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Vardaki MZ, Gregoriou VG, Chochos CL. Biomedical applications, perspectives and tag design concepts in the cell - silent Raman window. RSC Chem Biol 2024; 5:273-292. [PMID: 38576725 PMCID: PMC10989507 DOI: 10.1039/d3cb00217a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Spectroscopic studies increasingly employ Raman tags exhibiting a signal in the cell - silent region of the Raman spectrum (1800-2800 cm-1), where bands arising from biological molecules are inherently absent. Raman tags bearing functional groups which contain a triple bond, such as alkyne and nitrile or a carbon-deuterium bond, have a distinct vibrational frequency in this region. Due to the lack of spectral background and cell-associated bands in the specific area, the implementation of those tags can help overcome the inherently poor signal-to-noise ratio and presence of overlapping Raman bands in measurements of biological samples. The cell - silent Raman tags allow for bioorthogonal imaging of biomolecules with improved chemical contrast and they have found application in analyte detection and monitoring, biomarker profiling and live cell imaging. This review focuses on the potential of the cell - silent Raman region, reporting on the tags employed for biomedical applications using variants of Raman spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Z Vardaki
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue Athens 11635 Greece
| | - Vasilis G Gregoriou
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue Athens 11635 Greece
- Advent Technologies SA, Stadiou Street, Platani Rio Patras 26504 Greece
| | - Christos L Chochos
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue Athens 11635 Greece
- Advent Technologies SA, Stadiou Street, Platani Rio Patras 26504 Greece
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2
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Gedeon C, Del Rio N, Furlan F, Taddeucci A, Vanthuyne N, Gregoriou VG, Fuchter MJ, Siligardi G, Gasparini N, Crassous J, Chochos CL. Rational Design of New Conjugated Polymers with Main Chain Chirality for Efficient Optoelectronic Devices: Carbo[6]Helicene and Indacenodithiophene Copolymers as Model Compounds. Adv Mater 2024:e2314337. [PMID: 38406997 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202314337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
The unique properties of conjugated polymers (CPs) in various optoelectronic applications are mainly attributed to their different self-assembly processes and superstructures. Various methods are utilized to tune and control CP structure and properties with less attention paid to the use of chirality. CPs with main chain chirality are rare and their microscopic and macroscopic properties are still unknown. In this work, the first experimental results are provided along these lines by synthesizing a series of racemic and enantiopure CPs containing statistical and alternating carbo[6]helicene and indacenodithiophene moieties and evaluating their microscopic (optical, energy levels) and macroscopic properties (hole mobilities, photovoltaic performance). It is demonstrated that a small statistical insertion of either the racemic or enantiopure helicene into the polymer backbone finely tunes the microscopic and macroscopic properties as a function of the statistical content. The microscopic properties of the enantiopure versus the racemic polymers with the same helicene loading remain similar. On the contrary, the macroscopic properties, and more interestingly those between the two enantiomeric forms, are altered as a function of the statistical content. Once incorporated into a solar cell device, these chiral CPs display better performance in their enantiopure versus racemic forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clement Gedeon
- Advent Technologies SA., Stadiou Str, Patras, Platani, 26504, Greece
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR - UMR 6226, Rennes, 35000, France
| | | | - Francesco Furlan
- Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Department of Chemistry, White City Campus, Imperial College London, 82 Wood Lane, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Andrea Taddeucci
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0GD, UK
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, University of Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13, Pisa, 56124, Italy
| | - Nicolas Vanthuyne
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille, 13007, France
| | - Vasilis G Gregoriou
- Advent Technologies SA., Stadiou Str, Patras, Platani, 26504, Greece
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, 11635, Greece
| | - Matthew J Fuchter
- Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Department of Chemistry, White City Campus, Imperial College London, 82 Wood Lane, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Giuliano Siligardi
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0GD, UK
| | - Nicola Gasparini
- Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Department of Chemistry, White City Campus, Imperial College London, 82 Wood Lane, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | | | - Christos L Chochos
- Advent Technologies SA., Stadiou Str, Patras, Platani, 26504, Greece
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, 11635, Greece
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3
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Jacoutot P, Scaccabarozzi AD, Nodari D, Panidi J, Qiao Z, Schiza A, Nega AD, Dimitrakopoulou-Strauss A, Gregoriou VG, Heeney M, Chochos CL, Bakulin AA, Gasparini N. Enhanced sub-1 eV detection in organic photodetectors through tuning polymer energetics and microstructure. Sci Adv 2023; 9:eadh2694. [PMID: 37285428 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh2694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
One of the key challenges facing organic photodiodes (OPDs) is increasing the detection into the infrared region. Organic semiconductor polymers provide a platform for tuning the bandgap and optoelectronic response to go beyond the traditional 1000-nanometer benchmark. In this work, we present a near-infrared (NIR) polymer with absorption up to 1500 nanometers. The polymer-based OPD delivers a high specific detectivity D* of 1.03 × 1010 Jones (-2 volts) at 1200 nanometers and a dark current Jd of just 2.3 × 10-6 ampere per square centimeter at -2 volts. We demonstrate a strong improvement of all OPD metrics in the NIR region compared to previously reported NIR OPD due to the enhanced crystallinity and optimized energy alignment, which leads to reduced charge recombination. The high D* value in the 1100-to-1300-nanometer region is particularly promising for biosensing applications. We demonstrate the OPD as a pulse oximeter under NIR illumination, delivering heart rate and blood oxygen saturation readings in real time without signal amplification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polina Jacoutot
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Alberto D Scaccabarozzi
- Center for Nano Science and Technology@PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Raffaele Rubattino 81, Milano 20134, Italy
| | - Davide Nodari
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Julianna Panidi
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Zhuoran Qiao
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Andriana Schiza
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, Athens 11635, Greece
| | - Alkmini D Nega
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Nuclear Medicine, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Vasilis G Gregoriou
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, Athens 11635, Greece
- Advent Technologies SA, Stadiou Street, Platani, Rio, Patras 26504, Greece
| | - Martin Heeney
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, UK
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Christos L Chochos
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, Athens 11635, Greece
- Advent Technologies SA, Stadiou Street, Platani, Rio, Patras 26504, Greece
| | - Artem A Bakulin
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Nicola Gasparini
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, UK
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4
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Lazanas AC, Katsouras A, Spanos M, Manesi GM, Moutsios I, Vashurkin DV, Moschovas D, Gioti C, Karakassides MA, Gregoriou VG, Ivanov DA, Chochos CL, Avgeropoulos A. Synthesis and Characterization of Hybrid Materials Derived from Conjugated Copolymers and Reduced Graphene Oxide. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14235292. [PMID: 36501686 PMCID: PMC9737337 DOI: 10.3390/polym14235292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study the preparation of hybrid materials based on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and conjugated copolymers is reported. By tuning the number and arrangement of thiophenes in the main chain (indacenothiophene or indacenothienothiophene) and the nature of the polymer acceptor (difluoro benzothiadiazole or diketopyrrolopyrrole) semiconducting copolymers were synthesized through Stille aromatic coupling and characterized to determine their molecular characteristics. The graphene oxide was synthesized using the Staudenmaier method and was further modified to reduced graphene oxide prior to structural characterization. Various mixtures with different rGO quantities and conjugated copolymers were prepared to determine the optoelectronic, thermal and morphological properties. An increase in the maximum absorbance ranging from 3 to 6 nm for all hybrid materials irrespective of the rGO concentration, when compared to the pristine conjugated copolymers, was estimated through the UV-Vis spectroscopy indicating a differentiation on the optical properties. Through voltammetric experiments the oxidation and reduction potentials were determined and the calculated HOMO and LUMO levels revealed a decrease on the electrochemical energy gap for low rGO concentrations. The study indicates the potential of the hybrid materials consisting of graphene oxide and high band gap conjugated copolymers for applications related to organic solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Ch. Lazanas
- Department of Materials Science Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Athanasios Katsouras
- Department of Materials Science Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Michael Spanos
- Department of Materials Science Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
- National Hellenic Research Foundation (NHRF), 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Gkreti-Maria Manesi
- Department of Materials Science Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Ioannis Moutsios
- Department of Materials Science Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
- Institut de Sciences des Matériaux de Mulhouse—IS2M, CNRS UMR7361, 15 Jean Starcky, 68057 Mulhouse, France
| | - Dmitry V. Vashurkin
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 9MSU, GSP-1, 1-3 Leninskiye Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, 142432 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dimitrios Moschovas
- Department of Materials Science Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Christina Gioti
- Department of Materials Science Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | | | - Vasilis G. Gregoriou
- National Hellenic Research Foundation (NHRF), 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitri A. Ivanov
- Institut de Sciences des Matériaux de Mulhouse—IS2M, CNRS UMR7361, 15 Jean Starcky, 68057 Mulhouse, France
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 9MSU, GSP-1, 1-3 Leninskiye Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, 142432 Moscow, Russia
| | - Christos L. Chochos
- Department of Materials Science Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
- National Hellenic Research Foundation (NHRF), 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 11635 Athens, Greece
- Correspondence: (C.L.C.); (A.A.); Tel.: +30-26-5100-9001 (A.A.)
| | - Apostolos Avgeropoulos
- Department of Materials Science Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 9MSU, GSP-1, 1-3 Leninskiye Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: (C.L.C.); (A.A.); Tel.: +30-26-5100-9001 (A.A.)
