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Bae K, Jin W, Thuong PT, Min BS, Na M, Lee YM, Kang SS. A new flavonoid glycoside from the leaf of Cephalotaxus koreana. Fitoterapia 2007; 78:409-13. [PMID: 17616262 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2007.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2006] [Accepted: 02/23/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A new flavone glycoside, apigenin 5-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->3)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (1), along with four known flavonol glycosides (2-5), were isolated from the leaf of Cephalotaxus koreana. The new glycoside 1 showed inhibitory activity in superoxide radical scavenging assay with IC(50) value of 13.0 microM, while it showed weak activity in 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay. Compounds 2-5 exhibited antioxidant activity in scavenging DPPH and superoxide radicals with IC(50) values ranging from 5.7 to 22.3 microM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kihwan Bae
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea.
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52
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Jayasinghe ULB, Samarakoon TB, Kumarihamy BMM, Hara N, Fujimoto Y. Four new prenylated flavonoids and xanthones from the root bark of Artocarpus nobilis. Fitoterapia 2007; 79:37-41. [PMID: 17855020 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2007.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2006] [Accepted: 07/17/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Chemical investigation of the n-butanol extract from the methanol extract of the root bark of Artocarpus nobilis furnished four new prenylated flavonoids together with artonin E 2'-methylether (4), isoartonin E 2'-methylether (5), dihydroisoartonin E 2'-methylether (6), artonin V 2'-methylether (7), artobiloxanthone (1), artonin E (2) and cycloartobiloxanthone (3). All these compounds showed strong radical scavenging properties towards DPPH radical.
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Affiliation(s)
- U L B Jayasinghe
- Institute of Fundamental Studies, Hantana Road, Kandy, Sri Lanka. ,
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53
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Jin W, Thuong PT, Su ND, Min BS, Son KH, Chang HW, Kim HP, Kang SS, Sok DE, Bae K. Antioxidant activity of cleomiscosins A and C isolated fromAcer okamotoanum. Arch Pharm Res 2007; 30:275-81. [PMID: 17424931 DOI: 10.1007/bf02977606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Phytochemical investigation of Acer okamotoanum leaf and twig led to the isolation of two coumarinolignans, cleomiscosin A (1) and cleomiscosin C (2). Here, we found that 2 dose-dependently inhibits LDL oxidation mediated by either catalytic copper ions (Cu2+) or free radicals generated with the azo compound 2,2'-azobis-(2-amidinopropane)dihydro-chloride (AAPH) with IC50s of 29.5 and 11.9 microM, respectively. By electrophoretic analysis, we also observed that 2 protects apolipoprotein B-100 (apoB-100) against Cu2+-induced fragmentation (65.3% inhibition at 5 microM). Furthermore, fluorescence analyses clearly indicated that both 1 and 2 protect against the oxidative modification of apoB-100 induced by either Cu2+ or HOCl (1, IC50s of 13.4 and 8.1 microM, respectively; 2, IC50s of 23.6 and 3.9 microM, respectively). These findings suggest that 1 and 2 could be beneficial in preventing LDL oxidation in atherosclerotic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- WenYi Jin
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
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54
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Ardestani A, Yazdanparast R. Antioxidant and free radical scavenging potential of Achillea santolina extracts. Food Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2006.10.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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55
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Kaplan M, Mutlu EA, Benson M, Fields JZ, Banan A, Keshavarzian A. Use of herbal preparations in the treatment of oxidant-mediated inflammatory disorders. Complement Ther Med 2006; 15:207-16. [PMID: 17709066 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2006.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2005] [Accepted: 06/14/2006] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use has increased in popularity in recent years and herbal therapy alone is now a billion dollar market. For centuries herbs have been used as food and for medicinal purposes. Various herbs have been identified as possessing anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties, and they are currently being used to treat inflammatory disorders as well as those caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Asthma, Alzheimer's disease, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and atherogenesis are all disorders where inflammation and ROS are involved in their pathogenesis. This review examines the pathogenesis of the above mentioned ROS-mediated inflammatory disorders, as well as discusses the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms of various herbs and the clinical trials where herbs have been used to treat these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell Kaplan
- Rush University Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, 1725 West Harrison Street, Suite 206, Chicago, IL 60612-3824, United States.
