. AbuSalim
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, IN 47405 (United States)
| | - Silas P. Cook
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, IN 47405 (United States)
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47
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Martínez de Salinas S, Mudarra ÁL, Odena C, Martínez Belmonte M, Benet-Buchholz J, Maseras F, Pérez-Temprano MH. Exploring the Role of Coinage Metalates in Trifluoromethylation: A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Study. Chemistry 2019; 25:9390-9394. [PMID: 30714647 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201900496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Despite the known nucleophilic nature of [M(CF3 )2 ]- (M=Cu, Ag, Au) complexes, their participation in trifluoromethylation reactions of aryl halides remains unexplored. Here, for the first time, selective access to a [Cu(CF3 )2 ]- species is reported, which is ubiquitous in Cu-mediated trifluoromethylations, and we rationalize its complex mechanistic scenario as well as its behavior compared to its silver and gold congeners through a combination of experimental and computational approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Martínez de Salinas
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Avgda. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Ángel L Mudarra
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Avgda. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain.,Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/ Marcelli Domingo s/n, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Carlota Odena
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Avgda. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain.,Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/ Marcelli Domingo s/n, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Marta Martínez Belmonte
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Avgda. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Jordi Benet-Buchholz
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Avgda. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Feliu Maseras
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Avgda. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain.,Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Mónica H Pérez-Temprano
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Avgda. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
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48
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Wang Q, Qu Y, Tian H, Liu Y, Song H, Wang Q. Trifluoromethylation and Monofluoroalkenylation of Alkenes through Radical-Radical Cross-Coupling. Chemistry 2019; 25:8686-8690. [PMID: 31025767 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201901349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The first visible-light-induced trifluoromethylation and monofluoroalkenylation of simple alkenes via a challenging radical-radical cross-coupling step was achieved. This method provided a mild, step-economical and redox-neutral route to privileged two different fluorinated difunctionalized allyl compounds. The utility of this method is illustrated by late-stage modification of medically important molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science, and Engineering (Tianjin), Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yi Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science, and Engineering (Tianjin), Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Hao Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science, and Engineering (Tianjin), Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yuxiu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science, and Engineering (Tianjin), Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Hongjian Song
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science, and Engineering (Tianjin), Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Qingmin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science, and Engineering (Tianjin), Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
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49
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Liebing P, Kalim J, Arefyeva N, Oehler F, Wickleder M, Togni A. A Tunable Trifluoromethyliodonium Reagent. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:8585-8588. [PMID: 31016799 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201903623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Four complexes of MCl4 (M=Ti, Zr, Hf) with the hypervalent trifluoromethyl iodine reagent trifluoromethyl-1,3-dihydro-3,3-dimethyl-1,2-benziodoxole (1,=L) are described. With TiCl4 , an I-O bond cleavage occurs, leading to the formation of the trifluoromethyliodonium alcoholate complexes [Ti2 Cl6 (L)4 ]Cl2 (2 a) and Ti2 Cl8 (L) (2 b). Reactions with ZrCl4 and HfCl4 form the complexes ZrCl4 (L)2 (3) and HfCl4 (L)2 (4), respectively, wherein the original I-O bond is retained and elongated compared to that in free 1. Therefore, the reactivity of 1 can be easily and practically fine-tuned by addition of different metal chlorides, following the order ZrCl4 /HfCl4 <TiCl4 <2 TiCl4 . Complexes 2 a, 3, and 4 are remarkably bench-stable forms of activated reagent 1, while 2 b is readily accessible in situ. 2 a and 2 b represent the first "real" trifluoromethyliodonium reagents derived from iodanes, that is, with the I-O bond being completely cleaved. The new complexes were shown to be useful for the trifluoromethylation of para-toluenesulfonate under aprotic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phil Liebing
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland.,Current Address: Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg, Institut für Chemie, Universitätsplatz 2, 39108, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Jorna Kalim
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Natalia Arefyeva
- University of Cologne, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Greinstrasse 6, 50939, Cologne, Germany
| | - Florian Oehler
- Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Institut für Chemie, Kurt-Mothes-Strasse 2, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Mathias Wickleder
- University of Cologne, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Greinstrasse 6, 50939, Cologne, Germany
| | - Antonio Togni
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
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50
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Tamm NB, Guan R, Yang S, Kemnitz E, Troyanov SI. Chlorination-Promoted Cage Transformation of IPR C 92 Discovered via Trifluoromethylation under Formation of Non-classical C 92 (NC)(CF 3 ) 22. Chem Asian J 2019; 14:2108-2111. [PMID: 31091007 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201900469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
High-temperature trifluoromethylation of isolated-pentagon-rule (IPR) fullerene C92 chlorination products followed by HPLC separation of C92 (CF3 )n derivatives resulted in the isolation and X-ray structural characterization of IPR C92 (38)(CF3 )18 and non-classical C92 (NC)(CF3 )22 . The formation of C92 (38)(CF3 )18 as the highest CF3 derivative of the known isomer C92 (38) can be expected. The formation of C92 (NC)(CF3 )22 was interpreted as chlorination-promoted cage transformation of C92 (38) followed by trifluoromethylation of non-classical C92 (NC) chloride. Noticeably, C92 (NC)(CF3 )22 shows the highest degree of trifluoromethylation among all known CF3 derivatives of fullerenes. The addition patterns of C92 (38)(CF3 )18 and C92 (NC)(CF3 )22 are discussed and compared to the chlorination patterns of C92 (38)Cln compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadezhda B Tamm
- Chemistry Department, Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Runnan Guan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), 230026, Hefei, China
| | - Shangfeng Yang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), 230026, Hefei, China
| | - Erhard Kemnitz
- Institute of Chemistry, Humboldt University Berlin, Brook-Taylor.-Str. 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sergey I Troyanov
- Chemistry Department, Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 119991, Moscow, Russia
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