51
|
Ryabov AD, Cerón-Camacho R, Saavedra-Díaz O, Denardo MA, Ghosh A, Le Lagadec R, Collins TJ. TAML activator-based amperometric analytical devices as alternatives to peroxidase biosensors. Anal Chem 2012; 84:9096-100. [PMID: 23005918 DOI: 10.1021/ac301714r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The ferric TAML catalysts [Fe{C(6)H(2)-1,2-( NCOCMe(2)NCO)(2)CMe(2)}(OH(2))](-) (1) with counterions Na(+) (a) and PPh(4)(+) (b) function similar to horseradish peroxidase in the mediated electron transfer relays, which constitute a basis for amperometric biosensors. The mediators are mono- and bis-cyclometalated Ru and Os compounds of the type of [M(C∼N)(x)(N∼N)(3-x)](m+) with x = 1 and 2 (N∼N = 2,2'-bipyridine, (-)C∼N = 2-phenylpyridinato). Cyclic voltammograms of the Ru and Os compounds are not affected by 1a though cathodic currents increase drastically in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. The reduction potentials of [M(C∼N)(x)(N∼N)(3-x)](m+) complexes vary with both the nature of metal (Ru or Os) and the number of cyclometalated ligands x (1 or 2) and therefore the potential of working electrode can be set in the range of from -0.1 to +0.6 V versus the normal hydrogen electrode (NHE). A prototype of a biosensor for H(2)O(2) is described, in which the 1b catalyst and [Os(C∼N)(2)(N∼N)](+) mediator were coimmobilized on the surface of the glassy carbon electrode using a polymeric coating.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander D Ryabov
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15213, United States.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
52
|
Hassani L. Chemical modification of Horseradish peroxidase with carboxylic anhydrides: Effect of negative charge and hydrophilicity of the modifiers on thermal stability. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2012.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
53
|
Zakharova GS, Uporov IV, Tishkov VI. Horseradish peroxidase: modulation of properties by chemical modification of protein and heme. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2012; 76:1391-401. [PMID: 22339595 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297911130037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) is one of the most studied enzymes of the plant peroxidase superfamily. HRP is also widely used in different bioanalytical applications and diagnostic kits. The methods of genetic engineering and protein design are now widely used to study the catalytic mechanism and to improve properties of the enzyme. Here we review the results of another approach to HRP modification-through the chemical modification of amino acids or prosthetic group of the enzyme. Computer models of HRPs with modified hemes are in good agreement with the experimental data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G S Zakharova
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
54
|
Hassani L. The effect of chemical modification with pyromellitic anhydride on structure, function, and thermal stability of horseradish peroxidase. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2012; 167:489-97. [PMID: 22562551 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-012-9671-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2011] [Accepted: 04/09/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The stability of enzymes remains a critical issue in biotechnology. Compared with the strategies for obtaining stable enzymes, chemical modification is a simple and effective technique. In the present study, chemical modification of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was carried out with pyromellitic anhydride. HRP has achieved a prominent position in the pharmaceutical, chemical, and biotechnological industries. In this study, the effect of chemical modification on thermal stability, structure, and function of the enzyme was studied by fluorescence, circular dichroism, and absorbance measurements. The results indicated a decrease in compactness of the structure and a considerable enhancement in thermal stability of HRP below 60 °C. It seems the charge replacement and introduction of the bulky group bring about the observed structural and the functional changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leila Hassani
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan 45195-1159, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Ibrahim M, Kincaid JR. Spectroscopic studies of peroxo/hydroperoxo derivatives of heme proteins and model compounds. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2012. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424604000209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The spectroscopic characterization of peroxo- and hydroperoxo- intermediates of heme proteins and enzymes has long interested scientists studying the structure and function of these important biochemical systems. Until very recently, little progress had been made in studying these fleeting intermediates by vibrational spectroscopic methods. In this brief review, recent studies reporting the Resonance Raman and Infrared spectra of such intermediates and pertinent model compounds are reviewed and compared to corresponding studies utilizing electronic absorption and electron paramagnetic resonance spectrometric methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Ibrahim
