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The Effects of Catabolism Relationships of Leucine and Isoleucine with BAT2 Gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae on High Alcohols and Esters. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13071178. [PMID: 35885961 PMCID: PMC9321263 DOI: 10.3390/genes13071178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This study sought to provide a theoretical basis for effectively controlling the content of higher alcohols and esters in fermented foods. In this work, isoleucine (Ile) or leucine (Leu) at high levels was used as the sole nitrogen source for a BAT2 mutant and its parental Saccharomyces. cerevisiae 38 to investigate the effects of the addition of amounts of Ile or Leu and BAT2 on the aroma components in the flavor profile using gas chromatography mass spectrometer (GC-MS). The results showed that 2-methyl-butyraldehyde, 2-methyl-1-butanol, and 2-methylbutyl-acetate were the products positively correlated with the Ile addition amount. In addition, 3-methyl-butyraldehyde, 3-methyl-1-butanol, and 3-methylbutyl-acetate were the products positively correlated with Leu addition amount. BAT2 deletion resulted in a significant decline in the yields of 2-methyl-butyraldehyde, 3-methyl-butyraldehyde,2-methyl-1-butanol, and 3-methyl-1-butanol, but also an increase in the yields of 2-methylbutyl-acetate and 3-methylbutyl-acetate. We speculated that BAT2 regulated the front and end of this metabolite chain in a feedback manner. Improved metabolic chain analyses, including the simulated energy metabolism of Ile or Leu, indicated that reducing the added amount of branched-chain amino acids, BAT mutation, and eliminating the role of energy cofactors such as NADH/NAD+ were three important ways to control the content of high alcohols and esters in fermented foods.
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Cox MF, Hascup ER, Bartke A, Hascup KN. Friend or Foe? Defining the Role of Glutamate in Aging and Alzheimer’s Disease. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2022; 3:929474. [PMID: 35821835 PMCID: PMC9261322 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2022.929474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a naturally occurring decline of physiological processes and biological pathways that affects both the structural and functional integrity of the body and brain. These physiological changes reduce motor skills, executive function, memory recall, and processing speeds. Aging is also a major risk factor for multiple neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Identifying a biomarker, or biomarkers, that signals the transition from physiological to pathological aging would aid in earlier therapeutic options or interventional strategies. Considering the importance of glutamate signaling in synaptic plasticity, motor movement, and cognition, this neurotransmitter serves as a juncture between cognitive health and disease. This article discusses glutamatergic signaling during physiological aging and the pathological changes observed in AD patients. Findings from studies in mouse models of successful aging and AD are reviewed and provide a biological context for this transition. Finally, current techniques to monitor brain glutamate are highlighted. These techniques may aid in elucidating time-point specific therapeutic windows to modify disease outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- MaKayla F. Cox
- Dale and Deborah Smith Center for Alzheimer’s Research and Treatment, Department of Neurology, Neurosciences Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, United States
| | - Erin R. Hascup
- Dale and Deborah Smith Center for Alzheimer’s Research and Treatment, Department of Neurology, Neurosciences Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, United States
| | - Andrzej Bartke
- Dale and Deborah Smith Center for Alzheimer’s Research and Treatment, Department of Neurology, Neurosciences Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, United States
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, United States
| | - Kevin N. Hascup
- Dale and Deborah Smith Center for Alzheimer’s Research and Treatment, Department of Neurology, Neurosciences Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, United States
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, United States
- *Correspondence: Kevin N. Hascup,
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Zielińska M, Albrecht J, Popek M. Dysregulation of Astrocytic Glutamine Transport in Acute Hyperammonemic Brain Edema. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:874750. [PMID: 35733937 PMCID: PMC9207324 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.874750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute liver failure (ALF) impairs ammonia clearance from blood, which gives rise to acute hyperammonemia and increased ammonia accumulation in the brain. Since in brain glutamine synthesis is the only route of ammonia detoxification, hyperammonemia is as a rule associated with increased brain glutamine content (glutaminosis) which correlates with and contributes along with ammonia itself to hyperammonemic brain edema-associated with ALF. This review focuses on the effects of hyperammonemia on the two glutamine carriers located in the astrocytic membrane: Slc38a3 (SN1, SNAT3) and Slc7a6 (y + LAT2). We emphasize the contribution of the dysfunction of either of the two carriers to glutaminosis- related aspects of brain edema: retention of osmotically obligated water (Slc38a3) and induction of oxidative/nitrosative stress (Slc7a6). The changes in glutamine transport link glutaminosis- evoked mitochondrial dysfunction to oxidative-nitrosative stress as formulated in the “Trojan Horse” hypothesis.
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Tanaka Y, Shimokawa T, Harada K, Yoshida K. Effectiveness of elemental diets to prevent oral mucositis associated with cancer therapy: A meta-analysis. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2022; 49:172-180. [PMID: 35623809 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2022.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS During chemo- or radiotherapy, oral mucositis is associated with severely affected nutrition, prolonged hospital stays, increased risk of infections, death, hindered cancer treatment, and compromised patient prognosis. Although oral mucositis management is critical, no preventive methods have been firmly established. Nutritional therapy with the oral amino acid-rich elemental diet (ED) Elental® may prevent body composition changes and oral mucositis as dose-limiting toxicities of cancer therapy. This meta-analysis evaluated the effectiveness of ED for the prevention of grade ≥2 oral mucositis in patients with cancer undergoing chemotherapy or radiotherapy. METHODS A PubMed literature search for randomized clinical trials and/or observational studies in English was conducted. Odds ratios and their confidence intervals were calculated, and fixed- or random-effects models applied. RESULTS Of 24 relevant studies, nine conducted in Japan (including 445 patients) were subjected to a meta-analysis. Heterogeneity was 56%. Using a random-effects model, the resulting odds ratio (95% confidence interval) was 0.25 (0.10, 0.61). Funnel plot analysis showed no publication bias. There was no heterogeneity by study design, but esophageal cancer exhibited heterogeneity. The respective odds ratios (fixed-effects model) were 0.10 (0.03, 0.30) for observational studies and 0.48 (0.28, 0.82) for randomized control trials. The odds ratio (confidence interval) using a random-effects model was 0.35 (0.12, 0.99) for esophageal cancer; using a fixed-effects model, odds ratios were 0.07 (0.02, 0.29) for gastroenterological cancer and 0.26 (0.04, 1.60) for oral cancers. CONCLUSIONS The ED reduced the risk of developing oral mucositis, regardless of study design. The effectiveness was more marked in patients with gastroenterological cancer followed by esophageal cancer; ED was not effective in patients with oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Tanaka
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan.
| | - Toshio Shimokawa
- Department of Medical Data Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, 641-8509, Japan.
| | - Koji Harada
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, 755-8505, Japan.
| | - Kazuhiro Yoshida
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan.
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Zhang Q, Li W. Correlation between amino acid metabolism and self-renewal of cancer stem cells: Perspectives in cancer therapy. World J Stem Cells 2022; 14:267-286. [PMID: 35662861 PMCID: PMC9136564 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v14.i4.267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) possess self-renewal and differentiation potential, which may be related to recurrence, metastasis, and radiochemotherapy resistance during tumor treatment. Understanding the mechanisms via which CSCs maintain self-renewal may reveal new therapeutic targets for attenuating CSC resistance and extending patient life-span. Recent studies have shown that amino acid metabolism plays an important role in maintaining the self-renewal of CSCs and is involved in regulating their tumorigenicity characteristics. This review summarizes the relationship between CSCs and amino acid metabolism, and discusses the possible mechanisms by which amino acid metabolism regulates CSC characteristics particularly self-renewal, survival and stemness. The ultimate goal is to identify new targets and research directions for elimination of CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- Cancer Center, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Wei Li
- Cancer Center, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China
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56
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Proline Metabolism in Malignant Gliomas: A Systematic Literature Review. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14082030. [PMID: 35454935 PMCID: PMC9027994 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14082030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Studies of various types of cancers have found proline metabolism to be a key player in tumor development, involved in basic metabolic pathways, regulating cell proliferation, survival, and signaling. Here, we systematically searched the literature to find data on proline metabolism in malignant glial tumors. Despite limited availability, existing studies have found several ways in which proline metabolism may affect the development of gliomas, involving the maintenance of redox balance, providing essential glutamate, and affecting major signaling pathways. Metabolomic profiling has revealed the importance of proline as a link to basic cell metabolic cycles and shown it to be correlated with overall survival. Emerging knowledge on the role of proline in general oncology encourages further studies on malignant gliomas. Abstract Background: Proline has attracted growing interest because of its diverse influence on tumor metabolism and the discovery of the regulatory mechanisms that appear to be involved. In contrast to general oncology, data on proline metabolism in central nervous system malignancies are limited. Materials and Methods: We performed a systematic literature review of the MEDLINE and EMBASE databases according to PRISMA guidelines, searching for articles concerning proline metabolism in malignant glial tumors. From 815 search results, we identified 14 studies pertaining to this topic. Results: The role of the proline cycle in maintaining redox balance in IDH-mutated gliomas has been convincingly demonstrated. Proline is involved in restoring levels of glutamate, the main glial excitatory neurotransmitter. Proline oxidase influences two major signaling pathways: p53 and NF- κB. In metabolomics studies, the metabolism of proline and its link to the urea cycle was found to be a prognostic factor for survival and a marker of malignancy. Data on the prolidase concentration in the serum of glioblastoma patients are contradictory. Conclusions: Despite a paucity of studies in the literature, the available data are interesting enough to encourage further research, especially in terms of extrapolating what we have learned of proline functions from other neoplasms to malignant gliomas.
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Chernykh AV, Chernykh AV, Radchenko DS, Chheda PR, Rusanov EB, Grygorenko OO, Spies MA, Volochnyuk DM, Komarov IV. A stereochemical journey around spirocyclic glutamic acid analogs. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:3183-3200. [PMID: 35348173 PMCID: PMC10170626 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00146b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A practical divergent synthetic approach is reported for the library of regio- and stereoisomers of glutamic acid analogs built on the spiro[3.3]heptane scaffold. Formation of the spirocyclic scaffold was achieved starting from a common precursor - an O-silylated 2-(hydroxymethyl)cyclobutanone derivative. Its olefination required using the titanium-based Tebbe protocol since the standard Wittig reaction did not work with this particular substrate. The construction of the second cyclobutane ring of the spirocyclic system was achieved through either subsequent dichloroketene addition or Meinwald oxirane rearrangement as the key synthetic steps, depending on the substitution patterns in the target compounds (1,6- or 1,5-, respectively). Further modified Strecker reaction of the resulting racemic spirocyclic ketones with the Ellman's sulfinamide as a chiral auxiliary had low to moderate diastereoselectivity; nevertheless, all stereoisomers were isolated in pure form via chromatographic separation, and their absolute configuration was confirmed by X-ray crystallography. Members of the library were tested for the inhibitory activity against H. pylori glutamate racemase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton V Chernykh
- Enamine Ltd, Chervonotkatska Street 78, Kyiv 02094, Ukraine.,Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street 60, Kyiv 01601, Ukraine.
| | | | - Dmytro S Radchenko
- Enamine Ltd, Chervonotkatska Street 78, Kyiv 02094, Ukraine.,Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street 60, Kyiv 01601, Ukraine.
| | - Pratik Rajesh Chheda
- Division of Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutics and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City 52246, Iowa, USA
| | - Eduard B Rusanov
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Murmanska Street 5, Kyiv 02660, Ukraine
| | - Oleksandr O Grygorenko
- Enamine Ltd, Chervonotkatska Street 78, Kyiv 02094, Ukraine.,Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street 60, Kyiv 01601, Ukraine.
| | - M Ashley Spies
- Division of Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutics and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City 52246, Iowa, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City 52246, Iowa, USA
| | - Dmitriy M Volochnyuk
- Enamine Ltd, Chervonotkatska Street 78, Kyiv 02094, Ukraine.,Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street 60, Kyiv 01601, Ukraine. .,Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Murmanska Street 5, Kyiv 02660, Ukraine
| | - Igor V Komarov
- Enamine Ltd, Chervonotkatska Street 78, Kyiv 02094, Ukraine.,Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street 60, Kyiv 01601, Ukraine.