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5
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Abstract
Owing to their unique porosity and large surface area, porous organic polymers (POPs) have shown their presence in numerous novel applications. The tunability and functionality of both the pores and backbone of the material enable its suitability in photovoltaic devices. The porosity induced host-guest configurations as well as periodic donor-acceptor structures benefit the charge separation and charge transfer in photophysical processes. The role of POPS in other critical device components, such as hole transporting layers and electrodes, has also been demonstrated. Herein, this review will primarily focus on the recent progress made in applying POPs for solar cell device performance enhancement, covering organic solar cells, perovskite solar cells, and dye-sensitized solar cells. Based on the efforts in recent years in unraveling POP's photophysical process and its relevance with device performances, an in-depth analysis will be provided to address the gradual shift of attention from an entirely POP-based active layer to other device functional components. Combining the insights from device physics, material synthesis, and microfabrication, we aim to unfold the fundamental limitations and challenges of POPs and shed light on future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Vasilis G Gregoriou
- Advent Technologies SA, Stadiou Street, Platani, Rio, Patras 26504, Greece. .,National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, Athens, 11635, Greece
| | - Nicola Gasparini
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Christos L Chochos
- Advent Technologies SA, Stadiou Street, Platani, Rio, Patras 26504, Greece. .,Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, Athens 11635, Greece
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6
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Jacoutot P, Scaccabarozzi AD, Zhang T, Qiao Z, Aniés F, Neophytou M, Bristow H, Kumar R, Moser M, Nega AD, Schiza A, Dimitrakopoulou-Strauss A, Gregoriou VG, Anthopoulos TD, Heeney M, McCulloch I, Bakulin AA, Chochos CL, Gasparini N. Infrared Organic Photodetectors Employing Ultralow Bandgap Polymer and Non-Fullerene Acceptors for Biometric Monitoring. Small 2022; 18:e2200580. [PMID: 35246948 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202200580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Recent efforts in the field of organic photodetectors (OPD) have been focused on extending broadband detection into the near-infrared (NIR) region. Here, two blends of an ultralow bandgap push-pull polymer TQ-T combined with state-of-the-art non-fullerene acceptors, IEICO-4F and Y6, are compared to obtain OPDs for sensing in the NIR beyond 1100 nm, which is the cut off for benchmark Si photodiodes. It is observed that the TQ-T:IEICO-4F device has a superior IR responsivity (0.03 AW-1 at 1200 nm and -2 V bias) and can detect infrared light up to 1800 nm, while the TQ-T:Y6 blend shows a lower responsivity of 0.01 AW-1 . Device physics analyses are tied with spectroscopic and morphological studies to link the superior performance of TQ-T:IEICO-4F OPD to its faster charge separation as well as more favorable donor-acceptor domains mixing. In the polymer blend with Y6, the formation of large agglomerates that exceed the exciton diffusion length, which leads to high charge recombination, is observed. An application of these devices as biometric sensors for real-time heart rate monitoring via photoplethysmography, utilizing infrared light, is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polina Jacoutot
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Alberto D Scaccabarozzi
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Thuwal, 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tianyi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Zhuoran Qiao
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Filip Aniés
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Marios Neophytou
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Helen Bristow
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Rhea Kumar
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Maximilian Moser
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Alkmini D Nega
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Nuclear Medicine, German Cancer Research Center, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andriana Schiza
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, Athens, 11635, Greece
| | | | - Vasilis G Gregoriou
- Advent Technologies SA, Stadiou Street, Platani, Rio, Patras, 26504, Greece
- National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, Athens, 11635, Greece
| | - Thomas D Anthopoulos
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Thuwal, 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Martin Heeney
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Iain McCulloch
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Thuwal, 23955, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Artem A Bakulin
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Christos L Chochos
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, Athens, 11635, Greece
- Advent Technologies SA, Stadiou Street, Platani, Rio, Patras, 26504, Greece
| | - Nicola Gasparini
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK
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7
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Giannakopoulou A, Chatzikonstantinou AV, Tsakni A, Chochos CL, Houhoula D, Stamatis H. A Bi-enzymatic Immobilized Nanobiocatalyst for the Biotransformation of Oleuropein to Hydroxytyrosol. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2487:279-296. [PMID: 35687242 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2269-8_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Multi-enzymatic assemblies offer the opportunity of bringing in proximity several enzymes that are enabled to work together for the catalysis of multi-step reactions. Especially, the development of robust nanobiocatalytic systems comprising of several enzymes has gained considerable attention over the last few years for the catalysis of complex reactions and the production of high added-value products. In the present chapter, we describe the methodology for the development of a bi-enzymatic nanobiocatalyst consisting of the enzymes β-glucosidase from Thermotoga maritima and lipase A from Candida antarctica (CalA) co-immobilized on chitosan-coated magnetic nanoparticles. This nanobiocatalyst can be efficiently applied for the biotransformation of oleuropein to hydroxytyrosol, a reaction of increased biotechnological interest. Several techniques, as well as methodologies that are required for the characterization of the structure and the activity of such systems are also comprehensively described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archontoula Giannakopoulou
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biological Applications and Technologies, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.
| | - Alexandra V Chatzikonstantinou
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biological Applications and Technologies, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Aliki Tsakni
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Food Sciences, University of West Attica, Athens, Greece
| | - Christos L Chochos
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitra Houhoula
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Food Sciences, University of West Attica, Athens, Greece
| | - Haralambos Stamatis
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biological Applications and Technologies, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.
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8
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Vasilopoulou M, Mohd Yusoff ARB, Daboczi M, Conforto J, Gavim AEX, da Silva WJ, Macedo AG, Soultati A, Pistolis G, Schneider FK, Dong Y, Jacoutot P, Rotas G, Jang J, Vougioukalakis GC, Chochos CL, Kim JS, Gasparini N. High efficiency blue organic light-emitting diodes with below-bandgap electroluminescence. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4868. [PMID: 34381038 PMCID: PMC8357948 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25135-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Blue organic light-emitting diodes require high triplet interlayer materials, which induce large energetic barriers at the interfaces resulting in high device voltages and reduced efficiencies. Here, we alleviate this issue by designing a low triplet energy hole transporting interlayer with high mobility, combined with an interface exciplex that confines excitons at the emissive layer/electron transporting material interface. As a result, blue thermally activated delay fluorescent organic light-emitting diodes with a below-bandgap turn-on voltage of 2.5 V and an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 41.2% were successfully fabricated. These devices also showed suppressed efficiency roll-off maintaining an EQE of 34.8% at 1000 cd m−2. Our approach paves the way for further progress through exploring alternative device engineering approaches instead of only focusing on the demanding synthesis of organic compounds with complex structures. Thermally activated delayed fluorescence organic light-emitting diodes (TADF-OLEDs) rely on high triplet energy interlayers to confine excitons, which results in reduced performance. Here, the authors report high-performance blue TADF-OLEDs with below bandgap electroluminescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vasilopoulou
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Centre for Scientific Research Demokritos, Terma Patriarchou Grigoriou, Agia Paraskevi, Greece.