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI 53233, USA
| | - James R. Kincaid
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI 53233, USA
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
Fu J, Nyanhongo GS, Gübitz GM, Cavaco-Paulo A, Kim S. Enzymatic colouration with laccase and peroxidases: Recent progress. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2012. [DOI: 10.3109/10242422.2012.649563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
57
|
de Visser SP. Predictive studies of oxygen atom transfer reactions by Compound I of cytochrome P450. ADVANCES IN INORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-396462-5.00001-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
|
58
|
Kumar D, Sastry GN, de Visser SP. Axial Ligand Effect On The Rate Constant of Aromatic Hydroxylation By Iron(IV)–Oxo Complexes Mimicking Cytochrome P450 Enzymes. J Phys Chem B 2011; 116:718-30. [DOI: 10.1021/jp2113522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Devesh Kumar
- Department of Applied Physics, School for Physical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Rae Bareilly Road, Lucknow 226 025, India
- Molecular Modelling Group, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500-607, India
| | - G. Narahari Sastry
- Molecular Modelling Group, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500-607, India
| | - Sam P. de Visser
- Manchester Interdisciplinary Biocenter and School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Murphy EJ, Metcalfe CL, Nnamchi C, Moody PCE, Raven EL. Crystal structure of guaiacol and phenol bound to a heme peroxidase. FEBS J 2011; 279:1632-9. [PMID: 22093282 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2011.08425.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Guaiacol is a universal substrate for all peroxidases, and its use in a simple colorimetric assay has wide applications. However, its exact binding location has never been defined. Here we report the crystal structures of guaiacol bound to cytochrome c peroxidase (CcP). A related structure with phenol bound is also presented. The CcP-guaiacol and CcP-phenol crystal structures show that both guaiacol and phenol bind at sites distinct from the cytochrome c binding site and from the δ-heme edge, which is known to be the binding site for other substrates. Although neither guaiacol nor phenol is seen bound at the δ-heme edge in the crystal structures, inhibition data and mutagenesis strongly suggest that the catalytic binding site for aromatic compounds is the δ-heme edge in CcP. The functional implications of these observations are discussed in terms of our existing understanding of substrate binding in peroxidases [Gumiero A et al. (2010) Arch Biochem Biophys 500, 13-20].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma J Murphy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
60
|
Işık E, Şahin S, Demir C, Türkben C. Determination of total phenolic content of raspberry and blackberry cultivars by immobilized horseradish peroxidase bioreactor. J Food Compost Anal 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2011.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
61
|
Overcoming the adverse effects of crosslinking in biosensors via addition of PEG: Improved sensing of hydrogen peroxide using immobilized peroxidase. Mikrochim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-011-0686-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
62
|
Crestini C, Melone F, Saladino R. Novel multienzyme oxidative biocatalyst for lignin bioprocessing. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:5071-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.05.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2011] [Revised: 05/23/2011] [Accepted: 05/26/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
63
|
Kondyurin A, Nosworthy NJ, Bilek MMM. Effect of low molecular weight additives on immobilization strength, activity, and conformation of protein immobilized on PVC and UHMWPE. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2011; 27:6138-6148. [PMID: 21491852 DOI: 10.1021/la200376f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was immobilized onto both plasticized and unplasticized polyvinylchloride (PVC) and ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE). Plasma immersion ion implantation (PIII) in a nitrogen plasma with 20 kV bias was used to facilitate covalent immobilization and to improve the wettability of the surfaces. The surfaces and immobilized protein were studied using attenuated total reflection infrared (ATR-IR) spectroscopy and water contact angle measurements. Protein elution on exposure to repeated sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) washing was used to assess the strength of HRP immobilization. The presence of low molecular weight components (plasticizer, additives in solvent, unreacted monomers, adsorbed molecules on surface) was found to have a major influence on the strength of immobilization and the conformation of the protein on the samples not exposed to the PIII treatment. A phenomenological model considering interactions between the low molecular weight components, the protein molecule, and the surface is developed to explain these observations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Kondyurin
