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Yu X, Ding P, Yang D, Yan P, Wang H, Yang S, Wu J, Wang Z, Sun H, Chen Z, Xie L, Ge Z. Self-Assembled Molecules with Asymmetric Backbone for Highly Stable Binary Organic Solar Cells with 19.7 % Efficiency. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202401518. [PMID: 38459749 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202401518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
The hole-transporting material (HTM), poly (3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene) poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT : PSS), is the most widely used material in the realization of high-efficiency organic solar cells (OSCs). However, the stability of PEDOT : PSS-based OSCs is quite poor, arising from its strong acidity and hygroscopicity. In addition, PEDOT : PSS has an absorption in the infrared region and high highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy level, thus limiting the enhancement of short-circuit current density (Jsc) and open-circuit voltage (Voc), respectively. Herein, two asymmetric self-assembled molecules (SAMs), namely BrCz and BrBACz, were designed and synthesized as HTM in binary OSCs based on the well-known system of PM6 : Y6, PM6 : eC9, PM6 : L8-BO, and D18 : eC9. Compared with BrCz, BrBACz shows larger dipole moment, deeper work function and lower surface energy. Moreover, BrBACz not only enhances photon harvesting in the active layer, but also minimizes voltage losses as well as improves interface charge extraction/ transport. Consequently, the PM6 : eC9-based binary OSC using BrBACz as HTM exhibits a champion efficiency of 19.70 % with a remarkable Jsc of 29.20 mA cm-2 and a Voc of 0.856 V, which is a record efficiency for binary OSCs so far. In addition, the unencapsulated device maintains 95.0 % of its original efficiency after 1,000 hours of storage at air ambient, indicating excellent long-term stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueliang Yu
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
- College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China
| | - Pengfei Ding
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Daobin Yang
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Pengyu Yan
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Hongqian Wang
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Shuncheng Yang
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Zhongqiang Wang
- College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China
| | - He Sun
- Innovation Center for Organic Electronics (INOEL), Yamagata University, Yonezawa, 992-0119, Japan
| | - Zhenyu Chen
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lin Xie
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Ziyi Ge
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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Sun W, Wang L, Fu Y, Guo C, Zhou J, Chen C, Liu C, Gan Z, Yan K, Li W. Brominated Quaternary Ammonium Salt-Assisted Hybrid Electron Transport Layer for High-Performance Conventional Organic Solar Cells. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2024. [PMID: 38656920 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c02150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Interlayer engineering is crucial for achieving efficient and stable organic solar cells (OSCs). Herein, by introducing a commercialized brominated quaternary ammonium salt, hexamethonium bromide (HB), into a perylene diimide (PDI)-structured electron transport layer (ETL), a PDINN:HB hybrid ETL with enhanced charge collection ability and environmental/operational stability is realized. Molecular dynamics simulations and Kelvin probe force microscopy indicate that strong polar bromine and amine groups can form extra interfacial dipoles in the hybrid interlayer, while X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and electron paramagnetic resonance suggest the hybrid ETL can interact with the Ag cathode, thereby regulating the energy level arrangement at the interface. As for the results, the PDINN:HB hybrid ETL enables improved power conversion efficiency (PCE) from 17.8 to 18.4% and 18.8 to 19.4% in PM6:C5-16 bulk heterojunction- and PM6/L8-BO pseudobulk heterojunction-based OSCs, respectively. The versatility of this method is further verified by introducing a range of brominated quaternary ammonium salts into PDINN, in which a superior PCE and stability are all obtained compared to the reference device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Liang Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yiwei Fu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chuanhang Guo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chen Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chenhao Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zirui Gan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Kui Yan
- School of Materials and Microelectronics, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Wei Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
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Li R, Hu Y, Xu Y, Wang C, Li X, Liang S, Liu B, Li W. Dimerized Nonfused Electron Acceptor Based on a Thieno[3,4- c]pyrrole-4,6-dione Core for Organic Solar Cells. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2024. [PMID: 38651607 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c01354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
In this work, the first dimerized nonfused electron acceptor (NFEA), based on thieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione as the core, has been designed and synthesized. The dimerized acceptor and its single counterpart exhibit similar energy levels but different absorption spectra due to their distinct aggregation behavior. The dimerized acceptor-based organic solar cells (OSCs) demonstrate a higher power conversion efficiency of 11.05%, accompanied by enhanced thermal stability. This improvement is attributed to the enhancement of the short-circuit current density and fill factor, along with an increase in the glass transition temperature. Characterizations of exciton dynamics and film morphology reveal that a dimerized acceptor-based device possesses an enhanced exciton dissociation efficiency and a well-established charge transport pathway, explaining its improved photovoltaic performance. All these results indicate that the dimerized NFEA as a promising candidate can achieve efficiency-stability-cost balance in OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruonan Li
- School of Physical Science and Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, P. R. China
| | - Yuandu Hu
- School of Physical Science and Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, P. R. China
| | - Yunhua Xu
- School of Physical Science and Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, P. R. China
| | - Chao Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Xin Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Shijie Liang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Baiqiao Liu
- Research Center for Frontier Fundamental Studies, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Weiwei Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
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4
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Pang S, Liu X, Pan L, Oh J, Yang C, Duan C. Chalcogen Atoms Regulate the Organic Solar Cell Performance of B-N-Based Polymer Donors. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2024. [PMID: 38637913 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c01987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Donor polymers play a key role in the development of organic solar cells (OSCs). B-N-based polymer donors, as new types of materials, have attracted a lot of attention due to their special characteristics, such as high E(T1), small ΔEST, and easy synthesis, and they can be processed with real green solvents. However, the relationship between the chemical structure and device performance has not been systematically studied. Herein, chalcogen atoms that regulate the OSCs performance of B-N-based polymer donors were systematically studied. Fortunately, the substitution of a halogen atom did not affect the high E(T1) and small ΔEST character of the B-N-based polymer. The absorption and energy levels of the polymer were systematically regulated by O, S, and Se atom substitution. The PBNT-TAZ:Y6-BO-based OSCs device demonstrated a high power conversion efficiency of 15.36%. Moreover, the layer-by-layer method was applied to further optimize the device performance, and the PBNT-TAZ/Y6-BO-based OSCs device yielded a PCE of 16.34%. Consequently, we have systematically demonstrated how chalcogen atoms modulated the electronic properties of B-N-based polymers. Detailed and systematic structure-performance relationships are important for the development of next-generation B-N-based materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuting Pang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Institute of Carbon Neutrality and New Energy, School of Electronics and Information, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Xinyuan Liu
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Langheng Pan
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jiyeon Oh
- Department of Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Perovtronics Research Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, South Korea
| | - Changduk Yang
- Department of Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Perovtronics Research Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, South Korea
| | - Chunhui Duan
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
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5
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Xiang H, Sun F, Zheng X, Gao B, Zhu P, Cong T, Li Y, Wang X, Yang R. Tackling Energy Loss in Organic Solar Cells via Volatile Solid Additive Strategy. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2024:e2401330. [PMID: 38634564 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202401330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
The energy loss induced open-circuit voltage (VOC) deficit hampers the rapid development of state-of-the-art organic solar cells (OSCs), therefore, it is extremely urgent to explore effective strategies to address this issue. Herein, a new volatile solid additive 1,4-bis(iodomethyl)cyclohexane (DIMCH) featured with concentrated electrostatic potential distribution is utilized to act as a morphology-directing guest to reduce energy loss in multiple state-of-art blend system, leading to one of highest efficiency (18.8%) at the forefront of reported binary OSCs. Volatile DIMCH decreases radiative/non-radiative recombination induced energy loss (ΔE2/ΔE3) by rationally balancing the crystallinity of donors and acceptors and realizing homogeneous network structure of crystal domain with reduced D-A phase separation during the film formation process and weakens energy disorder and trap density in OSCs. It is believed that this study brings not only a profound understanding of emerging volatile solid additives but also a new hope to further reduce energy loss and improve the performance of OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices (Ministry of Education), School of Optoelectronic Materials and Technology, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
| | - Fengbo Sun
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices (Ministry of Education), School of Optoelectronic Materials and Technology, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
| | - Xufan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices (Ministry of Education), School of Optoelectronic Materials and Technology, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
| | - Bowen Gao
- Key Laboratory for Green Process of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205, China
| | - Panpan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices (Ministry of Education), School of Optoelectronic Materials and Technology, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
| | - Tingting Cong
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices (Ministry of Education), School of Optoelectronic Materials and Technology, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
| | - Yuda Li
- Key Laboratory for Green Process of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205, China
| | - Xunchang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices (Ministry of Education), School of Optoelectronic Materials and Technology, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
| | - Renqiang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices (Ministry of Education), School of Optoelectronic Materials and Technology, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
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Xie Q, Deng X, Zhao C, Fang J, Xia D, Zhang Y, Ding F, Wang J, Li M, Zhang Z, Xiao C, Liao X, Jiang L, Huang B, Dai R, Li W. Ethylenedioxythiophene-based Small Molecular Donor with Multiple Conformation Locks for Organic Solar Cells with Efficiency of 19.3. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202403015. [PMID: 38623043 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202403015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Ternary organic solar cells (T-OSCs) represent an efficient strategy for enhancing the performance of OSCs. Presently, the majority of high-performance T-OSCs incorporates well-established Y-acceptors or donor polymers as the third component. In this study, a novel class of conjugated small molecules has been introduced as the third component, demonstrating exceptional photovoltaic performance in T-OSCs. This innovative molecule comprises ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) bridge and 3-ethylrhodanine as the end group, with the EDOT unit facilitating the creation of multiple conformation locks. Consequently, the EDOT-based molecule exhibits two-dimensional charge transport, distinguishing it from the thiophene-bridged small molecule, which displays fewer conformation locks and provides one-dimensional charge transport. Furthermore, the robust electron-donating nature of EDOT imparts the small molecule with cascade energy levels relative to the electron donor and acceptor. As a result, OSCs incorporating the EDOT-based small molecule as the third component demonstrate enhanced mobilities, yielding a remarkable efficiency of 19.3%, surpassing the efficiency of 18.7% observed for OSCs incorporating thiophene-based small molecule as the third component. The investigations in this study underscore the excellence of EDOT as a building block for constructing conjugated materials with multiple conformation locks and high charge carrier mobilities, thereby contributing to elevated photovoltaic performance in OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Xie
- Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Institute of Applied Chemistry, CHINA
| | - Xiangmeng Deng
- Jiangxi University of Science and Technology Engineering Research Institute, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, CHINA
| | - Chaowei Zhao
- Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Chemistry, Changdong Road 7777#, 330096, Nanchang, CHINA
| | - Jie Fang
- Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Institute of Applied Chemistry, CHINA
| | - Dongdong Xia
- Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Institute of Applied Chemistry, CHINA
| | - Yuefeng Zhang
- Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Institute of Applied Chemistry, CHINA
| | - Feng Ding
- Jiangxi Normal University, National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, CHINA
| | - Jiali Wang
- Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Institute of Applied Chemistry, CHINA
| | - Mengdi Li
- Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Institute of Applied Chemistry, CHINA
| | - Zhou Zhang
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, CHINA
| | - Chengyi Xiao
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, CHINA
| | - Xunfan Liao
- Jiangxi Normal University, National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, CHINA
| | - Lang Jiang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, CHINA
| | - Bin Huang
- JiangXi University of Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, CHINA
| | - Runying Dai
- Jiangxi Normal University, National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, CHINA
| | - Weiwei Li
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, 100190, Beijing, CHINA
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Li H, Tan J, Yang S, Sun Y, Yu H. p-Toluenesulfonic Acid Modified Two-Dimensional ZrSe 2 as a Hole Transport Layer for High-Performance Organic Solar Cells. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2024. [PMID: 38624163 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c00928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) materials have attracted attention due to their excellent optoelectronic properties, but their applications are limited by their defects and vacancies. Surface modification is an effective method to restore their performance. Here, ZrSe2 is modified with conductive polymer p-toluenesulfonic acid (PTSA). It is found that PTSA can obtain electrons of ZrSe2 through the combination of -SO3H and ZrSe2, thus forming interfacial dipoles, which improve the work function of ZrSe2. In addition, -OH in PTSA can effectively fill the Se vacancy in ZrSe2 to form P-type doping, thereby improving its conductivity. ZrSe2 modified by the PTSA material is first used as a hole transport layer (HTL) in organic solar cells (OSCs). The efficiency of OSCs based on the PBDB-T:ITIC and PM6:L8-BO binary active layer with ZrSe2:PTSA as the novel HTL reaches 10.66 and 18.14%, which are obviously higher than the efficiency of OSCs with pure ZrSe2 as the HTL (8.48 and 15.64%). More interestingly, the stability of the device with ZrSe2:PTSA as HTL is significantly better than that of PEDOT:PSS. This study shows that the modification of the organic material can effectively improve the photoelectric performance of ZrSe2 and explores the physical mechanism of the interaction between the organic modifier and 2D materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongye Li