| | - Abd Rashid Bin Mohd Yusoff
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea.
| | - Matyas Daboczi
- Department of Physics and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Julio Conforto
- Universidade Tecnologica Federal do Parana, GPGEI, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Anastasia Soultati
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Centre for Scientific Research Demokritos, Terma Patriarchou Grigoriou, Agia Paraskevi, Greece
| | - George Pistolis
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Centre for Scientific Research Demokritos, Terma Patriarchou Grigoriou, Agia Paraskevi, Greece
| | | | - Yifan Dong
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Polina Jacoutot
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Georgios Rotas
- Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Jin Jang
- Advanced Display Research Center, Department of Information Display, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemoon-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Christos L Chochos
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece.
| | - Ji-Seon Kim
- Department of Physics and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Nicola Gasparini
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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9
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Vassiliadi E, Mitsou E, Avramiotis S, Chochos CL, Pirolt F, Medebach M, Glatter O, Xenakis A, Zoumpanioti M. Structural Study of (Hydroxypropyl)Methyl Cellulose Microemulsion-Based Gels Used for Biocompatible Encapsulations. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2020; 10:nano10112204. [PMID: 33167302 PMCID: PMC7694351 DOI: 10.3390/nano10112204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
(Hydroxypropyl)methyl cellulose (HPMC) can be used to form gels integrating a w/o microemulsion. The formulation in which a microemulsion is mixed with a hydrated HPMC matrix has been successfully used as a carrier of biocompatible ingredients. However, little is known about the structure of these systems. To elucidate this, scanning electron microscopy was used to examine the morphology and the bulk of the microemulsion-based gels (MBGs) and small-angle X-ray scattering to clarify the structure and detect any residual reverse micelles after microemulsion incorporation in the gel. Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy was applied using spin probes to investigate the polar and non-polar areas of the gel. Furthermore, the enzyme-labelling technique was followed to investigate the location of an enzyme in the matrix. A structural model for HPMC matrix is proposed according to which, although a w/o microemulsion is essential to form the final gel, no microemulsion droplets can be detected after incorporation in the gel. Channels are formed by the organic solvent (oil), which are coated by surfactant molecules and a water layer in which the enzyme can be hosted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evdokia Vassiliadi
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48, Vassileos Constantinou Ave., 11635 Athens, Greece; (E.V.); (E.M.); (S.A.); (C.L.C.); (A.X.)
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Department of Biological Applications and Technologies, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Evgenia Mitsou
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48, Vassileos Constantinou Ave., 11635 Athens, Greece; (E.V.); (E.M.); (S.A.); (C.L.C.); (A.X.)
| | - Spyridon Avramiotis
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48, Vassileos Constantinou Ave., 11635 Athens, Greece; (E.V.); (E.M.); (S.A.); (C.L.C.); (A.X.)
| | - Christos L. Chochos
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48, Vassileos Constantinou Ave., 11635 Athens, Greece; (E.V.); (E.M.); (S.A.); (C.L.C.); (A.X.)
| | - Franz Pirolt
- Anton Paar GmbH, Anton Paar Straße 20, 8054 Graz, Austria; (F.P.); (M.M.)
| | - Martin Medebach
- Anton Paar GmbH, Anton Paar Straße 20, 8054 Graz, Austria; (F.P.); (M.M.)
| | - Otto Glatter
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria;
| | - Aristotelis Xenakis
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48, Vassileos Constantinou Ave., 11635 Athens, Greece; (E.V.); (E.M.); (S.A.); (C.L.C.); (A.X.)
| | - Maria Zoumpanioti
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48, Vassileos Constantinou Ave., 11635 Athens, Greece; (E.V.); (E.M.); (S.A.); (C.L.C.); (A.X.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-210-727-3796
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10
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Singh R, Chochos CL, Gregoriou VG, Nega AD, Kim M, Kumar M, Shin SC, Kim SH, Shim JW, Lee JJ. Highly Efficient Indoor Organic Solar Cells by Voltage Loss Minimization through Fine-Tuning of Polymer Structures. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:36905-36916. [PMID: 31523951 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b12018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report a detailed study on the optoelectronic properties, photovoltaic performance, structural conformation, morphology variation, charge carrier mobility, and recombination dynamics in bulk heterojunction solar cells comprising a series of donor-acceptor conjugated polymers as electron donors based on benzodithiophene (BDT) and 5,8-bis(5-bromothiophen-2-yl)-6,7-difluoro-2,3-bis(3-(octyloxy)phenyl)quinoxaline as a function of the BDT's thienyl substitution (alkyl (WF3), alkylthio (WF3S), and fluoro (WF3F)). The synergistic positive effects of the fluorine substituents on the minimization of the bimolecular recombination losses, the reduction of the series resistances (RS), the increment of the shunt resistances (RSh), the suppression of the trap-assisted recombination losses, the balanced charge transport, the finer nanoscale morphology, and the deeper highest occupied molecular orbital (EHOMO) are manifested versus the alkyl and alkylthio substituents. According to these findings, the WF3F:[6,6]-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM)-based organic photovoltaic device is a rare example that features a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 17.34% under 500 lx indoor light-emitting diode light source with a high open-circuit voltage (VOC) of 0.69 V, due to the suppression of the voltage losses, and a PCE of 9.44% at 1 sun (100 mW/cm2) conditions, simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christos L Chochos
- Advent Technologies SA , Stadiou Street , Platani, Rio, Patras 26504 , Greece
- Institute of Chemical Biology , National Hellenic Research Foundation , 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue , Athens 11635 , Greece
| | - Vasilis G Gregoriou
- National Hellenic Research Foundation , 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue , Athens 11635 , Greece
| | - Alkmini D Nega
- National Hellenic Research Foundation , 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue , Athens 11635 , Greece
| | - Min Kim
- Center for Nano Science and Technology@Polimi , Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , via Giovanni Pascoli 70/3 , Milan 20133 , Italy
| | - Manish Kumar
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory , Pohang University of Science and Technology , Pohang 37673 , Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Jae Won Shim
- School of Electrical Engineering , Korea University , Seoul 02841 , Republic of Korea
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11
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Chochos CL, Spanos M, Katsouras A, Tatsi E, Drakopoulou S, Gregoriou VG, Avgeropoulos A. Current status, challenges and future outlook of high performance polymer semiconductors for organic photovoltaics modules. Prog Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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12
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Tatsi E, Spanos M, Katsouras A, Squeo BM, Ibraikulov OA, Zimmermann N, Heiser T, Lévêque P, Gregoriou VG, Avgeropoulos A, Leclerc N, Chochos CL. Effect of Aryl Substituents and Fluorine Addition on the Optoelectronic Properties and Organic Solar Cell Performance of a High Efficiency Indacenodithienothiophene-alt
-Quinoxaline π-Conjugated Polymer. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201800418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elisavet Tatsi
- Department of Materials Science Engineering; University of Ioannina; Ioannina 45110 Greece
| | - Michael Spanos
- Department of Materials Science Engineering; University of Ioannina; Ioannina 45110 Greece
- National Hellenic Research Foundation; 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue Athens 11635 Greece
| | - Athanasios Katsouras
- Department of Materials Science Engineering; University of Ioannina; Ioannina 45110 Greece
| | - Benedetta M. Squeo
- Advent Technologies SA; Patras Science Park, Stadiou Street, Platani-Rio Patra 26504 Greece
| | - Olzhas A. Ibraikulov
- Laboratoire ICube; CNRS, Université de Strasbourg; UMR7357, 23 rue du Loess 67037 Strasbourg France
| | - Nicolas Zimmermann
- Laboratoire ICube; CNRS, Université de Strasbourg; UMR7357, 23 rue du Loess 67037 Strasbourg France
| | - Thomas Heiser
- Laboratoire ICube; CNRS, Université de Strasbourg; UMR7357, 23 rue du Loess 67037 Strasbourg France
| | - Patrick Lévêque
- Laboratoire ICube; CNRS, Université de Strasbourg; UMR7357, 23 rue du Loess 67037 Strasbourg France
| | - Vasilis G. Gregoriou