- Applied and Plasma Physics, School of Physics (A28), University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
64
|
Toledo JC, Audi R, Ogusucu R, Monteiro G, Netto LES, Augusto O. Horseradish peroxidase compound I as a tool to investigate reactive protein-cysteine residues: from quantification to kinetics. Free Radic Biol Med 2011; 50:1032-8. [PMID: 21354305 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2010] [Revised: 02/18/2011] [Accepted: 02/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Proteins containing reactive cysteine residues (protein-Cys) are receiving increased attention as mediators of hydrogen peroxide signaling. These proteins are mainly identified by mining the thiol proteomes of oxidized protein-Cys in cells and tissues. However, it is difficult to determine if oxidation occurs through a direct reaction with hydrogen peroxide or by thiol-disulfide exchange reactions. Kinetic studies with purified proteins provide invaluable information about the reactivity of protein-Cys residues with hydrogen peroxide. Previously, we showed that the characteristic UV-Vis spectrum of horseradish peroxidase compound I, produced from the oxidation of horseradish peroxidase by hydrogen peroxide, is a simple, reliable, and useful tool to determine the second-order rate constant of the reaction of reactive protein-Cys with hydrogen peroxide and peroxynitrite. Here, the method is fully described and extended to quantify reactive protein-Cys residues and micromolar concentrations of hydrogen peroxide. Members of the peroxiredoxin family were selected for the demonstration and validation of this methodology. In particular, we determined the pK(a) of the peroxidatic thiol of rPrx6 (5.2) and the second-order rate constant of its reactions with hydrogen peroxide ((3.4 ± 0.2) × 10⁷M⁻¹ s⁻¹) and peroxynitrite ((3.7 ± 0.4) × 10⁵ M⁻¹ s⁻¹) at pH 7.4 and 25°C.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José Carlos Toledo
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, SP, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
65
|
Lin N, Gao L, Chen Z, Zhu JH. Elevating enzyme activity through the immobilization of horseradish peroxidase onto periodic mesoporous organosilicas. NEW J CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1nj20311h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
66
|
A novel and efficient oxidative functionalization of lignin by layer-by-layer immobilised Horseradish peroxidase. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:440-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2010] [Revised: 10/25/2010] [Accepted: 11/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
67
|
Investigating the structural and functional effects of mutating Asn glycosylation sites of horseradish peroxidase to Asp. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2010; 164:454-63. [PMID: 21193964 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-010-9147-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2010] [Accepted: 12/07/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) has long attracted intense research interest and is used in many biotechnological fields, including diagnostics, biosensors, and biocatalysis. Enhancement of HRP catalytic activity and/or stability would further increase its applications. One of the problems with heterologus expression of HRP especially in prokaryotic host is lack of glycosylation that affects it's stability toward H(2)O(2) and thermal inactivation. In this study, two asparagine residues which constitute two of the eight glycosylation sites in native HRP (Asn 13 and 268) with respectively 83% and 65% surface accessibility were substituted with aspartic acid in recombinant HRP. Both mutant proteins expressed in Escherichia coli showed increased stabilities against heat (increase in t (1/2) from 20 min in native rHRP to 32 and 67 min in N13D and N268D) and H(2)O(2) (up to threefold). Unexpectedly, despite the distance of the mutated positions from the active site, notable alterations in steady-state k (cat) and K (m) values occurred with phenol/4-aminoantipyrine as reducing substrate which might be due to conformational changes. No significant alteration in flexibility was detected by acrylamide quenching analyses, but ANS binding experiments purposed lesser binding of ANS to hydrophobic patches in mutated HRPs. Double mutation was non-additive and non-synergistic.