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Wang X, Liu X, Xiao S, Zhang Z, Wu L, Cheng Y, Tan Y, Zhang G, Jiang C. Comparison of gut microbiota compositions and corresponding genetic and metabolic features between guttate and plaque psoriasis by metagenomic sequencing. Microb Pathog 2022; 167:105560. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Li W, Wang J, Li J, Liu P, Li J, Zhao F. Antioxidant, Transcriptome and the Metabolome Response to Dietary Astaxanthin in Exopalaemon carinicauda. Front Physiol 2022; 13:859305. [PMID: 35431980 PMCID: PMC9005770 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.859305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Astaxanthin (Axn), a feed additive, is becoming increasingly important for modulating the metabolism, growth, development, and reproduction of aquatic organisms in aquaculture. In this study, Exopalaemon carinicauda (E. carinicauda) is an economically important fishery species in China that has been found to exhibit increased body weight following Axn feeding as compared to a standard diet. The antioxidant, transcriptomic, and metabolomic analyses of the response of E. carinicauda after Axn feeding were investigated. Axn could reduce the content of malondialdehyde and increase the activities of various antioxidant enzymes, which also proved that axn can improve the antioxidant capacity Transcriptomic analysis suggested that synthesis and secretion of immune proteins, cytoskeleton structure, and apoptosis signaling were altered after Axn feeding. The metabolic response to axn mainly includes the up regulation of different amino acids and the change of unsaturated fatty acids. Combined transcriptomic and metabolomic data indicated that amino acid metabolic pathways were upregulated in the muscles after Axn feeding. For good measure, energy metabolism pathways were upregulated in the muscles to improve ATP and unsaturated fatty acid production. This study provides key information to increase our understanding of the effects of Axn in shrimp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyang Li
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Jiajia Wang
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Jitao Li
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Jian Li
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Fazhen Zhao
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
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Wang T, Nielsen KL, Frisch K, Lassen JK, Nielsen CB, Andersen CU, Villesen P, Andreasen MF, Hasselstrøm JB, Johannsen M. A Retrospective Metabolomics Analysis of Gamma-Hydroxybutyrate in Humans: New Potential Markers and Changes in Metabolism Related to GHB Consumption. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:816376. [PMID: 35308203 PMCID: PMC8927817 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.816376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
GHB is an endogenous short-chain organic acid presumably also widely applied as a rape and knock out drug in cases of drug-facilitated crimes or sexual assaults (DFSA). Due to the endogenous nature of GHB and its fast metabolism in vivo, the detection window of exogenous GHB is however narrow, making it challenging to prove use of GHB in DFSA cases. Alternative markers of GHB intake have recently appeared though none has hitherto been validated for forensic use. UHPLC-HRMS based screening of blood samples for drugs of abuse is routinely performed in several forensic laboratories which leaves an enormous amount of unexploited data. Recently we devised a novel metabolomics approach to use archived data from such routine screenings for elucidating both direct metabolites from exogenous compounds, but potentially also regulation of endogenous metabolism and metabolites. In this paper we used UHPLC-HRMS data acquired over a 6-year period from whole blood analysis of 51 drivers driving under the influence of GHB as well as a matched control group. The data were analyzed using a metabolomics approach applying a range of advanced analytical methods such as OPLS-DA, LASSO, random forest, and Pearson correlation to examine the data in depth and demonstrate the feasibility and potential power of the approach. This was done by initially detecting a range of potential biomarkers of GHB consumption, some that previously have been found in controlled GHB studies, as well as several new potential markers not hitherto known. Furthermore, we investigate the impact of GHB intake on human metabolism. In aggregate, we demonstrate the feasibility to extract meaningful information from archived data here exemplified using GHB cases. Hereby we hope to pave the way for more general use of the principle to elucidate human metabolites of e.g. new legal or illegal drugs as well as for applications in more global and large scale metabolomics studies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Wang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Section for Forensic Chemistry, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- *Correspondence: Tingting Wang, ; Mogens Johannsen,
| | - Kirstine L. Nielsen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Section for Forensic Chemistry, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kim Frisch
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Section for Forensic Chemistry, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Johan K. Lassen
- Bioinformatics Research Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Camilla B. Nielsen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Section for Forensic Chemistry, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Charlotte U. Andersen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Section for Forensic Chemistry, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Palle Villesen
- Bioinformatics Research Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mette F. Andreasen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Section for Forensic Chemistry, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jørgen B. Hasselstrøm
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Section for Forensic Chemistry, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mogens Johannsen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Section for Forensic Chemistry, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- *Correspondence: Tingting Wang, ; Mogens Johannsen,
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McGrath T, Baskerville R, Rogero M, Castell L. Emerging Evidence for the Widespread Role of Glutamatergic Dysfunction in Neuropsychiatric Diseases. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14050917. [PMID: 35267893 PMCID: PMC8912368 DOI: 10.3390/nu14050917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The monoamine model of depression has long formed the basis of drug development but fails to explain treatment resistance or associations with stress or inflammation. Recent animal research, clinical trials of ketamine (a glutamate receptor antagonist), neuroimaging research, and microbiome studies provide increasing evidence of glutamatergic dysfunction in depression and other disorders. Glutamatergic involvement across diverse neuropathologies including psychoses, neurodevelopmental, neurodegenerative conditions, and brain injury forms the rationale for this review. Glutamate is the brain's principal excitatory neurotransmitter (NT), a metabolic and synthesis substrate, and an immune mediator. These overlapping roles and multiple glutamate NT receptor types complicate research into glutamate neurotransmission. The glutamate microcircuit comprises excitatory glutamatergic neurons, astrocytes controlling synaptic space levels, through glutamate reuptake, and inhibitory GABA interneurons. Astroglia generate and respond to inflammatory mediators. Glutamatergic microcircuits also act at the brain/body interface via the microbiome, kynurenine pathway, and hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis. Disruption of excitatory/inhibitory homeostasis causing neuro-excitotoxicity, with neuronal impairment, causes depression and cognition symptoms via limbic and prefrontal regions, respectively. Persistent dysfunction reduces neuronal plasticity and growth causing neuronal death and tissue atrophy in neurodegenerative diseases. A conceptual overview of brain glutamatergic activity and peripheral interfacing is presented, including the common mechanisms that diverse diseases share when glutamate homeostasis is disrupted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas McGrath
- Green Templeton College, University of Oxford, Oxford OX2 6HG, UK; (T.M.); (L.C.)
| | - Richard Baskerville
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK
- Correspondence:
| | - Marcelo Rogero
- School of Public Health, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 01246-904, Brazil;
| | - Linda Castell
- Green Templeton College, University of Oxford, Oxford OX2 6HG, UK; (T.M.); (L.C.)
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Cicatiello AG, Sagliocchi S, Nappi A, Di Cicco E, Miro C, Murolo M, Stornaiuolo M, Dentice M. Thyroid hormone regulates glutamine metabolism and anaplerotic fluxes by inducing mitochondrial glutamate aminotransferase GPT2. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110409. [PMID: 35196498 PMCID: PMC8889437 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormones (THs) are key metabolic regulators coordinating short- and long-term energy needs. In skeletal muscle, THs modulate energy metabolism in pathophysiological conditions. Indeed, hypo- and hyperthyroidism are leading causes of muscle weakness and strength; however, the metabolic pathways underlying these effects are still poorly understood. Using molecular, biochemical, and isotope-tracing approaches combined with mass spectrometry and denervation experiments, we find that THs regulate glutamine metabolism and anaplerotic fluxes by up-regulating the glutamate pyruvate transaminase 2 (GPT2) gene. In humans, GPT2 autosomal recessive mutations cause a neurological syndrome characterized by intellectual disability, microcephaly, and progressive motor symptoms. Here, we demonstrate a role of the TH/GPT2 axis in skeletal muscle in which it regulates muscle weight and fiber diameter in resting and atrophic conditions and results in protection from muscle loss during atrophy. These results describe an anabolic route by which THs rewire glutamine metabolism toward the maintenance of muscle mass. THs induce the expression of the mitochondrial GPT2 gene in skeletal muscle The GPT2 up-regulation by THs enhances anaplerotic cycles and α-KG production GPT2 is reduced during muscle atrophy and is reactivated by THs treatment GPT2 KO+/– mice undergo muscle loss that is partially attenuated by THs
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Serena Sagliocchi
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, NA 80138 Italy
| | - Annarita Nappi
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, NA 80138 Italy
| | - Emery Di Cicco
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, NA 80138 Italy
| | - Caterina Miro
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, NA 80138 Italy
| | - Melania Murolo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, NA 80138 Italy
| | - Mariano Stornaiuolo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, NA 80138 Italy
| | - Monica Dentice
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, NA 80138 Italy; CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Scarl, Naples, NA 80131, Italy.