- National Hellenic Research Foundation; 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue Athens 11635 Greece
- Advent Technologies SA; Patras Science Park, Stadiou Street, Platani-Rio Patra 26504 Greece
| | - Apostolos Avgeropoulos
- Department of Materials Science Engineering; University of Ioannina; Ioannina 45110 Greece
| | - Nicolas Leclerc
- Institut de Chimie et Procédés pour l’Energie; l’Environnement et la Santé; Université de Strasbourg; Ecole Européenne de Chimie; Polymères et Matériaux; 25 rue Becquerel 67087 Strasbourg France
| | - Christos L. Chochos
- Department of Materials Science Engineering; University of Ioannina; Ioannina 45110 Greece
- Advent Technologies SA; Patras Science Park, Stadiou Street, Platani-Rio Patra 26504 Greece
- National Hellenic Research Foundation; Institute of Biology; Medicinal Chemistry & Biotechnology; 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue Athens 11635 Greece
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13
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Chochos CL, Chávez P, Bulut I, Lévêque P, Spanos M, Tatsi E, Katsouras A, Avgeropoulos A, Gregoriou VG, Leclerc N. Experimental and theoretical investigations on the optical and electrochemical properties of π-conjugated donor-acceptor-donor (DAD) compounds toward a universal model. J Chem Phys 2018; 149:124902. [PMID: 30278667 DOI: 10.1063/1.5049670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of nine (9) donor-acceptor-donor (DAD) π-conjugated small molecules were synthesized via palladium catalyzed Stille aromatic cross-coupling reactions by the combination of six (6) heterocycle building blocks (thiophene, furan, thiazole, 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole, 2,1,3-pyridinothiadiazole, thienothiadiazole) acting as electron donating (thiazole, furan, thiophene) and electron deficient (benzothiadiazole, pyridinethiadiazole, thienothiadiazole) units. These model compounds enable determining the correspondence between the theoretical and experimental optical and electrochemical properties for the first time, via Density Functional Theory (DFT), time-dependent DFT, UV-Vis spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry, accordingly. The obtained theoretical models can be utilized for the design and synthesis of new DAD structures with precise optical bandgaps, absorption maxima, and energy levels suitable for different optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos L Chochos
- Department of Materials Science Engineering, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece
| | - Patricia Chávez
- Institut de Chimie et Procédés pour l'Energie, l'Environnement et la Santé, Université de Strasbourg, Ecole Européenne de Chimie, Polymères et Matériaux, 25 Rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg, France
| | - Ibrahim Bulut
- Institut de Chimie et Procédés pour l'Energie, l'Environnement et la Santé, Université de Strasbourg, Ecole Européenne de Chimie, Polymères et Matériaux, 25 Rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg, France
| | - Patrick Lévêque
- Laboratoire ICube, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, UMR7357, 23 Rue du Loess, 67037 Strasbourg, France
| | - Michael Spanos
- Department of Materials Science Engineering, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece
| | - Elisavet Tatsi
- Department of Materials Science Engineering, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece
| | - Athanasios Katsouras
- Department of Materials Science Engineering, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece
| | - Apostolos Avgeropoulos
- Department of Materials Science Engineering, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece
| | - Vasilis G Gregoriou
- National Hellenic Research Foundation (NHRF), 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, Athens 11635, Greece
| | - Nicolas Leclerc
- Institut de Chimie et Procédés pour l'Energie, l'Environnement et la Santé, Université de Strasbourg, Ecole Européenne de Chimie, Polymères et Matériaux, 25 Rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg, France
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14
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Galli D, Gasparini N, Forster M, Eckert A, Widling C, Killian MS, Avgeropoulos A, Gregoriou VG, Scherf U, Chochos CL, Brabec CJ, Ameri T. Suppressing the Surface Recombination and Tuning the Open-Circuit Voltage of Polymer/Fullerene Solar Cells by Implementing an Aggregative Ternary Compound. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2018; 10:28803-28811. [PMID: 30074766 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b09174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we present a novel small molecule based on dithienylthienothiadiazole units (named SM1) acting as an efficient component in ternary blend organic solar cells to modify the hole extraction at the interface. Our findings show that the SM1 suppresses the surface recombination and enhances the open-circuit voltage ( Voc). By introducing SM1 in a host system composed of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and [6,6]-phenyl- C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM), we obtained Voc values of up to 0.75 V and fill factors larger than 70% for the ternary blends. As a consequence, the power conversion efficiency is improved by about 30% compared to P3HT:PCBM binary devices. Interestingly, external quantum efficiency and absorption spectra in the near-infrared region do not show any contribution of SM1 in dried films. Instead, the addition of the small molecule improves the Voc by reducing the surface recombination losses. To shed light on the recombination processes, we carried out Fourier-transform photocurrent spectroscopy and impedance spectroscopy measurements. This work shows that the ternary concept can also have functionalities other than photosensitization and can even act as a morphology-directing agent or an interface modifier.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michael Forster
- Macromolecular Chemistry Group , Bergische Universität Wuppertal , Gaußstraße 20 , 42119 Wuppertal , Germany
| | - Anika Eckert
- Macromolecular Chemistry Group , Bergische Universität Wuppertal , Gaußstraße 20 , 42119 Wuppertal , Germany
| | - Christian Widling
- Macromolecular Chemistry Group , Bergische Universität Wuppertal , Gaußstraße 20 , 42119 Wuppertal , Germany
| | | | - Apostolos Avgeropoulos
- Department of Materials Science Engineering , University of Ioannina , Ioannina 45110 , Greece
| | - Vasilis G Gregoriou
- Advent Technologies SA , Patras Science Park, Stadiou Street, Platani-Rio , 26504 Patra , Greece
| | - Ullrich Scherf
- Macromolecular Chemistry Group , Bergische Universität Wuppertal , Gaußstraße 20 , 42119 Wuppertal , Germany
| | - Christos L Chochos
- Department of Materials Science Engineering , University of Ioannina , Ioannina 45110 , Greece
- Advent Technologies SA , Patras Science Park, Stadiou Street, Platani-Rio , 26504 Patra , Greece
| | - Christoph J Brabec
- Bavarian Center for Applied Energy Research (ZAE Bayern) , Haberstraße 2a , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
| | - Tayebeh Ameri
- Chair of Functional Nanosystems, Research area of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry , University of Munich (LMU) , Butenandtstr. 11 (Haus E) , 81377 Munich , Germany
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15
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Chávez P, Bulut I, Fall S, Ibraikulov OA, Chochos CL, Bartringer J, Heiser T, Lévêque P, Leclerc N. An Electron-Transporting Thiazole-Based Polymer Synthesized Through Direct (Hetero)Arylation Polymerization. Molecules 2018; 23:E1270. [PMID: 29799506 PMCID: PMC6100489 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23061270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, a new n-type polymer based on a thiazole-diketopyrrolopyrrole unit has been synthesized through direct (hetero)arylation polycondensation. The molar mass has been optimized by systematic variation of the the monomer concentration. Optical and electrochemical properties have been studied. They clearly suggested that this polymer possess a high electron affinity together with a very interesting absorption band, making it a good non-fullerene acceptor candidate. As a consequence, its charge transport and photovoltaic properties in a blend with the usual P3HT electron-donating polymer have been investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Chávez
- ICPEES UMR 7515, Université de Strasbourg-CNRS, 25 rue Becquerel, Strasbourg 67087, France.
| | - Ibrahim Bulut
- ICPEES UMR 7515, Université de Strasbourg-CNRS, 25 rue Becquerel, Strasbourg 67087, France.
| | - Sadiara Fall
- ICube UMR 7357, Université de Strasbourg-CNRS, 23 rue du Loess, Strasbourg 67037, France.
| | - Olzhas A Ibraikulov
- ICube UMR 7357, Université de Strasbourg-CNRS, 23 rue du Loess, Strasbourg 67037, France.
| | - Christos L Chochos
- Advent Technologies SA, Patras Science Park, Stadiou Street, Platani-Rio, Patra 26504, Greece.
| | - Jérémy Bartringer
- ICube UMR 7357, Université de Strasbourg-CNRS, 23 rue du Loess, Strasbourg 67037, France.
| | - Thomas Heiser
- ICube UMR 7357, Université de Strasbourg-CNRS, 23 rue du Loess, Strasbourg 67037, France.
| | - Patrick Lévêque
- ICube UMR 7357, Université de Strasbourg-CNRS, 23 rue du Loess, Strasbourg 67037, France.
| | - Nicolas Leclerc
- ICPEES UMR 7515, Université de Strasbourg-CNRS, 25 rue Becquerel, Strasbourg 67087, France.