Collapse
|
68
|
Gumiero A, Murphy EJ, Metcalfe CL, Moody PC, Raven EL. An analysis of substrate binding interactions in the heme peroxidase enzymes: A structural perspective. Arch Biochem Biophys 2010; 500:13-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2010.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2010] [Revised: 02/23/2010] [Accepted: 02/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
69
|
Detection of endogenous and immuno-bound peroxidase — The status Quo in histochemistry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 45:81-139. [DOI: 10.1016/j.proghi.2009.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
70
|
Hynninen PH, Kaartinen V, Kolehmainen E. Horseradish peroxidase-catalyzed oxidation of chlorophyll a with hydrogen peroxide. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2010; 1797:531-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2010.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2009] [Revised: 01/11/2010] [Accepted: 01/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
71
|
Yoshioka Y, Mitani M. B3LYP study on reduction mechanisms from O2 to H2O at the catalytic sites of fully reduced and mixed-valence bovine cytochrome c oxidases. Bioinorg Chem Appl 2010; 2010:182804. [PMID: 20396396 PMCID: PMC2852611 DOI: 10.1155/2010/182804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2009] [Revised: 11/27/2009] [Accepted: 01/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Reduction mechanisms of oxygen molecule to water molecules in the fully reduced (FR) and mixed-valence (MV) bovine cytochrome c oxidases (CcO) have been systematically examined based on the B3LYP calculations. The catalytic cycle using four electrons and four protons has been also shown consistently. The MV CcO catalyses reduction to produce one water molecule, while the FR CcO catalyses to produce two water molecules. One water molecule is added into vacant space between His240 and His290 in the catalytic site. This water molecule constructs the network of hydrogen bonds of Tyr244, farnesyl ethyl, and Thr316 that is a terminal residue of the K-pathway. It plays crucial roles for the proton transfer to the dioxygen to produce the water molecules in both MV and FR CcOs. Tyr244 functions as a relay of the proton transfer from the K-pathway to the added water molecule, not as donors of a proton and an electron to the dioxygen. The reduction mechanisms of MV and FR CcOs are strictly distinguished. In the FR CcO, the Cu atom at the Cu(B) site maintains the reduced state Cu(I) during the process of formation of first water molecule and plays an electron storage. At the final stage of formation of first water molecule, the Cu(I) atom releases an electron to Fe-O. During the process of formation of second water molecule, the Cu atom maintains the oxidized state Cu(II). In contrast with experimental proposals, the K-pathway functions for formation of first water molecule, while the D-pathway functions for second water molecule. The intermediates, P(M), P(R), F, and O, obtained in this work are compared with those proposed experimentally.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasunori Yoshioka
- Chemistry Department for Materials, Graduate School of Engineering, Mie University, Kurima-machiya 1577, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan.
| | | |
Collapse
|
72
|
Battistuzzi G, Bellei M, Bortolotti CA, Sola M. Redox properties of heme peroxidases. Arch Biochem Biophys 2010; 500:21-36. [PMID: 20211593 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2010.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2010] [Revised: 03/01/2010] [Accepted: 03/02/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Peroxidases are heme enzymes found in bacteria, fungi, plants and animals, which exploit the reduction of hydrogen peroxide to catalyze a number of oxidative reactions, involving a wide variety of organic and inorganic substrates. The catalytic cycle of heme peroxidases is based on three consecutive redox steps, involving two high-valent intermediates (Compound I and Compound II), which perform the oxidation of the substrates. Therefore, the thermodynamics and the kinetics of the catalytic cycle are influenced by the reduction potentials of three redox couples, namely Compound I/Fe3+, Compound I/Compound II and Compound II/Fe3+. In particular, the oxidative power of heme peroxidases is controlled by the (high) reduction potential of the latter two couples. Moreover, the rapid H2O2-mediated two-electron oxidation of peroxidases to Compound I requires a stable ferric state in physiological conditions, which depends on the reduction potential of the Fe3+/Fe2+ couple. The understanding of the molecular determinants of the reduction potentials of the above redox couples