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jingyu Tan
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Song Yang
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yapeng Sun
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Huangzhong Yu
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
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Wang Z, Li B, Liu B, Lee JW, Bai Q, Yang W, Wang J, Yang J, Zhang X, Sun H, Yang X, Kim BJ, Guo X. Facilely Modified Nickel-Based Hole Transporting Layers for Organic Solar Cells with 19.12% Efficiency and Enhanced Stability. Small 2024:e2400915. [PMID: 38597683 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202400915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Hole transporting layers (HTLs), strategically positioned between electrode and light absorber, play a pivotal role in shaping charge extraction and transport in organic solar cells (OSCs). However, the commonly used poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) HTL, with its hygroscopic and acidic nature, undermines the operational durability of OSC devices. Herein, an environmentally friendly approach is developed utilizing nickel acetate tetrahydrate (NiAc·4H2O) and [2-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)ethyl] phosphonic acid (2PACz) as the NiAc·4H2O/2PACz HTL, aiming at overcoming the limitations posed by the conventional PEDOT:PSS one. Encouragingly, a remarkable power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 19.12% is obtained for the OSCs employing NiAc·4H2O/2PACz as the HTL, surpassing that of devices with the PEDOT:PSS HTL (17.59%), which is ranked among the highest ones of OSCs. This improvement is attributed to the appropriate work function, enhanced hole mobility, facilitated exciton dissociation efficiency, and lower recombination loss of NiAc·4H2O/2PACz-based devices. Furthermore, the NiAc·4H2O/2PACz-based OSCs exhibit superior operational stability compared to their PEDOT:PSS-based counterparts. Of significant note, the NiAc·4H2O/2PACz HTL demonstrates a broad generality, boosting the PCE of the PM6:PY-IT and PM6:Y6-based OSCs from 16.47% and 16.79% (with PEDOT:PSS-based analogs as HTLs) to 17.36% and 17.57%, respectively. These findings underscore the substantial potential of the NiAc·4H2O/2PACz HTL in advancing OSCs, offering improved performance and stability, thereby opening avenue for highly efficient and reliable solar energy harvesting technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengfei Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Bolin Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Jin-Woo Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Qingqing Bai
- Center for Advanced Analytical Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Wanli Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Junwei Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Xiage Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Huiliang Sun
- Center for Advanced Analytical Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Xi Yang
- 506, Building C1, Grand Tech Park, Huangpu, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510700, China
| | - Bumjoon J Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Xugang Guo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
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Guo Y, Wu J, Lin Z, Tang F, Yuan L, Wu H, Peng X. Novel Beta-Functionalized Porphyrins Approaching 11% Efficiency for Organic Solar Cells. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2024; 16:17531-17539. [PMID: 38530924 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c00167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Porphyrins and their derivatives possess high molar extinction coefficients and strong electron-donating abilities and have been widely used in organic solar cells (OSCs). Though porphyrins can be easily functionalized at the four meso-positions and the eight β-positions, nearly all porphyrin photovoltaic materials are reported to be functionalized at the meso-positions, and the porphyrin photovoltaic materials functionalized at the β-positions are to be explored. Herein, the regioselective β-positions of a porphyrin are first brominated without using rare metal iridium catalysts, and then, after two more reactions, two antipodal β-substituted porphyrin donors EHDPP-Por and BODPP-Por are synthesized, in which four DPP (diketopyrrolopyrrole) units are connected symmetrically with acetylene at four of the β-positions, for OSCs. The all-small-molecule organic solar cells based on EHDPP-Por:Y6 and BODPP-Por:Y6 active layers achieved power conversion efficiencies of 10.19 and 10.99%, respectively, which are higher than most of the binary OSCs based on the porphyrins functionalized at the meso-positions, demonstrating that β-functionalized porphyrins are very promising for OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinchun Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Energy & Information Polymer Materials, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jifa Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Energy & Information Polymer Materials, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Zhenkun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Energy & Information Polymer Materials, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Feng Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Energy & Information Polymer Materials, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Lin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Energy & Information Polymer Materials, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Hanping Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Energy & Information Polymer Materials, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xiaobin Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Energy & Information Polymer Materials, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510640, China
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10
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Kim S, Oh J, Park J, Lee B, Mai TLH, Sun Z, Jeong S, Cho Y, Kim W, Yang C. High-Precision Tailored Polymer Molecular Weights for Specific Photovoltaic Applications through Ultrasound-Induced Simultaneous Physical and Chemical Events. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202401097. [PMID: 38308505 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202401097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
It is highly challenging to reproducibly prepare semiconducting polymers with targeted molecular weight tailored for next-generation photovoltaic applications. Once such an easily accessible methodology is established, which can not only contribute to overcome the current limitation of the statistically determined nature of semiconducting polymers, but also facilitate rapid incorporation into the broad synthetic chemists' toolbox. Here, we describe a simple yet robust ultrasonication-assisted Stille polymerization for accessing semiconducting polymers with high-precision tailored molecular weights (from low to ultrahigh molecular weight ranges) while mitigating their interbatch variations. We propose that ultrasound-induced simultaneous physical and chemical events enable precise control of the semiconducting polymers' molecular weights with high reproducibility to satisfy all the optical/electrical and morphological demands of diverse types of high-performance semiconducting polymer-based devices; as demonstrated in in-depth experimental screenings in applications of both organic and perovskite photovoltaics. We believe that this methodology provides a fast development of new and existing semiconducting polymers with the highest-level performances possible on various photovoltaic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seoyoung Kim
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Jiyeon Oh
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Jeewon Park
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Byongkyu Lee
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Thi Le Huyen Mai
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Zhe Sun
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Seonghun Jeong
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Yongjoon Cho
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Wonjun Kim
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Changduk Yang
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
- Graduate School of Carbon Neutrality, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
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11
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Gopikrishna P, Choi H, Kim DH, Lee D, Hwang JH, Jin SM, Lee E, Cho S, Kim B. Halogenated 9H-Indeno[1,2-b]Pyrazine-2,3-Dicarbonitrile End Groups Based Asymmetric Non-Fullerene Acceptors for Green Solvent-Processable, Additive-Free, and Stable Organic Solar Cells. Small 2024:e2401080. [PMID: 38566553 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202401080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs) significantly enhance photovoltaic performance in organic solar cells (OSCs) using halogenated solvents and additives. However, these solvents are environmentally detrimental and unsuitable for industrial-scale production, and the issue of OSCs' poor long-term stability persists. This report introduces eight asymmetric NFAs (IPCnF-BBO-IC2F, IPCnF-BBO-IC2Cl, IPCnCl-BBO-IC2F, and IPCnCl-BBO-IC2Cl, where n = 1 and 2). These NFAs comprise a 12,13-bis(2-butyloctyl)-3,9-diundecyl-12,13-dihydro-[1,2,5]thiadiazolo[3,4-e]thieno[2'',3'':4',5']thieno[2',3':4,5]pyrrolo[3,2-g]thieno[2',3':4,5]thieno-[3,2-b]indole (BBO) core. One end of the core attaches to a mono- or di-halogenated 9H-indeno[1,2-b]pyrazine-2,3-dicarbonitrile (IPC) end group (IPC1F, IPC1Cl, IPC2F, or IPC2Cl), while the other end connects to a 2-(5,6-dihalo-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-ylidene)malononitrile (IC) end group (IC2F or IC2Cl). The optical and electronic properties of these NFAs can be finely tuned by controlling the number of halogen atoms. Crucially, these NFAs demonstrate excellent compatibility with PM6 even in o-xylene, facilitating the production of additive-free OSCs. The di-halogenated IPC-based NFAs outperform their mono-halogenated counterparts in photovoltaic performance within OSCs. Remarkably, the di-halogenated IPC-based NFAs maintain 94‒98% of their initial PCEs over 2000 h in air without encapsulation, indicating superior long-term device stability. These findings imply that the integration of di-halogenated IPCs in asymmetric NFA design offers a promising route to efficient, stable OSCs manufactured through environmentally friendly processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peddaboodi Gopikrishna
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Huijeong Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Hui Kim
- Department of Physics and EHSRC, University of Ulsan, 93 Daehak-ro, Nam-gu, Ulsan, 44610, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongchan Lee
- Department of Physics and EHSRC, University of Ulsan, 93 Daehak-ro, Nam-gu, Ulsan, 44610, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Ho Hwang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Mi Jin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunji Lee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Shinuk Cho
- Department of Physics and EHSRC, University of Ulsan, 93 Daehak-ro, Nam-gu, Ulsan, 44610, Republic of Korea
| | - BongSoo Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Carbon Neutrality, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Semiconductor Materials and Device Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
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12
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Yi F, Xiao M, Meng Y, Bai H, Su W, Gao W, Yao ZF, Qi G, Liang Z, Jin C, Tang L, Zhang R, Yan L, Liu Y, Zhu W, Ma W, Fan Q. Non-Fully Conjugated Dimerized Giant Acceptors with Different Alkyl-Linked Sites for Stable and 19.13 % Efficiency Organic Solar Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202319295. [PMID: 38335036 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202319295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Achieving both high power conversion efficiency (PCE) and device stability is a major challenge for the practical development of organic solar cells (OSCs). Herein, three non-fully conjugated dimerized giant acceptors (named 2Y-sites, including wing-site-linked 2Y-wing, core-site-linked 2Y-core, and end-site-linked 2Y-end) are developed. They share the similar monomer precursors but have different alkyl-linked sites, offering the fine-tuned molecular absorption, packing, glass transition temperature, and carrier mobility. Among their binary active layers, D18/2Y-wing has better miscibility, leading to optimized morphology and more efficient charge transfer compared to D18/2Y-core and D18/2Y-end. Therefore, the D18/2Y-wing-based OSCs achieve a superior PCE of 17.73 %, attributed to enhanced photocurrent and fill factor. Furthermore, the D18/2Y-wing-based OSCs exhibit a balance of high PCE and improved stability, distinguishing them within the 2Y-sites. Building on the success of 2Y-wing in binary systems, we extend its application to ternary OSCs by pairing it with the near-infrared absorbing D18/BS3TSe-4F host. Thanks to the complementary absorption within 300-970 nm and further optimized morphology, ternary OSCs obtain a higher PCE of 19.13 %, setting a new efficiency benchmark for the dimer-derived OSCs. This approach of alkyl-linked site engineering for constructing dimerized giant acceptors presents a promising pathway to improve both PCE and stability of OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yi
- College of Chemistry, Key Lab of Environment-Friendly Chemistry and Application (Ministry of Education), Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Manjun Xiao
- College of Chemistry, Key Lab of Environment-Friendly Chemistry and Application (Ministry of Education), Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105
| | - Yongdie Meng
- College of Chemistry, Key Lab of Environment-Friendly Chemistry and Application (Ministry of Education), Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105
| | - Hairui Bai
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Wenyan Su
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Wei Gao
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Advanced Manufacturing, Institute of Luminescent Materials and Information Displays, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Ze-Fan Yao
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | | | - Zezhou Liang
- Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education & Shaanxi, Key Lab of Photonic Technique for Information, School of Electronics Science & Engineering, Faculty of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Conggui Jin
- College of Chemistry, Key Lab of Environment-Friendly Chemistry and Application (Ministry of Education), Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105
| | - Lingxiao Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, Linköping, SE-58183, Sweden
| | - Lihe Yan
- Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education & Shaanxi, Key Lab of Photonic Technique for Information, School of Electronics Science & Engineering, Faculty of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Yuhang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Weiguo Zhu
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Light-Electricity-Heat Energy-Converting Materials and Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China
| | - Wei Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Qunping Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
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13
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Dorlus TA, Roy JK, Leszczynski J. Designing Thiadiazoloquinoxaline-Based Conjugated Polymers for Efficient Organic Photovoltaics: A DFT/TDDFT Study. Molecules 2024; 29:1580. [PMID: 38611860 PMCID: PMC11013080 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29071580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Clean and renewable energy development is becoming frontier research for future energy resources, as renewable energy offers sustainable and environmentally friendly alternatives to non-renewable sources such as fossil fuels. Among various renewable energy sources, tremendous progress has been made in converting solar energy to electric energy by developing efficient organic photovoltaics. Organic photovoltaic materials comprising conjugated polymers (CP) with narrow optical energy gaps are promising candidates for developing sustainable sources due to their potentially lower manufacturing costs. Organic semiconductor materials with a high electron affinity are required for many optoelectronic applications. We have designed a series of organic semiconductors comprised of cyclopentadithiophene as a donor and thiadiazoloquinoxaline (TQ) as an acceptor, varying the π-conjugation and TQ-derivatives. We have employed density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT (TDDFT) to evaluate the designed CP's optoelectronic properties, such as optical energy gap, dipole moment, and absorption spectra. Our DFT/TDDFT result shows that the energy gap of CPs is lowered and redshifted in the absorption spectra if there is no insertion of conjugation units such as thiophene and selenophene between donor and acceptor. In addition, selenophene shows relatively better redshift behavior compared to thiophene. Our work also provides rational insight into designing donor/acceptor-based CPs for organic solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor A. Dorlus
- Interdisciplinary Center for Nanotoxicity, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217, USA; (T.A.D.); (J.K.R.)
| | - Juganta K. Roy
- Interdisciplinary Center for Nanotoxicity, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217, USA; (T.A.D.); (J.K.R.)