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16
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Zimmermann D, Sprau C, Schröder J, Gregoriou VG, Avgeropoulos A, Chochos CL, Colsmann A, Janietz S, Krüger H. Synthesis of D-π
-A-π
type benzodithiophene-quinoxaline copolymers by direct arylation and their application in organic solar cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.29027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Zimmermann
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research, Department Polymers & Electronics, Geiselbergstrasse 69; Potsdam 14476 Germany
| | - Christian Sprau
- Light Technology Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse 13; Karlsruhe 76131 Germany
- Material Research Center for Energy Systems, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Strasse am Forum 7; Karlsruhe 76131 Germany
| | - Jonas Schröder
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research, Department Polymers & Electronics, Geiselbergstrasse 69; Potsdam 14476 Germany
| | | | - Apostolos Avgeropoulos
- Department of Materials Science Engineering; University of Ioannina; Ioannina 45110 Greece
| | - Christos L. Chochos
- Advent Technologies S.A., Stadiou Str; Platani Achaias Patras 26504 Greece
- Department of Materials Science Engineering; University of Ioannina; Ioannina 45110 Greece
| | - Alexander Colsmann
- Light Technology Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse 13; Karlsruhe 76131 Germany
- Material Research Center for Energy Systems, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Strasse am Forum 7; Karlsruhe 76131 Germany
| | - Silvia Janietz
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research, Department Polymers & Electronics, Geiselbergstrasse 69; Potsdam 14476 Germany
| | - Hartmut Krüger
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research, Department Polymers & Electronics, Geiselbergstrasse 69; Potsdam 14476 Germany
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17
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Benavides CM, Murto P, Chochos CL, Gregoriou VG, Avgeropoulos A, Xu X, Bini K, Sharma A, Andersson MR, Schmidt O, Brabec CJ, Wang E, Tedde SF. High-Performance Organic Photodetectors from a High-Bandgap Indacenodithiophene-Based π-Conjugated Donor-Acceptor Polymer. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2018; 10:12937-12946. [PMID: 29589432 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b03824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A conjugated donor-acceptor polymer, poly[4,4,9,9-tetrakis(4-hexylphenyl)-4,9-dihydro- s-indaceno[1,2- b:5,6- b']dithiophene-2,7-diyl- alt-5-(2-ethylhexyl)-4 H-thieno[3,4- c]pyrrole-4,6(5 H)-dione-1,3-diyl] (PIDT-TPD), is blended with the fullerene derivative [6,6]phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PC61BM) for the fabrication of thin and solution-processed organic photodetectors (OPDs). Systematic screening of the concentration ratio of the blend and the molecular weight of the polymer is performed to optimize the active layer morphology and the OPD performance. The device comprising a medium molecular weight polymer (27.0 kg/mol) in a PIDT-TPD:PC61BM 1:1 ratio exhibits an external quantum efficiency of 52% at 610 nm, a dark current density of 1 nA/cm2, a detectivity of 1.44 × 1013 Jones, and a maximum 3 dB cutoff frequency of 100 kHz at -5 V bias. These results are remarkable among the state-of-the-art red photodetectors based on conjugated polymers. As such, this work presents a functional organic active material for high-speed OPDs with a linear photoresponse at different light intensities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Montenegro Benavides
- Siemens Healthcare GmbH , Günther-Scharowsky-Street 1 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
- Department für Material Science, i-MEET , Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Martensstr. 7 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
| | - Petri Murto
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Applied Chemistry , Chalmers University of Technology , SE-412 96 Gothenburg , Sweden
- Flinders Centre for Nanoscale Science and Technology , Flinders University , Sturt Road , Bedford Park, Adelaide , South Australia 5042 , Australia
| | - Christos L Chochos
- Advent Technologies SA , Patras Science Park, Stadiou Street , Platani-Rio, 26504 Patra , Greece
- Department of Materials Science Engineering , University of Ioannina , Ioannina 45110 , Greece
| | - Vasilis G Gregoriou
- Advent Technologies SA , Patras Science Park, Stadiou Street , Platani-Rio, 26504 Patra , Greece
| | - Apostolos Avgeropoulos
- Department of Materials Science Engineering , University of Ioannina , Ioannina 45110 , Greece
| | - Xiaofeng Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Applied Chemistry , Chalmers University of Technology , SE-412 96 Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Kim Bini
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Applied Chemistry , Chalmers University of Technology , SE-412 96 Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Anirudh Sharma
- Flinders Centre for Nanoscale Science and Technology , Flinders University , Sturt Road , Bedford Park, Adelaide , South Australia 5042 , Australia
| | - Mats R Andersson
- Flinders Centre for Nanoscale Science and Technology , Flinders University , Sturt Road , Bedford Park, Adelaide , South Australia 5042 , Australia
| | - Oliver Schmidt
- Siemens Healthcare GmbH , Günther-Scharowsky-Street 1 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
| | - Christoph J Brabec
- Department für Material Science, i-MEET , Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Martensstr. 7 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
| | - Ergang Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Applied Chemistry , Chalmers University of Technology , SE-412 96 Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Sandro F Tedde
- Siemens Healthcare GmbH , Günther-Scharowsky-Street 1 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
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18
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Chochos CL, Singh R, Gregoriou VG, Kim M, Katsouras A, Serpetzoglou E, Konidakis I, Stratakis E, Cho K, Avgeropoulos A. Enhancement of the Power-Conversion Efficiency of Organic Solar Cells via Unveiling an Appropriate Rational Design Strategy in Indacenodithiophene- alt-quinoxaline π-Conjugated Polymers. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2018; 10:10236-10245. [PMID: 29508996 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b18381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We report on the photovoltaic parameters, photophysical properties, optoelectronic properties, self-assembly, and morphology variations in a series of high-performance donor-acceptor (D-A) π-conjugated polymers based on indacenodithiophene and quinoxaline moieties as a function of the number-average molecular weight ([Formula: see text]), the nature of aryl substituents, and the enlargement of the polymer backbone. One of the most important outcome is that from the three optimization approaches followed to tune the chemical structure toward enhanced photovoltaic performance in bulk heterojunction solar cell devices with the fullerene derivative [6,6]-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester as the electron acceptor, the choice of the aryl substituent is the most efficient rational design strategy. Incorporation of thienyl rings as substituents versus phenyl rings accelerates the electron-hole extraction process to the respective electrode, despite the slightly lower recombination lifetime and, thus, improves the electrical performance of the device. Single-junction solar cells based on ThIDT-TQxT feature a maximum power-conversion efficiency of 7.26%. This study provides significant insights toward understanding of the structure-properties-performance relationship for D-A π-conjugated polymers in solid state, which provide helpful inputs for the design of next-generation polymeric semiconductors for organic solar cells with enhanced performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos L Chochos
- Department of Materials Science Engineering , University of Ioannina , Ioannina 45110 , Greece
- Advent Technologies SA , Patras Science Park, Stadiou Street , Platani-Rio, 26504 Patras , Greece
| | - Ranbir Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Pohang University of Science and Technology , Pohang 790-784 , Korea
| | - Vasilis G Gregoriou
- Advent Technologies SA , Patras Science Park, Stadiou Street , Platani-Rio, 26504 Patras , Greece
- National Hellenic Research Foundation (NHRF) , 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue , Athens 11635 , Greece
| | - Min Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Pohang University of Science and Technology , Pohang 790-784 , Korea
| | - Athanasios Katsouras
- Department of Materials Science Engineering , University of Ioannina , Ioannina 45110 , Greece
| | - Efthymis Serpetzoglou
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas , P.O. Box 1527, Heraklion 71110 , Crete , Greece
| | - Ioannis Konidakis
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas , P.O. Box 1527, Heraklion 71110 , Crete , Greece
| | - Emmanuel Stratakis
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas , P.O. Box 1527, Heraklion 71110 , Crete , Greece
| | - Kilwon Cho
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Pohang University of Science and Technology , Pohang 790-784 , Korea
| | - Apostolos Avgeropoulos
- Department of Materials Science Engineering , University of Ioannina , Ioannina 45110 , Greece
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19
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Bildirir H, Di Carlo Rasi D, Wienk MM, Janssen RAJ, Avgeropoulos A, Gregoriou VG, Allard S, Scherf U, Chochos CL. New n-Type Solution Processable All Conjugated Polymer Network: Synthesis, Optoelectronic Characterization, and Application in Organic Solar Cells. Macromol Rapid Commun 2017; 39. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201700629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hakan Bildirir
