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Norheim KB, Le Hellard S, Nordmark G, Harboe E, Gøransson L, Brun JG, Wahren-Herlenius M, Jonsson R, Omdal R. A possible genetic association with chronic fatigue in primary Sjögren's syndrome: a candidate gene study. Rheumatol Int 2013; 34:191-7. [PMID: 23999819 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-013-2850-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Fatigue is prevalent and disabling in primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS). Results from studies in chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) indicate that genetic variation may influence fatigue. The aim of this study was to investigate single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) variations in pSS patients with high and low fatigue. A panel of 85 SNPs in 12 genes was selected based on previous studies in CFS. A total of 207 pSS patients and 376 healthy controls were genotyped. One-hundred and ninety-three patients and 70 SNPs in 11 genes were available for analysis after quality control. Patients were dichotomized based on fatigue visual analogue scale (VAS) scores, with VAS <50 denominated "low fatigue" (n = 53) and VAS ≥50 denominated "high fatigue" (n = 140). We detected signals of association with pSS for one SNP in SLC25A40 (unadjusted p = 0.007) and two SNPs in PKN1 (both p = 0.03) in our pSS case versus control analysis. The association with SLC25A40 was stronger when only pSS high fatigue patients were analysed versus controls (p = 0.002). One SNP in PKN1 displayed an association in the case-only analysis of pSS high fatigue versus pSS low fatigue (p = 0.005). This candidate gene study in pSS did reveal a trend for associations between genetic variation in candidate genes and fatigue. The results will need to be replicated. More research on genetic associations with fatigue is warranted, and future trials should include larger cohorts and multicentre collaborations with sharing of genetic material to increase the statistical power.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrine Brække Norheim
- Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Stavanger University Hospital, Pb. 8100 Forus, 4068, Stavanger, Norway,
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Kumar A, Vashist A, Kumar P, Kalonia H, Mishra J. Protective effect of HMG CoA reductase inhibitors against running wheel activity induced fatigue, anxiety like behavior, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in mice. Pharmacol Rep 2013; 64:1326-36. [PMID: 23406743 DOI: 10.1016/s1734-1140(12)70930-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2011] [Revised: 08/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic fatigue stress (CFS) is an important health problem with unknown causes and unsatisfactory prevention strategies, often characterized by long-lasting and debilitating fatigue, myalgia, impairment of neuro-cognitive functions along with other common symptoms. The present study has been designed to explore the protective effect of statins against running wheel activity induced fatigue anxiety. METHODS Male albino Laca mice (20-30 g) were subjected to swim stress induced fatigue in a running wheel activity apparatus. Atorvastatin (10, 20 mg/kg, po) and fluvastatin (5, 10 mg/kg, po) were administered daily for 21 days, one hour prior to the animals being subjected to running wheel activity test session of 6 min. Various behavioral tests (running wheel activity, locomotor activity and elevated plus maze test), biochemical parameters (lipid peroxidation, nitrite concentration, glutathione levels and catalase activity) and mitochondrial complex enzyme dysfunctions (complex I, II, III and IV) were subsequently assessed. RESULTS Animals exposed to 6 min test session on running wheel for 21 days showed a significant decrease in number of wheel rotations per 6 min indicating fatigue stress like behavior. Treatment with atorvastatin (10 and 20 mg/kg) and fluvastatin (10 mg/kg) for 21 days significantly improved the behavioral alterations [increased number of wheel rotations and locomotor activity, and anxiety like behavior (decreased number of entries and time spent in open arm)], oxidative defence and mitochondrial complex enzyme activities in brain. CONCLUSION Present study suggests the protective role of statins against chronic fatigue induced behavioral, biochemical and mitochondrial dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Kumar
- Pharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh-160014, India.
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Abdel-Rahman MA, Abdel-Nabi IM, El-Naggar MS, Abbas OA, Strong PN. Conus vexillum venom induces oxidative stress in Ehrlich's ascites carcinoma cells: an insight into the mechanism of induction. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2013; 19:10. [PMID: 23849458 PMCID: PMC3710111 DOI: 10.1186/1678-9199-19-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2012] [Accepted: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is estimated that venoms of marine cone snails (genus Conus) contain more than 100,000 different small peptides with a wide range of pharmacological and biological actions. Some of these peptides were developed into potential therapeutic agents and as molecular tools to understand biological functions of nervous and cardiovascular systems. In this study we examined the cytotoxic and anticancer properties of the marine vermivorous cone snail Conus vexillum (collected from Hurgada and Sharm El-Shaikh, Red Sea, Egypt) and suggest the possible mechanisms involved. The in vitro cytotoxic effects of Conus venom were assessed against Ehrlich's ascites carcinoma (EAC) cells. RESULTS Conus venom treatment resulted in concentration-dependent cytotoxicity as indicated by a lactate dehydrogenase leakage assay. Apoptotic effects were measured in vivo by measuring levels of reactive oxygen species and oxidative defense agents in albino mice injected with EAC cells. Conus venom (1.25 mg/kg) induced a significant increase (p < 0.05) in several oxidative stress biomarkers (lipid peroxidation, protein carbonyl content and reactive nitrogen intermediates) of EAC cells after 3, 6, 9 and 12 hours of venom injection. Conus venom significantly reduced (p < 0.05) the activities of oxidative defense enzymes (catalase and superoxide dismutase) as well as the total antioxidant capacity of EAC cells, as evidenced by lowered levels of reduced glutathione. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate the cytotoxic potential of C. vexillum venom by inducing oxidative stress mediated mechanisms in tumor cells and suggest that the venom contains novel molecules with potential anticancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ismail M Abdel-Nabi
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Madinah, KSA
| | - Mohamed S El-Naggar
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Osama A Abbas
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Sciences, Port Said University, Port Said, Egypt
| | - Peter N Strong
- Biomedical Research Center, Biosciences Division, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
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Abbi B, Natelson B. Is chronic fatigue syndrome the same illness as fibromyalgia: evaluating the 'single syndrome' hypothesis. QJM 2013; 106:3-9. [PMID: 22927538 PMCID: PMC3527744 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcs156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) and fibromyalgia (FM) are medically unexplained syndromes that can and often do co-occur. For this reason, some have posited that the two are part of the same somatic syndrome--examples of symptom amplification. This hypothesis would suggest that few differences exist between the two syndromes. To evaluate this interpretation, we have searched the literature for articles comparing CFS to FM, reviewing only those articles which report differences between the two. This review presents data showing differences across a number of parameters--implying that the underlying pathophysiology in CFS may differ from that of FM. We hope that our review encourages other groups to look for additional differences between CFS and FM. By continuing to preserve the unique illness definitions of the two syndromes, clinicians will be able to better identify, understand and provide treatment for these individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Abbi
- From the War Related Illness and Injury Study Center, DVA Medical Center, East Orange, NJ and Pain and Fatigue Study Center, Department of Pain Medicine and Palliative Care, Beth Israel Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - B.H. Natelson
- From the War Related Illness and Injury Study Center, DVA Medical Center, East Orange, NJ and Pain and Fatigue Study Center, Department of Pain Medicine and Palliative Care, Beth Israel Medical Center, New York, USA
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Shaki F, Hosseini MJ, Ghazi-Khansari M, Pourahmad J. Depleted uranium induces disruption of energy homeostasis and oxidative stress in isolated rat brain mitochondria. Metallomics 2013; 5:736-44. [DOI: 10.1039/c3mt00019b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Olausson P, Gerdle B, Ghafouri N, Larsson B, Ghafouri B. Identification of proteins from interstitium of trapezius muscle in women with chronic myalgia using microdialysis in combination with proteomics. PLoS One 2012; 7:e52560. [PMID: 23300707 PMCID: PMC3531451 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2012] [Accepted: 11/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Microdialysis (MD) of the trapezius muscle has been an attractive technique to investigating small molecules and metabolites in chronic musculoskeletal pain in human. Large biomolecules such as proteins also cross the dialysis membrane of the catheters. In this study we have applied in vivo MD in combination with two dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and mass spectrometry to identify proteins in the extracellular fluid of the trapezius muscle. Materials and Methods Dialysate from women with chronic trapezius myalgia (TM; n = 37), women with chronic wide spread pain (CWP; n = 18) and healthy controls (CON; n = 22) was collected from the trapezius muscle using a catheter with a cut-off point of 100 kDa. Proteins were separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and visualized by silver staining. Detected proteins were identified by nano liquid chromatography in combination with tandem mass spectrometry. Results Ninety-seven protein spots were identified from the interstitial fluid of the trapezius muscle; 48 proteins in TM and 30 proteins in CWP had concentrations at least two-fold higher or lower than in CON. The identified proteins pertain to several functional classes, e.g., proteins involved in inflammatory responses. Several of the identified proteins are known to be involved in processes of pain such as: creatine kinase, nerve growth factor, carbonic anhydrase, myoglobin, fatty acid binding protein and actin aortic smooth muscle. Conclusions In this study, by using in vivo microdialysis in combination with proteomics a large number of proteins in muscle interstitium have been identified. Several of the identified proteins were at least two-fold higher or lower in chronic pain patients. The applied techniques open up for the possibility of investigating protein changes associated with nociceptive processes of chronic myalgia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrik Olausson
- Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Linköping and Pain- and Rehabilitation Centre, County Council, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Björn Gerdle
- Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Linköping and Pain- and Rehabilitation Centre, County Council, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Nazdar Ghafouri
- Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Linköping and Pain- and Rehabilitation Centre, County Council, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Britt Larsson
- Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Linköping and Pain- and Rehabilitation Centre, County Council, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Bijar Ghafouri
- Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Linköping and Pain- and Rehabilitation Centre, County Council, Linköping, Sweden
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University and Centre of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, County Council, Linköping, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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Arnett SV, Clark IA. Inflammatory fatigue and sickness behaviour - lessons for the diagnosis and management of chronic fatigue syndrome. J Affect Disord 2012; 141:130-42. [PMID: 22578888 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2012.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2011] [Revised: 04/09/2012] [Accepted: 04/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Persistent and severe fatigue is a common part of the presentation of a diverse range of disease processes. There is a growing body of evidence indicating a common inflammatory pathophysiology underlying many conditions where fatigue is a primary patient concern, including chronic fatigue syndrome. This review explores current models of how inflammatory mediators act on the central nervous system to produce fatigue and sickness behaviour, and the commonality of these processes in conditions as diverse as surgical trauma, infection, various cancers, inflammatory bowel disease, connective tissue diseases and autoimmune diseases. We also discuss evidence indicating chronic fatigue syndrome may have important pathophysiological similarities with cytokine mediated sickness behaviour, and what lessons can be applied from sickness behaviour to chronic fatigue syndrome with regards to the diagnosis and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- S V Arnett
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Australia.
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Tomic S, Brkic S, Maric D, Mikic AN. Lipid and protein oxidation in female patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. Arch Med Sci 2012; 8:886-91. [PMID: 23185200 PMCID: PMC3506242 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2012.31620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2010] [Revised: 03/24/2011] [Accepted: 04/04/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is a widely recognized problem, characterized by prolonged, debilitating fatigue and a characteristic group of accompanying symptoms, that occurs four times more frequently in women than in men. The aim of the study was to determine the existence of oxidative stress and its possible consequences in female patients with CFS. MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty-four women aged 15-45 who fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for CFS with no comorbidities were recruited and were age matched to a control group of 19 healthy women. After conducting the routine laboratory tests, levels of the lipid oxidation product malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein oxidation protein carbonyl (CO) were determined. RESULTS The CFS group had higher levels of triglycerides (p = 0.03), MDA (p = 0.03) and CO (p = 0.002) and lower levels of HDL cholesterol (p = 0.001) than the control group. There were no significant differences in the levels of total protein, total cholesterol or LDL cholesterol. CONCLUSIONS The CFS group had an unfavorable lipid profile and signs of oxidative stress induced damage to lipids and proteins. These results might be indicative of early proatherogenic processes in this group of patients who are otherwise at low risk for atherosclerosis. Antioxidant treatment and life style changes are indicated for women with CFS, as well as closer observation in order to assess the degree of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slavica Tomic
- Clinic for Infectious Diseases, Clinical Center Vojvodina, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Snezana Brkic
- Clinic for Infectious Diseases, Clinical Center Vojvodina, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Daniela Maric
- Clinic for Infectious Diseases, Clinical Center Vojvodina, Novi Sad, Serbia
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Medow MS, Aggarwal A, Baugham I, Messer Z, Stewart JM. Modulation of the axon-reflex response to local heat by reactive oxygen species in subjects with chronic fatigue syndrome. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2012; 114:45-51. [PMID: 23139367 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00821.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Local cutaneous heating causes vasodilation as an initial first peak, a nadir, and increase to plateau. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) modulate the heat plateau in healthy controls. The initial peak, due to C-fiber nociceptor-mediated axon reflexes, is blunted with local anesthetics and may serve as a surrogate for the cutaneous response to peripheral heat. Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) subjects report increased perception of pain. To determine the role of ROS in this neurally mediated response, we evaluated changes in cutaneous blood flow from local heat in nine CFS subjects (16-22 yr) compared with eight healthy controls (18-26 yr). We heated skin to 42°C and measured local blood flow as a percentage of maximum cutaneous vascular conductance (%CVC(max)). Although CFS subjects had significantly lower baseline flow [8.75 ± 0.56 vs. 12.27 ± 1.07 (%CVC(max), CFS vs. control)], there were no differences between groups to local heat. We then remeasured this with apocynin to inhibit NADPH oxidase, allopurinol to inhibit xanthine oxidase, tempol to inhibit superoxide, and ebselen to reduce H(2)O(2). Apocynin significantly increased baseline blood flow (before heat, 14.91 ± 2.21 vs. 8.75 ± 1.66) and the first heat peak (69.33 ± 3.36 vs. 59.75 ± 2.75). Allopurinol and ebselen only enhanced the first heat peaks (71.55 ± 2.48 vs. 61.72 ± 2.01 and 76.55 ± 5.21 vs. 58.56 ± 3.66, respectively). Tempol had no effect on local heating. None of these agents changed the response to local heat in control subjects. Thus the response to heat may be altered by local levels of ROS, particularly H(2)O(2) in CFS subjects, and may be related to their hyperesthesia/hyperalgesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marvin S Medow
- Department of Pediatrics, New York Medical College and The Center for Pediatric Hypotension, Hawthorne, New York 10532, USA.
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Kumar A, Vashist A, Kumar P, Kalonia H, Mishra J. Potential role of licofelone, minocycline and their combination against chronic fatigue stress induced behavioral, biochemical and mitochondrial alterations in mice. Pharmacol Rep 2012; 64:1105-15. [DOI: 10.1016/s1734-1140(12)70907-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2011] [Revised: 06/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Jammes Y, Steinberg JG, Delliaux S. Chronic fatigue syndrome: acute infection and history of physical activity affect resting levels and response to exercise of plasma oxidant/antioxidant status and heat shock proteins. J Intern Med 2012; 272:74-84. [PMID: 22112145 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2796.2011.02488.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A history of high-level physical activity and/or acute infection might constitute stress factors affecting the plasma oxidant-antioxidant status and levels of heat shock proteins (HSPs) in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). DESIGN This case-control study compared data from 43 CFS patients to results from a matched control group of 23 healthy sedentary subjects. SETTING AND SUBJECTS Five patients had no relevant previous history (group I). Eighteen had practised high-level sport (group II), and severe acute infection had been diagnosed in nine patients (group III). A combination of sport practice and infection was noted in 11 patients (group IV). INTERVENTIONS After examination at rest, all subjects performed a maximal cycling exercise test. Plasma levels of two markers of oxidative stress [thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and reduced ascorbic acid (RAA)] and both HSP27 and HSP70 were measured. RESULTS At rest, compared with the control group, the TBARS level was higher in groups II, III and IV patients, and the RAA level was lower in groups III and IV. In addition, HSP70 levels were significantly lower in all CFS groups, compared with controls, but negative correlations were found between resting HSP27 and HSP70 levels and the history of physical activity. After exercise, the peak level of TBARS significantly increased in groups II, III and IV, and the variations in HSP27 and HSP70 were attenuated or suppressed, with the greatest effects in groups III and IV. CONCLUSION The presence of stress factors in the history of CFS patients is associated with severe oxidative stress and the suppression of protective HSP27 and HSP70 responses to exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Jammes
- UMR MD2 P2COE, Faculty of Medicine, Aix-Marseille University and Clinical Respiratory Physiology and Exercise Testing Laboratory, Thorax Pole, National Assistance - Hospitals in Marseille, Marseille, France.