is crucial for the comprehension of the molecular determinants of the catalytic properties of heme peroxidases. This review provides an overview of the data available on the redox properties of Fe3+/Fe2+, Compound I/Fe3+, Compound I/Compound II and Compound II/Fe3+ couples in native and mutated heme peroxidases. The influence of the electron donor properties of the axial histidine and of the polarity of the heme environment is analyzed and the correlation between the redox properties of the heme group with the catalytic activity of this important class of metallo-enzymes is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gianantonio Battistuzzi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via Campi 183, 41100 Modena, Italy.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
73
|
Banerjee D, Apollo FM, Ryabov AD, Collins TJ. The impact of surfactants on Fe(III)-TAML-catalyzed oxidations by peroxides: accelerations, decelerations, and loss of activity. Chemistry 2010; 15:10199-209. [PMID: 19711381 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200900729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Iron(III) complexes of tetraamidato macrocyclic ligands (TAMLs), [Fe{4-XC(6)H(3)-1,2-(NCOCMe(2)NCO)(2)CR(2)}(OH(2))](-), 1 (1 a: X = H, R = Me; 1 b: X = COOH, R = Me); 1 c: X = CONH(CH(2))(2)COOH, R = Me; 1 d: CONH(CH(2))(2)NMe(2), R = Me; 1 e: X = CONH(CH(2))(2)NMe(3) (+), R = Me; 1 f: X = H, R = F), have been tested as catalysts for the oxidative decolorization of Orange II and Sudan III dyes by hydrogen peroxide and tert-butyl hydroperoxide in the presence of micelles that are neutral (Triton X-100), positively charged (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, CTAB), and negatively charged (sodium dodecyl sulfate, SDS). The previously reported mechanism of catalysis involves the formation of an oxidized intermediate from 1 and ROOH (k(I)) followed by dye bleaching (k(II)). The micellar effects on k(I) and k(II) have been separately studied and analyzed by using the Berezin pseudophase model of micellar catalysis. The largest micellar acceleration in terms of k(I) occurs for the 1 a-tBuOOH-CTAB system. At pH 9.0-10.5 the rate constant k(I) increased by approximately five times with increasing CTAB concentration and then gradually decreased. There was no acceleration at higher pH, presumably owing to the deprotonation of the axial water ligand of 1 a in this pH range. The k(I) value was only slightly affected by SDS (in the oxidation of Orange II), but was strongly decelerated by Triton X-100. No oxidation of the water-insoluble, hydrophobic dye Sudan III was observed in the presence of the SDS micelles. The k(II) value was accelerated by cationic CTAB micelles when the hydrophobic primary oxidant tert-butyl hydroperoxide was used. It is hypothesized that tBuOOH may affect the CTAB micelles and increase the binding of the oxidized catalysts. The tBuOOH-CTAB combination accelerated both of the catalysis steps k(I) and k(II).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deboshri Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
74
|
Dogutan DK, Bediako DK, Teets TS, Schwalbe M, Nocera DG. Efficient Synthesis of Hangman Porphyrins. Org Lett 2010; 12:1036-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ol902947h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dilek K. Dogutan
- Department of Chemistry, 6-335, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307
| | - D. Kwabena Bediako
- Department of Chemistry, 6-335, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307
| | - Thomas S. Teets
- Department of Chemistry, 6-335, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307
| | - Matthias Schwalbe
- Department of Chemistry, 6-335, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307
| | - Daniel G. Nocera
- Department of Chemistry, 6-335, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307
| |
Collapse
|
75
|
Romanovskaya I, Kuz’min V, Oseychuk O, Muratov E, Artemenko A, Andronati S. QSPR Analysis of Peroxidase Substrates Reactivity. CHEMISTRY & CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY 2009. [DOI: 10.23939/chcht03.04.255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR) analysis of phenol derivatives reactivity in the horseradish peroxidase catalyzed oxidative reactions was carried out. The statistic models, which describe the substituted phenols reactivity (Кm-1, Vmax) quite adequately, were obtained by multiple linear regression and partial least squares (PLS) methods. The electronic parameters of molecules, their lipophylicity, molecular refraction, and form parameters were used as descriptors for molecular structure. The obtained models allow to predict the reactivity of the new phenolic substrates with satisfactory reliability.