- Clean Energy Materials Modeling Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Physics, West Texas A&M University, Canyon, TX 79016, USA
| | - Jerzy Leszczynski
- Interdisciplinary Center for Nanotoxicity, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217, USA; (T.A.D.); (J.K.R.)
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14
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Chen X, Chen M, Liang J, Liu H, Xie X, Zhang L, Ma D, Chen J. Polymer Donor with a Simple Skeleton and Minor Siloxane Decoration Enables 19% Efficiency of Organic Solar Cells. Adv Mater 2024; 36:e2313074. [PMID: 38237120 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202313074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Development of polymer donors with simple chemical structure and low cost is of great importance for commercial application of organic solar cells (OSCs). Here, side-chain random copolymer PMQ-Si605 with a simply 6,7-difluoro-3-methylquinoxaline-thiophene backbone and 5% siloxane decoration of side chain is synthesized in comparison with its alternating copolymer PTQ11. Relative to molecular weight (Mn) of 28.3 kg mol-1 for PTQ11, the random copolymer PMQ-Si605 with minor siloxane decoration is beneficial for achieving higher Mn up to 51.1 kg mol-1. In addition, PMQ-Si605 can show stronger aggregation ability and faster charge mobility as well as more efficient exciton dissociation in active layer as revealed by femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy. With L8-BO-F as acceptor, its PMQ-Si605 based OSCs display power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.08%, much higher than 16.21% for PTQ11 based devices. With another acceptor BTP-H2 to optimize the photovoltaic performance of PMQ-Si605, further elevated PCEs of 18.50% and 19.15% can be achieved with the binary and ternary OSCs, respectively. Furthermore, PMQ-Si605 based active layers are suitable for processing in high humidity air, an important factor for massive production of OSCs. Therefore, the siloxane decoration on polymer donors is promising, affording PMQ-Si605 as a high-performing and low cost candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Chen
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials & Devices, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Energy & Information Polymer Materials, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials & Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Mingqing Chen
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials & Devices, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Energy & Information Polymer Materials, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials & Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Jiahao Liang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials & Devices, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Energy & Information Polymer Materials, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials & Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Haizhen Liu
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials & Devices, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Energy & Information Polymer Materials, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials & Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Xianglun Xie
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials & Devices, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Energy & Information Polymer Materials, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials & Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Lianjie Zhang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials & Devices, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Energy & Information Polymer Materials, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials & Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Dongge Ma
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials & Devices, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Energy & Information Polymer Materials, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials & Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Junwu Chen
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials & Devices, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Energy & Information Polymer Materials, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials & Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
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15
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Li F, Lin FR, Jen AKY. Current State and Future Perspectives of Printable Organic and Perovskite Solar Cells. Adv Mater 2024; 36:e2307161. [PMID: 37828582 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202307161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Photovoltaic technology presents a sustainable solution to address the escalating global energy consumption and a reliable strategy for achieving net-zero carbon emissions by 2050. Emerging photovoltaic technologies, especially the printable organic and perovskite solar cells, have attracted extensive attention due to their rapidly transcending power conversion efficiencies and facile processability, providing great potential to revolutionize the global photovoltaic market. To accelerate these technologies to translate from the laboratory scale to the industrial level, it is critical to develop well-defined and scalable protocols to deposit high-quality thin films of photoactive and charge-transporting materials. Herein, the current state of printable organic and perovskite solar cells is summarized and the view regarding the challenges and prospects toward their commercialization is shared. Different printing techniques are first introduced to provide a correlation between material properties and printing mechanisms, and the optimization of ink formulation and film-formation during large-area deposition of different functional layers in devices are then discussed. Engineering perspectives are also discussed to analyze the criteria for module design. Finally, perspectives are provided regarding the future development of these solar cells toward practical commercialization. It is believed that this perspective will provide insight into the development of printable solar cells and other electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengzhu Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
- Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Francis R Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
- Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Alex K-Y Jen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
- Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
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16
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Tang H, Bai Y, Zhao H, Qin X, Hu Z, Zhou C, Huang F, Cao Y. Interface Engineering for Highly Efficient Organic Solar Cells. Adv Mater 2024; 36:e2212236. [PMID: 36867581 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202212236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Organic solar cells (OSCs) have made dramatic advancements during the past decades owing to the innovative material design and device structure optimization, with power conversion efficiencies surpassing 19% and 20% for single-junction and tandem devices, respectively. Interface engineering, by modifying interface properties between different layers for OSCs, has become a vital part to promote the device efficiency. It is essential to elucidate the intrinsic working mechanism of interface layers, as well as the related physical and chemical processes that manipulate device performance and long-term stability. In this article, the advances in interface engineering aimed to pursue high-performance OSCs are reviewed. The specific functions and corresponding design principles of interface layers are summarized first. Then, the anode interface layer, cathode interface layer in single-junction OSCs, and interconnecting layer of tandem devices are discussed in separate categories, and the interface engineering-related improvements on device efficiency and stability are analyzed. Finally, the challenges and prospects associated with application of interface engineering are discussed with the emphasis on large-area, high-performance, and low-cost device manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Tang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology (SCUT), Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Yuanqing Bai
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology (SCUT), Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Haiyang Zhao
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology (SCUT), Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Xudong Qin
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology (SCUT), Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Zhicheng Hu
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology (SCUT), Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Cheng Zhou
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology (SCUT), Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Fei Huang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology (SCUT), Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Yong Cao
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology (SCUT), Guangzhou, 510640, China
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17
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Chen H, Sun W, Zhang R, Huang Y, Zhang B, Zeng G, Ding J, Chen W, Gao F, Li Y, Li Y. Heterogeneous Nucleating Agent for High-Boiling-Point Nonhalogenated Solvent-Processed Organic Solar Cells and Modules. Adv Mater 2024:e2402350. [PMID: 38554138 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202402350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
High-boiling-point nonhalogenated solvents are superior solvents to produce large-area organic solar cells (OSCs) in industry because of their wide processing window and low toxicity; while, these solvents with slow evaporation kinetics will lead excessive aggregation of state-of-the-art small molecule acceptors (e.g. L8-BO), delivering serious efficiency losses. Here, a heterogeneous nucleating agent strategy is developed by grafting oligo (ethylene glycol) side-chains on L8-BO (BTO-BO). The formation energy of the obtained BTO-BO; while, changing from liquid in a solvent to a crystalline phase, is lower than that of L8-BO irrespective of the solvent type. When BTO-BO is added as the third component into the active layer (e.g. PM6:L8-BO), it easily assembles to form numerous seed crystals, which serve as nucleation sites to trigger heterogeneous nucleation and increase nucleation density of L8-BO through strong hydrogen bonding interactions even in high-boiling-point nonhalogenated solvents. Therefore, it can effectively suppress excessive aggregation during growth, achieving ideal phase-separation active layer with small domain sizes and high crystallinity. The resultant toluene-processed OSCs exhibit a record power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 19.42% (certificated 19.12%) with excellent operational stability. The strategy also has superior advantages in large-scale devices, showing a 15.03-cm2 module with a record PCE of 16.35% (certificated 15.97%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Chen
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Semiconductor-optoelectronics Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Weiwei Sun
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Semiconductor-optoelectronics Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, Linköping, SE-58183, Sweden
| | - Yuting Huang
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Semiconductor-optoelectronics Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Ben Zhang
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Semiconductor-optoelectronics Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Guang Zeng
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Semiconductor-optoelectronics Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Junyuan Ding
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Semiconductor-optoelectronics Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Weijie Chen
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Semiconductor-optoelectronics Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, Linköping, SE-58183, Sweden
| | - Yaowen Li
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Semiconductor-optoelectronics Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yongfang Li
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Semiconductor-optoelectronics Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
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18
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Xu R, Jiang Y, Liu F, Ran G, Liu K, Zhang W, Zhu X. High Open-Circuit Voltage Organic Solar Cells with 19.2% Efficiency Enabled by Synergistic Side-Chain Engineering. Adv Mater 2024:e2312101. [PMID: 38544433 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202312101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Restricted by the energy-gap law, state-of-the-art organic solar cells (OSCs) exhibit relatively low open-circuit voltage (VOC) because of large nonradiative energy losses (ΔEnonrad). Moreover, the trade-off between VOC and external quantum efficiency (EQE) of OSCs is more distinctive; the power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of OSCs are still <15% with VOCs of >1.0 V. Herein, the electronic properties and aggregation behaviors of non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs) are carefully considered and then a new NFA (Z19) is delicately designed by simultaneously introducing alkoxy and phenyl-substituted alkyl chains to the conjugated backbone. Z19 exhibits a hypochromatic-shifted absorption spectrum, high-lying lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy level and ordered 2D packing mode. The D18:Z19-based blend film exhibits favorable phase separation with face-on dominated molecular orientation, facilitating charge transport properties. Consequently, D18:Z19 binary devices afford an exciting PCE of 19.2% with a high VOC of 1.002 V, surpassing Y6-2O-based devices. The former is the highest PCE reported to date for OSCs with VOCs of >1.0 V. Moreover, the ΔEnonrad of Z19- (0.200 eV) and Y6-2O-based (0.155 eV) devices are lower than that of Y6-based (0.239 eV) devices. Indications are that the design of such NFA, considering the energy-gap law, could promote a new breakthrough in OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renjie Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Jiang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Feng Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, P. R. China
| | - Guangliu Ran
- Department of Physics and Applied Optics Beijing Area Major Laboratory, Center for Advanced Quantum Studies, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Kerui Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Wenkai Zhang
- Department of Physics and Applied Optics Beijing Area Major Laboratory, Center for Advanced Quantum Studies, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Xiaozhang Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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19
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Chen X, Li Y, Jing W, Zhou T, Xu X, Duan Y, Yu L, Li R, Peng Q. Layer-by-Layer Organic Solar Cells Enabled by 1,3,4-Selenadiazole-Containing Crystalline Small Molecule with Double-Fibril Network Morphology. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202402831. [PMID: 38532290 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202402831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
A double-fibril network of the photoactive layer morphology is recognized as an ideal structure facilitating exciton diffusion and charge carrier transport for high-performance organic solar cells (OSCs). However, in the layer-by-layer processed OSCs (LbL-OSCs), polymer donors and small molecule acceptors (SMAs) are separately deposited, and it is challenging to realize a fibril network of pure SMAs with the absence of tight interchain entanglement as polymers. In this work, crystalline small molecule donors (SMDs), named TDZ-3TR and SeDZ-3TR, were designed and introduced into the L8-BO acceptor solution, forcing the phase separation and molecular fibrilization. SeDZ-3TR showed higher crystallinity and lower miscibility with L8-BO acceptor than TDZ-3TR, enabling more driving force to favor the phase separation and better molecular fibrilization of L8-BO. On the other hand, two donor polymers of PM6 and D18 with different fibril widths and lengths were put together to optimize the fibril network of the donor layer. The simultaneously optimization of the acceptor and donor layers resulted in a more ideal double-fibril network of the photoactive layer and an impressive power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 19.38 % in LbL-OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuyang Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Yinfeng Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Wenwen Jing
- School of Chemical Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Tao Zhou
- School of Chemical Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Xiaopeng Xu
- School of Chemical Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Yuwei Duan
- College of Materials and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610059, P. R. China
| | - Liyang Yu
- School of Chemical Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Ruipeng Li