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VanNess JM, Stevens SR, Bateman L, Stiles TL, Snell CR. Postexertional malaise in women with chronic fatigue syndrome. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2012; 19:239-44. [PMID: 20095909 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2009.1507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Postexertional malaise (PEM) is a defining characteristic of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) that remains a source of some controversy. The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of an exercise challenge on CFS symptoms from a patient perspective. METHODS This study included 25 female CFS patients and 23 age-matched sedentary controls. All participants underwent a maximal cardiopulmonary exercise test. Subjects completed a health and well-being survey (SF-36) 7 days postexercise. Subjects also provided, approximately 7 days after testing, written answers to open-ended questions pertaining to physical and cognitive responses to the test and length of recovery. SF-36 data were compared using multivariate analyses. Written questionnaire responses were used to determine recovery time as well as number and type of symptoms experienced. RESULTS Written questionnaires revealed that within 24 hours of the test, 85% of controls indicated full recovery, in contrast to 0 CFS patients. The remaining 15% of controls recovered within 48 hours of the test. In contrast, only 1 CFS patient recovered within 48 hours. Symptoms reported after the exercise test included fatigue, light-headedness, muscular/joint pain, cognitive dysfunction, headache, nausea, physical weakness, trembling/instability, insomnia, and sore throat/glands. A significant multivariate effect for the SF-36 responses (p < 0.001) indicated lower functioning among the CFS patients, which was most pronounced for items measuring physiological function. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggest that PEM is both a real and an incapacitating condition for women with CFS and that their responses to exercise are distinctively different from those of sedentary controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Mark VanNess
- Pacific Fatigue Laboratory, University of the Pacific, Stockton, California 95211, USA.
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Singh PK, Chopra K, Kuhad A, Kaur IP. Role of Lactobacillus acidophilus loaded floating beads in chronic fatigue syndrome: behavioral and biochemical evidences. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2012; 24:366-e170. [PMID: 22296294 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2982.2011.01861.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years the interface between neuropsychiatry and gastroenterology has converged in to a new discipline referred to as enteric neuroscience. Implications of brain-gut communication in the pathogenesis of psychiatric disorders indicate a possible role of suitably packaged/delivered probiotics as newer therapeutic options. In the present study probable role of per-oral administration of free Lactobacillus acidophilus (LAB) and LAB loaded alginate beads in attenuation of the symptoms associated with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) were evaluated. METHODS Chronic fatigue syndrome following physical fatigue was induced in rats by forcing them to swim (forced swim test; FST) in water till exhaustion, after weighing them down with 10% their body weight, daily for 28 days. Immobility (I) and postswim fatigue time (PSF) were taken as suitable markers. Free LAB and LAB loaded floating beads (FBs) were administered, from 21 to 28 days. KEY RESULTS Immobility and PSF were found to increase considerably in FST rats (665 ± 22 s and 196 ± 6 s) as compared with the naïve (32 ± 7 s and 22 ± 2 s) at 20 days, establishing severe fatigue like behavior. FST control group exhibited significant (P < 0.05) hypertrophy of spleen, hypotrophy of thymus, and increased oxido-nitrosative stress in brain and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels in serum. Treatment with LAB and LAB FBs significantly decreased I and PSF and attenuated (P < 0.05) oxido-nitrosative stress and TNF-α levels. Spleen and thymus were also restored to their original size in this group. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES The findings suggest a valuable therapeutic role of LAB especially when incorporated into alginate beads for the treatment of CFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- P K Singh
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
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Lipid Replacement and Antioxidant Nutritional Therapy for Restoring Mitochondrial Function and Reducing Fatigue in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and Other Fatiguing Illnesses. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1300/j092v13n01_06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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65
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Cordero MD, Alcocer-Gómez E, Cano-García FJ, De Miguel M, Carrión AM, Navas P, Sánchez Alcázar JA. Clinical symptoms in fibromyalgia are better associated to lipid peroxidation levels in blood mononuclear cells rather than in plasma. PLoS One 2011; 6:e26915. [PMID: 22046409 PMCID: PMC3203929 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0026915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2011] [Accepted: 10/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We examined lipid peroxidation (LPO) in blood mononuclear cells (BMCs) and plasma, as a marker of oxidative damage, and its association to clinical symptoms in Fibromyalgia (FM) patients. METHODS We conducted a case-control and correlational study comparing 65 patients and 45 healthy controls. Clinical parameters were evaluated using the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ), visual analogues scales (VAS), and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Oxidative stress was determined by measuring LPO in BMCs and plasma. RESULTS We found increased LPO levels in BMCs and plasma from FM patients as compared to normal control (P<0.001). A significant correlation between LPO in BMCs and clinical parameters was observed (r = 0.584, P<0.001 for VAS; r = 0.823, P<0.001 for FIQ total score; and r = 0.875, P<0.01 for depression in the BDI). We also found a positive correlation between LPO in plasma and clinical symptoms (r = 0.452, P<0.001 for VAS; r = 0.578, P<0.001 for FIQ total score; and r = 0.579, P<0.001 for depression in the BDI). Partial correlation analysis controlling for age and BMI, and sex, showed that both LPO in cells and plasma were independently associated to clinical symptoms. However, LPO in cells, but not LPO in plasma, was independently associated to clinical symptoms when controlling for depression (BDI scores). DISCUSSION The results of this study suggest a role for oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of fibromyalgia and that LPO in BMCs rather than LPO in plasma is better associated to clinical symptoms in FM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario D Cordero
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Sevilla, Spain.
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Cordero MD. Oxidative Stress in Fibromyalgia: Pathophysiology and Clinical Implications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reumae.2010.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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De Luca C, Raskovic D, Pacifico V, Thai JCS, Korkina L. The search for reliable biomarkers of disease in multiple chemical sensitivity and other environmental intolerances. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2011; 8:2770-97. [PMID: 21845158 PMCID: PMC3155329 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph8072770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2011] [Revised: 06/10/2011] [Accepted: 06/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Whilst facing a worldwide fast increase of food and environmental allergies, the medical community is also confronted with another inhomogeneous group of environment-associated disabling conditions, including multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS), fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue syndrome, electric hypersensitivity, amalgam disease and others. These share the features of poly-symptomatic multi-organ cutaneous and systemic manifestations, with postulated inherited/acquired impaired metabolism of chemical/physical/nutritional xenobiotics, triggering adverse reactions at exposure levels far below toxicologically-relevant values, often in the absence of clear-cut allergologic and/or immunologic involvement. Due to the lack of proven pathogenic mechanisms generating measurable disease biomarkers, these environmental hypersensitivities are generally ignored by sanitary and social systems, as psychogenic or "medically unexplained symptoms". The uncontrolled application of diagnostic and treatment protocols not corresponding to acceptable levels of validation, safety, and clinical efficacy, to a steadily increasing number of patients demanding assistance, occurs in many countries in the absence of evidence-based guidelines. Here we revise available information supporting the organic nature of these clinical conditions. Following intense research on gene polymorphisms of phase I/II detoxification enzyme genes, so far statistically inconclusive, epigenetic and metabolic factors are under investigation, in particular free radical/antioxidant homeostasis disturbances. The finding of relevant alterations of catalase, glutathione-transferase and peroxidase detoxifying activities significantly correlating with clinical manifestations of MCS, has recently registered some progress towards the identification of reliable biomarkers of disease onset, progression, and treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara De Luca
- Tissue Engineering & Skin Pathophysiology Laboratory and 2nd Dermatology Division, Dermatological Research Institute (IDI IRCCS), Via Monti di Creta 104, Rome 00167, Italy; E-Mails: (D.R.); (V.P.); (L.K.)
