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Wang G, Wang J, Cui Y, Chen Z, Wang W, Yu Y, Zhang T, Ma L, Xiao Y, Qiao J, Xu Y, Hao XT, Hou J. Achieving High Fill Factor in Organic Photovoltaic Cells by Tuning Molecular Electrostatic Potential Fluctuation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202401066. [PMID: 38450828 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202401066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
In the field of organic photovoltaics (OPVs), significant progress has been made in tailoring molecular structures to enhance the open-circuit voltage and the short-circuit current density. However, there remains a crucial gap in the development of coordinated material design strategies focused on improving the fill factor (FF). Here, we introduce a molecular design strategy that incorporates electrostatic potential fluctuation to design organic photovoltaic materials. By reducing the fluctuation amplitude of IT-4F, we synthesized a new acceptor named ITOC6-4F. When using PBQx-TF as a donor, the ITOC6-4F-based cell shows a markedly low recombination rate constant of 0.66×10-14 cm3 s-1 and demonstrates an outstanding FF of 0.816, both of which are new records for binary OPV cells. Also, we find that a small fluctuation amplitude could decrease the energetic disorder of OPV cells, reducing energy loss. Finally, the ITOC6-4F-based cell creates the highest efficiency of 16.0 % among medium-gap OPV cells. Our work holds a vital implication for guiding the design of high-performance OPV materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanlin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jingwen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yong Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Zhihao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Wenxuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yue Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lijiao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yang Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jiawei Qiao
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - Ye Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- State Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Science and Technology, Trina Solar, Changzhou, 213000, China
| | - Xiao-Tao Hao
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - Jianhui Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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Yang N, Cui Y, Zhang T, An C, Chen Z, Xiao Y, Yu Y, Wang Y, Hao XT, Hou J. Molecular Design of Fully Nonfused Acceptors for Efficient Organic Photovoltaic Cells. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:9205-9215. [PMID: 38523309 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c00090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
The nonfused thiophene-benzene-thiophene (TBT) unit offers advantages in obtaining low-cost organic photovoltaic (OPV) materials due to its simple structure. However, OPV cells, including TBT-based acceptors, exhibit significantly lower energy conversion efficiencies. Here, we introduce a novel approach involving the design and synthesis of three TBT-based acceptors by substituting different position-branched side chains on the TBT unit. In comparison to TBT-10 and TBT-11, TBT-13, which exclusively incorporates α-position branched side chains with a large steric hindrance, demonstrates a more planar and stable conformation. When blended with the donor PBQx-TF, TBT-13-based blend film achieves favorable π-π stacking and aggregation characteristics, resulting in excellent charge transfer performance in the corresponding device. Due to the simultaneous enhancements in short-circuit current density and fill factor, the TBT-13-based OPV cell obtains an outstanding efficiency of 16.1%, marking the highest value for the cells based on fully nonfused acceptors. Our work provides a practical molecular design strategy for high-performance and low-cost OPV materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Yang
- Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yong Cui
- Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Cunbin An
- Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zhihao Chen
- Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yang Xiao
- Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yue Yu
- Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yafei Wang
- Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiao-Tao Hao
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Jianhui Hou
- Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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3
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Yu Y, Wang J, Cui Y, Chen Z, Zhang T, Xiao Y, Wang W, Wang J, Hao XT, Hou J. Cost-Effective Cathode Interlayer Material for Scalable Organic Photovoltaic Cells. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:8697-8705. [PMID: 38478698 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c01139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells have demonstrated remarkable success on the laboratory scale. However, the lack of cathode interlayer materials for large-scale production still limits their practical application. Here, we rationally designed and synthesized a cathode interlayer, named NDI-Ph. Benefiting from their well-modulated work function and self-doping effect, NDI-Ph-based binary OPV cells achieve an excellent power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 19.1%. NDI-Ph can be easily synthesized on a 100 g scale with a low cost of 1.96 $ g-1 using low-cost raw materials and a simple postprocessing method. In addition, the insensitivity to the film thickness of NDI-Ph enables it to maintain a high PCE at various coating speeds and solution concentrations, demonstrating excellent adaptability for high-throughput OPV cell manufacturing. As a result, a module with 21.9 cm2 active area achieves a remarkable PCEactive of 15.8%, underscoring the prospects of NDI-Ph in the large-scale production of OPV cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jianqiu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yong Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Zhihao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yang Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Wenxuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jingwen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Tao Hao
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Jianhui Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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4