- National Synchrotron Light Source II Brookhaven National Lab, Suffolk, Upton, NY-11973, USA
| | - Qiang Peng
- School of Chemical Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
- College of Materials and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610059, P. R. China
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20
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Song J, Zhang C, Li C, Qiao J, Yu J, Gao J, Wang X, Hao X, Tang Z, Lu G, Yang R, Yan H, Sun Y. Non-halogenated Solvent-Processed Organic Solar Cells with Approaching 20 % Efficiency and Improved Photostability. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202404297. [PMID: 38526996 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202404297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
The development of high-efficiency organic solar cells (OSCs) processed from non-halogenated solvents is crucially important for their scale-up industry production. However, owing to the difficulty of regulating molecular aggregation, there is a huge efficiency gap between non-halogenated and halogenated solvent processed OSCs. Herein, we fabricate o-xylene processed OSCs with approaching 20 % efficiency by incorporating a trimeric guest acceptor named Tri-V into the PM6:L8-BO-X host blend. The incorporation of Tri-V effectively restricts the excessive aggregation of L8-BO-X, regulates the molecular packing and optimizes the phase-separation morphology, which leads to mitigated trap density states, reduced energy loss and suppressed charge recombination. Consequently, the PM6:L8-BO-X:Tri-V-based device achieves an efficiency of 19.82 %, representing the highest efficiency for non-halogenated solvent-processed OSCs reported to date. Noticeably, with the addition of Tri-V, the ternary device shows an improved photostability than binary PM6:L8-BO-X-based device, and maintains 80 % of the initial efficiency after continuous illumination for 1380 h. This work provides a feasible approach for fabricating high-efficiency, stable, eco-friendly OSCs, and sheds new light on the large-scale industrial production of OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Song
- International Innovation Institute, Beihang University, Hangzhou, 311115, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Chen Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Chemistry and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Jiawei Qiao
- School of Physics State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Jifa Yu
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, P. R. China
| | - Jiaxin Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Xunchang Wang
- X. Wang, R. Yang, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices (Ministry of Education), School of Optoelectronic Materials & Technology, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, P. R. China
| | - Xiaotao Hao
- School of Physics State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Guanghao Lu
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, P. R. China
| | - Renqiang Yang
- X. Wang, R. Yang, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices (Ministry of Education), School of Optoelectronic Materials & Technology, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, P. R. China
| | - He Yan
- Department of Chemistry and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Yanming Sun
- International Innovation Institute, Beihang University, Hangzhou, 311115, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
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21
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Zhou T, Jin W, Li Y, Xu X, Duan Y, Li R, Yu L, Peng Q. Crossbreeding Effect of Chalcogenation and Iodination on Benzene Additives Enables Optimized Morphology and 19.68% Efficiency of Organic Solar Cells. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2024:e2401405. [PMID: 38528662 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202401405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Volatile solid additives have attracted increasing attention in optimizing the morphology and improving the performance of currently dominated non-fullerene acceptor-based organic solar cells (OSCs). However, the underlying principles governing the rational design of volatile solid additives remain elusive. Herein, a series of efficient volatile solid additives are successfully developed by the crossbreeding effect of chalcogenation and iodination for optimizing the morphology and improving the photovoltaic performances of OSCs. Five benzene derivatives of 1,4-dimethoxybenzene (DOB), 1-iodo-4-methoxybenzene (OIB), 1-iodo-4-methylthiobenzene (SIB), 1,4-dimethylthiobenzene (DSB) and 1,4-diiodobenzene (DIB) are systematically studied, where the widely used DIB is used as the reference. The effect of chalcogenation and iodination on the overall property is comprehensively investigated, which indicates that the versatile functional groups provided various types of noncovalent interactions with the host materials for modulating the morphology. Among them, SIB with the combination of sulphuration and iodination enabled more appropriate interactions with the host blend, giving rise to a highly ordered molecular packing and more favorable morphology. As a result, the binary OSCs based on PM6:L8-BO and PBTz-F:L8-BO as well as the ternary OSCs based on PBTz-F:PM6:L8-BO achieved impressive high PCEs of 18.87%, 18.81% and 19.68%, respectively, which are among the highest values for OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhou
- School of Chemical Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Wenwen Jin
- School of Chemical Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Yinfeng Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Xiaopeng Xu
- School of Chemical Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Yuwei Duan
- College of Materials and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610059, P. R. China
| | - Ruipeng Li
- National Synchrotron Light Source II Brookhaven National Lab, Suffolk, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Liyang Yu
- School of Chemical Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Peng
- School of Chemical Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
- College of Materials and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610059, P. R. China
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22
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Chen Z, Guo C, Wang L, Chen C, Cai J, Liu C, Gan Z, Sun Y, Zhou J, Zhou J, Liu D, Wang T, Li W. Electrostatic Potential Design of Solid Additives for Enhanced Molecular Order of Polymer Donor in Efficient Organic Solar Cells. Small 2024:e2401050. [PMID: 38511580 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202401050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Polymeric semiconducting materials struggle to achieve fast charge mobility due to low structural order. In this work, five 1H-indene-1,3(2H)dione-benzene structured halogenated solid additives namely INB-5F, INB-3F, INB-1F, INB-1Cl, and INB-1Br with gradually varied electrostatic potential are designed and utilized to regulate the structural order of polymer donor PM6. Molecular dynamics simulations demonstrate that although the dione unit of these additives tends to adsorb on the backbone of PM6, the reduced electrostatic potential of the halogen-substituted benzene can shift the benzene interacting site from alkyl side chains to the conjugated backbone of PM6, not only leading to enhanced π-π stacking in out-of-plane but also arising new π-π stacking in in-plane together with the appearance of multiple backbone stacking in out-of-plane, consequent to the co-existence of face-on and edge-on molecular orientations. This molecular packing transformation further translates to enhanced charge transport and suppressed carrier recombination in their photovoltaics, with a maximum power conversion efficiency of 19.4% received in PM6/L8-BO layer-by-layer deposited organic solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenghong Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chuanhang Guo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Liang Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chen Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jinlong Cai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chenhao Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zirui Gan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yuandong Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jinpeng Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Dan Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Tao Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
- School of Materials and Microelectronics, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Wei Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
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23
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Zhou Y, Liu S, Liang Z, Wu H, Wang L, Wang W, Zhao B, Cong Z, Lu G, Gao C. Terpolymer Containing a meta-Octyloxy-phenyl-Modified Dithieno[3,2- f:2',3'- h]quinoxaline Unit Enabling Efficient Organic Solar Cells. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2024; 16:14026-14037. [PMID: 38447136 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c18789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
With the rapid development of small-molecule electron acceptors, polymer electron donors are becoming more important than ever in organic photovoltaics, and there is still room for the currently available high-performance polymer donors. To further develop polymer donors with finely tunable structures to achieve better photovoltaic performances, random ternary copolymerization is a useful technique. Herein, by incorporating a new electron-withdrawing segment 2,3-bis(3-octyloxyphenyl)dithieno[3,2-f:2',3'-h]quinoxaline derivative (C12T-TQ) to PM6, a series of terpolymers were synthesized. It is worth noting that the introduction of the C12T-TQ unit can deepen the highest occupied molecular orbital energy levels of the resultant polymers. In addition, the polymer Z6 with a 10% C12T-TQ ratio possesses the highest film absorption coefficient (9.86 × 104 cm-1) among the four polymers. When blended with Y6, it exhibited superior miscibility and mutual crystallinity enhancement between Z6 and Y6, suppressed recombination, better exciton separation and charge collection characteristics, and faster hole transfer in the D-A interface. Consequently, the device of Z6:Y6 successfully achieved enhanced photovoltaic parameters and yielded an efficiency of 17.01%, higher than the 16.18% of the PM6:Y6 device, demonstrating the effectiveness of the meta-octyloxy-phenyl-modified dithieno[3,2-f:2',3'-h]quinoxaline moiety to build promising terpolymer donors for high-performance organic solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Zhou
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Liquid Crystal and Organic Photovoltaic Materials, State Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710065, P. R. China
| | - Shujuan Liu
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Liquid Crystal and Organic Photovoltaic Materials, State Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710065, P. R. China
| | - Zezhou Liang
- Key Laboratory of Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education and Shaanxi Key Lab of Photonic Technique for Information, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Faculty of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, P. R. China
| | - Haimei Wu
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Liquid Crystal and Organic Photovoltaic Materials, State Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710065, P. R. China
| | - Liuchang Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University, No. 168 of South Taibai Road, Xi'an 710065, China
| | - Weiping Wang
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Liquid Crystal and Organic Photovoltaic Materials, State Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710065, P. R. China
| | - Baofeng Zhao
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Liquid Crystal and Organic Photovoltaic Materials, State Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710065, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyuan Cong
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Liquid Crystal and Organic Photovoltaic Materials, State Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710065, P. R. China
| | - Guanghao Lu
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, P. R. China
| | - Chao Gao
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Liquid Crystal and Organic Photovoltaic Materials, State Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710065, P. R. China
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24
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Kang J, Kim SY, Zong K. Facile Synthesis of Dithienobenzothiadiazoles and D18-Cl Polymer via Na 2S-Mediated Rapid Thiophene-Annulations for Organic Solar Cells. ChemSusChem 2024:e202400055. [PMID: 38504635 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202400055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
We present a novel synthetic route for the rapid construction of dithieno[3',2':3,4;2'',3'':5,6]benzo[1,2-c][1,2,5]thiadiazoles via Na2S-promoted thiophene annulation. This method facilitated the synthesis of D18-Cl polymer, known for its efficacy as a polymer donor in bulk-heterojunction polymer solar cells. Starting from commercially available 4,7-dihalo-5,6-difluorobenzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole, various 4,7-dialkynylated compounds were obtained through Sonogashira reaction conditions. Subsequent Na2S-promoted thiophene annulations yielded DTBT and its derivatives in excellent yields within 10 minutes. DTBT was then utilized as a precursor for the concise synthesis of D18-Cl, benefiting from reduced synthetic steps, mild reaction conditions, decreased complexity, and high overall yields. In another route, a space group-bridged DTBT was directly constructed via Na2S-promoted thiophene annulations and converted into D18-Cl through a couple of steps. This developed protocol offers a straightforward and reliable synthetic tool, conducive to reducing complexities in the production of DTBT-based organic electronic materials, thereby advancing the potential commercialization of organic solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junmo Kang
- Department of Chemical Education, Institute of Fusion Science, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin Yeong Kim
- Department of Chemical Education, Institute of Fusion Science, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyukwan Zong
- Department of Chemical Education, Institute of Fusion Science, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
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25
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Chen S, Zhu S, Hong L, Deng W, Zhang Y, Fu Y, Zhong Z, Dong M, Liu C, Lu X, Zhang K, Huang F. Binary Organic Solar Cells with over 19 % Efficiency and Enhanced Morphology Stability Enabled by Asymmetric Acceptors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202318756. [PMID: 38289020 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202318756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
The simultaneous improvement of efficiency and stability of organic solar cells (OSCs) for commercialization remains a challenging task. Herein, we designed asymmetric acceptors DT-C8Cl and DT-C8BTz with functional haloalkyl chains, in which the halogen atoms could induce noncovalent interactions with heteroatoms like O, S, and Se, etc., thus leading to appropriately manipulated film morphology. Consequently, binary devices based on D18: DT-C8Cl achieved a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 19.40 %. The higher PCE of D18: DT-C8Cl could be attributed to the enhanced π-π stacking, improved charge transport, and reduced recombination losses. In addition, the noncovalent interactions induced by haloalkyl chains could effectively suppress unfavorable morphology evolutions and thereby reduce trap density of states, leading to improved thermal and storage stability. Overall, our findings reveal that the rational design of asymmetric acceptors with functional haloalkyl chains is a novel and powerful strategy for simultaneously enhancing the efficiency and stability of OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Shengtian Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Ling Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Wanyuan Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Yuang Fu
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of HongKong, New Territories, 999077, HongKong, P. R. China
| | - Zuiyi Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Minghao Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Chunchen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Xinhui Lu
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of HongKong, New Territories, 999077, HongKong, P. R. China
| | - Kai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Fei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
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Dai T, Tang A, Meng Y, Dong C, Cong P, Lu J, Du J, Zhong Y, Zhou E. Optimizing Molecular Crystallinity and Suppressing Electron-Phonon Coupling in Completely Non-Fused Ring Electron Acceptors for Organic Solar Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202403051. [PMID: 38499468 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202403051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