| | - Desanka Raskovic
- Tissue Engineering & Skin Pathophysiology Laboratory and 2nd Dermatology Division, Dermatological Research Institute (IDI IRCCS), Via Monti di Creta 104, Rome 00167, Italy; E-Mails: (D.R.); (V.P.); (L.K.)
| | - Valeria Pacifico
- Tissue Engineering & Skin Pathophysiology Laboratory and 2nd Dermatology Division, Dermatological Research Institute (IDI IRCCS), Via Monti di Creta 104, Rome 00167, Italy; E-Mails: (D.R.); (V.P.); (L.K.)
| | - Jeffrey Chung Sheun Thai
- Natural Health Farm, 39 Jalan Pengacara U1/48, Seksyen U1, Temasya Industrial Park, Shah Alam Selangor 40150, Malaysia; E-Mail:
| | - Liudmila Korkina
- Tissue Engineering & Skin Pathophysiology Laboratory and 2nd Dermatology Division, Dermatological Research Institute (IDI IRCCS), Via Monti di Creta 104, Rome 00167, Italy; E-Mails: (D.R.); (V.P.); (L.K.)
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Cordero MD. [Oxidative stress in fibromyalgia: pathophysiology and clinical implications]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 7:281-3. [PMID: 21925443 DOI: 10.1016/j.reuma.2010.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2010] [Revised: 12/13/2010] [Accepted: 12/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Pal A, Naika M, Khanum F, Bawa AS. In-vitro studies on the antioxidant assay profiling of Withania somnifera L. (Ashwagandha) Dunal root: Part 1. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.5530/pj.2011.20.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Davenport TE, Stevens SR, Baroni K, Van Ness M, Snell CR. Diagnostic accuracy of symptoms characterising chronic fatigue syndrome. Disabil Rehabil 2011; 33:1768-75. [PMID: 21208154 DOI: 10.3109/09638288.2010.546936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the diagnostic accuracy for single symptoms and clusters of symptoms to distinguish between individuals with and without chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). METHODS A cohort study was conducted in an exercise physiology laboratory in an academic setting. Thirty subjects participated in this study (n = 16 individuals with CFS; n = 14 non-disabled sedentary matched control subjects). An open-ended symptom questionnaire was administered 1 week following the second of two maximal cardiopulmonary exercise tests administered 24 h apart. RESULTS Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis was significant for failure to recover within 1 day (area under the curve = 0.864, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.706-1.00, p = 0.001) but not within 7 days. Clinimetric properties of failure to recover within 1 day to predict membership in the CFS cohort were sensitivity 0.80, specificity 0.93, positive predictive value 0.92, negative predictive value 0.81, positive likelihood ratio 11.4, and negative likelihood ratio 0.22. Fatigue demonstrated high sensitivity and modest specificity to distinguish between cohorts, while neuroendocrine dysfunction, immune dysfunction, pain, and sleep disturbance demonstrated high specificity and modest sensitivity. ROC analysis suggested cut-point of three associated symptoms (0.871, 95% CI: 0.717-1.00, p < 0.001). A significant binary logistic regression model (p < 0.001) revealed immune abnormalities, sleep disturbance and pain accurately classified 92% of individuals with CFS and 88% of control subjects. CONCLUSIONS A cluster of associated symptoms distinguishes between individuals with and without CFS. Fewer associated symptoms may be necessary to establish a diagnosis of CFS than currently described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd E Davenport
- Department of Physical Therapy, Thomas J. Long School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA 95211, USA.
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71
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Vermeulen RCW, Kurk RM, Visser FC, Sluiter W, Scholte HR. Patients with chronic fatigue syndrome performed worse than controls in a controlled repeated exercise study despite a normal oxidative phosphorylation capacity. J Transl Med 2010; 8:93. [PMID: 20937116 PMCID: PMC2964609 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-8-93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2010] [Accepted: 10/11/2010] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility that a decreased mitochondrial ATP synthesis causes muscular and mental fatigue and plays a role in the pathophysiology of the chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS/ME). Methods Female patients (n = 15) and controls (n = 15) performed a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) by cycling at a continuously increased work rate till maximal exertion. The CPET was repeated 24 h later. Before the tests, blood was taken for the isolation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), which were processed in a special way to preserve their oxidative phosphorylation, which was tested later in the presence of ADP and phosphate in permeabilized cells with glutamate, malate and malonate plus or minus the complex I inhibitor rotenone, and succinate with rotenone plus or minus the complex II inhibitor malonate in order to measure the ATP production via Complex I and II, respectively. Plasma CK was determined as a surrogate measure of a decreased oxidative phosphorylation in muscle, since the previous finding that in a group of patients with external ophthalmoplegia the oxygen consumption by isolated muscle mitochondria correlated negatively with plasma creatine kinase, 24 h after exercise. Results At both exercise tests the patients reached the anaerobic threshold and the maximal exercise at a much lower oxygen consumption than the controls and this worsened in the second test. This implies an increase of lactate, the product of anaerobic glycolysis, and a decrease of the mitochondrial ATP production in the patients. In the past this was also found in patients with defects in the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. However the oxidative phosphorylation in PBMC was similar in CFS/ME patients and controls. The plasma creatine kinase levels before and 24 h after exercise were low in patients and controls, suggesting normality of the muscular mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Conclusion The decrease in mitochondrial ATP synthesis in the CFS/ME patients is not caused by a defect in the enzyme complexes catalyzing oxidative phosphorylation, but in another factor. Trial registration Clinical trials registration number: NL16031.040.07
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruud C W Vermeulen
- CFS/ME and Pain Research Center Amsterdam, Waalstraat 25-31, 1078 BR Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Lipid replacement therapy: a nutraceutical approach for reducing cancer-associated fatigue and the adverse effects of cancer therapy while restoring mitochondrial function. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2010; 29:543-52. [DOI: 10.1007/s10555-010-9245-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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73
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Eligio P, Delia R, Valeria G. EBV Chronic Infections. Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis 2010; 2:e2010022. [PMID: 21415952 PMCID: PMC3033110 DOI: 10.4084/mjhid.2010.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2010] [Accepted: 08/09/2010] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The infection from Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) or virus of infectious mononucleosis, together with other herpes viruses' infections, represents a prototype of persistent viral infections characterized by the property of the latency. Although the reactivations of the latent infection are associated with the resumption of the viral replication and eventually with the "shedding", it is still not clear if this virus can determine chronic infectious diseases, more or less evolutive. These diseases could include some pathological conditions actually defined as "idiopathic"and characterized by the "viral persistence" as the more credible pathogenetic factor. Among the so-called idiopathic syndromes, the "chronic fatigue syndrome" (CFS) aroused a great interest around the eighties of the last century when, just for its relationship with EBV, it was called "chronic mononucleosis" or "chronic EBV infection".Today CFS, as defined in 1994 by the CDC of Atlanta (USA), really represents a multifactorial syndrome characterized by a chronic course, where reactivation and remission phases alternate, and by a good prognosis. The etiopathogenetic role of EBV is demonstrated only in a well-examined subgroup of patients, while in most of the remaining cases this role should be played by other infectious agents - able to remain in a latent or persistent way in the host - or even by not infectious agents (toxic, neuroendocrine, methabolic, etc.). However, the pathogenetic substrate of the different etiologic forms seems to be the same, much probably represented by the oxidative damage due to the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines as a response to the triggering event (infectious or not infectious).Anyway, recently the scientists turned their's attention to the genetic predisposition