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Fu Z, Qiao JW, Cui FZ, Zhang WQ, Wang LH, Lu P, Yin H, Du XY, Qin W, Hao XT. π-π Stacking Modulation via Polymer Adsorption for Elongated Exciton Diffusion in High-Efficiency Thick-Film Organic Solar Cells. Adv Mater 2024:e2313532. [PMID: 38386402 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202313532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Developing efficient organic solar cells (OSCs) with thick active layers is crucial for roll-to-roll printing. However, thicker layers often result in lower efficiency. This study tackles this challenge using a polymer adsorption strategy combined with a layer-by-layer approach. Incorporating insulator polystyrene (PS) into the PM6:L8-BO system creates PM6+PS:L8-BO blends, effectively suppressing trap states and extending exciton diffusion length in the mixed donor domain. Adding insulating polymers with benzene rings to the donor enhances π-π stacking of donors, boosting intermolecular interactions and electron wave function overlap. This results in more orderly molecular stacking, longer exciton lifetimes, and higher diffusion lengths. The promoted long-range exciton diffusion leads to high power conversion efficiencies of 19.05% and 18.15% for PM6+PS:L8-BO blend films with 100 and 300 nm thickness, respectively, as well as a respectable 16.00% for 500 nm. These insights guide material selection for better exciton diffusion, and offer a method for thick-film OSC fabrication, promoting a prosperous future for practical OSC mass production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Fu
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Wei Qiao
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Feng-Zhe Cui
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Qing Zhang
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Ling-Hua Wang
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Peng Lu
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, P. R. China
- School of Physics, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Physics Education, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Hang Yin
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Yan Du
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Wei Qin
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Tao Hao
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, P. R. China
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
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5
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Zhang KN, Du XY, Yan L, Pu YJ, Tajima K, Wang X, Hao XT. Organic Photovoltaic Stability: Understanding the Role of Engineering Exciton and Charge Carrier Dynamics from Recent Progress. Small Methods 2024; 8:e2300397. [PMID: 37204077 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202300397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Benefiting from the synergistic development of material design, device engineering, and the mechanistic understanding of device physics, the certified power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of single-junction non-fullerene organic solar cells (OSCs) have already reached a very high value of exceeding 19%. However, in addition to PCEs, the poor stability is now a challenging obstacle for commercial applications of organic photovoltaics (OPVs). Herein, recent progress made in exploring operational mechanisms, anomalous photoelectric behaviors, and improving long-term stability in non-fullerene OSCs are highlighted from a novel and previously largely undiscussed perspective of engineering exciton and charge carrier pathways. Considering the intrinsic connection among multiple temporal-scale photocarrier dynamics, multi-length scale morphologies, and photovoltaic performance in OPVs, this review delineates and establishes a comprehensive and in-depth property-function relationship for evaluating the actual device stability. Moreover, this review has also provided some valuable photophysical insights into employing the advanced characterization techniques such as transient absorption spectroscopy and time-resolved fluorescence imagings. Finally, some of the remaining major challenges related to this topic are proposed toward the further advances of enhancing long-term operational stability in non-fullerene OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang-Ning Zhang
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Yan Du
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Lei Yan
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Jin Pu
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Keisuke Tajima
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Xingzhu Wang
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, P. R. China
- School of Electrical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Tao Hao
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, P. R. China
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
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6
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Zhang KN, Hao XT. Multiple-Time Scale Exciton Dynamics in Organic Photovoltaic Devices. J Phys Chem Lett 2023:6051-6060. [PMID: 37358341 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c01004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Organic photovoltaics (OPVs) are regarded as one of the most promising candidates for various outdoor and indoor application scenarios. The development and application of nonfullerene acceptors have pushed power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of single-junction cells to exceed 19%, and values approaching 20% are within sight. This progress has resulted in some unexpected photophysical observations deserving more in-depth spectroscopic research. In this Perspective, we have summarized recent photophysical advances in accordance with results of ultrafast spectroscopy in our and other groups and provide our point of view on multiple-time scale exciton dynamics involving the following aspects: long-range exciton diffusion driven by dual Förster resonance energy transfer, origins of driving force for hole transfer under small energy offsets, trap-induced charge recombination in outdoor and indoor OPVs, and a picture of real-time evolution of excitons and charge carriers regarding stability. Moreover, our understanding of the photophysical property-function relationship is proposed in state-of-the-art OPVs. Finally, we point out the remaining challenges devoted to the further development of versatile OPVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang-Ning Zhang
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Tao Hao
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, P.R. China
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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Wang J, Cui Y, Chen Z, Zhang J, Xiao Y, Zhang T, Wang W, Xu Y, Yang N, Yao H, Hao XT, Wei Z, Hou J. A Wide Bandgap Acceptor with Large Dielectric Constant and High Electrostatic Potential Values for Efficient Organic Photovoltaic Cells. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37311087 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c01634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Low-bandgap materials have achieved rapid development and promoted the enhancement of power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells. However, the design of wide-bandgap non-fullerene acceptors (WBG-NFAs), required by indoor applications and tandem cells, has been lagging far behind the development of OPV technologies. Here, we designed and synthesized two NFAs named ITCC-Cl and TIDC-Cl by finely optimizing ITCC. In contrast with ITCC and ITCC-Cl, TIDC-Cl can maintain a wider bandgap and a higher electrostatic potential simultaneously. When blending with the donor PB2, the highest dielectric constant is also obtained in TIDC-Cl-based films, enabling efficient charge generation. Therefore, the PB2:TIDC-Cl-based cell possessed a high PCE of 13.8% with an excellent fill factor (FF) of 78.2% under the air mass 1.5G (AM 1.5G) condition. Furthermore, an exciting PCE of 27.1% can be accomplished in the PB2:TIDC-Cl system under the illumination of 500 lux (2700 K light-emitting diode). Combined with the theoretical simulation, the tandem OPV cell based on TIDC-Cl was fabricated and exhibited an excellent PCE of 20.0%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yong Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zhihao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jianqi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yang Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wenxuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ye Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Ni Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Huifeng Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xiao-Tao Hao