High open-circuit voltage (Voc) organic solar cells (OSCs) have received increasing attention because of their promising application in tandem devices and indoor photovoltaics. However, the lack of a precise correlation between molecular structure and stacking behaviors of wide band gap electron acceptors has greatly limited its development. Here, we adopted an asymmetric halogenation strategy (AHS) and synthesized two completely non-fused ring electron acceptors (NFREAs), HF-BTA33 and HCl-BTA33. The results show that AHS significantly enhances the molecular dipoles and suppresses electron-phonon coupling, resulting in enhanced intramolecular/intermolecular interactions and decreased nonradiative decay. As a result, PTQ10 : HF-BTA33 realizes a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 11.42 % with a Voc of 1.232 V, higher than that of symmetric analogue F-BTA33 (PCE=10.02 %, Voc=1.197 V). Notably, PTQ10 : HCl-BTA33 achieves the highest PCE of 12.54 % with a Voc of 1.201 V due to the long-range ordered π-π packing and enhanced surface electrostatic interactions thereby facilitating exciton dissociation and charge transport. This work not only proves that asymmetric halogenation of completely NFREAs is a simple and effective strategy for achieving both high PCE and Voc, but also provides deeper insights for the precise molecular design of low cost completely NFREAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Dai
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ailing Tang
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yuhan Meng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Chuanqi Dong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Peiqing Cong
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jiahao Lu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning, 530006, China
| | - Jimin Du
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anyang Normal University, Anyang, Henan Province, 455002, China
| | - Yufei Zhong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, NingboTech University, Ningbo, 315100, China
| | - Erjun Zhou
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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27
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Ma X, Li T, Song G, He Z, Cao Y. Chemisorption-Induced Robust and Homogeneous Tungsten Disulfide Interlayer Enables Stable PEDOT-Free Organic Solar Cells with Over 19% Efficiency. Nano Lett 2024; 24:3051-3058. [PMID: 38427970 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c04519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Construction of a high-quality charge transport layer (CTL) with intimate contact with the substrate via tailored interface engineering is crucial to increase the overall charge transfer kinetics and stability for a bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) organic solar cell (OSC). Here, we demonstrate a surface chemistry strategy to achieve a homogeneous composite hole transport layer (C-HTL) with robust substrate contact by self-assembling two-dimensional tungsten disulfide (WS2) nanosheets on a thin molybdenum oxide (MoO3) film-evaporated indium tin oxide (ITO) substrate. It is found that over such a well-defined C-HTL, WS2 is homogeneously tethered on the ITO/MoO3 substrate stemming from the strong electronic coupling interaction between the building blocks, which enables a favorable interfacial configuration in terms of uniformity. As a result, the D18:L8-BO-based OSC with C-HTL exhibits a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 19.23%, an 11% improvement over the WS2-based control device, and the highest efficiency among single-junction PEDOT-free binary BHJ OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Ma
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, School of Material Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Li
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, School of Material Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Song
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, School of Material Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhicai He
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, School of Material Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Cao
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, School of Material Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
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Liao X, Liu M, Pei H, Zhu P, Xia X, Chen Z, Zhang Y, Wu Z, Cui Y, Xu G, Gao M, Ye L, Ma R, Liu T, Lu X, Zhu H, Chen Y. Regulating Crystallinity Mismatch Between Donor and Acceptor to Improve Exciton/Charge Transport in Efficient Organic Solar Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202318595. [PMID: 38224211 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202318595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Achieving a more balanced charge transport by morphological control is crucial in reducing bimolecular and trap-assisted recombination and enhancing the critical parameters for efficient organic solar cells (OSCs). Hence, a facile strategy is proposed to reduce the crystallinity difference between donor and acceptor by incorporating a novel multifunctional liquid crystal small molecule (LCSM) BDTPF4-C6 into the binary blend. BDTPF4-C6 is the first LCSM based on a tetrafluorobenzene unit and features a low liquid crystal phase transition temperature and strong self-assembly ability, conducive to regulating the active layer morphology. When BDTPF4-C6 is introduced as a guest molecule into the PM6 : Y6 binary, it exhibits better compatibility with the donor PM6 and primarily resides within the PM6 phase because of the similarity-intermiscibility principle. Moreover, systematic studies revealed that BDTPF4-C6 could be used as a seeding agent for PM6 to enhance its crystallinity, thereby forming a more balanced and favourable charge transport with suppressed charge recombination. Intriguingly, dual Förster resonance energy transfer was observed between the guest molecule and the host donor and acceptor, resulting in an improved current density. This study demonstrates a facile approach to balance the charge mobilities and offers new insights into boosting the efficiency of single-junction OSCs beyond 20 %.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xunfan Liao
- Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Mingtao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Hongqiao Pei
- Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Peipei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Xinxin Xia
- Department of Physics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Zeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Excited State Materials of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China
| | - Yihan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Zhongyuan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Yongjie Cui
- Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Guodong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Mengyuan Gao
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Long Ye
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Ruijie Ma
- Department of Electronic and Information Engineering, Research Institute for Smart Energy (RISE), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Guangxi Key Lab of Processing for Nonferrous Metals and Featured Materials, Key Lab of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metals and Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Resources, Environments and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Xinhui Lu
- Department of Physics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Haiming Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Excited State Materials of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China
| | - Yiwang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang, 330022, China
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Zhou L, Yu H, Zhang J, Qiu D, Fu Y, Yi J, Xie L, Li X, Meng L, Zhang J, Lu X, Wei Z, Li Y, Yan H. Tailoring the Position of Ester Group on N-Alkyl Chains of Benzotriazole-based Small Molecule Acceptors for High-Performance Organic Solar Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202319635. [PMID: 38242849 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202319635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Side chain engineering plays a vital role in exploring high-performance small molecule acceptors (SMAs) for organic solar cells (OSCs). In this work, we designed and synthesized a series of A-DA'D-A type SMAs by introducing different N-substituted alkyl and ester alkyl side chains on benzotriazole (BZ) central unit and aimed to investigate the effect of different ester substitution positions on photovoltaic performances. All the new SMAs with ester groups exhibit lower the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy levels and more blue-shifted absorption, but relatively higher absorption coefficients than alkyl chain counterpart. After blending with the donor PM6, the ester side chain-based devices demonstrate enhanced charge mobility, reduced amorphous intermixing domain size and long-lived charge transfer state compared to the alkyl chain counterpart, which are beneficial to achieve higher short-circuit current density (Jsc ) and fill factor (FF), simultaneously. Thereinto, the PM6 : BZ-E31 based device achieves a higher power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.33 %, which is the highest PCE among the OSCs based on the SMAs with BZ-core. Our work demonstrated the strategy of ester substituted side chain is a feasible and effective approach to develop more efficient SMAs for OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuyang Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Han Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Jinyuan Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Dingding Qiu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yuang Fu
- Department of Physics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Jicheng Yi
- Department of Chemistry and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Lan Xie
- Department of Chemistry and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Xiaojun Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Lei Meng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Jianqi Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Xinhui Lu
- Department of Physics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Zhixiang Wei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yongfang Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - He Yan
- Department of Chemistry and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
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30
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Xie F, Fang J, Zhang L, Deng D, Chen Y, Wei Z, Guo F, Ma CQ. Correlating the Photovoltaic Performance and Stability of the All-Small-Molecule Organic Solar Cells to Their Intermixed Phases Determined by Concentration-Dependent Ultraviolet-Visible Absorption Spectroscopy. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2024; 16:11767-11777. [PMID: 38408283 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c18454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
In addition to the donor-acceptor nano phases, the intermixed phase within the organic blends is crucial for the photovoltaic performance and stability of the bulk-heterojunction organic solar cells (OSCs). Here, the intermixed phase of a representative M-PhS:BTP-eC9 all-small-molecule organic solar cell was investigated by a concentration-dependent ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) absorption spectroscopy method, where a shift of the absorption maximum wavelength was measured for the acceptor component with the increase of the acceptor concentration. The blend ratios of the acceptor to the donor in the intermixed phase, corresponding to the critical concentration for the formation of the acceptor nanophase (CAP), were determined to be 0.35, 0.20, and 0.15 for the as-cast, thermal annealing (TA), and the combined TA and solvent vapor annealing films. These results indicated that M-PhS and BTP-eC9 are kinetically well intermixed during spin coating, whereas TA and the following solvent annealing promote the crystallization of BTP-eC9 molecules out of the intermixed phase. The photovoltaic performance of the M-PhS:BTP-eC9 cells with different blend ratios was investigated. The formation of the BTP-eC9 nano phase in the blend film leads to stable VOC and fast increased JSC, which can be understood by the reduction of bimolecular charge recombination and the formation of electron transporting pathways within the photoactive layer. Similarly, the critical concentration for the formation of the donor phase was estimated to be 0.15 by measuring the stabilized VOC and increased JSC values of the cells with different donor blending ratios. More importantly, after a fast "burn-in" thermal degradation, the M-PhS:BTP-eC9 cell showed excellent thermal stability aging at 85 °C for over 1128 h, which is in good accordance with the unchanged intermixed phases measured by the UV-vis spectra of the annealed films. The current work demonstrates the feasibility of the spectroscopy method to investigate the intermixed phases for organic bulk-heterojunction solar cells and proves that all-small-molecule solar cells can be intrinsically very stable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Xie
- Henan Institutes of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
- i-Lab & Printable Electronics Research Center, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jin Fang
- i-Lab & Printable Electronics Research Center, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Dan Deng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yiyao Chen
- Vacuum Interconnected Nanotech Workstation (Nano-X), Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zhixiang Wei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Fengqi Guo
- Henan Institutes of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Chang-Qi Ma
- i-Lab & Printable Electronics Research Center, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou 215123, China
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Chen Z, Zhang S, Ren J, Zhang T, Dai J, Wang J, Ma L, Qiao J, Hao X, Hou J. Molecular Design for Vertical Phase Distribution Modulation in High-Performance Organic Solar Cells. Adv Mater 2024:e2310390. [PMID: 38433157 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202310390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Component distribution within the photoactive layer dictates the morphology and electronic structure and substantially influences the performance of organic solar cells (OSCs). In this study, a molecular design strategy is introduced to manipulate component and energetics distribution by adjusting side-chain polarity. Two non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs), ITIC-16F and ITIC-E, are synthesized by introducing different polar functional substituents onto the side chains of ITIC. The alterations result in different distribution tendencies in the bulk heterojunction film: ITIC-16F with intensified hydrophobicity aligns predominantly with the top surface, while ITIC-E with strong hydrophilicity gravitates toward the bottom. This divergence directly impacts the vertical distribution of the excitation energy levels, thereby influencing the excitation kinetics over extended time periods and larger spatial ranges including enhanced diffusion-mediated exciton dissociation and stimulated charge carrier transport. Benefitting from the favorable energy distribution, the device incorporating ITIC-E into the PBQx-TF:eC9-2Cl blend showcases an impressive power conversion efficiency of 19.4%. This work highlights side-chain polarity manipulation as a promising strategy for designing efficient NFA molecules and underscores the pivotal role of spatial energetics distribution in OSC performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Shaoqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Biology Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Junzhen Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jiangbo Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jingwen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Lijiao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Jiawei Qiao
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Xiaotao Hao
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Jianhui Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Biology Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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Sharma A, Gasparini N, Markina A, Karuthedath S, Gorenflot J, Xu H, Han J, Balawi A, Liu W, Bryant D, Bertrandie J, Troughton J, Paleti SHK, Bristow H, Laquai F, Andrienko D, Baran D. Semitransparent Organic Photovoltaics Utilizing Intrinsic Charge Generation in Non-Fullerene Acceptors. Adv Mater 2024; 36:e2305367. [PMID: 38100279 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202305367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