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56
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Toda S, Shirataki Y. Antioxidant Effects on Lipid Peroxidation by Superoxide of Echinoisoflavanone and Sophoraisoflavanone D from Sophora Chrysophylla Seem. Nat Prod Commun 2006. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x0600100709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The possible antioxidant effect of two isoflavanones, echinoisoflavanone and sophoraisoflavanone D from Sophora chrysophylla Seem. was investigated. Both these compounds inhibited the superoxide anion-mediated lipid peroxidation of lecithin and scavenged superoxide anion generated by the xanthine-xanthine oxidase system. These results indicated the impressive antioxidant property of these two compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizuo Toda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Kansai College of Oriental Medicine, Kumatori, Wakaba 2-11-1, Osaka 590-0482, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Shirataki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Josai University, 1-1, Keyakidai Sakado, Saitama 350-0295, Japan
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57
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Mula S, Patro BS, Kalena GP, Chattopadhyay S. Novel Synthesis of Prenylated Phenols and Their Antioxidant Properties. Nat Prod Commun 2006. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x0600100209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel method for the prenylation of phenols has been developed using 2-methyl-but-3-ene-2-ol as the prenylating agent in the presence of Amberlyst 15. The prenylated catechols and quinols showed better antioxidant activity than the corresponding non-prenylated compounds in the in vitro DPPH and lipid peroxidation assay. The resorcinol derivatives did not show significant antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumyaditya Mula
- Bio-Organic Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400 085, India
| | - Birija S. Patro
- Bio-Organic Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400 085, India
| | - Govind P. Kalena
- Bio-Organic Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400 085, India
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58
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Arung ET, Shimizu K, Kondo R. Inhibitory Effect of Artocarpanone from Artocarpus heterophyllus on Melanin Biosynthesis. Biol Pharm Bull 2006; 29:1966-9. [PMID: 16946519 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.29.1966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In our previous efforts to find new tyrosinase inhibitory materials, we investigated 44 Indonesian medicinal plants belonging to 24 families. Among those plants, the extract of Artocarpus heterophyllus was one of the strongest inhibitors of tyrosinase activity. By activity-guided fractionation of A. heterophyllus wood extract, we isolated artocarpanone, which inhibited both mushroom tyrosinase activity and melanin production in B16 melanoma cells. This compound is a strong candidate as a remedy for hyperpigmentation in human skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enos Tangke Arung
- Department of Forest and Forest Products Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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59
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Li JW, Ding SD, Ding XL. Comparison of antioxidant capacities of extracts from five cultivars of Chinese jujube. Process Biochem 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2005.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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61
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Dufall KG, Ngadjui BT, Simeon KF, Abegaz BM, Croft KD. Antioxidant activity of prenylated flavonoids from the West African medicinal plant Dorstenia mannii. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2003; 87:67-72. [PMID: 12787956 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-8741(03)00108-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The antioxidant activities of three prenylated flavonoids from Dorstenia mannii (6,8-diprenyleriodictyol, dorsmanin C and dorsmanin F) were compared to the common, non-prenylated flavonoid, quercetin. The prenylated flavonoids were found to be potent scavengers of the stable free radical 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and are more potent than butylated hydroxy toluene (BHT), a common antioxidant used as a food additive. The prenylated flavonoids also inhibited Cu(2+)-mediated oxidation of human low density lipoprotein (LDL). Dose-response studies indicated that the prenylated flavonoids were effective inhibitors of lipoprotein oxidation with IC50 values <1 microM and had similar inhibitory potency compared to quercetin, but was not directly related to Cu binding. Unlike quercetin, they did not show any pro-oxidant activity at high doses in the Cu(2+)-mediated lipoprotein oxidation system. The medicinal action of Dorstenia mannii may be related to the high concentration of potent antioxidant prenylated flavonoids in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- K G Dufall
- Department of Medicine, University of Western Australia, P.O. Box X2213 GPO, Perth 6847, Australia
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63