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, P. R. China
| | - Zhixiang Wei
- Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jianhui Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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8
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Wang T, Chen ZH, Qiao JW, Qin W, Liu JQ, Wang XZ, Pu YJ, Yin H, Hao XT. Correlating Charge Transfer Dynamics with Interfacial Trap States in High-Efficiency Organic Solar Cells. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:12109-12118. [PMID: 36813758 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c21470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The charge transfer between the donor and acceptor determines the photogenerated carrier density in organic solar cells. However, a fundamental understanding regarding the charge transfer at donor/acceptor interfaces with high-density traps has not been fully addressed. Herein, a general correlation between trap densities and charge transfer dynamics is established by adopting a series of high-efficiency organic photovoltaic blends. It is found that the electron transfer rates are reduced with increased trap densities, while the hole transfer rates are independent of trap states. The local charges captured by traps can induce potential barrier formation around recombination centers, leading to the suppression of electron transfer. For the hole transfer process, the thermal energy provides a sufficient driving force, which ensures an efficient transfer rate. As a result, a 17.18% efficiency is obtained for PM6:BTP-eC9-based devices with the lowest interfacial trap densities. This work highlights the importance of interfacial traps in charge transfer processes and proposes an underlying insight into the charge transfer mechanism at nonideal interfaces in organic heterostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Wang
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, Shandong, China
| | - Zhi-Hao Chen
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, Shandong, China
| | - Jia-Wei Qiao
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Qin
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, Shandong, China
| | - Jian-Qiang Liu
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, Shandong, China
| | - Xing-Zhu Wang
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yong-Jin Pu
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS)2-1 Hirosawa, Wako 351-0198, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hang Yin
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, Shandong, China
| | - Xiao-Tao Hao
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, Shandong, China
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Victoria, Australia
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9
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Wang LH, Zhang KN, Sun M, Li M, Cai XF, Tan Y, Hao XT, Du XY. Reducing Voltage Losses of Organic Solar Cells against Energetics Modifications by Thermal Stress. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:11974-11981. [PMID: 36535016 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c03283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Voltage losses are one of the main obstacles for further improvement in the power conversion efficiency of organic solar cells. In this work, we investigate the effect of thermal stress on voltage losses in various material systems by multiple spectroscopic measurements on both devices and thin films. The energetics of nonfullerene small molecules are more readily altered under thermal stress compared to all-polymer and fullerene-based systems, thereby strongly affecting open-circuit voltage. These energetics variations correlate with the glass transition of respective materials. While nonfullerene small molecular acceptor systems exhibit both dynamic and static disorders which can be restrained in annealed films, all-polymeric systems exhibit dominated static disorders, which are also stable against thermal stress. The much higher voltage losses in fullerene-based systems compared to the other two counterparts are mainly due to the losses from device band gap to charge transfer states and the high nonradiative recombination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Hua Wang
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan250100, P. R. China
| | - Kang-Ning Zhang
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan250100, P. R. China
| | - Ming Sun
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan250100, P. R. China
| | - Min Li
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan250100, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Fan Cai
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan250100, P. R. China
| | - Yang Tan
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan250100, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Tao Hao
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan250100, P. R. China
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria3010, Australia
| | - Xiao-Yan Du
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan250100, P. R. China
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou510640, P. R. China
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10
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Zhou J, Guo Q, Zhang B, Cheng SX, Hao XT, Zhong Y, Tang A, Sun X, Zhou E. Improving the Photovoltaic Performance of Dithienobenzodithiophene-Based Polymers via Addition of an Additional Eluent in the Soxhlet Extraction Process. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:52244-52252. [PMID: 36346919 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c14280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Dithieno[2,3-d;2',3'-d']benzo[1,2-b;4,5-b']dithiophene (DTBDT) is a kind of pentacyclic aromatic electron-donating unit with unique optoelectronic properties, but it has received less attention in the design of photovoltaic polymers. In this work, we copolymerized DTBDT with the electron-deficient unit of dithieno[3',2':3,4;2″,3″:5,6]benzo[1,2-c][1,2,5]thiadiazole (DTBT) and obtained two polymers, PE55 and PE56, with a synergistic heteroatom substitution strategy. When blended with the classic nonfullerene acceptor Y6, PE55 and PE56 achieve power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 13.78% and 14.49%, respectively, which indicates that the introduction of sulfur atoms on the conjugated side chain of the D unit is a promising method to enhance the performance of DTBDT-based polymers. Besides, we utilize dichloromethane and chloroform to separate the low molecular weight (Mw) fractions in the solvent extraction process to obtain PE55-CF and PE56-CB, and the PCEs are further improved to 15.00% and 16.11%, respectively. The stronger π-π stacking, optimized blend film morphology, and higher charge mobilities contribute to the enhanced PCEs for polymers with higher Mw obtained via the multistep solvent extraction strategy. Our results not only provide a simple and effective way to improve the photovoltaic performance of conjugated polymers but also imply that some reported polymers purified from the traditional one-step solvent extraction method might be seriously underestimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialing Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Qing Guo