In organic semiconductors, a donor/acceptor heterojunction is typically required for efficient dissociation of excitons. Using transient absorption spectroscopy to study the dynamics of excited states in non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs), it is shown that NFAs can generate charges without a donor/acceptor interface. This is due to the fact that dielectric solvation provides a driving force sufficient to dissociate the excited state and form the charge-transfer (CT) state. The CT state is further dissociated into free charges at interfaces between polycrystalline regions in neat NFAs. For IEICO-4F, incorporating just 9 wt% donor polymer PTB7-Th in neat films greatly boosts charge generation, enhancing efficient exciton separation into free charges. This property is utilized to fabricate donor-dilute organic photovoltaics (OPV) delivering a power conversion efficiency of 8.3% in the case of opaque devices with a metal top-electrode and an active layer average visible transmittance (AVT) of 75%. It is shown that the intrinsic charge generation in low-bandgap NFAs contributes to the overall photocurrent generation. IEICO-4F-based OPVs with limited PTB7-Th content have high thermal resilience demonstrating little drop in performance over 700 h. PTB7-Th:IEICO-4F semitransparent OPVs are leveraged to fabricate an 8-series connected semitransparent module, demonstrating light-utilization efficiency of 2.2% alongside an AVT of 63%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirudh Sharma
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nicola Gasparini
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anastasia Markina
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Safakath Karuthedath
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Institute of Materials Research, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Julien Gorenflot
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Han Xu
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jianhua Han
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Balawi
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wenlan Liu
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Daniel Bryant
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jules Bertrandie
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Joel Troughton
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sri Harish Kumar Paleti
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Helen Bristow
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Frederic Laquai
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Denis Andrienko
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Derya Baran
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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33
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Zhou H, Liu C, Liu S, Zhang Z, Sun S, Xu W, Ma X, Wang J, Xu Y, Du X, Jeong SY, Woo HY, Zhang F, Sun Q. PC 71BM as Morphology Regulator for Highly Efficient Ternary Organic Solar Cells with Bulk Heterojunction or Layer-by-Layer Configuration. Small 2024; 20:e2308216. [PMID: 37946696 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202308216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
The ternary strategy is one of the effective methods to regulate the morphology of the active layer in organic solar cells (OSCs). In this work, the ternary OSCs with bulk heterojunction (BHJ) or layer-by-layer (LbL) active layers are prepared by using the polymer donor PM6 and the non-fullerene acceptor L8-BO as the main system and the fullerene acceptor PC71BM as the third component. The power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of BHJ OSCs and LbL OSCs are increased from 17.10% to 18.02% and from 17.20% to 18.20% by introducing PC71BM into the binary active layer, respectively. The in situ UV-vis absorption spectra indicate that the molecular aggregation and crystallization process can be prolonged by introducing PC71BM into the PM6:L8-BO or PM6/L8-BO active layer. The molecular orientation and molecular crystallinity in the active layer are optimized by introducing the PC71BM into the binary BHJ or LbL active layers, which can be confirmed by the experimental results of grazing incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering. This study demonstrates that the third component PC71BM can be used as a morphology regulator to regulate the morphology of BHJ or LbL active layers, thus effectively improving the performance of BHJ and LbL OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Zhou
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Light Manipulations and Applications in Universities of Shandong, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information, Ministry of Education, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, P. R. China
| | - Chunxiang Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Light Manipulations and Applications in Universities of Shandong, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, P. R. China
| | - Shaofei Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Light Manipulations and Applications in Universities of Shandong, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, P. R. China
| | - Zijian Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Light Manipulations and Applications in Universities of Shandong, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, P. R. China
| | - Shixiu Sun
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Light Manipulations and Applications in Universities of Shandong, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, P. R. China
| | - Wenjing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information, Ministry of Education, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoling Ma
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information, Ministry of Education, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, P. R. China
| | - Jian Wang
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Taishan University, Taian, Shandong, 271021, P. R. China
| | - Yujie Xu
- School of Physics State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Du
- School of Physics State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Sang Young Jeong
- Organic Optoelectronic Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Young Woo
- Organic Optoelectronic Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Fujun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information, Ministry of Education, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, P. R. China
| | - Qianqian Sun
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Light Manipulations and Applications in Universities of Shandong, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, P. R. China
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Mei L, Xia X, Sun R, Pan Y, Min J, Lu X, Jen AKY, Chen XK. Molecular-Level Insight into Impact of Additives on Film Formation and Molecular Packing in Y6-based Organic Solar Cells. Small 2024; 20:e2305977. [PMID: 37919095 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202305977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Additive engineering is widely utilized to optimize film morphology in active layers of organic solar cells (OSCs). However, the role of additive in film formation and adjustment of film morphology remains unclear at the molecular level. Here, taking high-efficiency Y6-based OSC films as an example, this work thus employs all-atom molecular-dynamics simulations to investigate how introduction of additives with different π-conjugation degree thermodynamically and dynamically impacts nanoscale molecular packings. These results demonstrate that the van der Waals (vdW) interactions of the Y6 end groups with the studied additives are strongest. The larger the π-conjugation degree of the additive molecules, the stronger the vdW interactions between additive and Y6 molecules. Due to such vdW interactions, the π-conjugated additive molecules insert into the neighboring Y6 molecules, thus opening more space for relaxation of Y6 molecules to trigger more ordered packing. Increasing the interactions between the Y6 end groups and the additive molecules not only accelerates formation of the Y6 ordered packing, but also induces shorter Y6-intermolecular distances. This work reveals the fundamental molecular-level mechanism behind film formation and adjustment of film morphology via additive engineering, providing an insight into molecular design of additives toward optimizing morphologies of organic semiconductor films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Mei
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Xinxin Xia
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Rui Sun
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Yuyu Pan
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, 30 Guanghua Street, Liaoyang, 111003, P. R. China
| | - Jie Min
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Xinhui Lu
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Alex K-Y Jen
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Xian-Kai Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
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35
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Gao Y, Xiao Z, Cui M, Saidaminov MI, Tan F, Shang L, Li W, Qin C, Ding L. Asymmetric Π-Bridge Engineering Enables High-Permittivity Benzo[1,2-B:4,5-b']Difuran-Conjugated Polymer for Efficient Organic Solar Cells. Adv Mater 2024; 36:e2306373. [PMID: 37703387 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202306373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Organic solar cells (OSCs) exhibit complex charge dynamics, which are closely correlated with the dielectric constant (ɛr ) of photovoltaic materials. In this work, a series of novel conjugated copolymers based on benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']difuran (BDF) and benzotriazole (BTz) is designed and synthesized, which differ by the nature of π-bridge from one another. The PBDF-TF-BTz with asymmetric furan and thiophene π-bridge demonstrates a larger ɛr of 4.22 than PBDF-dT-BTz with symmetric thiophene π-bridge (3.15) and PBDF-dF-BTz with symmetric furan π-bridge (3.90). The PBDF-TF-BTz also offers more favorable molecular packing and appropriate miscibility with non-fullerene acceptor Y6 than its counterparts. The corresponding PBDF-TF-BTz:Y6 OSCs display efficient exciton dissociation, fast charge transport and collection, and reduced charge recombination, eventually leading to a power conversion efficiency of 17.01%. When introducing a fullerene derivative (PCBO-12) as a third component, the PBDF-TF-BTz:Y6:PCBO-12 OSCs yield a remarkable FF of 80.11% with a high efficiency of 18.10%, the highest value among all reported BDF-polymer-based OSCs. This work provides an effective approach to developing high-permittivity photovoltaic materials, showcasing PBDF-TF-BTz as a promising polymer donor for constructing high-performance OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyue Gao
- Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, School of Future Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, P. R. China
| | - Zuo Xiao
- Center for Excellence in Nanoscience (CAS), Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication (CAS), National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Minghuan Cui
- Henan Key Laboratory of Infrared Materials & Spectrum Measures and Applications, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, P. R. China
| | - Makhsud I Saidaminov
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering and Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technologies (CAMTEC), University of Victoria, British Columbia, V8P 5C2, Victoria, 3010, Canada
| | - Furui Tan
- Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, School of Future Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, P. R. China
| | - Luwen Shang
- Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, School of Future Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, P. R. China
| | - Wanpeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, School of Future Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, P. R. China
| | - Chaochao Qin
- Henan Key Laboratory of Infrared Materials & Spectrum Measures and Applications, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, P. R. China
| | - Liming Ding
- Center for Excellence in Nanoscience (CAS), Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication (CAS), National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
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Chen J, Zhang G, Chen Z, Xiao J, Xia T, Li X, Yip HL. Fluorescent Conversion Agent Embedded in Zinc Oxide as an Electron-Transporting Layer for High-Performance Non-Fullerene Organic Solar Cells with Improved Photostability. Small 2024; 20:e2306471. [PMID: 37919853 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202306471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Zinc oxide (ZnO) is widely used as an electron transporting layer (ETL) for organic solar cells (OSCs). Here, a low-cost commercial water/alcohol-soluble fluorescent conversion agent, sodium 2,2'-([1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diyldivinylene)-bis(benzenesulfonate) (CBS), is incorporated into ZnO to develop a novel organic-inorganic hybrid ETL for high-performance OSCs. The photoinduced charge transfer from CBS to ZnO significantly improves the charge transport properties of ZnO, resulting in faster electron extraction and reduced charge recombination in OSC devices with ZnO:CBS ETLs. ZnO:CBS-based devices exhibit higher power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) than their pure ZnO-based counterparts, especially in devices with a thicker ETL, which is more suitable for roll-to-roll and large-area module processing. Furthermore, the strong ultraviolet-light absorption capability of CBS inhibits the photodegradation of the active layer, improving the photostability of ZnO:CBS based OSC devices. Therefore, this work provides a simple and effective strategy for realizing high-performance OSCs with high PCE and good photostability, which can further facilitate the commercialization of OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxiang Chen
- School of Advanced Manufacturing, Fuzhou University, Quanzhou, 362000, China
| | - Guichuan Zhang
- School of Semiconductor Science and Technology, South China Normal University, Foshan, Guangdong, 528225, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chip and Integration Technology, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Zhen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Jingyang Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Tian Xia
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Hin-Lap Yip
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
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37
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Müller D, Jiang E, Campos Guzmán L, Rivas Lázaro P, Baretzky C, Bogati S, Zimmermann B, Würfel U. Ultra-Stable ITO-Free Organic Solar Cells and Modules Processed from Non-Halogenated Solvents under Indoor Illumination. Small 2024; 20:e2305437. [PMID: 37863807 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202305437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Organic Photovoltaics (OPV) is a very promising technology to harvest artificial illumination and power smart devices of the Internet of Things (IoT). Efficiencies as high as 30.2% have been reported for OPVs under warm white light-emitting diode (LED) light. This is due to the narrow spectrum of indoor light, which leads to an optimal bandgap of ≈1.9 eV. Under full sunlight, OPV devices often suffer from poor stability compared to the established inorganic PV technologies such as crystalline silicon. This study focuses on a potentially very cost-effective Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) free cell stack with absorber materials processed from non-halogenated solvents. These organic solar cells and modules with efficiencies up to 21% can already achieve remarkable stabilities under typical indoor illumination. Aging under 50,000 lux LED lighting leads to very little degradation after more than 11 000 h. This light dose corresponds to more than 110 years under 500 lux. For modules encapsulated with a flexible barrier, extrapolated lifetimes of more than 41 years are achieved. This shows that OPV is mature for the specific application under indoor illumination. Due to the large number of potential organic semiconducting materials, further efficiency increase can be expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Müller
- Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE, Heidenhofstr. 2, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center FMF, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ershuai Jiang
- Cluster of Excellence livMatS, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Laura Campos Guzmán
- Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE, Heidenhofstr. 2, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Paula Rivas Lázaro
- Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE, Heidenhofstr. 2, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Clemens Baretzky
- Freiburg Materials Research Center FMF, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Shankar Bogati
- Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE, Heidenhofstr. 2, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Birger Zimmermann
- Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE, Heidenhofstr. 2, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Uli Würfel
- Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE, Heidenhofstr. 2, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center FMF, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence livMatS, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
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38
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Gedeon C, Del Rio N, Furlan F, Taddeucci A, Vanthuyne N, Gregoriou VG, Fuchter MJ, Siligardi G, Gasparini N, Crassous J, Chochos CL. Rational Design of New Conjugated Polymers with Main Chain Chirality for Efficient Optoelectronic Devices: Carbo[6]Helicene and Indacenodithiophene Copolymers as Model Compounds. Adv Mater 2024:e2314337. [PMID: 38406997 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202314337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