of the subjects affected by the syndrome, so that in the last years the genetic studies, together with those of molecular biology, received a great impulse. Thanks to both these studies it was possibile to confirm the etiologic links between the syndrome and EBV or other herpesviruses or other persistent infectious agents.The mechanisms of EBV latency have been carefully examined both because they represent the virus strategy to elude the response of the immune system of the host, and because they are correlated with those oncologic conditions associated to the viral persistence, particularly lymphomas and lymphoproliferative disorders. Just these malignancies, for which a pathogenetic role of EBV is clearly documented, should represent the main clinical expression of a first group of chronic EBV infections characterized by a natural history where the neoplastic event aroused from the viral persistence in the resting B cells for all the life, from the genetic predisposition of the host and from the oncogenic potentialities of the virus that chronically persists and incurs reactivations.Really, these oncological diseases should be considered more complications than chronic forms of the illness, as well as other malignancies for which a viral - or even infectious - etiology is well recognized. The chronic diseases, in fact, should be linked in a pathogenetic and temporal way to the acute infection, from whom start the natural history of the following disease. So, as for the chronic liver diseases from HBV and HCV, it was conied the acronym of CAEBV (Chronic Active EBV infection), distinguishing within these pathologies the more severe forms (SCAEBV) mostly reported in Far East and among children or adolescents. Probably only these forms have to be considered expressions of a chronic EBV infection "sensu scrictu", together with those forms of CFS where the etiopathogenetic and temporal link with the acute EBV infection is well documented. As for CFS, also for CAEBV the criteria for a case definition were defined, even on the basis of serological and virological findings. However, the lymphoproliferative disorders are excluded from these forms and mantain their nosographic (e.g. T or B cell or NK type lymphomas) and pathogenetic collocation, even when they occur within chronic forms of EBV infection. In the pathogenesis, near to the programs of latency of the virus, the genetic and environmental factors, independent from the real natural history of EBV infection, play a crucial role.Finally, it was realized a review of cases - not much numerous in literature - of chronic EBV infection associated to chronic liver and neurological diseases, where the modern techniques of molecular biology should be useful to obtain a more exact etiologic definition, not always possibile to reach in the past.The wide variety of clinical forms associated to the EBV chronic infection makes difficult the finding of a univocal pathogenetic link. There is no doubt, however, that a careful examination of the different clinical forms described in this review should be useful to open new horizons to the study of the persistent viral infections and the still not well cleared pathologies that they can induce in the human host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pizzigallo Eligio
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases – Department of Medicine and Aging – “G. D’Annunzio” University of Chieti (Italy)
| | - Racciatti Delia
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases – Department of Medicine and Aging – “G. D’Annunzio” University of Chieti (Italy)
| | - Gorgoretti Valeria
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases – Department of Medicine and Aging – “G. D’Annunzio” University of Chieti (Italy)
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Kumar A, Vashist A, Kumar P. Potential role of pioglitazone, caffeic acid and their combination against fatigue syndrome-induced behavioural, biochemical and mitochondrial alterations in mice. Inflammopharmacology 2010; 18:241-51. [DOI: 10.1007/s10787-010-0048-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2010] [Accepted: 06/04/2010] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Cordero MD, de Miguel M, Moreno-Fernández AM. [Mitochondrial dysfunction in fibromyalgia and its implication in the pathogenesis of disease]. Med Clin (Barc) 2010; 136:252-6. [PMID: 20417529 DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2010.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2009] [Revised: 01/26/2010] [Accepted: 01/28/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Fibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic pain syndrome with unknown etiology. Recent studies have shown evidence demonstrating that oxidative stress may have a role in the pathophysiology of FM, however it is still not clear whether oxidative stress is the cause or the effect of the abnormalities documented in FM. Furthermore, it is also controversial the role of mitochondria in the pathophysiology of FM, however signs associated with mitochondrial dysfunction have been observed in FM. Mitochondria are also known to be strong producers of ROS, so have been related with the pathogenic mechanism of numerous diseases including FM. To this respect, it has been observed antioxidants therapies might be beneficial to improve the mitochondrial performance. Therefore, the dysfunction mitochondrial opens a great field of therapeutic research, for what it should start considering in the clinical medicine the boarding of the FM by means of therapy with antioxidant and drugs related to the mitochondrial biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario David Cordero
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC y Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto Carlos III, Sevilla, España
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Conceptual model for physical therapist management of chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis. Phys Ther 2010; 90:602-14. [PMID: 20185614 DOI: 10.2522/ptj.20090047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Fatigue is one of the most common reasons why people consult health care providers. Chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME) is one cause of clinically debilitating fatigue. The underdiagnosis of CFS/ME, along with the spectrum of symptoms that represent multiple reasons for entry into physical therapy settings, places physical therapists in a unique position to identify this health condition and direct its appropriate management. The diagnosis and clinical correlates of CFS/ME are becoming better understood, although the optimal clinical management of this condition remains controversial. The 4 aims of this perspective article are: (1) to summarize the diagnosis of CFS/ME with the goal of promoting the optimal recognition of this condition by physical therapists; (2) to discuss aerobic system and cognitive deficits that may lead to the clinical presentation of CFS/ME; (3) to review the evidence for graded exercise with the goal of addressing limitations in body structures and functions, activity, and participation in people with CFS/ME; and (4) to present a conceptual model for the clinical management of CFS/ME by physical therapists.
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Kumar A, Kumari B, Kumar P. Protective effects of selective and non-selective cyclooxygenase inhibitors in an animal model of chronic stress. Neurosci Bull 2010; 26:17-27. [PMID: 20101269 PMCID: PMC5560377 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-010-0713-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2009] [Accepted: 11/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cyclooxygenase isoenzyme is known to be expressed in different regions of brain, and is mainly used for the treatment of pain and inflammation. Recently, it is proposed that cyclooxygenase isoenzyme may also play a key role in the pathophysiology of various brain-related disorders. The present study was aimed to explore the protective effect of cyclooxygenase inhibitors on stress by using an animal model of chronic stress. METHODS The animals were forced to swim individually for a period of 6 min every day for 15 d. Then, the behavior (locomotor activity, anxiety and memory) and biochemical (lipid peroxidation, nitrite level, reduced glutathione, and catalase) alterations were assessed. RESULTS Forced swimming for 15 d caused impaired locomotor activity, anxiety-like behavior and decreased percentage of memory retention, as compared to naive mice (without chronic fatigue treatment). Biochemical analysis revealed significant increases in lipid peroxidation and nitrite level, while levels of reduced glutathione and catalase activity were both decreased. Chronic treatment with naproxen (14 mg/kg, i.p.), rofecoxib (5 mg/kg, i.p.), meloxicam (5 mg/kg, i.p.), nimesulide (5 mg/kg, i.p.) and valdecoxib (10 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly attenuated these behavioral and biochemical (oxidative damage) alterations in chronic-stressed mice. CONCLUSION The cyclooxygenase inhibitors could be used in the management of chronic fatigue-like conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Kumar
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.