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Seo EK, Lee D, Shin YG, Chai HB, Navarro HA, Kardono LBS, Rahman I, Cordell GA, Farnsworth NR, Pezzuto JM, Kinghorn AD, Wani MC, Wall ME. Bioactive prenylated flavonoids from the stem bark of Artocarpus kemando. Arch Pharm Res 2003; 26:124-7. [PMID: 12643587 DOI: 10.1007/bf02976656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Four known prenylated flavonoids, artonins E (1) and O (2), artobiloxanthone (3), and cycloartobiloxanthone (4), were isolated from the stem bark of Artocarpus kemando by bioassay-guided fractionation using the DNA strand-scission and the KB cytotoxicity assays as monitors. Compounds 1 and 3 exhibited strong DNA strand-scission activity, and all four compounds were found to be cytotoxic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Kyoung Seo
- Chemistry and Life Sciences, Research Triangle Institute, PO Box 12194, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
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64
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The Chemistry and Pharmacology of the Genus Dorstenia (Moraceae). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s1572-5995(03)80018-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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65
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Cheng Z, Ren J, Li Y, Chang W, Chen Z. Study on the multiple mechanisms underlying the reaction between hydroxyl radical and phenolic compounds by qualitative structure and activity relationship. Bioorg Med Chem 2002; 10:4067-73. [PMID: 12413860 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(02)00267-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The activity-structure relationships (ASR) of phenolic compounds as hydroxyl-radical scavengers have mostly been studied and discussed with regard to their iron-chelating and hydrogen-donation properties in Fenton-type system, but extensive elucidation of multiple mechanisms underlying the hydroxyl radical scavenging reaction is out of obtaining up to now. In the present paper, a series of phenolic compounds was studied for their reactivity with hydroxyl radical by computed chemistry and deoxyribose degradation assay. The rate constant (K(S)), an index dependent markedly on the reaction mechanism and intrinsic reactivity of antioxidants, was found to have good correlation with hydroxyl O-H bond strength (DeltaH(f)), electron-donating ability (ionization potential approximated by HOMO energy level), enthalpy of single electron transfer (E(a)), and spin distribution of phenoxyl radicals (Ds(r)) after H-abstraction. Moreover, the theoretical parameters were highly intercorrelated, suggesting that multiple mechanisms co-exist in the hydroxyl-radical-scavenging reaction and interact with each other. Multi-linear regression analysis indicated that, in addition to H-atom transfer, electron transfer process and stability of the resulted phenoxyl radicals also significantly influence the reactivity of quenching hydroxyl radicals. The QSAR model so established here was based on the elucidation of the complex molecular mechanisms, and may reasonably predict the antioxidant activity using simple experimental and calculated parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Cheng
- The Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Molecular Engineering and Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
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66
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Hantke B, Lahmann C, Venzke K, Fischer T, Kocourek A, Windsor LJ, Bergemann J, Stäb F, Tschesche H. Influence of flavonoids and vitamins on the MMP- and TIMP-expression of human dermal fibroblasts after UVA irradiation. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2002; 1:826-33. [PMID: 12656486 DOI: 10.1039/b207731k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
UV irradiation leads to distinct changes in skin connective tissue by degradation of collagen, for example. Many of these alterations in the extracellular matrix are mediated by MMPs (matrix metalloproteinases) with reduced content of their antagonist TIMPs (tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases). Potential candidates to reduce MMP activity in the skin after solar stimulation were examined. The influence of vitamin C, vitamin E and the flavonoids AGR (alpha-glucosylrutin) and 8-prenylnaringenine on the MMP and TIMP expression was investigated. Human dermal fibroblasts were incubated with these additives and irradiated with UVA [10 J cm(-2)]. The gene expression of MMP-1 (collagenase-1) and TIMP-1, the protein expression of MMP-1, MMP-2 (gelatinase-A), TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 as well as the enzyme activity of MMP-1 and MMP-2 were examined. AGR and vitamins C and E were shown to reduce MMP expression and activity, whereas 8-prenylnaringenine appeared to be responsible for the opposite effect. None of the substances considerably influenced the TIMP levels. AGR represented the most effective additive in reducing the collagenase protein expression to 60% and may be useful to level out the MMP activity in the skin after sun exposure. Furthermore, no protein expression of MMP-8, MMP-9, MMP-12 and MMP-13 could be detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Hantke
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry I, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
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67
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Toda S, Shirataki Y. Inhibitory effects of echinoisoflavanone and sophoraisoflavanone D in Sophora chrysophylla SEEM on copper ion-induced protein oxidative modification of mouse brain homogenate in vitro. Phytother Res 2002; 16:309-11. [PMID: 12112283 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