- Henan Institutes of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou450003, China
| | - Bao Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing100190, China
- Henan Institutes of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou450003, China
| | - Si-Xuan Cheng
- School of Physics, Shandong University, Jinan250100, China
| | - Xiao-Tao Hao
- School of Physics, Shandong University, Jinan250100, China
| | - Yufei Zhong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, NingboTech University, Ningbo315100, China
| | - Ailing Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing100190, China
| | - Xiangnan Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Erjun Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
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11
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Wei M, Lu X, Qiao J, Ren S, Hao XT, Qin W. Response of Spin to Chiral Orbit and Phonon in Organic Chiral Ferrimagnetic Crystals. ACS Nano 2022; 16:13049-13056. [PMID: 35943139 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c05601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Achiral organic materials show nearly negligible orbit angular momentum, whereas organic ferrimagnets with chirality and reduced electron-lattice scattering could fundamentally bridge the gap between ferromagnetism and antiferromagnetism in the rapidly emerging field of ferrimagnetic spintronics. In this work, we report enantiomeric organic chiral ferrimagnets, where the chirality results from the molecular torsion by propeller-like arrangement of the donor and acceptor molecules. The ferrimagnetism results from the difference in electron-phonon coupling of the donor and acceptor inside the chiral crystals. Because the spin polarization is significantly dependent on the chirality, the magnetization of right-handed organic chiral ferrimagnetic crystals is larger than that of left-handed ones by 300% at 10 K. In addition, the processes of both excitation and recombination are strongly related to spin, phonon, and chiral orbit in these chiral ferrimagnets. Overall, both the organic chiral ferrimagnetism and spin chiroptical activities may substantially enrich the field of organic spintronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Wei
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Xiangqian Lu
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Jiawei Qiao
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Shenqiang Ren
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of NewYork, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Research and Education in Energy Environment and Water Institute, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Xiao-Tao Hao
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010 Australia
| | - Wei Qin
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
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12
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Cui Y, Yao HF, Xu Y, Bi PQ, Zhang JQ, Zhang T, Hong L, Chen ZH, Wei ZX, Hao XT, Hou JH. 100 cm2 Organic Photovoltaic Cells with 23% Efficiency under Indoor Illumination. Chin J Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-022-2761-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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13
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Gao M, Zhang K, Hao XT, Qin W. Synergistic Effect of Chiral Nanofibers Amplifying the Orbit Angular Momentum To Enhance Optomagnetic Coupling. ACS Nano 2022; 16:4843-4850. [PMID: 35171574 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c00404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Manipulating magnetic bits by photon in spintronics, opto-magnetic coupling, is lagging far behind what we could expect. To investigate the issue, one should face the problem to find photon dependence of spin dynamics and spin manipulation. In this work, through introducing chiral orbit in organic crystals, circularly polarized photon can manipulate spin via the channel of photon-orbit-spin interactions. Under the stimulus of the magnetic field, strong spin polarization will feed back to the change in polarized state of light. Moreover, twisting several chiral nanofibers into a thick one, a more pronounced opto-magnetic coupling is clearly observed due to the chirality generated larger chiral orbit. Meanwhile, spin dynamics (or spin response times) inside the aggregated thick chiral fiber can be further tuned by circularly polarized light. Hopefully, this study can deepen the understanding of organic chiral spin-photonics and enhance the application of organic functional crystals in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingsheng Gao
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Kangning Zhang
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Xiao-Tao Hao
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Wei Qin
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
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14
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Wang T, Niu MS, Wen ZC, Jiang ZN, Qin CC, Wang XY, Liu HY, Li XY, Yin H, Liu JQ, Hao XT. High-Efficiency Thickness-Insensitive Organic Solar Cells with an Insulating Polymer. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:11134-11143. [PMID: 33625840 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c22452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Achieving high-efficiency thick-film bulk heterojunction (BHJ) organic solar cells (OSCs) with thickness-independent power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) in a wide thickness range is still a challenge for the roll-to-roll printing techniques. The concept of diluting the transport sites within BHJ films with insulating polymers can effectively eliminate charge trapping states and optimize the charge transport. Herein, we first adopted the concept with insulating polypropylene (PP) in the efficient non-fullerene system (PM6:Y6) and demonstrated its potential to fabricate thick-film OSCs. The PP can form an insulating matrix prior to PM6 and Y6 within the BHJ film, resulting in an enhanced molecular interaction and isolated charge transport by expelling Y6 molecules. We thus observed reduced trap state density and improved charge transport properties in the PP-blended device. At around 300 nm, the PM6:Y6:PP device enjoys a high PCE of 15.5% and achieves over 100% of the efficiency of the optimal thin-film device, which is significantly improved compared to the binary PM6:Y6 counterpart. This research promotes an effective strategy with insulating polymers and provides knowledge of commercial production with response to the roll-to-roll technique demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Wang
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, P. R. China
| | - Meng-Si Niu