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Wang Y, Wang Z, Han Q, Xie Y, Zhou H, Zhou K, Li X, Xu B. Comprehensive insights into the evolution of microbiological and metabolic characteristics of the fat portion during the processing of traditional Chinese bacon. Food Res Int 2022; 155:110987. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.110987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Huang R, Wang JY, Yao MZ, Ma CL, Chen L. Quantitative trait loci mapping for free amino acid content using an albino population and SNP markers provides insight into the genetic improvement of tea plants. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 9:6510850. [PMID: 35040977 PMCID: PMC8788373 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhab029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Free amino acids are one of the main chemical components in tea, and they contribute to the pleasant flavor, function, and quality of tea, notably the level of theanine. Here, a high-density genetic map was constructed to characterize quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for free amino acid content. A total of 2688 polymorphic SNP markers were obtained using genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) based on 198 individuals derived from a pseudotestcross population of "Longjing 43" × "Baijiguan", which are elite and albino tea cultivars, respectively. The 1846.32 cM high-density map with an average interval of 0.69 cM was successfully divided into 15 linkage groups (LGs) ranging from 93.41 cM to 171.28 cM. Furthermore, a total of 4 QTLs related to free amino acid content (theanine, glutamate, glutamine, aspartic acid and arginine) identified over two years were mapped to LG03, LG06, LG11 and LG14. The phenotypic variation explained by these QTLs ranged from 11.8% to 23.7%, with an LOD score from 3.56 to 7.7. Furthermore, several important amino acid metabolic pathways were enriched based on the upregulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) among the offspring. These results will be essential for fine mapping genes involved in amino acid pathways and diversity, thereby providing a promising avenue for the genetic improvement of tea plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Jun-Ya Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Ming-Zhe Yao
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Chun-Lei Ma
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
- Corresponding authors: E-mail: ,
| | - Liang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
- Corresponding authors: E-mail: ,
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Pan X, Tao S, Tong N. Potential Therapeutic Targeting Neurotransmitter Receptors in Diabetes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:884549. [PMID: 35669692 PMCID: PMC9163348 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.884549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurotransmitters are signaling molecules secreted by neurons to coordinate communication and proper function among different sections in the central neural system (CNS) by binding with different receptors. Some neurotransmitters as well as their receptors are found in pancreatic islets and are involved in the regulation of glucose homeostasis. Neurotransmitters can act with their receptors in pancreatic islets to stimulate or inhibit the secretion of insulin (β cell), glucagon (α cell) or somatostatin (δ cell). Neurotransmitter receptors are either G-protein coupled receptors or ligand-gated channels, their effects on blood glucose are mainly decided by the number and location of them in islets. Dysfunction of neurotransmitters receptors in islets is involved in the development of β cell dysfunction and type 2 diabetes (T2D).Therapies targeting different transmitter systems have great potential in the prevention and treatment of T2D and other metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Pan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Islet Transplantation, Center for Diabetes and Metabolism Research, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shibing Tao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Ziyang First People’s Hospital, Ziyang, China
| | - Nanwei Tong
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Islet Transplantation, Center for Diabetes and Metabolism Research, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Nanwei Tong,
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Trongtrakul K, Thonusin C, Pothirat C, Chattipakorn SC, Chattipakorn N. Past Experiences for Future Applications of Metabolomics in Critically Ill Patients with Sepsis and Septic Shocks. Metabolites 2021; 12:metabo12010001. [PMID: 35050123 PMCID: PMC8779293 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A disruption of several metabolic pathways in critically ill patients with sepsis indicates that metabolomics might be used as a more precise tool for sepsis and septic shock when compared with the conventional biomarkers. This article provides information regarding metabolomics studies in sepsis and septic shock patients. It has been shown that a variety of metabolomic pathways are altered in sepsis and septic shock, including amino acid metabolism, fatty acid oxidation, phospholipid metabolism, glycolysis, and tricarboxylic acid cycle. Based upon this comprehensive review, here, we demonstrate that metabolomics is about to change the world of sepsis biomarkers, not only for its utilization in sepsis diagnosis, but also for prognosticating and monitoring the therapeutic response. Additionally, the future direction regarding the establishment of studies integrating metabolomics with other molecular modalities and studies identifying the relationships between metabolomic profiles and clinical characteristics to address clinical application are discussed in this article. All of the information from this review indicates the important impact of metabolomics as a tool for diagnosis, monitoring therapeutic response, and prognostic assessment of sepsis and septic shock. These findings also encourage further clinical investigations to warrant its use in routine clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konlawij Trongtrakul
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (K.T.); (C.P.)
| | - Chanisa Thonusin
- Metabolomics Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Correspondence: (C.T.); (N.C.)
| | - Chaicharn Pothirat
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (K.T.); (C.P.)
| | - Siriporn C. Chattipakorn
- Metabolomics Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Metabolomics Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Correspondence: (C.T.); (N.C.)
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Zhang S. Author Response: Correlation of L-asp Activity, Anti-L-asp Antibody, Asn and Gln with Adverse Events Especially Anaphylaxis Risks in PEG-asp-Contained Regime Treated Pediatric ALL Patients. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2021; 20:15330338211049894. [PMID: 34738842 PMCID: PMC8573476 DOI: 10.1177/15330338211049894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shunguo Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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68
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Choi M, Bonanno JA. Mitochondrial Targeting of the Ammonia-Sensitive Uncoupler SLC4A11 by the Chaperone-Mediated Carrier Pathway in Corneal Endothelium. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 62:4. [PMID: 34499705 PMCID: PMC8434753 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.62.12.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose SLC4A11, an electrogenic H+ transporter, is found in the plasma membrane and mitochondria of corneal endothelium. However, the underlying mechanism of SLC4A11 targeting to mitochondria is unknown. Methods The presence of mitochondrial targeting sequences was examined using in silico mitochondrial proteomic analyses. Thiol crosslinked peptide binding to SLC4A11 was screened by untargeted liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis. Direct protein interactions between SLC4A11 and chaperones were examined using coimmunoprecipitation analysis and proximity ligation assay. Knockdown or pharmacologic inhibition of chaperones in human corneal endothelial cells (HCECs) or mouse corneal endothelial cells (MCECs), ex vivo kidney, or HA-SLC4A11–transfected fibroblasts was performed to investigate the functional consequences of interfering with mitochondrial SLC4A11 trafficking. Results SLC4A11 does not contain canonical N-terminal mitochondrial targeting sequences. LC-MS/MS analysis showed that HSC70 and/or HSP90 are bound to HA-SLC4A11–transfected PS120 fibroblast whole-cell lysates or isolated mitochondria, suggesting trafficking through the chaperone-mediated carrier pathway. SLC4A11 and either HSP90 or HSC70 complexes are directly bound to the mitochondrial surface receptor, TOM70. Interference with this trafficking leads to dysfunctional mitochondrial glutamine catabolism and increased reactive oxygen species production. In addition, glutamine (Gln) use upregulated SLC4A11, HSP70, and HSP90 expression in whole-cell lysates or purified mitochondria of HCECs and HA-SLC4A11–transfected fibroblasts. Conclusions HSP90 and HSC70 are critical in mediating mitochondrial SLC4A11 translocation in corneal endothelial cells and kidney. Gln promotes SLC4A11 import to the mitochondria, and the continuous oxidative stress derived from Gln catabolism induced HSP70 and HSP90, protecting cells against oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moonjung Choi
- Vision Science Program, Indiana University, School of Optometry, Bloomington, Indiana, United States
| | - Joseph A Bonanno
- Vision Science Program, Indiana University, School of Optometry, Bloomington, Indiana, United States
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Cappellozza E, Zanzoni S, Malatesta M, Calderan L. Integrated Microscopy and Metabolomics to Test an Innovative Fluid Dynamic System for Skin Explants In Vitro. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2021; 27:923-934. [PMID: 34311807 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927621012010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The in vitro models are receiving growing attention in studies on skin permeation, penetration, and irritancy, especially for the preclinical development of new transcutaneous drugs. However, synthetic membranes or cell cultures are unable to effectively mimic the permeability and absorption features of the cutaneous barrier. The use of explanted skin samples maintained in a fluid dynamic environment would make it possible for an in vitro experimentation closer to in vivo physiological conditions. To this aim, in the present study, we have modified a bioreactor designed for cell culture to host explanted skin samples. The preservation of the skin was evaluated by combining light, transmission, and scanning electron microscopy, for the histo/cytological characterization, with nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, for the identification in the culture medium of metabolites indicative of the functional state of the explants. Our morphological and metabolomics results demonstrated that fluid dynamic conditions ameliorate significantly the structural and functional preservation of skin explants in comparison with conventional culture conditions. Our in vitro system is, therefore, reliable to test novel therapeutic agents intended for transdermal administration in skin samples from biopsies or surgical materials, providing predictive information suitable for focused in vivo research and reducing animal experimentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrica Cappellozza
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Anatomy and Histology, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Verona, Verona37134, Italy
| | - Serena Zanzoni
- Centro Piattaforme Tecnologiche, Spectroscopy, Diffractometry and Molecular Interaction Study Platform, University of Verona, Verona37100, Italy
| | - Manuela Malatesta
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Anatomy and Histology, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Verona, Verona37134, Italy
| | - Laura Calderan
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Anatomy and Histology, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Verona, Verona37134, Italy
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Charpentier J, Briand F, Lelouvier B, Servant F, Azalbert V, Puel A, Christensen JE, Waget A, Branchereau M, Garret C, Lluch J, Heymes C, Brousseau E, Burcelin R, Guzylack L, Sulpice T, Grasset E. Liraglutide targets the gut microbiota and the intestinal immune system to regulate insulin secretion. Acta Diabetol 2021; 58:881-897. [PMID: 33723651 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-020-01657-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Liraglutide controls type 2 diabetes (T2D) and inflammation. Gut microbiota regulates the immune system and causes at least in part type 2 diabetes. We here evaluated whether liraglutide regulates T2D through both gut microbiota and immunity in dysmetabolic mice. METHODS Diet-induced dysmetabolic mice were treated for 14 days with intraperitoneal injection of liraglutide (100 µg/kg) or with vehicle or Exendin 4 (10 µg/kg) as controls. Various metabolic parameters, the intestinal immune cells were characterized and the 16SrDNA gene sequenced from the gut. The causal role of gut microbiota was shown using large spectrum antibiotics and by colonization of germ-free mice with the gut microbiota from treated mice. RESULTS Besides, the expected metabolic impacts liraglutide treatment induced a specific gut microbiota specific signature when compared to vehicle or Ex4-treated mice. However, liraglutide only increased glucose-induced insulin secretion, reduced the frequency of Th1 lymphocytes, and increased that of TReg in the intestine. These effects were abolished by a concomitant antibiotic treatment. Colonization of germ-free mice with gut microbiota from liraglutide-treated diabetic mice improved glucose-induced insulin secretion and regulated the intestinal immune system differently from what observed in germ-free mice colonized with microbiota from non-treated diabetic mice. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, our result demonstrated first the influence of liraglutide on gut microbiota and the intestinal immune system which could at least in part control glucose-induced insulin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Charpentier
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Toulouse, France
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1048, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Team 2: 'Intestinal Risk Factors Diabetes, Dyslipidemia', 31432, Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Francois Briand
- PHYSIOGENEX SAS Prologue Biotech, 516 Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 31670, Labège Innopole, France
| | - Benjamin Lelouvier
- Vaiomer, Prologue Biotech, 516 Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 31670, Labège Innopole, France
| | - Florence Servant
- Vaiomer, Prologue Biotech, 516 Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 31670, Labège Innopole, France
| | - Vincent Azalbert
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Toulouse, France
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1048, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Team 2: 'Intestinal Risk Factors Diabetes, Dyslipidemia', 31432, Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Anthony Puel
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Toulouse, France
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1048, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Team 2: 'Intestinal Risk Factors Diabetes, Dyslipidemia', 31432, Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Jeffrey E Christensen
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Toulouse, France
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1048, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Team 2: 'Intestinal Risk Factors Diabetes, Dyslipidemia', 31432, Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Aurélie Waget
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Toulouse, France
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1048, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Team 2: 'Intestinal Risk Factors Diabetes, Dyslipidemia', 31432, Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Maxime Branchereau
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Toulouse, France
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1048, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Team 2: 'Intestinal Risk Factors Diabetes, Dyslipidemia', 31432, Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Céline Garret
- Vaiomer, Prologue Biotech, 516 Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 31670, Labège Innopole, France
| | - Jérome Lluch
- Vaiomer, Prologue Biotech, 516 Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 31670, Labège Innopole, France
| | - Christophe Heymes
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Toulouse, France
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1048, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Team 2: 'Intestinal Risk Factors Diabetes, Dyslipidemia', 31432, Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Emmanuel Brousseau
- PHYSIOGENEX SAS Prologue Biotech, 516 Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 31670, Labège Innopole, France
| | - Rémy Burcelin
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Toulouse, France.