- Advent Technologies SA; Patras Science Park; Stadiou Street Platani-Rio 26504 Patra Greece
| | - Dario Di Carlo Rasi
- Molecular Materials and Nanosystems; Institute for Complex Molecular Systems; Eindhoven University of Technology; P. O. Box 513 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Martijn M. Wienk
- Molecular Materials and Nanosystems; Institute for Complex Molecular Systems; Eindhoven University of Technology; P. O. Box 513 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
- Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research; De Zaale; 20 5612 AJ Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - René A. J. Janssen
- Molecular Materials and Nanosystems; Institute for Complex Molecular Systems; Eindhoven University of Technology; P. O. Box 513 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
- Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research; De Zaale; 20 5612 AJ Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Apostolos Avgeropoulos
- Department of Materials Science Engineering; University of Ioannina; Ioannina 45110 Greece
| | - Vasilis G. Gregoriou
- Advent Technologies SA; Patras Science Park; Stadiou Street Platani-Rio 26504 Patra Greece
- National Hellenic Research Foundation (NHRF); 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue Athens 11635 Greece
| | - Sybille Allard
- Macromolecular Chemistry Group (buwmakro) and Institute for Polymer Technology; Bergische Universität Wuppertal; Gaußstraße 20 D-42119 Wuppertal Germany
| | - Ullrich Scherf
- Macromolecular Chemistry Group (buwmakro) and Institute for Polymer Technology; Bergische Universität Wuppertal; Gaußstraße 20 D-42119 Wuppertal Germany
| | - Christos L. Chochos
- Advent Technologies SA; Patras Science Park; Stadiou Street Platani-Rio 26504 Patra Greece
- Department of Materials Science Engineering; University of Ioannina; Ioannina 45110 Greece
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20
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Chochos CL, Katsouras A, Drakopoulou S, Miskaki C, Krassas M, Tzourmpakis P, Kakavelakis G, Sprau C, Colsmann A, Squeo BM, Gregoriou VG, Kymakis E, Avgeropoulos A. Effects of alkyl side chains positioning and presence of fused aromatic units in the backbone of low-bandgap diketopyrrolopyrrole copolymers on the optoelectronic properties of organic solar cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.28901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christos L. Chochos
- Department of Materials Science Engineering; University of Ioannina; 45110 Greece
- Advent Technologies SA, Patras Science Park, Stadiou Street; Platani-Rio Patra Greece
| | - Athanasios Katsouras
- Department of Materials Science Engineering; University of Ioannina; 45110 Greece
| | - Sofia Drakopoulou
- Department of Materials Science Engineering; University of Ioannina; 45110 Greece
| | - Christina Miskaki
- Department of Materials Science Engineering; University of Ioannina; 45110 Greece
| | - Miron Krassas
- Center of Materials Technology and Photonics and Electrical Engineering Department, School of Applied Technology; Technological Educational Institute (TEI) of Crete; Heraklion 71004 Greece
| | - Pavlos Tzourmpakis
- Center of Materials Technology and Photonics and Electrical Engineering Department, School of Applied Technology; Technological Educational Institute (TEI) of Crete; Heraklion 71004 Greece
| | - George Kakavelakis
- Center of Materials Technology and Photonics and Electrical Engineering Department, School of Applied Technology; Technological Educational Institute (TEI) of Crete; Heraklion 71004 Greece
| | - Christian Sprau
- Light Technology Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse 13; Karlsruhe 76131 Germany
| | - Alexander Colsmann
- Light Technology Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse 13; Karlsruhe 76131 Germany
| | - Benedetta M. Squeo
- Advent Technologies SA, Patras Science Park, Stadiou Street; Platani-Rio Patra Greece
| | - Vasilis G. Gregoriou
- Advent Technologies SA, Patras Science Park, Stadiou Street; Platani-Rio Patra Greece
- National Hellenic Research Foundation (NHRF), 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue; Athens 11635 Greece
| | - Emmanuel Kymakis
- Center of Materials Technology and Photonics and Electrical Engineering Department, School of Applied Technology; Technological Educational Institute (TEI) of Crete; Heraklion 71004 Greece
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Spanos M, Gregoriou VG, Avgeropoulos A, Chochos CL. Impact of the Catalytic System on the Formation of Structural Defects for the Synthesis of Well-Defined Donor-Acceptor Semiconducting Polymers. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201700283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Spanos
- Department of Materials Science Engineering; University of Ioannina; Ioannina 45110 Greece
| | - Vasilis G. Gregoriou
- National Hellenic Research Foundation; 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue Athens 11635 Greece
- Advent Technologies SA; Patras Science Park; Stadiou Street Platani-Rio 26504 Patra Greece
| | - Apostolos Avgeropoulos
- Department of Materials Science Engineering; University of Ioannina; Ioannina 45110 Greece
| | - Christos L. Chochos
- Department of Materials Science Engineering; University of Ioannina; Ioannina 45110 Greece
- Advent Technologies SA; Patras Science Park; Stadiou Street Platani-Rio 26504 Patra Greece
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Squeo BM, Gregoriou VG, Avgeropoulos A, Baysec S, Allard S, Scherf U, Chochos CL. BODIPY-based polymeric dyes as emerging horizon materials for biological sensing and organic electronic applications. Prog Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2017.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Gedefaw D, Sharma A, Pan X, Bjuggren JM, Kroon R, Gregoriou VG, Chochos CL, Andersson MR. Optimization of the power conversion efficiency in high bandgap pyridopyridinedithiophene-based conjugated polymers for organic photovoltaics by the random terpolymer approach. Eur Polym J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2017.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Chochos CL, Katsouras A, Gasparini N, Koulogiannis C, Ameri T, Brabec CJ, Avgeropoulos A. Rational Design of High-Performance Wide-Bandgap (≈2 eV) Polymer Semiconductors as Electron Donors in Organic Photovoltaics Exhibiting High Open Circuit Voltages (≈1 V). Macromol Rapid Commun 2016; 38. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201600614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christos L. Chochos
- Department of Materials Science Engineering; University of Ioannina; Ioannina 45110 Greece
| | - Athanasios Katsouras
- Department of Materials Science Engineering; University of Ioannina; Ioannina 45110 Greece
| | - Nicola Gasparini
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (I-MEET); Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg; Martensstraße 7 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | | | - Tayebeh Ameri
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (I-MEET); Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg; Martensstraße 7 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Christoph J. Brabec
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (I-MEET); Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg; Martensstraße 7 91058 Erlangen Germany
- Bavarian Center for Applied Energy Research (ZAE Bayern); Haberstrasse 2a 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Apostolos Avgeropoulos
- Department of Materials Science Engineering; University of Ioannina; Ioannina 45110 Greece
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Katsouras A, Gasparini N, Koulogiannis C, Spanos M, Ameri T, Brabec CJ, Chochos CL, Avgeropoulos A. Systematic Analysis of Polymer Molecular Weight Influence on the Organic Photovoltaic Performance. Macromol Rapid Commun 2015; 36:1778-97. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201500398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Revised: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios Katsouras
- Department of Materials Science Engineering; University of Ioannina; Ioannina 45110 Greece
| | - Nicola Gasparini
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (I-MEET); Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg; Martensstraße 7 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | | | - Michael Spanos
- Department of Materials Science Engineering; University of Ioannina; Ioannina 45110 Greece
| | - Tayebeh Ameri
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (I-MEET); Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg; Martensstraße 7 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Christoph J. Brabec
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (I-MEET); Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg; Martensstraße 7 91058 Erlangen Germany
- Bavarian Center for Applied Energy Research (ZAE Bayern); Haberstrasse 2a 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Christos L. Chochos
- Department of Materials Science Engineering; University of Ioannina; Ioannina 45110 Greece
| | - Apostolos Avgeropoulos
- Department of Materials Science Engineering; University of Ioannina; Ioannina 45110 Greece
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Singh R, Pagona G, Gregoriou VG, Tagmatarchis N, Toliopoulos D, Han Y, Fei Z, Katsouras A, Avgeropoulos A, Anthopoulos TD, Heeney M, Keivanidis PE, Chochos CL. The impact of thienothiophene isomeric structures on the optoelectronic properties and photovoltaic performance in quinoxaline based donor–acceptor copolymers. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py00075k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The importance of the monomer's isomeric structure in the design of new D–A copolymers for various applications.