Collapse
|
76
|
Guo Z, Rüegger H, Kissner R, Ishikawa T, Willeke M, Walde P. Vesicles as soft templates for the enzymatic polymerization of aniline. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2009; 25:11390-11405. [PMID: 19670900 DOI: 10.1021/la901510m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The feasibility of using surfactant vesicles as soft templates for the peroxidase-triggered polymerization of aniline was investigated. It was found that mixed anionic vesicles (diameter approximately 80 nm) composed of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SDBS) and decanoic acid (1:1, molar ratio) are promising templates. In the presence of the vesicles and horseradish peroxidase/hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as initiator system, aniline polymerizes under optimized conditions at pH=4.3 to the desired conductive emeraldine form of polyaniline (PANI). The optimal polymerization conditions were elaborated, and some of the chemical and physicochemical aspects of the reaction system were investigated. After addition of aniline and peroxidase to the vesicles, aniline is only loosely associated with the vesicles, as shown by NOESY-NMR and zeta potential measurements. In contrast, the peroxidase strongly binds to the vesicle surface, as shown by fluorescence measurements using TNS (2-(p-toluidino)naphthalene-6-sulfonate) as vesicle membrane probe. This binding of the enzyme to the vesicle surface indicates that the polymerization reaction is initiated predominantly on the surface of the vesicles. Cryo-transmission electron microscopy indicates that the polymerization product remains associated with the vesicles on their surface. For short reaction times (30 s<t<60 s), it is shown that oligoanilines containing an excess of oxidized units are obtained, as shown by VIS/NIR spectroscopy and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. For longer reaction times (1 min<t<30 min), the relative amount of over oxidized units in PANI decreases until polymers are obtained which have a VIS/NIR spectrum that is typical for the emeraldine salt form of PANI (lambdamax approximately 1000 nm). The appearance of stable unpaired electrons during the reaction was demonstrated by EPR measurements, in full support of the in situ formation of the conductive emeraldine salt form of PANI. At the end of the reaction (after 1 h), the PANI formed remains homogenously dispersed in the aqueous solution thanks to the presence of the vesicles. No precipitation occurs on a time scale of at least several weeks. FTIR and 13C NMR measurements of the product isolated from the reaction mixture confirm the formation of the emeraldine form of PANI. If the polymerization reaction is carried out in the absence of vesicles but under otherwise identical reaction conditions, the outcome of the reaction is very different, i.e., no indication at all for the formation of the conductive form of PANI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zengwei Guo
- Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Str. 10, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
77
|
de Visser SP, Nam W. The effect and influence of cis-ligands on the electronic and oxidizing properties of nonheme oxoiron biomimetics. A density functional study. J Phys Chem A 2009; 112:12887-95. [PMID: 18616332 DOI: 10.1021/jp8018556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Density functional theory studies on the nature of the cis effect and cis influence of ligands on oxoiron nonheme complexes have been performed. A detailed analysis of the electronic and oxidizing properties of [Fe(IV)O(TPA)L](+) with L = F(-), Cl(-), and Br(-) and TPA = tris-(2-pyridylmethyl)amine are presented and compared with [Fe(IV)O(TPA)NCCH(3)](2+). The calculations show that the electronic cis effect is determined by favorable orbital overlap between first-row elements with the metal, which are missing between the metal and second- and third-row elements. As a consequence, the metal 3d block is split into a one-below-two set of orbitals with L = Cl(-) and Br(-), and the HOMO/LUMO energy gap is widened with respect to the system with L = F(-). However, this larger HOMO/LUMO gap does not lead to large differences in electron affinities of the complexes. Moreover, a quantum mechanical analysis of the binding of the ligand shows that it is built up from a large electric field effect of the ligand on the oxoiron species and a much smaller quantum mechanical effect due to orbital overlap. These contributions are of similar strength for the three tested halogen cis ligands and result in similar reactivity patterns with substrates. The calculations show that [Fe(IV)O(TPA)L](+) with L = F(-), Cl(-), and Br(-) have closely lying triplet and quintet spin states, but only the quintet spin state is reactive with substrates. Therefore, the efficiency of the oxidant will be determined by the triplet-quintet spin state crossing of the reaction. The reaction of styrene with a doubly charged reactant, that is, [Fe(V)O(TPA)L](2+) with L = F(-), Cl(-), and Br(-) or [Fe(V)O(TPA)NCCH(3)](3+), leads to an initial electron transfer from the substrate to the metal followed by a highly exothermic epoxidation mechanism. These reactivity differences are mainly determined by the overall charge of the system rather than the nature of the cis ligand.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sam P de Visser
- The Manchester Interdisciplinary Biocenter and the School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK.