The unique properties of conjugated polymers (CPs) in various optoelectronic applications are mainly attributed to their different self-assembly processes and superstructures. Various methods are utilized to tune and control CP structure and properties with less attention paid to the use of chirality. CPs with main chain chirality are rare and their microscopic and macroscopic properties are still unknown. In this work, the first experimental results are provided along these lines by synthesizing a series of racemic and enantiopure CPs containing statistical and alternating carbo[6]helicene and indacenodithiophene moieties and evaluating their microscopic (optical, energy levels) and macroscopic properties (hole mobilities, photovoltaic performance). It is demonstrated that a small statistical insertion of either the racemic or enantiopure helicene into the polymer backbone finely tunes the microscopic and macroscopic properties as a function of the statistical content. The microscopic properties of the enantiopure versus the racemic polymers with the same helicene loading remain similar. On the contrary, the macroscopic properties, and more interestingly those between the two enantiomeric forms, are altered as a function of the statistical content. Once incorporated into a solar cell device, these chiral CPs display better performance in their enantiopure versus racemic forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clement Gedeon
- Advent Technologies SA., Stadiou Str, Patras, Platani, 26504, Greece
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR - UMR 6226, Rennes, 35000, France
| | | | - Francesco Furlan
- Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Department of Chemistry, White City Campus, Imperial College London, 82 Wood Lane, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Andrea Taddeucci
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0GD, UK
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, University of Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13, Pisa, 56124, Italy
| | - Nicolas Vanthuyne
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille, 13007, France
| | - Vasilis G Gregoriou
- Advent Technologies SA., Stadiou Str, Patras, Platani, 26504, Greece
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, 11635, Greece
| | - Matthew J Fuchter
- Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Department of Chemistry, White City Campus, Imperial College London, 82 Wood Lane, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Giuliano Siligardi
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0GD, UK
| | - Nicola Gasparini
- Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Department of Chemistry, White City Campus, Imperial College London, 82 Wood Lane, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | | | - Christos L Chochos
- Advent Technologies SA., Stadiou Str, Patras, Platani, 26504, Greece
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, 11635, Greece
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Ding X, Ding YF, Huang C, Li Y, Zhang M, Zhu C, Li Z. Non-Covalent Interaction Enhancement on Active/Interfacial Layers via Two-Dimensional Vermiculite Doping for Efficient Organic Solar Cells. Small 2024:e2311715. [PMID: 38396319 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202311715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Interface modification plays an important role in improving the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of organic solar cells (OSCs). However, the low non-covalent interaction between the cathode interface layer (CIL) and nonfullerene acceptor (NFA) directly affects the charge collection of OSCs. Here, the non-covalent interaction between the CIL and NFA is enhanced by introducing the 2D vermiculite (VML) in the poly(9,9-bis(3'-(N,N-dimethyl)-Nethylammonium-propyl-2,7-fluorene)-alt-2,7-(9,9-dioctylfluorene)) dibromide (PFN-Br) interface layer to form an efficient electron transport channel. As a result, the electron extraction efficiency from the active layer to the CIL is increased, and the PCE of OSCs based on PBDB-T:ITIC is boosted from 10.87% to 12.89%. In addition, the strategy of CIL doping VML is proven to be universal in different CIL materials, for which the PCE is boosted from 10.21% to 11.57% for OSCs based on PDINN and from 9.82% to 11.27% for OSCs based on PNDIT-F3N. The results provide a viable option for designing efficient CIL for high-performance non-fullerene OSCs, which may promote the commercialization of OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Ding
- College of Mechanical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Feng Ding
- School of Mathematics and Physics, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, P. R. China
| | - Chenhui Huang
- College of Mechanical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, P. R. China
| | - Yuehao Li
- College of Mechanical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, P. R. China
| | - Meng Zhang
- College of Mechanical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, P. R. China
| | - Chunguang Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong, Sichuan, 643002, P. R. China
| | - Zhenye Li
- College of Mechanical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, P. R. China
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40
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Zhang T, Yuk Lin Lai J, Shi M, Li Q, Zhang C, Yan H. Data Cleansing and Sub-Unit-Based Molecular Description Enable Accurate Prediction of The Energy Levels of Non-Fullerene Acceptors Used in Organic Solar Cells. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2024:e2308652. [PMID: 38386329 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202308652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs) have recently emerged as pivotal materials for enhancing the efficiency of organic solar cells (OSCs). To further advance OSC efficiency, precise control over the energy levels of NFAs is imperative, necessitating the development of a robust computational method for accurate energy level predictions. Unfortunately, conventional computational techniques often yield relatively large errors, typically ranging from 0.2 to 0.5 electronvolts (eV), when predicting energy levels. In this study, the authors present a novel method that not only expedites energy level predictions but also significantly improves accuracy , reducing the error margin to 0.06 eV. The method comprises two essential components. The first component involves data cleansing, which systematically eliminates problematic experimental data and thereby minimizes input data errors. The second component introduces a molecular description method based on the electronic properties of the sub-units comprising NFAs. The approach simplifies the intricacies of molecular computation and demonstrates markedly enhanced prediction performance compared to the conventional density functional theory (DFT) method. Our methodology will expedite research in the field of NFAs, serving as a catalyst for the development of similar computational approaches to address challenges in other areas of material science and molecular research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhang
- Department of Computing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 11 Yuk Choi Road, Hung Hom, KLN, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Joshua Yuk Lin Lai
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Mingzhe Shi
- Department of Computing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 11 Yuk Choi Road, Hung Hom, KLN, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Computing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 11 Yuk Choi Road, Hung Hom, KLN, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Department of Computing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 11 Yuk Choi Road, Hung Hom, KLN, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - He Yan
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
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41
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Liu J, Zhang Y, Liu X, Wen L, Wan L, Song C, Xin J, Liang Q. Solution Sequential Deposition Pseudo-Planar Heterojunction: An Efficient Strategy for State-of-Art Organic Solar Cells. Small Methods 2024:e2301803. [PMID: 38386309 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202301803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Organic solar cells (OSCs) are considered as a promising new generation of clean energy. Bulk heterojunction (BHJ) structure has been widely employed in the active layer of efficient OSCs. However, precise regulation of morphology in BHJ is still challenging due to the competitive coupling between crystallization and phase separation. Recently, a novel pseudo-planar heterojunction (PPHJ) structure, prepared through solution sequential deposition, has attracted much attention. It is an easy-to-prepare structure in which the phase separation structures, interfaces, and molecular packing can be separately controlled. Employing PPHJ structure, the properties of OSCs, such as power conversion efficiency, stability, transparency, flexibility, and so on, are usually better than its BHJ counterpart. Hence, a comprehensive understanding of the film-forming process, morphology control, and device performance of PPHJ structure should be considered. In terms of the representative works about PPHJ, this review first introduces the fabrication process of active layers based on PPHJ structure. Second, the widely applied morphology control methods in PPHJ structure are summarized. Then, the influences of PPHJ structure on device performance and other property are reviewed, which largely expand its application. Finally, a brief prospect and development tendency of PPHJ devices are discussed with the consideration of their challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangang Liu
- School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, P.R. China
| | - Yutong Zhang
- School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, P.R. China
| | - Xingpeng Liu
- School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, P.R. China
| | - Liangquan Wen
- School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, P.R. China
| | - Longjing Wan
- School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, P.R. China
| | - Chunpeng Song
- School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, P.R. China
| | - Jingming Xin
- School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, P.R. China
| | - Qiuju Liang
- School of Microelectronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, P.R. China
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42
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Fu Z, Qiao JW, Cui FZ, Zhang WQ, Wang LH, Lu P, Yin H, Du XY, Qin W, Hao XT. π-π Stacking Modulation via Polymer Adsorption for Elongated Exciton Diffusion in High-Efficiency Thick-Film Organic Solar Cells. Adv Mater 2024:e2313532. [PMID: 38386402 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202313532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Developing efficient organic solar cells (OSCs) with thick active layers is crucial for roll-to-roll printing. However, thicker layers often result in lower efficiency. This study tackles this challenge using a polymer adsorption strategy combined with a layer-by-layer approach. Incorporating insulator polystyrene (PS) into the PM6:L8-BO system creates PM6+PS:L8-BO blends, effectively suppressing trap states and extending exciton diffusion length in the mixed donor domain. Adding insulating polymers with benzene rings to the donor enhances π-π stacking of donors, boosting intermolecular interactions and electron wave function overlap. This results in more orderly molecular stacking, longer exciton lifetimes, and higher diffusion lengths. The promoted long-range exciton diffusion leads to high power conversion efficiencies of 19.05% and 18.15% for PM6+PS:L8-BO blend films with 100 and 300 nm thickness, respectively, as well as a respectable 16.00% for 500 nm. These insights guide material selection for better exciton diffusion, and offer a method for thick-film OSC fabrication, promoting a prosperous future for practical OSC mass production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Fu
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Wei Qiao
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Feng-Zhe Cui
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Qing Zhang
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Ling-Hua Wang
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Peng Lu
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, P. R. China
- School of Physics, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Physics Education, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Hang Yin
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Yan Du
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Wei Qin
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Tao Hao
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, P. R. China
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
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Peng J, Meng F, Cheng J, Lai X, Du M, Huang M, Zhang J, He F, Zhou E, Zhao D, Zhao B. Noncovalent Interaction Boosts Performance and Stability of Organic Solar Cells Based on Giant-Molecule Acceptors. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2024; 16:7317-7326. [PMID: 38305907 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c18325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Designing giant-molecule acceptors is deemed as an up-and-coming strategy to construct stable organic solar cells (OSCs) with high performance. Herein, two giant dimeric acceptors, namely, DYV and DYFV, have been designed and synthesized by linking two Y-series derivatives with a vinyl unit. DYFV exhibits more red-shifted absorption, down-shifted energy levels, and enhanced intermolecular packing than DYV because the intramolecular noncovalent interaction (H···F) of DYFV leads to better coplanarity of the backbone. The D18:DYFV film owns a distinct nanofibrous nanophase separation structure, a more dominant face-on orientation, and more balanced carrier mobilities. Therefore, the D18:DYFV OSC achieves a higher photoelectron conversion efficiency of 17.88% and a longer-term stability with a t80 over 45,000 h compared with the D18:DYV device. The study demonstrates that the intramolecular noncovalent interaction is a superior strategy to design giant-molecule acceptors and boost the photovoltaic performance and stability of the OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxun Peng
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Fei Meng
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jing Cheng
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Xue Lai
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Mengzhen Du
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Meihua Huang
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Jianqi Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Feng He
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Erjun Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Dongbing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
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Lewińska G, Jeleń P, Kucia Z, Sitarz M, Walczak Ł, Szafraniak B, Sanetra J, Marszalek KW. CdSe/ZnS quantum dots as a booster in the active layer of distributed ternary organic photovoltaics. Beilstein J Nanotechnol 2024; 15:144-156. [PMID: 38317826 PMCID: PMC10840543 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.15.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Organic solar cells are a promising candidate for practical use because of their low material cost and simple production procedures. The challenge is selecting materials with the right properties and how they interrelate in the context of manufacturing the device. This paper presents studies on CdSe/ZnS nanodots as dopants in a polymer-fullerene matrix for application in organic solar cells. An assembly of poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) and 6,6-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester was used as the active reference layer. Absorption and luminescence spectra as well as the dispersion relations of refractive indices and extinction coefficient were investigated. The morphologies of the thin films were studied with atomic force microscopy. The chemical boundaries of the ternary layers were determined by Raman spectroscopy. Based on UPS studies, the energy diagram of the potential devices was determined. The resistivity of the layers was determined using impedance spectroscopy. Simulations (General-Purpose Photovoltaic Device Model) showed a performance improvement in the cells with quantum dots of 0.36-1.45% compared to those without quantum dots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Lewińska
- AGH University of Krakow, Institute of Electronics, 30 Mickiewicza Ave, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Piotr Jeleń
- AGH University of Krakow, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, Department of Silicate Chemistry and Macromolecular Compounds, 30 Mickiewicza Ave, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Zofia Kucia
- AGH University of Krakow, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, Department of Silicate Chemistry and Macromolecular Compounds, 30 Mickiewicza Ave, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Maciej Sitarz