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, P. R. China
| | - Zhen-Chuan Wen
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Nan Jiang
- School of Physics, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China
| | - Chao-Chao Qin
- School of Physics, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China
| | - Xiang-Yang Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of New Energy, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, Shandong 266580, P. R. China
| | - He-Yuan Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of New Energy, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, Shandong 266580, P. R. China
| | - Xi-You Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of New Energy, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, Shandong 266580, P. R. China
| | - Hang Yin
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Qiang Liu
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Tao Hao
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, P. R. China
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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15
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Niu MS, Wang KW, Yang XY, Bi PQ, Zhang KN, Feng XJ, Chen F, Qin W, Xia JL, Hao XT. Correction to "Hole Transfer Originating from Weakly Bound Exciton Dissociation in Acceptor-Donor-Acceptor Nonfullerene Organic Solar Cells". J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:831. [PMID: 31961699 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
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16
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Niu MS, Wang KW, Yang XY, Bi PQ, Zhang KN, Feng XJ, Chen F, Qin W, Xia JL, Hao XT. Hole Transfer Originating from Weakly Bound Exciton Dissociation in Acceptor-Donor-Acceptor Nonfullerene Organic Solar Cells. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:7100-7106. [PMID: 31682127 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b02837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The underlying hole-transfer mechanism in high-efficiency OSC bulk heterojunctions based on acceptor-donor-acceptor (A-D-A) nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs) remains unclear. Herein, we study the hole-transfer process between copolymer donor J91 and five A-D-A NFAs with different highest occupied molecular orbital energy offsets (ΔEH) (0.05-0.42 eV) via ultrafast optical spectroscopies. Transient absorption spectra reveal a rapid hole-transfer rate with small ΔEH, suggesting that a large energy offset is not required to overcome the exciton binding energy. Capacitance-frequency spectra and time-resolved photoluminescence spectra confirm the delocalization of an A-D-A-structured acceptor exciton with weak binding energy. Relative to the hole-transfer rate, hole-transfer efficiency is the key factor affecting device performance. We propose that holes primarily stem from weakly bound acceptor exciton dissociation, revealing a new insight into the hole-transfer process in A-D-A NFA-based OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Si Niu
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials , Shandong University , 250100 Jinan , Shandong , China
| | - Kang-Wei Wang
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing , Wuhan University of Technology , 430070 Wuhan , Hubei , China
| | - Xiao-Yu Yang
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials , Shandong University , 250100 Jinan , Shandong , China
| | - Peng-Qing Bi
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials , Shandong University , 250100 Jinan , Shandong , China
| | - Kang-Ning Zhang
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials , Shandong University , 250100 Jinan , Shandong , China
| | - Xian-Jin Feng
- School of Microelectronics , Shandong University , 250100 Jinan , Shandong , China
| | - Fei Chen
- Department of Mechanical, Materials and Manufacturing Engineering , The University of Nottingham Ningbo China , Ningbo 315100 , P.R. China
| | - Wei Qin
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials , Shandong University , 250100 Jinan , Shandong , China
| | - Jian-Long Xia
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing , Wuhan University of Technology , 430070 Wuhan , Hubei , China
| | - Xiao-Tao Hao
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials , Shandong University , 250100 Jinan , Shandong , China
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Chemistry , The University of Melbourne , Parkville , Victoria 3010 , Australia
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17
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Abstract
In this work, through designing organic helix donor-acceptor complexes, one type of room-temperature chiral magnet was reported. Within these chiral charge transfer magnets, circularly polarized light could induce a larger saturation magnetization compared to linearly polarized light illumination with identical intensity. Moreover, the transmission light polarization from chiral magnets could be tuned via applying the magnetic field. Overall, room-temperature organic chiral magnets with optomagnetic effects will enhance the function of organic magnetochiral materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongxuan Wang
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials , Shandong University , Jinan , 250100 , China
| | - Mingsheng Gao
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials , Shandong University , Jinan , 250100 , China
| | - Mengmeng Wei
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials , Shandong University , Jinan , 250100 , China
| | - Shenqiang Ren
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Research and Education in Energy, Environment & Water (RENEW) Institute , University at Buffalo, The State University of New York , Buffalo , New York 14260 , United States
| | - Xiao-Tao Hao
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials , Shandong University , Jinan , 250100 , China
| | - Wei Qin
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials , Shandong University , Jinan , 250100 , China
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18
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Hari Babu B, Lyu C, Billotte T, Pallares-Aldeiturriaga D, Poumellec B, Lopez-Higuera JM, Hao XT, Lancry M. Stress-induced optical waveguides written by an ultrafast laser in Nd 3+, Y 3+ co-doped SrF 2 crystals. Appl Opt 2019; 58:984-990. [PMID: 30874146 DOI: 10.1364/ao.58.000984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we report on the ultrafast laser-induced birefringence, refractive index changes, and enhanced photoluminescence properties in the volume of neodymium (Nd), yttrium (Y) co-doped strontium fluoride (SrF2) and Nd, Y co-doped calcium fluoride (CaF2) crystals. The optical waveguides written with 500 kHz repetition rate provided lowest propagation loss of 1.63±0.21 dB cm-1 for transverse magnetic (TM) polarization at 632.8 nm in Nd,Y:SrF2 crystal. The measured retardance can be interpreted by stress-induced birefringence related to the permanent volume expansion, photo induced by a non-spherical irradiated zone. The absorption, steady-state, and time-resolved photoluminescence properties are also carried out in and out of the laser irradiated zone, enabling the local changes of the Nd and Y network in Nd,Y:SrF2, as well as well-preserved Nd fluorescence in the written optical waveguides.