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1048, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Team 2: 'Intestinal Risk Factors Diabetes, Dyslipidemia', 31432, Toulouse Cedex 4, France.
| | - Laurence Guzylack
- Neuro-Gastroenterology and Nutrition Team, Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Thierry Sulpice
- PHYSIOGENEX SAS Prologue Biotech, 516 Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 31670, Labège Innopole, France
| | - Estelle Grasset
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Toulouse, France
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1048, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Team 2: 'Intestinal Risk Factors Diabetes, Dyslipidemia', 31432, Toulouse Cedex 4, France
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Kordasht HK, Hasanzadeh M, Seidi F, Alizadeh PM. Poly (amino acids) towards sensing: Recent progress and challenges. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Zhou W, Zeng G, Lyu C, Kou F, Zhang S, Wei H. The effect of strength-endurance training on serum and urine metabolic profiles of female adolescent volleyball athletes. Physiol Int 2021; 108:285-302. [PMID: 34181565 DOI: 10.1556/2060.2021.00150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Aim Limited investigations on metabolic responses to exercise training in female adolescent volleyball athletes exist. The aim of this study was to obtain serum and urine metabolite markers in female adolescent volleyball athletes within 2-week strength-endurance training using a metabolomics approach coupled with biochemical analysis, which would be potential biomarkers for evaluating the physiological state of athletes. Methods Twelve female adolescent volleyball athletes were recruited for 2-week strength-endurance training. Differential serum and urine metabolic profiles between the pre- and post-training group were obtained on gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and data subsequently underwent orthogonal partial least-squares analysis (OPLS). Results Strength-endurance training exerted a significant influence on the athletes' serum and urine metabolic profiles. The changed metabolites were primarily involved in energy metabolism, lipid metabolism and amino acids metabolism. Results support the hypothesis that female athletes displayed an increased propensity to oxidize lipids as the major energy source. Exposure to strength-endurance training also led to a significant increase in cortisol, but a decrease in testosterone, indicating disordered hormone adjustment. Exercise-induced oxidative stress occurred, as was evidenced by the decrease in reduced glutathione, and increases in blood malondialdehyde and oxidized glutathione. Since the muscle damage markers creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase did not show significant changes, the training might not cause cell membrane damage and the athletes did not cross the adaptive injury level. Conclusion By measurement of endogenous metabolites, the metabolomics study has the potential to reveal the global physiological changes in response to exercise training.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Zhou
- 1Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.,4Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - G Zeng
- 2Department of Rehabilitation, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - C Lyu
- 3Shanghai Zhulian Intelligent Technology CO., LTD, Shanghai 201323, China
| | - F Kou
- 1Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - S Zhang
- 2Department of Rehabilitation, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - H Wei
- 1Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
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Chiocchetti GDME, Lopes-Aguiar L, Miyaguti NADS, Viana LR, Salgado CDM, Orvoën OO, Florindo D, dos Santos RW, Cintra Gomes-Marcondes MC. A Time-Course Comparison of Skeletal Muscle Metabolomic Alterations in Walker-256 Tumour-Bearing Rats at Different Stages of Life. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11060404. [PMID: 34202988 PMCID: PMC8234487 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11060404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cachexia is a severe wasting condition that needs further study to find ways to minimise the effects of damage and poor prognosis. Skeletal muscle is the most impacted tissue in cancer cachexia; thus, elucidation of its metabolic alterations could provide a direct clue for biomarker research and be applied to detect this syndrome earlier. In addition, concerning the significant changes in the host metabolism across life, this study aimed to compare the metabolic muscle changes in cachectic tumour-bearing hosts at different ages. We performed 1H-NMR metabolomics in the gastrocnemius muscle in weanling and young adult Walker-256 tumour-bearing rats at different stages of tumour evolution (initial, intermediate, and advanced). Among the 49 metabolites identified, 24 were significantly affected throughout tumour evolution and 21 were significantly affected regarding animal age. The altered metabolites were mainly related to increased amino acid levels and changed energetic metabolism in the skeletal muscle, suggesting an expressive catabolic process and diverted energy production, especially in advanced tumour stages in both groups. Moreover, these changes were more severe in weanling hosts throughout tumour evolution, suggesting the distinct impact of cancer cachexia regarding the host's age, highlighting the need to adopting the right animal age when studying cancer cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela de Matuoka e Chiocchetti
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Cancer, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Biology Institute, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255, Campinas 13083862, SP, Brazil; (L.L.-A.); (N.A.d.S.M.); (L.R.V.); (C.d.M.S.); (O.O.O.); (D.F.); (R.W.d.S.)
- Correspondence: (G.d.M.e.C.); (M.C.C.G.-M.); Tel.: +55-19-3521-6194 (M.C.C.G.-M.)
| | - Leisa Lopes-Aguiar
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Cancer, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Biology Institute, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255, Campinas 13083862, SP, Brazil; (L.L.-A.); (N.A.d.S.M.); (L.R.V.); (C.d.M.S.); (O.O.O.); (D.F.); (R.W.d.S.)
| | - Natália Angelo da Silva Miyaguti
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Cancer, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Biology Institute, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255, Campinas 13083862, SP, Brazil; (L.L.-A.); (N.A.d.S.M.); (L.R.V.); (C.d.M.S.); (O.O.O.); (D.F.); (R.W.d.S.)
| | - Lais Rosa Viana
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Cancer, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Biology Institute, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255, Campinas 13083862, SP, Brazil; (L.L.-A.); (N.A.d.S.M.); (L.R.V.); (C.d.M.S.); (O.O.O.); (D.F.); (R.W.d.S.)
| | - Carla de Moraes Salgado
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Cancer, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Biology Institute, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255, Campinas 13083862, SP, Brazil; (L.L.-A.); (N.A.d.S.M.); (L.R.V.); (C.d.M.S.); (O.O.O.); (D.F.); (R.W.d.S.)
| | - Ophelie Ocean Orvoën
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Cancer, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Biology Institute, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255, Campinas 13083862, SP, Brazil; (L.L.-A.); (N.A.d.S.M.); (L.R.V.); (C.d.M.S.); (O.O.O.); (D.F.); (R.W.d.S.)
- Biology Department, University of Angers, 49000 Anger, France
| | - Derly Florindo
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Cancer, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Biology Institute, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255, Campinas 13083862, SP, Brazil; (L.L.-A.); (N.A.d.S.M.); (L.R.V.); (C.d.M.S.); (O.O.O.); (D.F.); (R.W.d.S.)
| | - Rogério Williams dos Santos
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Cancer, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Biology Institute, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255, Campinas 13083862, SP, Brazil; (L.L.-A.); (N.A.d.S.M.); (L.R.V.); (C.d.M.S.); (O.O.O.); (D.F.); (R.W.d.S.)
| | - Maria Cristina Cintra Gomes-Marcondes
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Cancer, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Biology Institute, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255, Campinas 13083862, SP, Brazil; (L.L.-A.); (N.A.d.S.M.); (L.R.V.); (C.d.M.S.); (O.O.O.); (D.F.); (R.W.d.S.)
- Correspondence: (G.d.M.e.C.); (M.C.C.G.-M.); Tel.: +55-19-3521-6194 (M.C.C.G.-M.)
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Dobrowolski P, Muszyński S, Donaldson J, Jakubczak A, Żmuda A, Taszkun I, Rycerz K, Mielnik-Błaszczak M, Kuc D, Tomaszewska E. The Effects of Prenatal Supplementation with β-Hydroxy-β-Methylbutyrate and/or Alpha-Ketoglutaric Acid on the Development and Maturation of Mink Intestines Are Dependent on the Number of Pregnancies and the Sex of the Offspring. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:1468. [PMID: 34065327 PMCID: PMC8160670 DOI: 10.3390/ani11051468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Prenatal and postnatal supplementation with β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) and alpha-ketoglutaric acid (AKG) affects the development and maturation of offspring. Both substances have the potential to stimulate cell metabolism via different routes. However, parity affects development and may alter the effects of dietary supplementation. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of gestational supplementation with HMB and/or AKG to primiparous and multiparous minks on the structure and maturation of the offspring's small intestine. Primiparous and multiparous American minks (Neovison vison), of the standard dark brown type, were supplemented daily with HMB (0.02 g/kg b.w.) and/or AKG (0.4 g/kg b.w.) during gestation (n = 7 for each treatment). Supplementation stopped when the minks gave birth. Intestine samples were collected from 8-month-old male and female offspring during autopsy and histology and histomorphometry analysis was conducted (LAEC approval no 64/2015). Gestational supplementation had a long-term effect, improving the structure of the offspring's intestine toward facilitating absorption and passage of intestinal contents. AKG supplementation affected intestinal absorption (enterocytes, villi and absorptive surface), and HMB affected intestinal peristalsis and secretion (crypts and Goblet cells). These effects were strongly dependent on parity and offspring gender. Present findings have important nutritional implications and should be considered in feeding practices and supplementation plans in animal reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Dobrowolski
- Department of Functional Anatomy and Cytobiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka St. 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Siemowit Muszyński
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Environmental Biology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka St. 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Janine Donaldson
- School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa;
| | - Andrzej Jakubczak
- Department of Biological Basis of Animal Production, Faculty of Biology and Animal Breeding, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka St. 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Andrzej Żmuda
- Department of Epizootiology and Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka St. 30, 20-612 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Iwona Taszkun
- Department and Clinic of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka St. 30, 20-612 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Karol Rycerz
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka St. 12, 20-950 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Maria Mielnik-Błaszczak
- Chair and Department of Paedodontics, Medical University of Lublin, Karmelicka St. 7, 20-081 Lublin, Poland; (M.M.-B.); (D.K.)
| | - Damian Kuc
- Chair and Department of Paedodontics, Medical University of Lublin, Karmelicka St. 7, 20-081 Lublin, Poland; (M.M.-B.); (D.K.)
| | - Ewa Tomaszewska
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka St. 12, 20-950 Lublin, Poland;
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Luo J, He Q, Xu JZ, Xu C, Han YZ, Gao HL, Meng XZ, Pan GQ, Li T, Zhou ZY. Microsporidia infection upregulates host energy metabolism but maintains ATP homeostasis. J Invertebr Pathol 2021; 186:107596. [PMID: 33910037 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2021.107596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Microsporidia are a group of obligate intracellular parasites which lack mitochondria and have highly reduced genomes. Therefore, they are unable to produce ATP via the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and oxidative phosphorylation. Instead, they have evolved strategies to obtain and manipulate host metabolism to acquire nutrients. However, little is known about how microsporidia modulate host energy metabolisms. Here, we present the first targeted metabolomics study to investigate changes in host energy metabolism as a result of infection by a microsporidian. Metabolites of silkworm embryo cell (BmE) were measured 48 h post infection by Nosema bombycis. Thirty metabolites were detected, nine of which were upregulated and mainly involved in glycolysis (glucose 6-phosphate, fructose 1,6-bisphosphate) and the TCA cycle (succinate, α-ketoglutarate, cis-aconitate, isocitrate, citrate, fumarate). Pathway enrichment analysis suggested that the upregulated metabolites could promote the synthesization of nucleotides, fatty acids, and amino acids by the host. ATP concentration in host cells, however, was not significantly changed by the infection. This ATP homeostasis was also found in Encephalitozoon hellem infected mouse macrophage RAW264.7, human monocytic leukemia THP-1, human embryonic kidney 293, and human foreskin fibroblast cells. These findings suggest that microsporidia have evolved strategies to maintain levels of ATP in the host while stimulating metabolic pathways to provide additional nutrients for the parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Qiang He
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jin-Zhi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Chen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yin-Ze Han
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Hai-Long Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xian-Zhi Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Guo-Qing Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Tian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Ze-Yang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; College of Life Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 400047, China.