We present the results of an in vitro investigation of the inhibitory effects of echinoisoflavanone and sophoraisoflavanone D isolated from Sophora chrysophylla SEEM on copper-induced protein oxidative modification of mouse brain homogenate in vitro. They inhibited copper-induced protein oxidative modification. The order of inhibitory effects of these isoflavanones and mannitol as a hydroxyl radical scavenger was sophoraisoflavanone D > mannitol > echinoisoflavanone. The results suggest that these natural products may be of use in cases where oxidative stress is present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizuo Toda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Kansai College of Oriental Medicine, 2-11-1 Wakaba, Kumatori, Sen-nan, Osaka 590-0482, Japan
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68
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Mosca L, Marcellini S, Perluigi M, Mastroiacovo P, Moretti S, Famularo G, Peluso I, Santini G, De Simone C. Modulation of apoptosis and improved redox metabolism with the use of a new antioxidant formula. Biochem Pharmacol 2002; 63:1305-14. [PMID: 11960607 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-2952(02)00867-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is involved in the pathogenesis of a wide spectrum of diseases, implicating that strategies directed at counterbalancing oxidative processes could have a role in clinical medicine. There is also an evidence that oxidative stress acts as a major determinant of apoptotic cell death. Many studies have reported favourable effects of antioxidant formulas on several parameters of the oxidant-antioxidant balance, but none of them has focused whether antioxidant formulas could modulate apoptosis. We investigated in 20 healthy individuals the effect of supplementation with a formula containing alpha-tocopherol, alpha-lipoic acid, coenzyme Q(10), carnitines, and selenomethionine, on plasma oxidant status and peroxide levels, erythrocyte antioxidant enzymes, lymphocyte apoptosis, and generation of ROS at the mitochondrial level. Control subjects received only carnitines or an incomplete formula with alpha-tocopherol, alpha-lipoic acid, coenzyme Q(10), and selenomethionine. Supplementation with the complete formula resulted in a significant increase in the plasma antioxidant status that was mirrored by a decrease in blood peroxide levels and a reduced generation of ROS at the mitochondrial level. This was associated with a significant decrease in the frequency of peripheral blood lymphocytes, with either CD4 or CD8 phenotype, undergoing apoptosis. Less consistent results were found when either incomplete formula was used. Our study suggests that supplementation with antioxidant formulas can modulate the process of apoptosis under in vivo conditions. The clinical potential of this strategy in the treatment of diseases with an elevated commitment to apoptosis should be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Mosca
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rome La Sapienza, p. le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
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69
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Syah YM, Achmad SA, Ghisalberti EL, Hakim EH, Makmur L, Mujahidin D. Artoindonesianins G-I, three new isoprenylated flavones from Artocarpus lanceifolius. Fitoterapia 2001; 72:765-73. [PMID: 11677015 DOI: 10.1016/s0367-326x(01)00328-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Three new isoprenylated flavones, artoindonesianins G-I (1-3), together with the two known flavones artelastofuran (4) and artelasticin (5), have been isolated from the heartwood of Artocarpus lanceifoliu. The structures of the new compounds were determined on the basis of spectroscopic data. Compounds 1-3 and 5 showed strong cytotoxicity against P-388 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y M Syah
- Department of Chemistry, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Ganesha 10, 40132, Bandung, Indonesia
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70
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Mattei R, Paz Barros M, Galvão SM, Bechara EJ, de Araujo Carlini EL. Heteropteris aphrodisiaca O. Machado : effects of extract BST 0298 on the oxidative stress of young and old rat brains. Phytother Res 2001; 15:604-7. [PMID: 11746842 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The plant Heteropteris aphrodisiaca O. Machado is widely employed in Brazilian popular medicine as a stimulant, a tonic and a remedy for nervous debility. Several other plant products with similar therapeutic applications may have such effects based on the antioxidant content of polyphenols (gallates, cathecols, etc.) and flavonoids. The aim of this work was to investigate the effects of Heteropteris aphrodisiaca O. Machado extracts on the antioxidant defences and oxidative stress of young and old rat brains. Tests of lipoperoxidation in vitro, comparing H. aphrodisiaca extracts with butylhydroxytoluene (BHT), a classic antioxidant, showed an efficient inhibition of lipoperoxidation (Q(1/2) = 3.3 microg/mL). Chronic treatment of young and old rats with 50 mg plant extract/kg body weight resulted in a significant increase in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities (40%) in the brain of old rats, but no changes in catalase and glutathione peroxidase (GPX). No significant variations in antioxidant enzyme activities were observed in the brains of young rats. However, significantly lower levels of lipoperoxidation (30%) were detected in the brain of young rats upon plant extract administration, suggesting that H. aphrodisiaca extracts reduced the oxidative stress to brain lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Mattei
- Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil.