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Pattanasattayavong P, Sygletou M, Kymakis E, Stratakis E, Yan F, Gregoriou VG, Anthopoulos TD, Chochos CL. The role of the ethynylene bond on the optical and electronic properties of diketopyrrolopyrrole copolymers. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra11487f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Adjusting the optoelectronic properties of conjugated copolymers by the introduction of ethynylene linkage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Sygletou
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (IESL)
- Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH)
- Heraklion, 71110 Crete, Greece
| | - Emmanuel Kymakis
- Centre of Materials Technology & Photonics and Electrical Engineering Department
- Technological Educational Institute (TEI) of Crete
- Heraklion, 71004 Crete, Greece
| | - Emmanuel Stratakis
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (IESL)
- Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH)
- Heraklion, 71110 Crete, Greece
| | - Feng Yan
- Department of Applied Physics and Materials Research Centre
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
- Hong Kong, China
| | - Vasilis G. Gregoriou
- National Hellenic Research Foundation
- Athens 11635, Greece
- Advent Technologies SA
- Patras Science Park
- Platani-Rio, Greece
| | - Thomas D. Anthopoulos
- Department of Physics and Centre for Plastic Electronics
- Imperial College London
- London SW7 2AZ, UK
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Chochos CL, Avgeropoulos A, Lidorikis E. Theoretical study of phenyl-substituted indacenodithiophene copolymers for high performance organic photovoltaics. J Chem Phys 2013; 138:064901. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4775813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Chochos CL, Tagmatarchis N, Gregoriou VG. Rational design on n-type organic materials for high performance organic photovoltaics. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra22926b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Biniek L, Chochos CL, Leclerc N, Boyron O, Fall S, Lévèque P, Heiser T. 3,6-Dialkylthieno[3,2-b]thiophene moiety as a soluble and electron donating unit preserving the coplanarity of photovoltaic low band gap copolymers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.25961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Neophytou M, Ioannidou HA, Ioannou TA, Chochos CL, Economopoulos SP, Koutentis PA, Itskos G, Choulis SA. 2-(2,3,4,5,6-Pentafluorophenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole, a fluorine-rich building block for the preparation of conjugated polymer donors for organic solar cell applications. Polym Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2py20198d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Chochos CL, Choulis SA. How the structural deviations on the backbone of conjugated polymers influence their optoelectronic properties and photovoltaic performance. Prog Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2011.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 296] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Biniek L, Fall S, Chochos CL, Anokhin DV, Ivanov DA, Leclerc N, Lévêque P, Heiser T. Impact of the Alkyl Side Chains on the Optoelectronic Properties of a Series of Photovoltaic Low-Band-Gap Copolymers. Macromolecules 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/ma102164c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laure Biniek
- Laboratoire d’Ingénierie des Polymères pour les Hautes Technologies, Université de Strasbourg, Ecole Européenne de Chimie, Polymères et Matériaux, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg, France
| | - Sadiara Fall
- Institut d’Electronique du Solide et des Systèmes, Laboratoire Commun UDS-CNRS, UMR 7163, 23 rue du Loess, 67037 Strasbourg, France
| | - Christos L. Chochos
- Laboratoire d’Ingénierie des Polymères pour les Hautes Technologies, Université de Strasbourg, Ecole Européenne de Chimie, Polymères et Matériaux, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg, France
| | - Denis V. Anokhin
- Institut de Sciences des Matériaux de Mulhouse (CNRS LRC 7228), 15 rue Jean Starcky, B.P. 2488, 68057 Mulhouse Cedex, France
| | - Dimitri A. Ivanov
- Institut de Sciences des Matériaux de Mulhouse (CNRS LRC 7228), 15 rue Jean Starcky, B.P. 2488, 68057 Mulhouse Cedex, France
| | - Nicolas Leclerc
- Laboratoire d’Ingénierie des Polymères pour les Hautes Technologies, Université de Strasbourg, Ecole Européenne de Chimie, Polymères et Matériaux, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg, France
| | - Patrick Lévêque
- Institut d’Electronique du Solide et des Systèmes, Laboratoire Commun UDS-CNRS, UMR 7163, 23 rue du Loess, 67037 Strasbourg, France
| | - Thomas Heiser
- Institut d’Electronique du Solide et des Systèmes, Laboratoire Commun UDS-CNRS, UMR 7163, 23 rue du Loess, 67037 Strasbourg, France
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Biniek L, Chochos CL, Hadziioannou G, Leclerc N, Lévêque P, Heiser T. Electronic Properties and Photovoltaic Performances of a Series of Oligothiophene Copolymers Incorporating Both Thieno[3,2-b
]thiophene and 2,1,3-Benzothiadiazole Moieties. Macromol Rapid Commun 2010; 31:651-6. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.200900804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2009] [Revised: 12/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Pefkianakis EK, Tzanetos NP, Chochos CL, Andreopoulou AK, Kallitsis JK. End‐functionalization of semiconducting species with dendronized terpyridine–Ru(II)–terpyridine complexes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.23289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Christos L. Chochos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, GR‐26504 Rio‐Patras, Greece
- Foundation of Research and Technology Hellas, Institute of Chemical Engineering and High Temperature Processes, P.O. Box 1414, GR‐26504 Rio‐Patras, Greece
| | | | - Joannis K. Kallitsis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, GR‐26504 Rio‐Patras, Greece
- Foundation of Research and Technology Hellas, Institute of Chemical Engineering and High Temperature Processes, P.O. Box 1414, GR‐26504 Rio‐Patras, Greece
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Biniek L, Chochos CL, Leclerc N, Hadziioannou G, Kallitsis JK, Bechara R, Lévêque P, Heiser T. A [3,2-b]thienothiophene-alt-benzothiadiazole copolymer for photovoltaic applications: design, synthesis, material characterization and device performances. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1039/b819177h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Stefopoulos AA, Chochos CL, Bokias G, Kallitsis JK. The role of intrachain and interchain interactions of regioregular poly(3-octylthiophene) chains on the optical properties of a new amphiphilic conjugated random copolymer in solution. Langmuir 2008; 24:11103-11110. [PMID: 18729389 DOI: 10.1021/la801178m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of a random copolymer through free radical copolymerization of a properly vinyl monofunctionalized regioregular poly(3-octylthiophene) (rrP3OT) macromonomer and N,N'-dimethylacrylamide (DMAM) is presented. The optical properties of the copolymer in water and in several organic solvents of varying polarity, as well as in THF/water and THF/methanol mixtures, were explored using UV-vis and photoluminescence spectroscopy. It is demonstrated that the rrP3OT chains adopt a coil conformation in solvents such as tetrahydrofuran (THF) and chloroform with the appearance of the absorption and emission maxima at 439 and 565 nm, respectively. On the contrary, the rrP3OT chains are organized on a single chain packing form (intrachain interactions) in polar solvents such as ethanol and methanol, as it is verified with the observation of the characteristic three vibronic features of the absorption spectra of the copolymer with maxima at 513, 550, and 603 nm and emission maxima at 560 nm. However, when water is used as solvent, the rrP3OT chains self-assemble into a stacklike structure due to the increased interchain interactions, as confirmed by the different aggregation process of the rrP3OT chains in the THF/water mixture, the broader absorption spectrum in water compared to those recorded in ethanol and methanol, and the 80 nm red-shifted emission maximum, centered at 640 nm.