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76
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Temporomandibular Disorders Slow Down the Regeneration Process of Masticatory Muscles: Transcriptomic Analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 57:medicina57040354. [PMID: 33916982 PMCID: PMC8067552 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57040354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Musculoskeletal injuries represent a pathological condition due to limited joint motility and morphological and functional alterations of the muscles. Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) are pathological conditions due to alterations in the musculoskeletal system. TMDs mainly cause temporomandibular joint and masticatory muscle dysfunctions following trauma, along with various pathologies and inflammatory processes. TMD affects approximately 15% of the population and causes malocclusion problems and common symptoms such as myofascial pain and migraine. The aim of this work was to provide a transcriptomic profile of masticatory muscles obtained from TMD migraine patients compared to control. Materials and Methods: We used Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) technology to evaluate transcriptomes in masseter and temporalis muscle samples. Results: The transcriptomic analysis showed a prevalent downregulation of the genes involved in the myogenesis process. Conclusions: In conclusion, our findings suggest that the muscle regeneration process in TMD migraine patients may be slowed, therefore therapeutic interventions are needed to restore temporomandibular joint function and promote healing processes.
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Wei Y, Zhang D, Liu J, Ou M, Liang P, Zuo Y, Zhou C. Effects of sevoflurane anesthesia and abdominal surgery on the systemic metabolome: a prospective observational study. BMC Anesthesiol 2021; 21:80. [PMID: 33731015 PMCID: PMC7968205 DOI: 10.1186/s12871-021-01301-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Metabolic status can be impacted by general anesthesia and surgery. However, the exact effects of general anesthesia and surgery on systemic metabolome remain unclear, which might contribute to postoperative outcomes. Methods Five hundred patients who underwent abdominal surgery were included. General anesthesia was mainly maintained with sevoflurane. The end-tidal sevoflurane concentration (ETsevo) was adjusted to maintain BIS (Bispectral index) value between 40 and 60. The mean ETsevo from 20 min after endotracheal intubation to 2 h after the beginning of surgery was calculated for each patient. The patients were further divided into low ETsevo group (mean − SD) and high ETsevo group (mean + SD) to investigate the possible metabolic changes relevant to the amount of sevoflurane exposure. Results The mean ETsevo of the 500 patients was 1.60% ± 0.34%. Patients with low ETsevo (n = 55) and high ETsevo (n = 59) were selected for metabolomic analysis (1.06% ± 0.13% vs. 2.17% ± 0.16%, P < 0.001). Sevoflurane and abdominal surgery disturbed the tricarboxylic acid cycle as identified by increased citrate and cis-aconitate levels and impacted glycometabolism as identified by increased sucrose and D-glucose levels in these 114 patients. Glutamate metabolism was also impacted by sevoflurane and abdominal surgery in all the patients. In the patients with high ETsevo, levels of L-glutamine, pyroglutamic acid, sphinganine and L-selenocysteine after sevoflurane anesthesia and abdominal surgery were significantly higher than those of the patients with low ETsevo, suggesting that these metabolic changes might be relevant to the amount of sevoflurane exposure. Conclusions Sevoflurane anesthesia and abdominal surgery can impact principal metabolic pathways in clinical patients including tricarboxylic acid cycle, glycometabolism and glutamate metabolism. This study may provide a resource data for future studies about metabolism relevant to general anaesthesia and surgeries. Trial registration www.chictr.org.cn. identifier: ChiCTR1800014327. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12871-021-01301-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyong Wei
- Laboratory of Anesthesia & Critical Care Medicine, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, 37# Guoxue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, 37# Guoxue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Donghang Zhang
- Laboratory of Anesthesia & Critical Care Medicine, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, 37# Guoxue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, 37# Guoxue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Laboratory of Anesthesia & Critical Care Medicine, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, 37# Guoxue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China. .,Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, 37# Guoxue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Mengchan Ou
- Laboratory of Anesthesia & Critical Care Medicine, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, 37# Guoxue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, 37# Guoxue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Peng Liang
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, 37# Guoxue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yunxia Zuo
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, 37# Guoxue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Cheng Zhou
- Laboratory of Anesthesia & Critical Care Medicine, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, 37# Guoxue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
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Lopatynska-Mazurek M, Pankowska A, Gibula-Tarlowska E, Pietura R, Kotlinska JH. Rapamycin Improves Recognition Memory and Normalizes Amino-Acids and Amines Levels in the Hippocampal Dentate Gyrus in Adult Rats Exposed to Ethanol during the Neonatal Period. Biomolecules 2021; 11:362. [PMID: 33673489 PMCID: PMC7997340 DOI: 10.3390/biom11030362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), a serine/ threonine kinase, is implicated in synaptic plasticity by controlling protein synthesis. Research suggests that ethanol exposure during pregnancy alters the mTOR signaling pathway in the fetal hippocampus. Thus, we investigated the influence of pre-treatment with rapamycin, an mTORC1 inhibitor, on the development of recognition memory deficits in adult rats that were neonatally exposed to ethanol. In the study, male and female rat pups received ethanol (5 g/kg/day) by intragastric intubation at postanatal day (PND 4-9), an equivalent to the third trimester of human pregnancy. Rapamycin (3 and 10 mg/kg) was given intraperitoneally before every ethanol administration. Short- and long-term recognition memory was assessed in the novel object recognition (NOR) task in adult (PND 59/60) rats. Locomotor activity and anxiety-like behavior were also evaluated to exclude the influence of such behavior on the outcome of the memory task. Moreover, the effects of rapamycin pre-treatment during neonatal ethanol exposure on the content of amino-acids and amines essential for the proper development of cognitive function in the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus was evaluated using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) in male adult (PND 60) rats. Our results show the deleterious effect of ethanol given to neonatal rats on long-term recognition memory in adults. The effect was more pronounced in male rather than female rats. Rapamycin reversed this ethanol-induced memory impairment and normalized the levels of amino acids and amines in the DG. This suggests the involvement of mTORC1 in the deleterious effect of ethanol on the developing brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Lopatynska-Mazurek
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University, Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland; (M.L.-M.); (E.G.-T.)
| | - Anna Pankowska
- Department of Radiography, Medical University, Lublin, 20-081 Lublin, Poland; (A.P.); (R.P.)
| | - Ewa Gibula-Tarlowska
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University, Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland; (M.L.-M.); (E.G.-T.)
| | - Radoslaw Pietura
- Department of Radiography, Medical University, Lublin, 20-081 Lublin, Poland; (A.P.); (R.P.)
| | - Jolanta H. Kotlinska
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University, Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland; (M.L.-M.); (E.G.-T.)
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Menezes ACB, McCarthy KL, Kassetas CJ, Baumgaertner F, Kirsch JD, Dorsam S, Neville TL, Ward AK, Borowicz PP, Reynolds LP, Sedivec KK, Forcherio JC, Scott R, Caton JS, Dahlen CR. Vitamin and mineral supplementation and rate of gain during the first trimester of gestation affect concentrations of amino acids in maternal serum and allantoic fluid of beef heifers. J Anim Sci 2021; 99:6119706. [PMID: 33493276 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skab024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of feeding vitamin and mineral (VTM) supplement and (or) rate of gain (GAIN) during early gestation on amino acid (AA) concentrations in allantoic fluid (ALF) and amniotic fluid (AMF) and maternal serum. Seventy-two crossbred Angus heifers (initial BW = 359.5 ± 7.1 kg) were randomly assigned to one of four treatments in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with main effects of VTM supplement (VTM or NoVTM) and rate of gain (GAIN; low gain [LG], 0.28 kg/d, vs. moderate gain [MG], 0.79 kg/d). The VTM treatment (113 g•heifer-1•d-1, provided macro and trace minerals and vitamins A, D, and E to meet 110% of the requirements specified by the NASEM in Nutrient requirements of beef cattle. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi:10.17226/19014, 2016) was initiated 71 to 148 d before artificial insemination (AI). To complete the factorial arrangement of treatments, at breeding heifers were either maintained on the basal diet (LG), or received MG diet which was implemented by adding a protein/energy supplement to the LG diet. Thirty-five gestating heifers with female fetuses were ovariohysterectomized on d 83 of gestation and maternal serum, ALF, and AMF were collected. Samples were analyzed for concentrations of neutral AA: Ala, Asn, Cys, Gln, Gly, Ile, Leu, Met, Phe, Pro, Ser, Thr, Trp, Tyr, and Val; cationic AA: Arg, His, and Lys; and anionic AA: Asp and Glu. In serum, a VTM × GAIN interaction (P = 0.02) was observed for Glu, with greater concentrations for VTM-LG than VTM-MG. Concentrations of serum Cys, Met, and Trp were greater (P ≤ 0.03) for MG than LG. In ALF, concentrations of Glu were affected by a VTM × GAIN interaction, where VTM-MG was greater (P < 0.01) than all other treatments. Further, ALF from VTM had increased (P ≤ 0.05) concentrations of His, Asp, and 12 of the 14 neutral AA; whereas GAIN affected concentrations of Arg, Cys, and Asp, with greater concentrations (P ≤ 0.05) in MG heifers. In AMF, AA concentrations were not affected (P ≥ 0.10) by VTM, GAIN, or their interaction. In conclusion, increased concentrations of AA in maternal serum and ALF of beef heifers were observed at d 83 of gestation in response to VTM supplementation and rate of gain of 0.79 kg/d, which raises important questions regarding the mechanisms responsible for AA uptake and balance between the maternal circulation and fetal fluid compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Clara B Menezes
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Kacie L McCarthy
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Cierrah J Kassetas
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Friederike Baumgaertner
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - James D Kirsch
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Sheri Dorsam
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Tammi L Neville
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Alison K Ward
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Pawel P Borowicz
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Lawrence P Reynolds
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Kevin K Sedivec
- Central Grasslands Research Extension Center, North Dakota State University, Streeter, ND, USA
| | | | - Ronald Scott
- Purina Animal Nutrition LLC, Gray Summit, MO, USA
| | - Joel S Caton
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Carl R Dahlen
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
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Protective Effect of Osmundacetone against Neurological Cell Death Caused by Oxidative Glutamate Toxicity. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11020328. [PMID: 33671577 PMCID: PMC7926874 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is one of the main causes of brain cell death in neurological disorders. The use of natural antioxidants to maintain redox homeostasis contributes to alleviating neurodegeneration. Glutamate is an excitatory neurotransmitter that plays a critical role in many brain functions. However, excessive glutamate release induces excitotoxicity and oxidative stress, leading to programmed cell death. Our study aimed to evaluate the effect of osmundacetone (OAC), isolated from Elsholtzia ciliata (Thunb.) Hylander, against glutamate-induced oxidative toxicity in HT22 hippocampal cells. The effect of OAC treatment on excess reactive oxygen species (ROS), intracellular calcium levels, chromatin condensation, apoptosis, and the expression level of oxidative stress-related proteins was evaluated. OAC showed a neuroprotective effect against glutamate toxicity at a concentration of 2 μM. By diminishing the accumulation of ROS, as well as stimulating the expression of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), OAC triggered the self-defense mechanism in neuronal cells. The anti-apoptotic effect of OAC was demonstrated through its inhibition of chromatin condensation, calcium accumulation, and reduction of apoptotic cells. OAC significantly suppressed the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), including c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and p38 kinases. Thus, OAC could be a potential agent for supportive treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Dysregulated Provision of Oxidisable Substrates to the Mitochondria in ME/CFS Lymphoblasts. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22042046. [PMID: 33669532 PMCID: PMC7921983 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22042046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although understanding of the biomedical basis of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) is growing, the underlying pathological mechanisms remain uncertain. We recently reported a reduction in the proportion of basal oxygen consumption due to ATP synthesis by Complex V in ME/CFS patient-derived lymphoblast cell lines, suggesting mitochondrial respiratory inefficiency. This was accompanied by elevated respiratory capacity, elevated mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling activity and elevated expression of enzymes involved in the TCA cycle, fatty acid β-oxidation and mitochondrial transport. These and other observations led us to hypothesise the dysregulation of pathways providing the mitochondria with oxidisable substrates. In our current study, we aimed to revisit this hypothesis by applying a combination of whole-cell transcriptomics, proteomics and energy stress signaling activity measures using subsets of up to 34 ME/CFS and 31 healthy control lymphoblast cell lines from our growing library. While levels of glycolytic enzymes were unchanged in accordance with our previous observations of unaltered glycolytic rates, the whole-cell proteomes of ME/CFS lymphoblasts contained elevated levels of enzymes involved in the TCA cycle (p = 1.03 × 10−4), the pentose phosphate pathway (p = 0.034, G6PD p = 5.5 × 10−4), mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation (p = 9.2 × 10−3), and degradation of amino acids including glutamine/glutamate (GLS p = 0.034, GLUD1 p = 0.048, GOT2 p = 0.026), branched-chain amino acids (BCKDHA p = 0.028, BCKDHB p = 0.031) and essential amino acids (FAH p = 0.036, GCDH p = 0.006). The activity of the major cellular energy stress sensor, AMPK, was elevated but the increase did not reach statistical significance. The results suggest that ME/CFS metabolism is dysregulated such that alternatives to glycolysis are more heavily utilised than in controls to provide the mitochondria with oxidisable substrates.