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19
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Lyu CK, Zheng F, Babu BH, Niu MS, Feng L, Yang JL, Qin W, Hao XT. Functionalized Graphene Oxide Enables a High-Performance Bulk Heterojunction Organic Solar Cell with a Thick Active Layer. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:6238-6248. [PMID: 30240225 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b02701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Novel functionalized graphene oxide π-π stacking with conjugated polymers (P-GO) is fabricated via a simple ethanol-mediated mixing method, leading to better dispersion in organic nonpolar solvents and bypassing the inherent restrictions of hydrophilicity and oleophobicity. We analyze the mechanism of the incorporation of P-GO into inverted organic solar cells (OSCs) based on a poly[[4,8-bis[(2-ethylhexyl)oxy]benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene-2,6-diyl][3-fluoro-2-[(2-ethylhexyl)carbonyl]thieno[3,4- b]thiophenediyl]] (PTB7):[6,6]-phenyl C71 butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM) system to investigate the possibility of high-performance thick-film OSC fabrication. It is verified that the incorporation of P-GO into the PTB7:PC71BM blend films leads to a decreased π-π stacking distance, enlarged coherence length for polymer, and optimized phase separation, resulting in more effective charge dissociation, reduced bimolecular recombination, and more balanced charge transport. The OSCs with 1% P-GO incorporation demonstrate a thickness-insensitive fill factor (57.8%) and power conversion efficiency (PCE) (7.31%) even with 250 nm thick photoactive layers, leading to a dramatic PCE enhancement of 34% compared with the control devices with the same thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Kun Lyu
- School of Physics, State Key Lab of Crystal Materials , Shandong University , Jinan 250100 , China
| | - Fei Zheng
- School of Physics, State Key Lab of Crystal Materials , Shandong University , Jinan 250100 , China
| | - B Hari Babu
- School of Physics, State Key Lab of Crystal Materials , Shandong University , Jinan 250100 , China
| | - Meng-Si Niu
- School of Physics, State Key Lab of Crystal Materials , Shandong University , Jinan 250100 , China
| | - Lin Feng
- School of Physics, State Key Lab of Crystal Materials , Shandong University , Jinan 250100 , China
| | - Jun-Liang Yang
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Super-microstructure and Ultrafast Process, School of Physics and Electronics , Central South University , Changsha 410083 , Hunan China
| | - Wei Qin
- School of Physics, State Key Lab of Crystal Materials , Shandong University , Jinan 250100 , China
| | - Xiao-Tao Hao
- School of Physics, State Key Lab of Crystal Materials , Shandong University , Jinan 250100 , China
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Chemistry , The University of Melbourne , Parkville , Victoria 3010 , Australia
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20
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Zheng F, Yang XY, Bi PQ, Niu MS, Lv CK, Feng L, Hao XT, Ghiggino KP. Improved compatibility of DDAB-functionalized graphene oxide with a conjugated polymer by isocyanate treatment. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra28652f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
2-Chlorophenyl isocyanate (CI) treatment significantly improves the compatibility of DDAB functionalized GO (DDAB-GO) with a conjugated polymer, P3HT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zheng
- School of Physics and State Key Lab of Crystal Materials
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250100
- China
| | - Xiao-Yu Yang
- School of Physics and State Key Lab of Crystal Materials
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250100
- China
| | - Peng-Qing Bi
- School of Physics and State Key Lab of Crystal Materials
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250100
- China
| | - Meng-Si Niu
- School of Physics and State Key Lab of Crystal Materials
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250100
- China
| | - Cheng-Kun Lv
- School of Physics and State Key Lab of Crystal Materials
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250100
- China
| | - Lin Feng
- School of Physics and State Key Lab of Crystal Materials
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250100
- China
| | - Xiao-Tao Hao
- School of Physics and State Key Lab of Crystal Materials
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250100
- China
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science
| | - Kenneth P. Ghiggino
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science
- School of Chemistry
- The University of Melbourne
- Victoria 3010
- Australia
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21
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Bi PQ, Wu B, Zheng F, Xu WL, Yang XY, Feng L, Zhu F, Hao XT. An Obvious Improvement in the Performance of Ternary Organic Solar Cells with "Guest" Donor Present at the "Host" Donor/Acceptor Interface. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2016; 8:23212-23221. [PMID: 27525544 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b07612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A small-molecule material, 7,7-(4,4-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-4H-silolo[3,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene-2,6-diyl)bis(6-fluoro-4-(5'-hexyl-[2,2'-bithiophen]-5-yl)benzo-[c] [1,2,5]thiadiazole) (p-DTS(FBTTH2)2), was used to modify the morphology and electron-transport properties of the polymer blend of poly(3-hexythiophene) (P3HT) and [6,6]-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM) bulk heterojunctions. As a result, a 24% increase in the power-conversion efficiency (PCE) of the p-DTS(FBTTH2)2:P3HT:PC71BM ternary organic solar cells (OSCs) is obtained. The improvement in the performance of OSCs is attributed to the constructive energy cascade path in the ternary system that benefits an efficient Förster resonance energy/charge transfer process between P3HT and p-DTS(FBTTH2)2, thereby improving photocurrent generation. It is shown that p-DTS(FBTTH2)2 molecules engage themselves at the P3HT/PC71BM interface. A combination of absorption enhancement, efficient energy transfer process, and ordered nanomorphology in the ternary system favors exciton dissociation and charge transportation in the polymer bulk heterojunction. The finding of this work reveals that distribution of the appropriate "guest" donor at the "host" donor/acceptor interface is an effective approach for attaining high-performance OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Qing Bi
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University , Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Bo Wu
- Department of Physics, Institute of Advanced Materials and Institute of Research and Continuing Education (Shenzhen), Hong Kong Baptist University , Kowloon Tong 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Fei Zheng