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Chochos CL, Stefopoulos AA, Campidelli S, Prato M, Gregoriou VG, Kallitsis JK. Immobilization of Oligoquinoline Chains on Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes and Their Optical Behavior. Macromolecules 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/ma702251m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christos L. Chochos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras 26500 Greece; Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, Institute of Chemical Engineering and High Temperature Processes (FORTH-ICEHT), P.O. Box 1414, Patras 26500, Greece; and INSTM, Unit of Trieste, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Trieste, Piazzale Europa 1, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Andreas A. Stefopoulos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras 26500 Greece; Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, Institute of Chemical Engineering and High Temperature Processes (FORTH-ICEHT), P.O. Box 1414, Patras 26500, Greece; and INSTM, Unit of Trieste, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Trieste, Piazzale Europa 1, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Stéphane Campidelli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras 26500 Greece; Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, Institute of Chemical Engineering and High Temperature Processes (FORTH-ICEHT), P.O. Box 1414, Patras 26500, Greece; and INSTM, Unit of Trieste, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Trieste, Piazzale Europa 1, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Maurizio Prato
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras 26500 Greece; Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, Institute of Chemical Engineering and High Temperature Processes (FORTH-ICEHT), P.O. Box 1414, Patras 26500, Greece; and INSTM, Unit of Trieste, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Trieste, Piazzale Europa 1, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Vasilis G. Gregoriou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras 26500 Greece; Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, Institute of Chemical Engineering and High Temperature Processes (FORTH-ICEHT), P.O. Box 1414, Patras 26500, Greece; and INSTM, Unit of Trieste, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Trieste, Piazzale Europa 1, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Joannis K. Kallitsis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras 26500 Greece; Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, Institute of Chemical Engineering and High Temperature Processes (FORTH-ICEHT), P.O. Box 1414, Patras 26500, Greece; and INSTM, Unit of Trieste, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Trieste, Piazzale Europa 1, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
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Chochos CL, Tzanetos NP, Economopoulos SP, Gregoriou VG, Kallitsis JK. Synthesis and Characterization of Random Copolymers Combining Terfluorene Segments and Hole or Electron Transporting Moieties. Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part A 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/10601320701424172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Economopoulos SP, Chochos CL, Gregoriou VG, Kallitsis JK, Barrau S, Hadziioannou G. Novel Brush-Type Copolymers Bearing Thiophene Backbone and Side Chain Quinoline Blocks. Synthesis and Their Use as a Compatibilizer in Thiophene−Quinoline Polymer Blends. Macromolecules 2007. [DOI: 10.1021/ma062055c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Solon P. Economopoulos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras, 26500, Greece, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Institute of Chemical Engineering and High Temperature Processes (FORTH−ICE/HT), Patras 26500, Greece, and Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Polymères pour les Hautes Technologies, UMR 7165, Université Louis Pasteur, Ecole Européenne de Chimie, Polymères et Matériaux, 25, rue Becquerel, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Christos L. Chochos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras, 26500, Greece, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Institute of Chemical Engineering and High Temperature Processes (FORTH−ICE/HT), Patras 26500, Greece, and Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Polymères pour les Hautes Technologies, UMR 7165, Université Louis Pasteur, Ecole Européenne de Chimie, Polymères et Matériaux, 25, rue Becquerel, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Vasilis G. Gregoriou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras, 26500, Greece, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Institute of Chemical Engineering and High Temperature Processes (FORTH−ICE/HT), Patras 26500, Greece, and Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Polymères pour les Hautes Technologies, UMR 7165, Université Louis Pasteur, Ecole Européenne de Chimie, Polymères et Matériaux, 25, rue Becquerel, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Joannis K. Kallitsis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras, 26500, Greece, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Institute of Chemical Engineering and High Temperature Processes (FORTH−ICE/HT), Patras 26500, Greece, and Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Polymères pour les Hautes Technologies, UMR 7165, Université Louis Pasteur, Ecole Européenne de Chimie, Polymères et Matériaux, 25, rue Becquerel, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Sophie Barrau
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras, 26500, Greece, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Institute of Chemical Engineering and High Temperature Processes (FORTH−ICE/HT), Patras 26500, Greece, and Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Polymères pour les Hautes Technologies, UMR 7165, Université Louis Pasteur, Ecole Européenne de Chimie, Polymères et Matériaux, 25, rue Becquerel, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Georges Hadziioannou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras, 26500, Greece, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Institute of Chemical Engineering and High Temperature Processes (FORTH−ICE/HT), Patras 26500, Greece, and Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Polymères pour les Hautes Technologies, UMR 7165, Université Louis Pasteur, Ecole Européenne de Chimie, Polymères et Matériaux, 25, rue Becquerel, 67000 Strasbourg, France
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Chochos CL, Papakonstandopoulou D, Economopoulos SP, Gregoriou VG, Kallitsis JK. Synthesis and Optical Properties on a Series of Polyethers Incorporating Terfluorene Segments and Methylene Spacers. Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part A 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/10601320600574952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Chochos CL, Kallitsis JK, Keivanidis PE, Baluschev S, Gregoriou VG. Thermally Stable Blue Emitting Terfluorene Block Copolymers. J Phys Chem B 2006; 110:4657-62. [PMID: 16526698 DOI: 10.1021/jp055488a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Spectroscopic and morphological studies on a series of rod-coil block copolymers containing terfluorene segments as the rigid blocks and polystyrene as the flexible parts demonstrate an increase in the photoluminescence intensity and the exciton lifetime as well as formation of isolated spheres as thin films upon thermal annealing in air (200 degrees C for 30 min). Moreover, no appearance of the low energy emission band centered at 520 nm was found after the same thermal treatment which permits these copolymers to emit pure blue light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos L Chochos
- Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, Institute of Chemical Engineering and High-Temperature Processes (FORTH-ICEHT), P.O. Box 1414, Patras 26500, Greece
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Chochos CL, Kallitsis JK, Gregoriou VG. Rod−Coil Block Copolymers Incorporating Terfluorene Segments for Stable Blue Light Emission. J Phys Chem B 2005; 109:8755-60. [PMID: 16852038 DOI: 10.1021/jp044202j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Spectroscopic studies on a series of rod-coil block copolymers with terfluorene as the rigid segment demonstrate that the main cause of color instability in fluorene oligomers and polymers is aggregate and/or excimer formation and not the presence alone of keto defects (fluorenone formation) along the molecular chain. Keto defects, when present, contribute to the appearance of the undesirable "green" emission band but are not the leading cause of color instability. Thus, the synthesis of materials where aggregation and/or interchain, intersegment interactions are inhibited is the key approach for the production of stable polymeric light-emitting devices (PLED's). The potential of this method is verified by the synthesis of photooxidative stable fluorene/styrene diblock copolymer blue emitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos L Chochos
- Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, Institute of Chemical Engineering and High-Temperature Processes (FORTH-ICEHT), P.O. Box 1414, Patras 26500, Greece
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Chochos CL, Tsolakis PK, Gregoriou VG, Kallitsis JK. Influence of the Coil Block on the Properties of Rod−Coil Diblock Copolymers with Oligofluorene as the Rigid Segment. Macromolecules 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/ma035527l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christos L. Chochos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, 26500 Patras Greece, and Institute of Chemical Engineering and High-Temperature Processes, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (ICEHT-FORTH), P.O. Box 1414, Patras 26500, Greece
| | - Panagiotis K. Tsolakis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, 26500 Patras Greece, and Institute of Chemical Engineering and High-Temperature Processes, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (ICEHT-FORTH), P.O. Box 1414, Patras 26500, Greece
| | - Vasilis G. Gregoriou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, 26500 Patras Greece, and Institute of Chemical Engineering and High-Temperature Processes, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (ICEHT-FORTH), P.O. Box 1414, Patras 26500, Greece
| | - Joannis K. Kallitsis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, 26500 Patras Greece, and Institute of Chemical Engineering and High-Temperature Processes, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (ICEHT-FORTH), P.O. Box 1414, Patras 26500, Greece
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Chochos CL, Kandilioti G, Deimede VA, Gregoriou VG. CORRELATION OF THE MOLECULAR ORIENTATION AND PHOTONIC PROPERTIES OF RIGID-FLEXIBLE AROMATIC POLYETHERS USING FT-IR LINEAR DICHROISM AND PHOTOLUMINESCENCE SPECTROSCOPIC TECHNIQUES. Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part A 2002. [DOI: 10.1081/ma-120015733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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