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Menezes ACB, McCarthy KL, Kassetas CJ, Baumgaertner F, Kirsch JD, Dorsam S, Neville TL, Ward AK, Borowicz PP, Reynolds LP, Sedivec KK, Forcherio JC, Scott R, Caton JS, Dahlen CR. Vitamin and mineral supplementation and rate of gain during the first trimester of gestation affect concentrations of amino acids in maternal serum and allantoic fluid of beef heifers. J Anim Sci 2021. [PMID: 33493276 DOI: 10.17226/19014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of feeding vitamin and mineral (VTM) supplement and (or) rate of gain (GAIN) during early gestation on amino acid (AA) concentrations in allantoic fluid (ALF) and amniotic fluid (AMF) and maternal serum. Seventy-two crossbred Angus heifers (initial BW = 359.5 ± 7.1 kg) were randomly assigned to one of four treatments in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with main effects of VTM supplement (VTM or NoVTM) and rate of gain (GAIN; low gain [LG], 0.28 kg/d, vs. moderate gain [MG], 0.79 kg/d). The VTM treatment (113 g•heifer-1•d-1, provided macro and trace minerals and vitamins A, D, and E to meet 110% of the requirements specified by the NASEM in Nutrient requirements of beef cattle. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi:10.17226/19014, 2016) was initiated 71 to 148 d before artificial insemination (AI). To complete the factorial arrangement of treatments, at breeding heifers were either maintained on the basal diet (LG), or received MG diet which was implemented by adding a protein/energy supplement to the LG diet. Thirty-five gestating heifers with female fetuses were ovariohysterectomized on d 83 of gestation and maternal serum, ALF, and AMF were collected. Samples were analyzed for concentrations of neutral AA: Ala, Asn, Cys, Gln, Gly, Ile, Leu, Met, Phe, Pro, Ser, Thr, Trp, Tyr, and Val; cationic AA: Arg, His, and Lys; and anionic AA: Asp and Glu. In serum, a VTM × GAIN interaction (P = 0.02) was observed for Glu, with greater concentrations for VTM-LG than VTM-MG. Concentrations of serum Cys, Met, and Trp were greater (P ≤ 0.03) for MG than LG. In ALF, concentrations of Glu were affected by a VTM × GAIN interaction, where VTM-MG was greater (P < 0.01) than all other treatments. Further, ALF from VTM had increased (P ≤ 0.05) concentrations of His, Asp, and 12 of the 14 neutral AA; whereas GAIN affected concentrations of Arg, Cys, and Asp, with greater concentrations (P ≤ 0.05) in MG heifers. In AMF, AA concentrations were not affected (P ≥ 0.10) by VTM, GAIN, or their interaction. In conclusion, increased concentrations of AA in maternal serum and ALF of beef heifers were observed at d 83 of gestation in response to VTM supplementation and rate of gain of 0.79 kg/d, which raises important questions regarding the mechanisms responsible for AA uptake and balance between the maternal circulation and fetal fluid compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Clara B Menezes
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Kacie L McCarthy
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Cierrah J Kassetas
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Friederike Baumgaertner
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - James D Kirsch
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Sheri Dorsam
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Tammi L Neville
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Alison K Ward
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Pawel P Borowicz
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Lawrence P Reynolds
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Kevin K Sedivec
- Central Grasslands Research Extension Center, North Dakota State University, Streeter, ND, USA
| | | | - Ronald Scott
- Purina Animal Nutrition LLC, Gray Summit, MO, USA
| | - Joel S Caton
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Carl R Dahlen
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
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83
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Differential effects of sodium chloride and monosodium glutamate on kidney of adult and aging mice. Sci Rep 2021; 11:481. [PMID: 33436880 PMCID: PMC7804302 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80048-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Monosodium Glutamate (MSG) is used as flavour enhancer, with potential beneficial effects due to its nutritional value. Given the decline in kidney functions during aging, we investigated the impact of MSG voluntary intake on the kidney of male mice, aged 6 or 18 months. For 2 months, they freely consumed water (control group), sodium chloride (0.3% NaCl) or MSG (1% MSG) in addition to standard diet. Young animals consuming sodium chloride presented signs of proteinuria, hyperfiltration, enhanced expression and excretion of Aquaporin 2 and initial degenerative reactions suggestive of fibrosis, while MSG-consuming mice were similar to controls. In old mice, aging-related effects including proteinuria and increased renal corpuscle volume were observed in all groups. At an advanced age, MSG caused no adverse effects on the kidney compared to controls, despite the presence of a sodium moiety, similar to sodium chloride. These data show that prolonged MSG intake in mice has less impact on kidney compared to sodium chloride, that already in young animals induced some effects on kidney, possibly related to hypertension.
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84
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Porter L, Shoushtarizadeh A, Jelinek GA, Brown CR, Lim CK, de Livera AM, Jacobs KR, Weiland TJ. Metabolomic Biomarkers of Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:574133. [PMID: 33381517 PMCID: PMC7768024 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.574133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis, and the McDonald’s clinical criteria are currently utilized tools in diagnosing multiple sclerosis. However, a more conclusive, consistent, and efficient way of diagnosing multiple sclerosis (MS) is yet to be discovered. A potential biomarker, discovered using advances in high-throughput sequencing such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and other “Omics”-based techniques, may make diagnosis and prognosis more reliable resulting in a more personalized and targeted treatment regime and improved outcomes. The aim of this review was to systematically search the literature for potential biomarkers from any bodily fluid that could consistently and accurately diagnose MS and/or indicate disease progression. Methods A systematic literature review of EMBASE, PubMed (MEDLINE), The Cochrane Library, and CINAHL databases produced over a thousand potential studies. Inclusion criteria stated studies with potential biomarker outcomes for people with MS were to be included in the review. Studies were limited to those with human participants who had a clinically defined diagnosis of MS and published in English, with no limit placed on date of publication or the type of bodily fluid sampled. Results A total of 1,805 studies were recorded from the literature search. A total of 1,760 studies were removed based on their abstract, with a further 18 removed after considering the full text. A total of 30 studies were considered relevant and had their data retrieved and analyzed. Due to the heterogeneity of focus and results from the refined studies, a narrative synthesis was favored. Conclusion Several promising candidate biomarkers suitable for clinical application in MS have been studied. It is recommended follow-up studies with larger sample sizes be completed on several potential biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lachlan Porter
- Neuroepidemiology Unit, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC, Australia
| | - Alireza Shoushtarizadeh
- Neuroepidemiology Unit, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC, Australia
| | - George A Jelinek
- Neuroepidemiology Unit, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC, Australia
| | - Chelsea R Brown
- The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Chai K Lim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW, Australia
| | - Alysha M de Livera
- Neuroepidemiology Unit, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC, Australia
| | - Kelly R Jacobs
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW, Australia
| | - Tracey J Weiland
- Neuroepidemiology Unit, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC, Australia
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85
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Hu Y, Hu J, Li W, Gao Y, Tian Y. Changes of embryonic development, locomotor activity, and metabolomics in zebrafish co-exposed to chlorpyrifos and deltamethrin. J Appl Toxicol 2020; 41:1345-1356. [PMID: 33247449 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Organophosphates (OPs) and pyrethroids (PYRs) are extensively used pesticides and often occur in the form of mixture, whereas little was known about their joint toxicities. We aim to investigate the individual and joint effects of OPs and PYRs exposure on zebrafish embryo by employing chlorpyrifos (CPF) and deltamethrin (DM) as representatives. Zebrafish embryos at 2 hours post fertilization (hpf) were exposed to CPF (4.80, 39.06, and 78.13 μg/L), DM exposure (0.06, 1.60, and 3.19 μg/L), and CPF + DM (4.80 + 0.06, 39.06 + 1.60, and 78.13 + 3.19 μg/L) until 144 hpf. Embryonic development, locomotor activity, and metabolomic changes were recorded and examined. Results displayed that individual exposure to CPF and DM significantly increased the mortality and malformation rate of zebrafish embryos, but decreased hatching rate was only found in CPF + DM co-exposure groups (p < .05). Meanwhile, individual CPF exposure had no detrimental effect on locomotor activity, high dose of individual CPF exposure decreased the swimming speed but had adaptability to the conversion from dark to light, whereas high dose of CPF + DM co-exposure exhibited not only significant decline in swimming speed but also no adaptability to the repeated stimulations, suggesting deficit in learning and memory function. In metabolomic analysis, individual CPF exposure mainly influenced the metabolism of glycerophospholipids and amino acids, individual DM exposure mainly influenced glycerophospholipids, and CPF + DM co-exposure mainly influenced glycerophospholipids and amino acids. Taken together, our findings suggested the embryonic toxicities and neurobehavioral changes caused by CPF and/or DM exposure. The disorder metabolomics of glycerophospholipids and amino acids might be involved in the underlying mechanism of those toxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Hu
- Center for Biomedical Informatics, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingying Hu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weihua Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Gao
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Tian
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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86
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Johnson B, Brooks JC, Legako JF, Kim J, Vierck KR. Determination of Package and Muscle-Type Influence on Proteolysis, Beef-Flavor-Contributing Free Amino Acids, Final Beef Flavor, and Tenderness. MEAT AND MUSCLE BIOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.22175/mmb.10933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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87
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McIntyre KR, Vincent KMM, Hayward CE, Li X, Sibley CP, Desforges M, Greenwood SL, Dilworth MR. Human placental uptake of glutamine and glutamate is reduced in fetal growth restriction. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16197. [PMID: 33004923 PMCID: PMC7530652 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72930-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is a significant risk factor for stillbirth, neonatal complications and adulthood morbidity. Compared with those of appropriate weight for gestational age (AGA), FGR babies have smaller placentas with reduced activity of amino acid transporter systems A and L, thought to contribute to poor fetal growth. The amino acids glutamine and glutamate are essential for normal placental function and fetal development; whether transport of these is altered in FGR is unknown. We hypothesised that FGR is associated with reduced placental glutamine and glutamate transporter activity and expression, and propose the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway as a candidate mechanism. FGR infants [individualised birth weight ratio (IBR) < 5th centile] had lighter placentas, reduced initial rate uptake of 14C-glutamine and 14C-glutamate (per mg placental protein) but higher expression of key transporter proteins (glutamine: LAT1, LAT2, SNAT5, glutamate: EAAT1) versus AGA [IBR 20th-80th]. In further experiments, in vitro exposure to rapamycin inhibited placental glutamine and glutamate uptake (24 h, uncomplicated pregnancies) indicating a role of mTOR in regulating placental transport of these amino acids. These data support our hypothesis and suggest that abnormal glutamine and glutamate transporter activity is part of the spectrum of placental dysfunction in FGR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsty R McIntyre
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK. .,Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, St. Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK. .,School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Wolfson Medical School Building, University Avenue, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.