- AGH University of Krakow, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, Department of Silicate Chemistry and Macromolecular Compounds, 30 Mickiewicza Ave, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Łukasz Walczak
- R&D Department, PREVAC sp. z o.o., Raciborska 61, 44-362 Rogów, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Szafraniak
- AGH University of Krakow, Institute of Electronics, 30 Mickiewicza Ave, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Jerzy Sanetra
- retired, formerly: Cracow University of Technology, Institute of Physics, ul. Podchorążych 1, 30-084 Kraków, Poland
| | - Konstanty W Marszalek
- AGH University of Krakow, Institute of Electronics, 30 Mickiewicza Ave, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
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Lin T, Hai Y, Luo Y, Feng L, Jia T, Wu J, Ma R, Dela Peña TA, Li Y, Xing Z, Li M, Wang M, Xiao B, Wong KS, Liu S, Li G. Isomerization of Benzothiadiazole Yields a Promising Polymer Donor and Organic Solar Cells with Efficiency of 19.0. Adv Mater 2024:e2312311. [PMID: 38305577 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202312311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
The exploration of high-performance and low-cost wide-bandgap polymer donors remains critical to achieve high-efficiency nonfullerene organic solar cells (OSCs) beyond current thresholds. Herein, the 1,2,3-benzothiadiazole (iBT), which is an isomer of 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole (BT), is used to design wide-bandgap polymer donor PiBT. The PiBT-based solar cells reach efficiency of 19.0%, which is one of the highest efficiencies in binary OSCs. Systemic studies show that isomerization of BT to iBT can finely regulate the polymers' photoelectric properties including i) increasing the extinction coefficient and photon harvest, ii) downshifting the highest occupied molecular orbital energy levels, iii) improving the coplanarity of polymer backbones, iv) offering good thermodynamic miscibility with acceptors. Consequently, the PiBT:Y6 bulk heterojunction (BHJ) device simultaneously reaches advantageous nanoscale morphology, efficient exciton generation and dissociation, fast charge transportation, and suppressed charge recombination, leading to larger VOC of 0.87 V, higher JSC of 28.2 mA cm-2 , greater fill factor of 77.3%, and thus higher efficiency of 19.0%, while the analog-PBT-based OSCs reach efficiency of only 12.9%. Moreover, the key intermediate iBT can be easily afforded from industry chemicals via two-step procedure. Overall, this contribution highlights that iBT is a promising motif for designing high-performance polymer donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Lin
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University, Guangzhou, 510665, China
| | - Yulong Hai
- Advanced Materials Thrust, Function Hub, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Nansha, Guangzhou, 511400, China
| | - Yongmin Luo
- Advanced Materials Thrust, Function Hub, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Nansha, Guangzhou, 511400, China
| | - Lingwei Feng
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Tao Jia
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University, Guangzhou, 510665, China
| | - Jiaying Wu
- Advanced Materials Thrust, Function Hub, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Nansha, Guangzhou, 511400, China
| | - Ruijie Ma
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Research Institute for Smart Energy (RISE), Photonic Research Institute (PRI), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Top Archie Dela Peña
- Advanced Materials Thrust, Function Hub, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Nansha, Guangzhou, 511400, China
- Faculty of Science, Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Yao Li
- Advanced Materials Thrust, Function Hub, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Nansha, Guangzhou, 511400, China
| | - Zengshan Xing
- School of Science, Department of Physics, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Mingjie Li
- Faculty of Science, Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Min Wang
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University, Guangzhou, 510665, China
| | - Biao Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices (Ministry of Education), Flexible Display Materials and Technology Co-Innovation Centre of Hubei Province, School of Optoelectronic Materials & Technology, Jianghan University (JHUN), Wuhan, 430056, China
| | - Kam Sing Wong
- School of Science, Department of Physics, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Shengjian Liu
- School of Chemistry, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage, Key Laboratory of Electronic Chemicals for Integrated Circuit Packaging, South China Normal University (SCNU), Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Research Institute for Smart Energy (RISE), Photonic Research Institute (PRI), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, 999077, China
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46
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Li S, Gao M, Zhou K, Li X, Xian K, Zhao W, Chen Y, He C, Ye L. Achieving Record-High Stretchability and Mechanical Stability in Organic Photovoltaic Blends with a Dilute-absorber Strategy. Adv Mater 2024; 36:e2307278. [PMID: 37865872 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202307278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
Organic solar cells (OSCs) have potential for applications in wearable electronics. Except for high power conversion efficiency (PCE), excellent tensile properties and mechanical stability are required for achieving high-performance wearable OSCs, while the present metrics barely meet the stretchable requirements. Herein, this work proposes a facile and low-cost strategy for constructing intrinsically stretchable OSCs by introducing a readily accessible polymer elastomer as a diluent for all-polymer photovoltaic blends. Remarkably, record-high stretchability with a fracture strain of up to 1000% and mechanical stability with elastic recovery >90% under cyclic tensile tests are realized in the OSCs active layers for the first time. Specifically, the tensile properties of best-performing all-polymer photovoltaic blends are increased by up to 250 times after blending. Previously unattainable performance metrics (fracture strain >50% and PCE >10%) are achieved simultaneously for the resulting photovoltaic films. Furthermore, an overall evaluation parameter y is proposed for the efficiency-cost- stretchability balance of photovoltaic blend films. The y value of dilute-absorber system is two orders of magnitude greater than those of prior state-of-the-art systems. Additionally, intrinsically stretchable devices are prepared to showcase the mechanical stability. Overall, this work offers a new avenue for constructing and comprehensively evaluating intrinsically stretchable organic electronic films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saimeng Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Mengyuan Gao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Kangkang Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Xin Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Kaihu Xian
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Wenchao Zhao
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chunyong He
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Spallation Neutron Source Science Center, Dongguan, 523803, China
| | - Long Ye
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
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Zhang G, Chen Q, Zhang Z, Gao Z, Xiao C, Wei Y, Li W. NiO x Nanoparticles Hole-Transporting Layer Regulated by Ionic Radius-Controlled Doping and Reductive Agent for Organic Solar Cells with Efficiency of 19.18. Adv Mater 2024; 36:e2310630. [PMID: 38029790 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202310630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Nickel oxide (NiOx ) has garnered considerable attention as a prospective hole-transporting layer (HTL) in organic solar cells (OSCs), offering a potential solution to the stability challenges posed by traditional HTL, PEDOT:PSS, arising from acidity and hygroscopicity. Nevertheless, the lower work function (WF) of NiOx relative to donor polymers reduces charge injection efficiency in OSCs. Herein, NiOx nanoparticles are tailored through rare earth doping to optimize WF and the impact of ionic radius on their electronic properties is explored. Lanthanum (La3+ ) and yttrium (Y3+ ) ions, with larger ionic radii, are effectively doped at 1 and 3%, respectively, while scandium (Sc3+ ), with a smaller ion radius, allows enhanced 5% doping. Higher doping ratios significantly enhance WF of NiOx . A 5% Sc3+ doping raises WF to 4.99 eV from 4.77 eV for neat NiOx while maintaining high conductivity. Consequently, using 5% Sc-doped NiOx as HTL improves the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of OSCs to 17.13%, surpassing the 15.64% with the neat NiOx . Further enhancement to 18.42% is achieved by introducing the reductant catechol, outperforming the PEDOT:PSS-based devices. Additionally, when employed in a ternary blend system (D18:N3:F-BTA3), an impressive PCE of 19.18 % is realized, top-performing among reported OSCs utilizing solution-processed inorganic nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangcong Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Qiaomei Chen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Zhou Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Zihao Gao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Chengyi Xiao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Yen Wei
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
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48
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Zhou D, Wang Y, Yang S, Quan J, Deng J, Wang J, Li Y, Tong Y, Wang Q, Chen L. Recent Advances of Benzodithiophene-Based Donor Materials for Organic Solar Cells. Small 2024; 20:e2306854. [PMID: 37828639 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202306854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of organic solar cells (OSCs) has increased dramatically, making a big step toward the industrial application of OSCs. Among numerous OSCs, benzodithiophene (BDT)-based OSCs stand out in achieving efficient PCE. Notably, single-junction OSCs using BDT-based polymers as donor materials have completed a PCE of over 19%, indicating a dramatic potential for preparing high-performance large-scale OSCs. This paper reviews the recent progress of OSCs based on BDT polymer donor materials (PDMs). The development of BDT-based OSCs is concisely summarized. Meanwhile, the relationship between the structure of PDMs and the performance of OSCs is further described in this review. Besides, the development and prospect of single junction OSCs are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants, Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, 696 Fenghe South Avenue, Nanchang, 330063, China
| | - Yanyan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants, Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, 696 Fenghe South Avenue, Nanchang, 330063, China
| | - Shu Yang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Hebei Normal University of Science & Technology, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China
| | - Jianwei Quan
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants, Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, 696 Fenghe South Avenue, Nanchang, 330063, China
| | - Jiawei Deng
- Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry (IPEC), Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Jianru Wang
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants, Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, 696 Fenghe South Avenue, Nanchang, 330063, China
| | - Yubing Li
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants, Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, 696 Fenghe South Avenue, Nanchang, 330063, China
| | - Yongfen Tong
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants, Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, 696 Fenghe South Avenue, Nanchang, 330063, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants, Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, 696 Fenghe South Avenue, Nanchang, 330063, China
| | - Lie Chen
- Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry (IPEC), Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China
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49
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Lu H, Liu W, Ran G, Li J, Li D, Liu Y, Xu X, Zhang W, Bo Z. High-Efficiency Binary and Ternary Organic Solar Cells Based on Novel Nonfused-Ring Electron Acceptors. Adv Mater 2024; 36:e2307292. [PMID: 37811717 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202307292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, three nonfused-ring electron acceptors (2TT, 2TT-C6-F, and 2TT-C11-F) with the same steric hindrance groups (2,4,6-tripropylbenzene) are designed and synthesized and the impact of electron-withdrawing and lateral alkyl side chains on the performance of binary and ternary organic solar cells (OSCs) is explored. For the binary OSCs, 2TT-C11-F with IC-2F terminal groups and lateral undecyl side chains display a red shifted absorption spectrum and suitable energy levels, and the corresponding blend film exhibits appropriate phase separation and crystallinity. Thus, binary OSCs based on 2TT-C11-F achieve an impressive power conversion efficiency of 13.03%, much higher than the efficiencies of those based on 2TT (9.68%) and 2TT-C6-F (12.11%). In the ternary OSCs, 2TT with CC terminal groups and lateral hexyl side chains exhibit complementary absorption and cascade energy levels with a host binary system (D18:BTP-eC9-4F). Hence, the ternary OSCs based on 2TT achieve a remarkable efficiency of 19.39%, ranking among the highest reported values. The research yields comprehensive 2TT-series nonfused-ring electron acceptors, demonstrating their great potential for the fabrication of high-performance binary and ternary OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Lu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
- College of Textiles & Clothing, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Wenlong Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Guangliu Ran
- Department of Physics and Applied Optics Beijing Area Major Laboratory, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Jingyi Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Dawei Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yahui Liu
- College of Textiles & Clothing, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Xinjun Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Wenkai Zhang
- Department of Physics and Applied Optics Beijing Area Major Laboratory, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Zhishan Bo
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
- College of Textiles & Clothing, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
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50
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Liu C, Fu Y, Zhou J, Wang L, Guo C, Cheng J, Sun W, Chen C, Zhou J, Liu D, Li W, Wang T. Alkoxythiophene-Directed Fibrillization of Polymer Donor for Efficient Organic Solar Cells. Adv Mater 2024; 36:e2308608. [PMID: 37996989 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202308608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Realizing fibrillar molecular framework is highly encouraged in organic solar cells (OSCs) due to the merit of efficient charge carrier transport. This is however mainly achieved via the chemical structural design of photovoltaic semiconductors. In this work, through the utilization of three alkoxythiophene additives, T-2OMe, T-OEH, and T-2OEH, the intermolecular interactions among a series of BDT-type polymer donors, i.e., PM6, D18, PBDB-T, and PTB7-Th, are tuned to self-assemble into nanofibrils during solution casting. X-ray technique and molecular dynamics simulation reveal that the alkoxythiophene with (2-ethylhexyl)oxy (─OEH) chains can attach on the 2-ethylhexyl (EH) chains of these polymer donors and promote their self-assembly into 1D nanofibrils, in their neat films as well as photovoltaic blends with L8-BO. By adapting these fibrillar polymer donors to construct pseudo-bulk heterojunction (P-BHJ) OSCs via layer-by-layer deposition, generally improved device performance is seen, with power conversion efficiencies enhanced from 18.2% to 19.2% (certified 18.96%) and from 17.9% to 18.7% for the PM6/L8-BO and D18/L8-BO devices, respectively. This work provides a physical approach to promote the fibrillar charge transport channels for efficient photovoltaics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenhao Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yiwei Fu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jinpeng Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Liang Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chuanhang Guo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jingchao Cheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Wei Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chen Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Dan Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Wei Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Tao Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
- School of Materials and Microelectronics, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
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