| | | |
Collapse
|
78
|
Tahsini L, Bagherzadeh M, Nam W, de Visser SP. Fundamental Differences of Substrate Hydroxylation by High-Valent Iron(IV)-Oxo Models of Cytochrome P450. Inorg Chem 2009; 48:6661-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ic900593c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laleh Tahsini
- The Manchester Interdisciplinary Biocenter and the School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
- Chemistry Department, Sharif University of Technology, P.O. Box 11155−3615, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Bagherzadeh
- Chemistry Department, Sharif University of Technology, P.O. Box 11155−3615, Tehran, Iran
| | - Wonwoo Nam
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Department of Bioinspired Science, Centre for Biomimetic Systems, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120−750, Korea
| | - Sam P. de Visser
- The Manchester Interdisciplinary Biocenter and the School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
79
|
de Visser S, Tahsini L, Nam W. How Does the Axial Ligand of Cytochrome P450 Biomimetics Influence the Regioselectivity of Aliphatic versus Aromatic Hydroxylation? Chemistry 2009; 15:5577-87. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200802234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
80
|
Naves AF, Carmona-Ribeiro AM, Casarano R, Catalani LH, Kawano Y, Petri DF. Crystalline particles from self-assembled divinyl oligomers. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2008.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
81
|
de Visser SP, Straganz GD. Why Do Cysteine Dioxygenase Enzymes Contain a 3-His Ligand Motif Rather than a 2His/1Asp Motif Like Most Nonheme Dioxygenases? J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:1835-46. [DOI: 10.1021/jp809700f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sam P. de Visser
- The Manchester Interdisciplinary Biocenter and the School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, United Kingdom, and Graz University of Technology, Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Petersgasse 12, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Grit D. Straganz
- The Manchester Interdisciplinary Biocenter and the School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, United Kingdom, and Graz University of Technology, Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Petersgasse 12, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
82
|
Dube H, Kasumaj B, Calle C, Felber B, Saito M, Jeschke G, Diederich F. Probing Hydrogen Bonding to Bound Dioxygen in Synthetic Models for Heme Proteins: The Importance of Precise Geometry. Chemistry 2009; 15:125-35. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200802077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
83
|
Hersleth HP, Hsiao YW, Ryde U, Görbitz CH, Andersson KK. The influence of X-rays on the structural studies of peroxide-derived myoglobin intermediates. Chem Biodivers 2008; 5:2067-2089. [PMID: 18972498 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.200890189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the awareness of potential radiation damage of metal centers in protein crystals during crystallographic data collection has received increasing attention. The radiation damage can lead to radiation-induced changes and reduction of the metal sites. One of the research fields where these concerns have been comprehensively addressed is the study of the reaction intermediates of the heme peroxidase and oxygenase reaction cycles. For both the resting states and the high-valent intermediates, the X-rays used in the structure determination have given undesired side effects through radiation-induced changes to the trapped intermediates. However, X-rays have been used to generate and trap the peroxy/hydroperoxy state in crystals. In this review, the structural work and the influence of X-rays on these intermediates in myoglobin are summarized and viewed in light of analogous studies on similar intermediates in peroxidases and oxygenases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Petter Hersleth
- University of Oslo, Department of Molecular Biosciences, P. O. Box 1041 Blindern, N-0316 Oslo
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
84
|
Szigeti K, Smeller L, Osváth S, Majer Z, Fidy J. The structure of horseradish peroxidase C characterized as a molten globule state after Ca2+ depletion. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2008; 1784:1965-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2008.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2008] [Revised: 07/25/2008] [Accepted: 08/13/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
85
|