| | - Kirsty M M Vincent
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, St. Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Christina E Hayward
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, St. Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Xiaojia Li
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, St. Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Colin P Sibley
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, St. Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Michelle Desforges
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, St. Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Susan L Greenwood
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, St. Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Mark R Dilworth
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, St. Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
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88
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Zhou J, Xue Y, Liu Y, Li X, Tong Z, Li W. The effect of immunonutrition in patients with acute pancreatitis: a systematic review and meta‐analysis. J Hum Nutr Diet 2020; 34:429-439. [PMID: 33001472 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.12816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Zhou
- Surgical Intensive Care Unit (SICU) Department of General Surgery Jinling Hospital Medical School of Southeast University Nanjing China
- Department of Clinical Medicine School of Medicine Southeast University Nanjing China
| | - Y. Xue
- Department of Clinical Medicine School of Medicine Southeast University Nanjing China
| | - Y. Liu
- Surgical Intensive Care Unit (SICU) Department of General Surgery Jinling Hospital Medical School of Nanjing University Nanjing China
| | - X.K. Li
- Department of Clinical Medicine School of Medicine Southeast University Nanjing China
| | - Z.H. Tong
- Surgical Intensive Care Unit (SICU) Department of General Surgery Jinling Hospital Medical School of Nanjing University Nanjing China
| | - W.Q. Li
- Surgical Intensive Care Unit (SICU) Department of General Surgery Jinling Hospital Medical School of Southeast University Nanjing China
- Surgical Intensive Care Unit (SICU) Department of General Surgery Jinling Hospital Medical School of Nanjing University Nanjing China
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89
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Tarahomi M, Vaz FM, van Straalen JP, Schrauwen FAP, van Wely M, Hamer G, Repping S, Mastenbroek S. The composition of human preimplantation embryo culture media and their stability during storage and culture. Hum Reprod 2020; 34:1450-1461. [PMID: 31348827 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dez102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION What is the composition and stability during storage and culture of fifteen commercially available human preimplantation embryo culture media? SUMMARY ANSWER No two culture media had the same composition, and both storage and culture had an effect on the concentrations of multiple components. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY The choice of embryo culture medium not only affects the success rate of an IVF treatment, but also affects the health of the future child. Exact formulations of embryo culture media are often not disclosed by manufacturers. It is unknown whether the composition of these media changes during storage or culture in the IVF laboratory. Without details on the exact concentrations, it is not possible to determine which components might be responsible for the differences in IVF success rates and health of the resulting children. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Between October 2014 and October 2015, all complete human preimplantation embryo culture media, i.e. ready to use for IVF, that were commercially available at that time, were included (n = 15). Osmolality and the concentration of thirty seven components including basic elements, metabolites, immunoglobulins, albumin, proteins and 21 amino acids were tested immediately upon arrival into the IVF laboratory, after three days of culture without embryos (sham culture) starting from the day of arrival, just before the expiry date, and after three days of sham culture just before the expiry date. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Ions, glucose, immunoglobulins, albumin and the total amount of proteins were quantified using a combination of ion selective electrodes and photometric analysis modules, and lactate, pyruvate and 21 amino acids were analysed by ultra performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. Osmolality was analysed by an advanced micro-osmometer. Statistical analysis was done using multivariate general linear models. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE The composition varied between media, no two media had the same concentration of components. Storage led to significant changes in 17 of the 37 analyzed components (magnesium, chloride, phosphate, albumin, total amount of proteins, tyrosine, tryptophan, alanine, methionine, glycine, leucine, glutamine, asparagine, arginine, serine, proline, and threonine). Storage affected the osmolality in 3 of the 15 media, but for all media combined this effect was not significant (p = 0.08). Sham culture of the analyzed media had a significant effect on the concentrations of 13 of the 37 analyzed components (calcium, phosphate, albumin, total amount of proteins, tyrosine, alanine, methionine, glycine, leucine, asparagine, arginine, proline, and histidine). Sham culture significantly affected the osmolality of the analysed culture media. Two media contained 50% D-lactate, which a toxic dead-end metabolite. In a secondary analysis we detected human liver enzymes in more than half of the complete culture media. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION The analyzed culture media could contain components that are not among the 37 components that were analyzed in this study. The clinical relevance of the varying concentrations is yet to be determined. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS The presence of D-lactate could be avoided and the finding of human liver enzymes was surprising. The wide variation between culture media shows that the optimal composition is still unknown. This warrants further research as the importance of embryo culture media on the efficacy and safety in IVF is evident. Companies are urged to fully disclose the composition of their culture media, and provide clinical evidence supporting the composition or future changes thereof. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) None.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tarahomi
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development research institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - F M Vaz
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - J P van Straalen
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - F A P Schrauwen
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - M van Wely
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development research institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - G Hamer
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development research institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - S Repping
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development research institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - S Mastenbroek
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development research institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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90
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Tabassum S, Ahmad S, Madiha S, Shahzad S, Batool Z, Sadir S, Haider S. Free L-glutamate-induced modulation in oxidative and neurochemical profile contributes to enhancement in locomotor and memory performance in male rats. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11206. [PMID: 32641780 PMCID: PMC7343824 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68041-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutamate (Glu), the key excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, is considered essential for brain functioning and has a vital role in learning and memory formation. Earlier it was considered as a harmful agent but later found to be useful for many body functions. However, studies regarding the effects of free l-Glu administration on CNS function are limited. Therefore, current experiment is aimed to monitor the neurobiological effects of free l-Glu in male rats. l-Glu was orally administered to rats for 5-weeks and changes in behavioral performance were monitored. Thereafter, brain and hippocampus were collected for oxidative and neurochemical analysis. Results showed that chronic supplementation of free l-Glu enhanced locomotor performance and cognitive function of animals which may be attributed to the improved antioxidant status and cholinergic, monoaminergic and glutamatergic neurotransmission in brain and hippocampus. Current results showed that chronic supplementation of l-Glu affects the animal behaviour and brain functioning via improving the neurochemical and redox system of brain. Free l-Glu could be a useful therapeutic agent to combat neurological disturbances however this requires further targeted studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saiqa Tabassum
- Neurochemistry and Biochemical Neuropharmacology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan.,Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Life Science, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Institute of Science and Technology (Szabist), Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Saara Ahmad
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Syeda Madiha
- Neurochemistry and Biochemical Neuropharmacology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Sidrah Shahzad
- Neurochemistry and Biochemical Neuropharmacology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Zehra Batool
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Sadia Sadir
- Neurochemistry and Biochemical Neuropharmacology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Saida Haider
- Neurochemistry and Biochemical Neuropharmacology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan.
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91
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Antonelo D, Gómez JFM, Cônsolo NRB, Beline M, Colnago LA, Schilling W, Zhang X, Suman SP, Gerrard DE, Balieiro JC, Silva SL. Metabolites and Metabolic Pathways Correlated With Beef Tenderness. MEAT AND MUSCLE BIOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.22175/mmb.10854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolite profile has been used to understand the causes of variability in beef tenderness, but still little is known about how metabolites contribute to beef quality. Therefore, this study was carried out to evaluate how meat metabolites and their metabolic pathways correlate to variability in beef tenderness. Carcasses from 60 noncastrated male cattle were selected, and three 2.5-cm-thick longissimus thoracis steaks were obtained and aged (0°C to 4°C) for 7d. Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF) was performed (steak 1). Based on WBSF data, 2 tenderness classes (n = 30; 15 per class [tender and tough]) were created to perform sarcomere length (steak 2) and metabolom ic analysis (steak 3). Meat ultimate pH did not differ between tenderness classes. However, steaks classified as tender had greater sarcomere length (P = 0.019) than those classified as tough. Acetyl-carnitine (P = 0.026), adenine (P = 0.026), beta-alanine (P = 0.005), fumarate (P = 0.022), glutamine (P = 0.043), and valine (P = 0.030) concentration were higher in tender beef compared with tough beef. The 4 most important compounds differing between tender and tough beef were lactate, glucose, creatine, and glutamine, which may indicate that metabolic pathways such as D-glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism, beta-alanine metabolism, purine metabolism, and tricarboxylic acid cycle affected the tenderness classes. Beta-alanine (r = − 0.45), acetyl-carnitine (r = − 0.40), fumarate (r = − 0.38), valine (r = − 0.34), glucose (r = − 0.32), glutamine (r = − 0.31), and adenine (r = −0.31) were negatively correlated with WBSF values. Metabolite profile in tender beef indicated a greater oxidative metabolism, which promoted modifications in the muscle structure and proteolysis, favoring its tenderization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Wes Schilling
- Mississippi State University Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion
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Wen F, Liu S, Ma H, Tang G. Radiosynthesis of novel N- 18 F-labeled 18 F-FHex-α-l-Glu and 18 F-FHex-β-Glu. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2020; 63:222-230. [PMID: 32227528 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
N-18 F-labeled amino acids are important substitutes for new positron emission tomography (PET) imaging tracers complementing the deficiency of 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18 F-FDG). In this work, two novel N-6-18 F-alkyl amino acid imaging agents, 18 F-FHex-α-l-Glu and 18 F-FHex-β-Glu, were designed and synthesized as potential probes for PET imaging of tumors. 18 F-FHex-α-l-Glu was synthesized using the precursor 6 from 18 F-F- with the yield of 16 ± 4% (n = 5, uncorrected) within about 50 minutes. The specific activity was 14.5 GBq/μmol, and the radiochemical purity was more than 95%. 18 F-FHex-β-Glu was synthesized using the precursor 12 based on 18 F-F- with the yield of 11 ± 3% (n = 3, uncorrected) in about 60 minutes. The specific activity was 9.1 GBq/μmol, and the radiochemical purity was more than 95%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuhua Wen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Translational Application of Medical Radiopharmaceuticals, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaoyu Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Translational Application of Medical Radiopharmaceuticals, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of GuangZhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Ma
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Translational Application of Medical Radiopharmaceuticals, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ganghua Tang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Translational Application of Medical Radiopharmaceuticals, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Nanfang PET Center and Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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93
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Maharem TM, Emam MA, Said YA. Purification and characterization of l-glutaminase enzyme from camel liver: Enzymatic anticancer property. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 150:1213-1222. [PMID: 31743703 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.10.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
l-Glutaminase has gained an important attention as glutamine-depleting enzyme in treatment of various cancers. Therefore, this study aimed to purify, characterize and investigate antitumor activity of l-glutaminase from camel liver mitochondria (CL-Glu), since no available information about CL-Glu from camel. CL-Glu was purified using cell fractionation, ultrafiltration, DEAE-and CM-cellulose chromatography columns. The purified CL-Glu was a monomer with a molecular weight of 70 ± 3 kDa, isoelectric point of 7.2, optimum temperature of 70 °C and it was active over a broad pH range with a pH optimum at pH 8.0. Its activity had a clear dependence on phosphate ions. The studied enzyme showed sigmoidal kinetics, indicated its allosteric behavior with Km of 36 ± 4 mM and Hill coefficient of 1.5 which suggested a positive cooperatively of active sites. The purified l-glutaminase exerted antitumor activity against different cell lines with the highest cytotoxic activity against Hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (HepG-2) with an IC50 value of 152 µg/ml. In conclusion, l-glutaminase was purified from camel liver using simple methods and its unique properties such as stability at both wide pH range and at high temperature along with its relatively low molecular weight, facilitated its usage in medical applications as antitumor drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahany M Maharem
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Manal A Emam
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt.