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Abstract
The reader may be eager to examine in which diseases ozonetherapy can be proficiently used and she/he will be amazed by the versatility of this complementary approach (Table 9 1). The fact that the medical applications are numerous exposes the ozonetherapist to medical derision because superficial observers or sarcastic sceptics consider ozonetherapy as the modern panacea. This seems so because ozone, like oxygen, is a molecule able to act simultaneously on several blood components with different functions but, as we shall discuss, ozonetherapy is not a panacea. The ozone messengers ROS and LOPs can act either locally or systemically in practically all cells of an organism. In contrast to the dogma that “ozone is always toxic”, three decades of clinical experience, although mostly acquired in private clinics in millions of patients, have shown that ozone can act as a disinfectant, an oxygen donor, an immunomodulator, a paradoxical inducer of antioxidant enzymes, a metabolic enhancer, an inducer of endothelial nitric oxide synthase and possibly an activator of stem cells with consequent neovascularization and tissue reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Velio Bocci
- Department of Physiology, University of Siena, via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
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Pietrangelo T, Mancinelli R, Toniolo L, Montanari G, Vecchiet J, Fanò G, Fulle S. Transcription profile analysis of vastus lateralis muscle from patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2009; 22:795-807. [PMID: 19822097 DOI: 10.1177/039463200902200326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is a disabling condition characterized by unexplained chronic fatigue that impairs normal activities. Many body systems are affected and etiology has not yet been identified. In addition to immunological and psychological aspects, skeletal muscle symptoms are prominent in CFS patients. In an effort to establish which pathways might be involved in the onset and development of muscle symptoms, we used global transcriptome analysis to identify genes that were differentially expressed in the vastus lateralis muscle of female and male CFS patients. We found that the expression of genes that play key roles in mitochondrial function and oxidative balance, including superoxide dismutase 2, were altered, as were genes involved in energy production, muscular trophism and fiber phenotype determination. Importantly, the expression of a gene encoding a component of the nicotinic cholinergic receptor binding site was reduced, suggesting impaired neuromuscular transmission. We argue that these major biological processes could be involved in and/or responsible for the muscle symptoms of CFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Pietrangelo
- Department of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences (BAMS), Center for Excellence on Aging (CeSI), University G. d'Annunzio Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
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Pietrangelo T, Toniolo L, Paoli A, Fulle S, Puglielli C, Fanò G, Reggiani C. Functional characterization of muscle fibres from patients with chronic fatigue syndrome: case-control study. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2009; 22:427-36. [PMID: 19505395 DOI: 10.1177/039463200902200219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is a disabling condition characterized by unexplained chronic fatigue that impairs normal activities. Although immunological and psychological aspects are present, symptoms related to skeletal muscles, such as muscle soreness, fatigability and increased lactate accumulation, are prominent in CFS patients. In this case-control study, the phenotype of the same biopsy samples was analyzed by determining i) fibre-type proportion using myosin isoforms as fibre type molecular marker and gel electrophoresis as a tool to separate and quantify myosin isoforms, and ii) contractile properties of manually dissected, chemically made permeable and calcium-activated single muscle fibres. The results showed that fibre-type proportion was significantly altered in CSF samples, which showed a shift from the slow- to the fast-twitch phenotype. Cross sectional area, force, maximum shortening velocity and calcium sensitivity were not significantly changed in single muscle fibres from CSF samples. Thus, the contractile properties of muscle fibres were preserved but their proportion was changed, with an increase in the more fatigue-prone, energetically expensive fast fibre type. Taken together, these results support the view that muscle tissue is directly involved in the pathogenesis of CSF and it might contribute to the early onset of fatigue typical of the skeletal muscles of CFS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Pietrangelo
- Dept. Basic and Applied Medical Sciences (BAMS), Center for Excellence on Ageing (CeSI), University - G. dAnnunzio- Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
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Belia S, Santilli F, Beccafico S, De Feudis L, Morabito C, Davì G, Fanò G, Mariggiò MA. Oxidative-induced membrane damage in diabetes lymphocytes: Effects on intracellular Ca2 + homeostasis. Free Radic Res 2009; 43:138-48. [DOI: 10.1080/10715760802629588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Belia
- Center of Excellence on Aging, G. D'Annunzio University Foundation, via Colle dell'Ara, I-66013, Chieti, Italy
| | - Francesca Santilli
- Center of Excellence on Aging, G. D'Annunzio University Foundation, via Colle dell'Ara, I-66013, Chieti, Italy
| | - Sara Beccafico
- Center of Excellence on Aging, G. D'Annunzio University Foundation, via Colle dell'Ara, I-66013, Chieti, Italy
- Department of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini, 29 66013, Chieti, Italy
| | - Lucrezia De Feudis
- Center of Excellence on Aging, G. D'Annunzio University Foundation, via Colle dell'Ara, I-66013, Chieti, Italy
| | - Caterina Morabito
- Center of Excellence on Aging, G. D'Annunzio University Foundation, via Colle dell'Ara, I-66013, Chieti, Italy
- Department of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini, 29 66013, Chieti, Italy
| | - Giovanni Davì
- Center of Excellence on Aging, G. D'Annunzio University Foundation, via Colle dell'Ara, I-66013, Chieti, Italy
| | - Giorgio Fanò
- Center of Excellence on Aging, G. D'Annunzio University Foundation, via Colle dell'Ara, I-66013, Chieti, Italy
- Department of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini, 29 66013, Chieti, Italy
| | - Maria A. Mariggiò
- Center of Excellence on Aging, G. D'Annunzio University Foundation, via Colle dell'Ara, I-66013, Chieti, Italy
- Department of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini, 29 66013, Chieti, Italy
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Sakudo A, Kato YH, Tajima S, Kuratsune H, Ikuta K. Visible and near-infrared spectral changes in the thumb of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. Clin Chim Acta 2009; 403:163-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2009.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2008] [Revised: 02/13/2009] [Accepted: 02/17/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Kumar A, Garg R. Protective effects of antidepressants against chronic fatigue syndrome - induced behavioral changes and biochemical alterations. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2009; 23:89-95. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-8206.2008.00638.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Skeletal muscle is a primary target of SOD1G93A-mediated toxicity. Cell Metab 2008; 8:425-36. [PMID: 19046573 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2008.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 382] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2008] [Revised: 08/04/2008] [Accepted: 09/09/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) is a critical player of the antioxidative defense whose activity is altered in several chronic diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. However, how oxidative insult affects muscle homeostasis remains unclear. This study addresses the role of oxidative stress on muscle homeostasis and function by the generation of a transgenic mouse model expressing a mutant SOD1 gene (SOD1(G93A)) selectively in skeletal muscle. Transgenic mice developed progressive muscle atrophy, associated with a significant reduction in muscle strength, alterations in the contractile apparatus, and mitochondrial dysfunction. The analysis of molecular pathways associated with muscle atrophy revealed that accumulation of oxidative stress served as signaling molecules to initiate autophagy, one of the major intracellular degradation mechanisms. These data demonstrate that skeletal muscle is a primary target of SOD1(G93A) -mediated toxicity and disclose the molecular mechanism whereby oxidative stress triggers muscle atrophy.
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Abstract
Since the first mitochondrial dysfunction was described in the 1960s, the medicine has advanced in its understanding the role mitochondria play in health and disease. Damage to mitochondria is now understood to play a role in the pathogenesis of a wide range of seemingly unrelated disorders such as schizophrenia, bipolar disease, dementia, Alzheimer's disease, epilepsy, migraine headaches, strokes, neuropathic pain, Parkinson's disease, ataxia, transient ischemic attack, cardiomyopathy, coronary artery disease, chronic fatigue syndrome, fibromyalgia, retinitis pigmentosa, diabetes, hepatitis C, and primary biliary cirrhosis. Medications have now emerged as a major cause of mitochondrial damage, which may explain many adverse effects. All classes of psychotropic drugs have been documented to damage mitochondria, as have stain medications, analgesics such as acetaminophen, and many others. While targeted nutrient therapies using antioxidants or their precursors (e. g., N-acetylcysteine) hold promise for improving mitochondrial function, there are large gaps in our knowledge. The most rational approach is to understand the mechanisms underlying mitochondrial damage for specific medications and attempt to counteract their deleterious effects with nutritional therapies. This article reviews our basic understanding of how mitochondria function and how medications damage mitochondria to create their occasionally fatal adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Neustadt
- Montana Integrative Medicine, Bozeman, MT 59718, USA.