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University , Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Wei-Long Xu
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University , Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Yang
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University , Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Lin Feng
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University , Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Furong Zhu
- Department of Physics, Institute of Advanced Materials and Institute of Research and Continuing Education (Shenzhen), Hong Kong Baptist University , Kowloon Tong 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Xiao-Tao Hao
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University , Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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22
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Xu WL, Zeng P, Wu B, Zheng F, Zhu F, Smith TA, Ghiggino KP, Hao XT. Effects of Processing Solvent on the Photophysics and Nanomorphology of Poly(3-butyl-thiophene) Nanowires:PCBM Blends. J Phys Chem Lett 2016; 7:1872-1879. [PMID: 27140304 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b00808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We report the effect of the processing solvent on the nanoscale morphology and photophysical dynamics of poly(3-butyl-thiophene) nanowires (P3BT-nw). P3BT-nw assembled in ortho-dichlorobenzene (ODCB) show higher crystallization and a longer conjugation length with increased exciton delocalization compared with those assembled in chlorobenzene (CB). It is proposed that this solvent effect is associated with the higher ordered structures formed from ODCB solution state. Charge-transfer dynamics and phase separation for P3BT-nw:PCBM blends were investigated by ultrafast fluorescence techniques. The more efficient fluorescence quenching observed in P3BT-nw:PCBM blend films processed from ODCB suggests that there is intimate contact between P3BT-nw and PCBM that facilitates charge transfer. The superior performance of organic photovoltaic devices based on P3BT-nw:PCBM bulk heterojunctions processed using ODCB is attributed to the higher crystallization of P3BT-nw, optimized phase separation, and more efficient charge transfer from P3BT-nw to PCBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Long Xu
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University , Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Peng Zeng
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Bo Wu
- Department of Physics, Institute of Advanced Materials and Institute of Research and Continuing Education (Shenzhen), Hong Kong Baptist University , Hong Kong
| | - Fei Zheng
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University , Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Furong Zhu
- Department of Physics, Institute of Advanced Materials and Institute of Research and Continuing Education (Shenzhen), Hong Kong Baptist University , Hong Kong
| | - Trevor A Smith
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Kenneth P Ghiggino
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Xiao-Tao Hao
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University , Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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23
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Xu WL, Zheng F, He JL, Zhu MQ, Hao XT. Quantifying phase separation and interfacial area in organic photovoltaic bulk heterojunction processed with solvent additives. Chem Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2015.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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24
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Abstract
Electrons and holes from photo-excited P3HT can transfer to rGO leading mostly to recombination while only electrons transfer to GO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zheng
- School of Physics and State Key Lab of Crystal Materials
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250100
- China
| | - Wei-Long Xu
- School of Physics and State Key Lab of Crystal Materials
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250100
- China
| | - Han-Dong Jin
- School of Physics and State Key Lab of Crystal Materials
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250100
- China
| | - Xiao-Tao Hao
- School of Physics and State Key Lab of Crystal Materials
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250100
- China
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25
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Zheng F, Xu WL, Jin HD, Zhu MQ, Yuan WH, Hao XT, Ghiggino KP. Purified dispersions of graphene in a nonpolar solvent via solvothermal reduction of graphene oxide. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:3824-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc00056d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
It is demonstrated that oxidative debris can be separated and largely removed during the surfactant assisted phase transfer of graphene oxide from a water/ethanol mixture to dichlorobenzene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zheng
- School of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250100
- China
| | - Wei-Long Xu
- School of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250100
- China
| | - Han-Dong Jin
- School of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250100
- China
| | - Meng-Qi Zhu
- School of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250100
- China
| | - Wei-Hao Yuan
- School of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250100
- China
| | - Xiao-Tao Hao
- School of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250100
- China
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26
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Chan NY, Hao XT, Smith TA, Dunstan DE. Conformational and photophysical changes in conjugated polymers exposed to Couette shear. J Phys Chem B 2011; 115:6838-42. [PMID: 21553834 DOI: 10.1021/jp111787b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Conjugated polymers in solution exhibit interesting photophysical behavior, which is dictated by their molecular conformation. The conformations and resulting photophysics can be altered by deformational flows such as simple shear. Solutions of poly[2-methoxy-5-(2-ethyl-hexyloxy)-1,4-phenylene vinylene] (MEH-PPV) in dimethylformamide (DMF) show large decreases in fluorescence intensity as a function of shear rate, combined with significant spectral shifts upon exposure to shear. The excitation and emission spectra shift toward shorter wavelengths, indicating a change in conformation with shortened conjugated segment lengths attributed to compressive hydrodynamic forces in flow. Addition of poly(methyl methacrylate) to the solutions is shown to alter the fluorescence emission spectral behavior, which we ascribe to energy transfer from the higher energy, short segments to a small population of lower energy conjugated segments. The measured fluorescence changes were not reversible upon cessation of shear, demonstrating that permanent conformational changes are induced by flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikko Y Chan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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27