| | - Youssef A Said
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
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94
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Parthimos TP, Schulpis KH, Loukas YL, Dotsikas Y. Increased blood concentrations of neurotransmission amino acids and modulation of specific enzyme activities after resistance and endurance exercise. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-020-00648-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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95
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Pfeiffer RL, Marc RE, Jones BW. Müller Cell Metabolic Signatures: Evolutionary Conservation and Disruption in Disease. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2020; 31:320-329. [PMID: 32187524 PMCID: PMC7188339 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2020.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Müller cells are glia that play important regulatory roles in retinal metabolism. These roles have been evolutionarily conserved across at least 300 million years. Müller cells have a tightly locked metabolic signature in the healthy retina, which rapidly degrades in response to insult and disease. This variation in metabolic signature occurs in a chaotic fashion, involving some central metabolic pathways. The cause of this divergence of Müller cells, from a single class with a unique metabolic signature to numerous separable metabolic classes, is currently unknown and illuminates potential alternative metabolic pathways that may be revealed in disease. Understanding the impacts of this heterogeneity on degenerate retinas and the implications for the metabolic support of surrounding neurons will be critical to long-term integration of retinal therapeutics for the restoration of visual perception following photoreceptor degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Pfeiffer
- Moran Eye Center, University of Utah Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, 65 Mario Capecchi Drive, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA. *
| | - Robert E Marc
- Moran Eye Center, University of Utah Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, 65 Mario Capecchi Drive, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA; Signature Immunologics, Torrey, UT, USA
| | - Bryan W Jones
- Moran Eye Center, University of Utah Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, 65 Mario Capecchi Drive, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA.
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96
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Li Q, Parikh H, Butterworth MD, Lernmark Å, Hagopian W, Rewers M, She JX, Toppari J, Ziegler AG, Akolkar B, Fiehn O, Fan S, Krischer JP. Longitudinal Metabolome-Wide Signals Prior to the Appearance of a First Islet Autoantibody in Children Participating in the TEDDY Study. Diabetes 2020; 69:465-476. [PMID: 32029481 PMCID: PMC7034190 DOI: 10.2337/db19-0756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Children at increased genetic risk for type 1 diabetes (T1D) after environmental exposures may develop pancreatic islet autoantibodies (IA) at a very young age. Metabolic profile changes over time may imply responses to exposures and signal development of the first IA. Our present research in The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) study aimed to identify metabolome-wide signals preceding the first IA against GAD (GADA-first) or against insulin (IAA-first). We profiled metabolomes by mass spectrometry from children's plasma at 3-month intervals after birth until appearance of the first IA. A trajectory analysis discovered each first IA preceded by reduced amino acid proline and branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), respectively. With independent time point analysis following birth, we discovered dehydroascorbic acid (DHAA) contributing to the risk of each first IA, and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABAs) associated with the first autoantibody against insulin (IAA-first). Methionine and alanine, compounds produced in BCAA metabolism and fatty acids, also preceded IA at different time points. Unsaturated triglycerides and phosphatidylethanolamines decreased in abundance before appearance of either autoantibody. Our findings suggest that IAA-first and GADA-first are heralded by different patterns of DHAA, GABA, multiple amino acids, and fatty acids, which may be important to primary prevention of T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- Health Informatics Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
| | - Hemang Parikh
- Health Informatics Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
| | - Martha D Butterworth
- Health Informatics Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
| | - Åke Lernmark
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University/CRC, Skåne University Hospital SUS, Malmo, Sweden
| | | | - Marian Rewers
- Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO
| | - Jin-Xiong She
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - Jorma Toppari
- Department of Pediatrics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Anette-G Ziegler
- Institute of Diabetes Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
- Forschergruppe Diabetes, Technical University of Munich, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
- Forschergruppe Diabetes e.V. at Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Beena Akolkar
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Oliver Fiehn
- Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Sili Fan
- Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Jeffrey P Krischer
- Health Informatics Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
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97
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Antonelo DS, Cônsolo NRB, Gómez JFM, Beline M, Goulart RS, Corte RRPS, Colnago LA, Schilling MW, Gerrard DE, Silva SL. Metabolite profile and consumer sensory acceptability of meat from lean Nellore and Angus × Nellore crossbreed cattle fed soybean oil. Food Res Int 2020; 132:109056. [PMID: 32331638 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Thirty each Nellore (NEL) and crossbred Angus × Nellore (AxN) were used to evaluate the effect of feeding soybean oil (SBO) and breed on meat sensory acceptability and its relation to muscle metabolite profiles. Cattle were fed for 133 d on two different diets: 1) basal feedlot diet (CON) and 2) CON diet with 3.5% added SBO. No interactions between diet and genetic group were detected for any traits measured. Meat from animals fed SBO diet had lower overall liking, flavor, tenderness and juiciness scores compared to meat from animals fed CON diet. The four most important compounds differing between animals fed CON and SBO diets were betaine, glycerol, fumarate, and carnosine, suggesting that metabolic pathways such as glycerolipid metabolism; glycine, serine and threonine metabolism; glutamine and glutamate metabolism; valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis; and alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism were affected by diets. Nellore beef had a higher overall liking and meat flavor scores than AxN beef. The four most important compounds differing between breeds were glycine, glucose, alanine, and carnosine, which may indicate that metabolic pathways such as glutathione metabolism; primary bile acid biosynthesis; alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism; and valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis were affected by genetic groups. Meat carnosine, inosine monophosphate, glutamate, betaine, glycerol and creatinine levels were correlated with sensory acceptability scores. Meat metabolite profiles and sensory acceptability were differentially impacted by diet and breed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel S Antonelo
- Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Duque de Caxias Norte 225, Pirassununga/SP 13635-900, Brazil.
| | - Nara R B Cônsolo
- Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Duque de Caxias Norte 225, Pirassununga/SP 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Juan F M Gómez
- Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Duque de Caxias Norte 225, Pirassununga/SP 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Mariane Beline
- Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Duque de Caxias Norte 225, Pirassununga/SP 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo S Goulart
- Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Duque de Caxias Norte 225, Pirassununga/SP 13635-900, Brazil
| | - R R P S Corte
- Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Duque de Caxias Norte 225, Pirassununga/SP 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Luiz A Colnago
- EMBRAPA Instrumentation, XV de Novembro 1452, São Carlos/SP 13560-970, Brazil
| | - M Wes Schilling
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University, MS 39762, United States
| | - David E Gerrard
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, 24061, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Saulo L Silva
- Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Duque de Caxias Norte 225, Pirassununga/SP 13635-900, Brazil; National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) Fellow, Brazil
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98
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Pan L, Han P, Ma S, Peng R, Wang C, Kong W, Cong L, Fu J, Zhang Z, Yu H, Wang Y, Jiang J. Abnormal metabolism of gut microbiota reveals the possible molecular mechanism of nephropathy induced by hyperuricemia. Acta Pharm Sin B 2020; 10:249-261. [PMID: 32082971 PMCID: PMC7016297 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2019.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The progression of hyperuricemia disease is often accompanied by damage to renal function. However, there are few studies on hyperuricemia nephropathy, especially its association with intestinal flora. This study combines metabolomics and gut microbiota diversity analysis to explore metabolic changes using a rat model as well as the changes in intestinal flora composition. The results showed that amino acid metabolism was disturbed with serine, glutamate and glutamine being downregulated whilst glycine, hydroxyproline and alanine being upregulated. The combined glycine, serine and glutamate could predict hyperuricemia nephropathy with an area under the curve of 1.00. Imbalanced intestinal flora was also observed. Flavobacterium, Myroides, Corynebacterium, Alcaligenaceae, Oligella and other conditional pathogens increased significantly in the model group, while Blautia and Roseburia, the short-chain fatty acid producing bacteria, declined greatly. At phylum, family and genus levels, disordered nitrogen circulation in gut microbiota was detected. In the model group, the uric acid decomposition pathway was enhanced with reinforced urea liver-intestine circulation. The results implied that the intestinal flora play a vital role in the pathogenesis of hyperuricemia nephropathy. Hence, modulation of gut microbiota or targeting at metabolic enzymes, i.e., urease, could assist the treatment and prevention of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libin Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Pei Han
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Shurong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Ran Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Can Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Weijia Kong
- Insitute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Lin Cong
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jie Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zhengwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Hang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Corresponding authors. Tel.: +86 10 63165238, Fax: +86 10 63165238; Tel.: +86 10 83160005, Fax: +86 10 63017757.
| | - Jiandong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Corresponding authors. Tel.: +86 10 63165238, Fax: +86 10 63165238; Tel.: +86 10 83160005, Fax: +86 10 63017757.
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99
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Maternal cigarette smoke exposure disturbs glutamate/GABA balance in pFRG of neonatal rats. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2020; 274:103383. [PMID: 31923590 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2020.103383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
We previously found that maternal cigarette smoke (CS) exposure resulted in impairment of central chemoreception and oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction of parafacial respiratory group (pFRG, a critical site for mammalian central chemoreception) in neonatal rats. The present work was carried out to identify if maternal CS exposure could disturb the glutamate (GLU)-ergic and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-ergic balance in pFRG of neonatal rats. We found that maternal CS exposure induced a decrease in GLU content and consequently in GLU/GABA ratio in pFRG of neonatal rats. Maternal CS exposure also decreased glutamine content and glutaminase and glutamine synthetase activity in offspring pFRG. In addition, expression of vesicular glutamate transporter 2 was depressed, and those of glutamate transporter 1 and GABA transporter 3 were elevated by maternal CS exposure. These results indicate that maternal CS exposure leads to a disturbance of GLU/GABA balance in pFRG of the neonatal rats, which might contribute to the suppression of central chemoreception in maternal CS-exposed offspring.
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100
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Chronic dietary supplementation with kynurenic acid, a neuroactive metabolite of tryptophan, decreased body weight without negative influence on densitometry and mandibular bone biomechanical endurance in young rats. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0226205. [PMID: 31809528 PMCID: PMC6897417 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Kynurenic acid (KYNA) is a neuroactive metabolite of tryptophan. KYNA naturally occurs in breast milk and its content increases with lactation, indicating the role of neonatal nutrition in general growth with long-term health effects. KYNA is also an antagonist of ionotropic glutamate receptors expressed in bone cells. The aim of this study was to establish the effects of chronic KYNA supplementation on bone homeostasis in young rats, using mandible as a model bone. Female and male newborn Wistar rats were divided into control and KYNA-administered groups until 60 days of age (25x101 mg/L or 25x102 mg/L in drinking water). Hemimandibles were subjected to densitometry, computed tomography analysis and mechanical testing. Rats supplemented with KYNA at both doses showed a decrease in body weight. There were no effects of KYNA administration and mandible histomorphometry. In males, a significant quadratic effect (P < 0.001) was observed in the densitometry of the hemimandible, where BMD increased in the group supplemented with 2.5x101 mg/L of KYNA. Analysis of mechanical tests data showed that when fracture forces were corrected for bone geometry and rats body weight the improvement of bone material properties was observed in male and female rats supplemented with lower dose of KYNA. This study showed that chronic supplementation with KYNA may limit weight gain in the young, without adversely affecting the development of the skeleton.
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