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87
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Low-grade inflammation and arterial wave reflection in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. Clin Sci (Lond) 2008; 114:561-6. [PMID: 18031285 DOI: 10.1042/cs20070274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Some of the symptoms reported by people with CFS (chronic fatigue syndrome) are associated with various cardiovascular phenomena. Markers of cardiovascular risk, including inflammation and oxidative stress, have been demonstrated in some patients with CFS, but little is known about the relationship between these and prognostic indicators of cardiovascular risk in this patient group. In the present study, we investigated the relationship between inflammation and oxidative stress and augmentation index, a measure of arterial stiffness, in 41 well-characterized patients with CFS and in 30 healthy subjects. AIx@75 (augmentation index normalized for a heart rate of 75 beats/min) was significantly greater in patients with CFS than in control subjects (22.5+/-1.7 compared with 13.3+/-2.3% respectively; P=0.002). Patients with CFS also had significantly increased levels of CRP (C-reactive protein) (2.58+/-2.91 compared with 1.07+/-2.16 mug/ml respectively; P<0.01) and 8-iso-prostaglandin F(2alpha) isoprostanes (470.7+/-250.9 compared with 331.1+/-97.6 pg/ml respectively; P<0.005). In patients with CFS, AIx@75 correlated significantly with logCRP (r=0.507, P=0.001), isoprostanes (r=0.366, P=0.026), oxidized LDL (low-density lipoprotein) (r=0.333, P=0.039) and systolic blood pressure (r=0.371, P=0.017). In a stepwise multiple regression model, including systolic and diastolic blood pressure, body mass index, CRP, tumour necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1, oxidized LDL, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels, isoprostanes, age and gender, AIx@75 was independently associated with logCRP (beta=0.385, P=0.006), age (beta=0.363, P=0.022) and female gender (beta=0.302, P=0.03) in patients with CFS. The combination of increased arterial wave reflection, inflammation and oxidative stress may result in an increased risk of future cardiovascular events. Assessment of arterial wave reflection might be useful for determining cardiovascular risk in this patient group.
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88
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Specific correlations between muscle oxidative stress and chronic fatigue syndrome: a working hypothesis. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2008; 28:355-62. [PMID: 18274865 DOI: 10.1007/s10974-008-9128-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2007] [Accepted: 01/30/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is a relatively common disorder defined as a status of severe persistent disabling fatigue and subjective unwellness. While the biological basis of the pathology of this disease has recently been confirmed, its pathophysiology remains to be elucidated. Moreover, since the causes of CFS have not been identified, treatment programs are directed at symptom relief, with the ultimate goal of the patient regaining some level of pre-existing function and well-being. Several studies have examined whether CFS is associated with: (i) a range of infectious agents and or immune disturbance; (ii) specific changes of activity in the central or peripheral nervous systems; and (iii) elevated stress periods, which may be associated with the pathology via genetic mechanisms. The role of oxidative stress in CFS is an emerging focus of research due to evidence of its association with some pathological features of this syndrome. New data collectively support the presence of specific critical points in the muscle that are affected by free radicals and in view of these considerations, the possible role of skeletal muscle oxidative imbalance in the genesis of CFS is discussed.
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89
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90
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Reversing mitochondrial dysfunction, fatigue and the adverse effects of chemotherapy of metastatic disease by molecular replacement therapy. Clin Exp Metastasis 2007; 25:161-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s10585-007-9129-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2007] [Accepted: 11/15/2007] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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91
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Van Houdenhove B, Verheyen L, Pardaens K, Luyten P, Van Wambeke P. Rehabilitation of decreased motor performance in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome: should we treat low effort capacity or reduced effort tolerance? Clin Rehabil 2007; 21:1121-42. [DOI: 10.1177/0269215507080769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Aim: The aetiology, pathophysiology, diagnostic delineation and treatment of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) remain a matter of debate. Here some aspects of the debate are elucidated, with a particular focus on the patients' decreased motor performance.Hypothesis: The pathophysiological basis of decreased motor performance in CFS may, theoretically, involve three components: (1) a peripheral energetic deficit (impaired oxidative metabolism and/or physical deconditioning); (2) a central perceptual disturbance (higher effort sense or increased `interoception'); and (3) a fundamental failure of the neurobiological stress system, leading to an abnormal `sickness response'. It is proposed that the first two components may lead to low effort capacity, while the third component may lead to reduced effort tolerance. Although there is evidence for low effort capacity influencing symptoms and functional limitations in CFS, it is assumed that reduced effort tolerance might be the primary disturbance in CFS.Diagnostic implications: Distinguishing low effort capacity and reduced effort tolerance may contribute to a refinement of current diagnostic criteria of CFS and the identification of subgroups.Therapeutic implications: The above-mentioned distinction may make it possible to formulate a rationale for an effective implementation and adequate outcome evaluation of rehabilitation strategies in CFS.Research implications: This new heuristic framework may inform future research aimed at disentangling the complex determination of impaired motor performance in CFS, as well as studies aimed at customizing treatment to different subtypes of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - P. Luyten
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences
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92
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Shevchuk NA. Possible use of repeated cold stress for reducing fatigue in chronic fatigue syndrome: a hypothesis. Behav Brain Funct 2007; 3:55. [PMID: 17958903 PMCID: PMC2164952 DOI: 10.1186/1744-9081-3-55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2007] [Accepted: 10/24/2007] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physiological fatigue can be defined as a reduction in the force output and/or energy-generating capacity of skeletal muscle after exertion, which may manifest itself as an inability to continue exercise or usual activities at the same intensity. A typical example of a fatigue-related disorder is chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), a disabling condition of unknown etiology and with uncertain therapeutic options. Recent advances in elucidating pathophysiology of this disorder revealed hypofunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and that fatigue in CFS patients appears to be associated with reduced motor neurotransmission in the central nervous system (CNS) and to a smaller extent with increased fatigability of skeletal muscle. There is also some limited evidence that CFS patients may have excessive serotonergic activity in the brain and low opioid tone. PRESENTATION OF THE HYPOTHESIS This work hypothesizes that repeated cold stress may reduce fatigue in CFS because brief exposure to cold may transiently reverse some physiological changes associated with this illness. For example, exposure to cold can activate components of the reticular activating system such as raphe nuclei and locus ceruleus, which can result in activation of behavior and increased capacity of the CNS to recruit motoneurons. Cold stress has also been shown to reduce the level of serotonin in most regions of the brain (except brainstem), which would be consistent with reduced fatigue according to animal models of exercise-related fatigue. Finally, exposure to cold increases metabolic rate and transiently activates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis as evidenced by a temporary increase in the plasma levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone, beta-endorphin and a modest increase in cortisol. The increased opioid tone and high metabolic rate could diminish fatigue by reducing muscle pain and accelerating recovery of fatigued muscle, respectively. TESTING THE HYPOTHESIS To test the hypothesis, a treatment is proposed that consists of adapted cold showers (20 degrees Celsius, 3 minutes, preceded by a 5-minute gradual adaptation to make the procedure more comfortable) used twice daily. IMPLICATIONS OF THE HYPOTHESIS If testing supports the proposed hypothesis, this could advance our understanding of the mechanisms of fatigue in CFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolai A Shevchuk
- Molecular Radiobiology Section, the Department of Radiation Oncology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, 401 College St, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.
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93
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Nicolson GL. Metabolic syndrome and mitochondrial function: molecular replacement and antioxidant supplements to prevent membrane peroxidation and restore mitochondrial function. J Cell Biochem 2007; 100:1352-69. [PMID: 17243117 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.21247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome consists of a cluster of metabolic conditions, such as hypertriglyceridemia, hyper-low-density lipoproteins, hypo-high-density lipoproteins, insulin resistance, abnormal glucose tolerance and hypertension, that-in combination with genetic susceptibility and abdominal obesity-are risk factors for type 2 diabetes, vascular inflammation, atherosclerosis, and renal, liver and heart disease. One of the defects in metabolic syndrome and its associated diseases is excess cellular oxidative stress (mediated by reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, ROS/RNS) and oxidative damage to mitochondrial components, resulting in reduced efficiency of the electron transport chain. Recent evidence indicates that reduced mitochondrial function caused by ROS/RNS membrane oxidation is related to fatigue, a common complaint of MS patients. Lipid replacement therapy (LRT) administered as a nutritional supplement with antioxidants can prevent excess oxidative membrane damage, restore mitochondrial and other cellular membrane functions and reduce fatigue. Recent clinical trials have shown the benefit of LRT plus antioxidants in restoring mitochondrial electron transport function and reducing moderate to severe chronic fatigue. Thus LRT plus antioxidant supplements should be considered for metabolic syndrome patients who suffer to various degrees from fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garth L Nicolson
- Department of Molecular Pathology, The Institute for Molecular Medicine, Huntington Beach, California 92647, USA.