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Hao XT, Chan NY, Heck C, Tanigaki N, Paige MF, Dunstan DE, Smith TA. “Log-Rolling” Alignment in Friction-Transferred Light-Emitting Conjugated Polymer Thin Films. Macromolecules 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/ma102137v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Tao Hao
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Nikko Y. Chan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Claire Heck
- Photonics Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 1-18-31 Midorigaoka, Ikeda 563-8577, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Tanigaki
- Photonics Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 1-18-31 Midorigaoka, Ikeda 563-8577, Japan
| | - Matthew F. Paige
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 5C9
| | - David E. Dunstan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Trevor A. Smith
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
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28
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikko Y. Chan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Xiao-Tao Hao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Trevor A. Smith
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Dave E. Dunstan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
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29
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Hao XT, Ryan T, Bailey MF, Smith TA. Molar Mass Determination of Water-Soluble Light-Emitting Conjugated Polymers by Fluorescence-Based Analytical Ultracentrifugation. Macromolecules 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/ma802475s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Tao Hao
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and The Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Tim Ryan
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and The Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Michael F. Bailey
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and The Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Trevor A. Smith
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and The Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
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30
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Hao XT, Hosokai T, Mitsuo N, Kera S, Okudaira KK, Mase K, Ueno N. Control of the Interchain π−π Interaction and Electron Density Distribution at the Surface of Conjugated Poly(3-hexylthiophene) Thin Films. J Phys Chem B 2007; 111:10365-72. [PMID: 17696390 DOI: 10.1021/jp0732209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Interchain interaction, i.e., pi-pi stacking, can benefit the carrier transport in conjugated regio-regular poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) thin films. However, the existence of the insulating side hexyl chains in the surface region may be detrimental to the charge transfer between the polymer backbone and overlayer molecules. The control of the molecular orientation in the surface region is expected to alter the distribution of the pi electron density at the surface to solve such problems, which can be achieved by controlling the solvent removal rate during solidification. The evidence that the pi-electron density distribution at the outermost surface can be controlled is demonstrated by the investigation using the powerful combination of near edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy, ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy, and the most surface-sensitive technique: Penning ionization electron spectroscopy. From the spectroscopic studies, it can be deduced that the slower removal rate of the solvent makes the polymer chains even at the surface have sufficient time to adopt a more nearly equilibrium structure with edge-on conformation. Thus, the side hexyl chains extend outside the surface, which buries the pi-electron density contributed from the polymer backbone. Contrarily, the quench of obtaining a thermo-equilibrium structure in the surface region due to the faster removal of the solvent residual can lead to the surface chain conformation without persisting to the strong bulk orientation preference. Therefore, the face-on conformation of the polymer chain at the surface of thin films coated with high spin coating speed facilitate the electron density of the polymer backbone exposed outside the surface. Finally, thickness dependence of the surface electronic structure of P3HT thin films is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- X T Hao
- Faculty of Engineering, Chiba University, Chiba 2638522, Japan.
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31
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Liu XM, Lin T, Huang J, Hao XT, Ong KS, He C. Hyperbranched Blue to Red Light-Emitting Polymers with Tetraarylsilyl Cores: Synthesis, Optical and Electroluminescence Properties, and ab Initio Modeling Studies. Macromolecules 2005. [DOI: 10.1021/ma047686q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Ming Liu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, 3 Research Link, Singapore 117602
| | - Tingting Lin
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, 3 Research Link, Singapore 117602
| | - Junchao Huang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, 3 Research Link, Singapore 117602
| | - Xiao-Tao Hao
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, 3 Research Link, Singapore 117602
| | - Kian Soo Ong
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, 3 Research Link, Singapore 117602
| | - Chaobin He
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, 3 Research Link, Singapore 117602
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32
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Liu XM, He C, Hao XT, Tan LW, Li Y, Ong KS. Hyperbranched Blue-Light-Emitting Alternating Copolymers of Tetrabromoarylmethane/Silane and 9,9-Dihexylfluorene-2,7-diboronic Acid. Macromolecules 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/ma0494030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Ming Liu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 3 Research Link, Singapore 117602
| | - Chaobin He
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 3 Research Link, Singapore 117602
| | - Xiao-Tao Hao
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 3 Research Link, Singapore 117602
| | - Li-Wei Tan
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 3 Research Link, Singapore 117602
| | - Yanqing Li
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 3 Research Link, Singapore 117602
| | - K. S. Ong
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 3 Research Link, Singapore 117602
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