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71
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Rodriguez RJ, Miranda CL, Stevens JF, Deinzer ML, Buhler DR. Influence of prenylated and non-prenylated flavonoids on liver microsomal lipid peroxidation and oxidative injury in rat hepatocytes. Food Chem Toxicol 2001; 39:437-45. [PMID: 11313109 DOI: 10.1016/s0278-6915(00)00159-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Prenylated chalcones from hops and beer were compared with non-prenylated flavonoids [chalconaringenin (CN), naringenin (NG), genistein (GS) and quercetin (QC)] for their ability to inhibit lipid peroxidation in rat liver microsomes. Chalcones with prenyl- or geranyl-groups (5 and 25 microM) were more effective inhibitors of microsomal lipid peroxidation than CN, NG or GS induced by Fe(2+)/ascorbate. Prenylated chalcones were effective inhibitors of microsomal lipid peroxidation induced by Fe(3+)-ADP/NADPH and by tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBH) but to a lesser extent compared to the Fe(2+)/ascorbate system. An increase of prenyl substituents decreased antioxidant activity in the lipid peroxidation systems. Certain flavonoids behaved as prooxidants in the iron-dependent lipid peroxidation systems. For example, at 5 microM, NG enhanced iron/ascorbate-induced lipid peroxidation whereas CN, diprenylxanthohumol and tetrahydroxanthohumol enhanced Fe(3+)-ADP/NADPH-induced lipid peroxidation. None of the flavonoids (25 microM), except QC, inhibited NADPH cytochrome P450-reductase activity of rat liver microsomes, suggesting that the mechanism of inhibition of lipid peroxidation induced by Fe(3+)-ADP/NADPH is not due to inhibition of the reductase enzyme. Chalcones exhibiting antioxidant activity against TBH-induced lipid peroxidation such as xanthohumol and 5'-prenylxanthohumol, and NG, with no antioxidant property at 5 microM concentration protected cultured rat hepatocytes from TBH toxicity. Other antioxidants (desmethylxanthohumol and CN) in the TBH system were not cytoprotective. These results demonstrate the importance of prenyl groups in the antioxidant activity of hop chalcones in the various in vitro systems of lipid peroxidation. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity of the flavonoids has little or no bearing on their ability to protect rat hepatocytes from the toxic effects of TBH.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Rodriguez
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, USA.
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72
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Mahabusarakam W, Proudfoot J, Taylor W, Croft K. Inhibition of lipoprotein oxidation by prenylated xanthones derived from mangostin. Free Radic Res 2000; 33:643-59. [PMID: 11200095 DOI: 10.1080/10715760000301161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative damage is thought to play a critical role in cardiovascular and other chronic diseases. This has led to considerable interest in the antioxidant activity of dietary compounds. Flavonoids have received the most attention and much is known about the structural requirements for antioxidant activity. However, little is known about the antioxidant activity of other plant derived phenolic compounds such as the xanthones. We have previously shown that the prenylated xanthone, mangostin, can inhibit the oxidation of low density lipoprotein. In order to examine the effects of structure modification on antioxidant activity of this class of compound we have prepared a number of derivatives of mangostin and tested antioxidant activity in an isolated LDL and plasma assay. The results of this study show that structural modification of mangostin can have a profound effect on antioxidant activity. Derivatisation of the C-3 and C-6 hydroxyl groups with either methyl, acetate, propane diol or nitrile substantially reduces antioxidant activity. In contrast, derivatisation of C-3 and C-6 with aminoethyl derivatives enhanced antioxidant activity, which may be related to changes in solubility. Cyclisation of the prenyl chains had little influence on antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Mahabusarakam
- Chemistry Department, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand
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