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94
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Indoor fattening of lambs raised on pasture: 2. Influence of stall finishing duration on triglyceride and phospholipid fatty acids in the longissimus thoracis muscle. Meat Sci 2007; 76:417-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2006.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2006] [Revised: 10/23/2006] [Accepted: 12/11/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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95
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Pieczenik SR, Neustadt J. Mitochondrial dysfunction and molecular pathways of disease. Exp Mol Pathol 2007; 83:84-92. [PMID: 17239370 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2006.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 412] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2006] [Accepted: 09/25/2006] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Since the first mitochondrial dysfunction was described in the 1960s, the medicine has advanced in its understanding the role mitochondria play in health, disease, and aging. A wide range of seemingly unrelated disorders, such as schizophrenia, bipolar disease, dementia, Alzheimer's disease, epilepsy, migraine headaches, strokes, neuropathic pain, Parkinson's disease, ataxia, transient ischemic attack, cardiomyopathy, coronary artery disease, chronic fatigue syndrome, fibromyalgia, retinitis pigmentosa, diabetes, hepatitis C, and primary biliary cirrhosis, have underlying pathophysiological mechanisms in common, namely reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, the accumulation of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage, resulting in mitochondrial dysfunction. Antioxidant therapies hold promise for improving mitochondrial performance. Physicians seeking systematic treatments for their patients might consider testing urinary organic acids to determine how best to treat them. If in the next 50 years advances in mitochondrial treatments match the immense increase in knowledge about mitochondrial function that has occurred in the last 50 years, mitochondrial diseases and dysfunction will largely be a medical triumph.
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96
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Kerkweg U, Schmitz D, de Groot H. Screening for the formation of reactive oxygen species and of NO in muscle tissue and remote organs upon mechanical trauma to the mouse hind limb. Eur Surg Res 2006; 38:83-9. [PMID: 16612092 DOI: 10.1159/000092609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2006] [Accepted: 02/20/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Until now, no systematic surveys exist in the literature on the early local and systemic generation of reactive oxygen species and of nitric oxide in response to muscle crush injury. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the formation of reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide in different tissues (injured and contralateral muscle, liver, kidney, spleen and blood) that is induced by closed muscle trauma. METHODS 5, 45 and 180 min after induction of blunt trauma to the mouse gastrocnemius muscle, animals were sacrificed, tissues harvested and homogenized, and analyzed for their content of glutathione, nitrate and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances. RESULTS The local formation of reactive oxygen species in the injured muscle started immediately upon induction of the mechanical trauma as indicated by changes in the glutathione redox balance. Liver and kidney did not show any response to trauma; however, a marked and immediate increase in the splenic nitrate content was detected, thus suggesting a specific nitric oxide-dependent response of splenic cells to injury. CONCLUSION We conclude that immediately after the induction of trauma a formation of reactive oxygen species takes place at the site of crush injury. This might constitute the basis of further damage to the injured tissue by free radical-dependent mechanisms. The immediate formation of nitric oxide within the spleen upon muscle crush appears to represent a specific signalling mechanism of the body in response to distant organ injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uta Kerkweg
- Institut fur Physiologische Chemie, Universitatsklinikum Essen, Essen, Deutschland
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97
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Rossignol O, Sebert P, Simon B. Effects of high-pressure acclimatization on silver eel (Anguilla anguilla, L.) slow muscle contraction. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2006; 143:234-8. [PMID: 16413804 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2005.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2005] [Revised: 11/24/2005] [Accepted: 11/26/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
As the spawning migration of the eel is supposed to correspond to a long swimming activity at depth, patterns of slow red muscle contraction have been investigated in European silver eel (Anguilla anguilla L.) exposed for 3 weeks to 10.1 MPa hydrostatic pressure. The results show that pressure-acclimated eels (male and female) show a three-fold decrease in maximum isometric stress of twitch and tetanic contractions while time to peak force, time from peak force to 90% relaxation and ratio of twitch tension to tetanic tension remain unchanged. The observed modifications in slow red muscle mechanical properties do not impede the spawning migration of the eel and are possibly partially compensated by an improvement in the efficiency of oxidative phosphorylation. Effects of changes in membrane fluidity are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orlane Rossignol
- Unité de Physiologie Comparée et intégrative (UCPI-EA 3879), Unité Haute Pression et Métabolisme, UFR Médecine, 22 avenue C. Desmoulins, 29238 Brest cedex, France
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98
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Tharakan B, Dhanasekaran M, Manyam BV. Antioxidant and DNA protecting properties of anti-fatigue herb Trichopus zeylanicus. Phytother Res 2006; 19:669-73. [PMID: 16177968 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.1725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Chronic fatigue is considered a complex symptom for which currently there is no curative treatment available. Oxidative stress plays an important role in the etiology of fatigue and antioxidant treatment might be a valuable therapeutic approach. The Kani, a tribal high altitude living population in southern India, traditionally use the seeds of Trichopus zeylanicus to combat fatigue. In this study, the antioxidant properties of Trichopus zeylanicus were established on free radicals (DPPH and ABTS), its ability to reduce iron, lipoxygenase activity and hydrogen peroxide-induced lipid peroxidation. The effects of Trichopus zeylanicus on reactive oxygen species induced plasmid DNA (pBR322) cleavage were also investigated. Trichopus zeylanicus significantly scavenged free radicals, reduced lipid peroxidation and inhibited lipoxygenase activity. Trichopus zeylanicus also exhibited iron-chelating activity and inhibited reactive oxygen species induced DNA damage. Trichopus zeylanicus contains NADH, polyphenols and sulfhydryl compounds, which have the ability to scavenge reactive oxygen species suggesting that the antioxidant activity may be an important mechanism of action of Trichopus zeylanicus to combat fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binu Tharakan
- Department of Neurology, Scott & White Clinic and Memorial Hospital, Scott, Sherwood and Brindley Foundation, Temple, TX 76508, USA
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99
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Nijs J, De Meirleir K. Nitric oxide and chronic fatigue syndrome: Are we caring for our patients or are we practicing selfcare? Med Hypotheses 2006; 66:449-50. [PMID: 16216438 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2005.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2005] [Accepted: 09/02/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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100
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Ozgocmen S, Ozyurt H, Sogut S, Akyol O. Current concepts in the pathophysiology of fibromyalgia: the potential role of oxidative stress and nitric oxide. Rheumatol Int 2005; 26:585-97. [PMID: 16328420 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-005-0078-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2005] [Accepted: 09/30/2005] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Fibromyalgia (FM) is a common chronic pain syndrome with an unknown etiology. Recent years added new information to our understanding of FM pathophysiology. Researches on genetics, biogenic amines, neurotransmitters, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis hormones, oxidative stress, and mechanisms of pain modulation, central sensitization, and autonomic functions in FM revealed various abnormalities indicating that multiple factors and mechanisms are involved in the pathogenesis of FM. Oxidative stress and nitric oxide may play an important role in FM pathophysiology, however it is still not clear whether oxidative stress abnormalities documented in FM are the cause or the effect. This should encourage further researches evaluating the potential role of oxidative stress and nitric oxide in the pathophysiology of FM and the efficacy of antioxidant treatments (omega-3 and -6 fatty acids, vitamins and others) in double blind and placebo controlled trials. These future researches will enhance our understanding of the complex pathophysiology of this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salih Ozgocmen
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Firat University, 23119 Elazig, Turkey.
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