Romero-Gómez S, Duarte-Vázquez MA, García-Almendárez BE, Mayorga-Martínez L, Cervantes-Avilés O, Regalado C. A putative peroxidase cDNA from turnip and analysis of the encoded protein sequence. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2008; 63:157-162. [PMID: 18686036 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-008-0084-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2008] [Accepted: 07/09/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A putative peroxidase cDNA was isolated from turnip roots (Brassica napus L. var. purple top white globe) by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). Total RNA extracted from mature turnip roots was used as a template for RT-PCR, using a degenerated primer designed to amplify the highly conserved distal motif of plant peroxidases. The resulting partial sequence was used to design the rest of the specific primers for 5' and 3' RACE. Two cDNA fragments were purified, sequenced, and aligned with the partial sequence from RT-PCR, and a complete overlapping sequence was obtained and labeled as BbPA (Genbank Accession No. AY423440, named as podC). The full length cDNA is 1167bp long and contains a 1077bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding a 358 deduced amino acid peroxidase polypeptide. The putative peroxidase (BnPA) showed a calculated Mr of 34kDa, and isoelectric point (pI) of 4.5, with no significant identity with other reported turnip peroxidases. Sequence alignment showed that only three peroxidases have a significant identity with BnPA namely AtP29a (84%), and AtPA2 (81%) from Arabidopsis thaliana, and HRPA2 (82%) from horseradish (Armoracia rusticana). Work is in progress to clone this gene into an adequate host to study the specific role and possible biotechnological applications of this alternative peroxidase source.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Romero-Gómez
- Biotechnology Group, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, CU Cerro de las Campanas s/n, Querétaro, Mexico
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
86
|
Han HY, Xu WA, Lü ZR, Zou F, Li S. Activation and Inactivation of Horseradish Peroxidase by Cobalt Ions. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2008; 26:83-92. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2008.10507226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
87
|
Yao Y, Ma YZ, Qin M, Ma XJ, Wang C, Feng XZ. NHS-ester functionalized poly(PEGMA) brushes on silicon surface for covalent protein immobilization. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2008; 66:233-9. [PMID: 18675539 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2008.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2007] [Revised: 01/25/2008] [Accepted: 06/24/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Poly(PEGMA) homopolymer brushes were developed by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) on the initiator-modified silicon surface (Si-initiator). Through covalent binding, protein immobilization on the poly(PEGMA) films was enabled by further NHS-ester functionalization of the poly(PEGMA) chain ends. The formation of polymer brushes was confirmed by assessing the surface composition (XPS) and morphology (atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electronic microscopy (SEM)) of the modified silicon wafer. The binding performance of the NHS-ester functionalized surfaces with two proteins horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and chicken immunoglobulin (IgG) was monitored by direct observation. These results suggest that this method which incorporates the properties of polymer brush onto the binding surfaces may be a good strategy suitable for covalent protein immobilization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yao
- The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
88
|
Soares VA, Severino D, Junqueira HC, Tersariol ILS, Shida CS, Baptista MS, Nascimento OR, Nantes IL. Light-Driven Horseradish Peroxidase Cycle by Using Photo-activated Methylene Blue as the Reducing Agent. Photochem Photobiol 2007; 83:1254-62. [PMID: 17880521 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2007.00158.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the regeneration of native horseradish peroxidase (HRP), following the consecutive reduction of oxo-ferryl pi-cation (compound I) and oxo-ferryl (compound II) forms, was observed by UV-visible spectrometry and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) in the presence of methylene (MB+), in the dark and under irradiation. In the dark, MB+ did not affect the rate of HRP compound I and II reduction, compatible with hydrogen peroxide as the solely reducing species. Under irradiation, the dye promoted a significant increase in the native HRP regeneration rate in a pH-dependent manner. Flash photolysis measurements revealed significant redshift of the MB+ triplet absorbance spectrum in the presence of native HRP. This result is compatible with the dye binding on the enzyme structure leading to the increase in the photogenerated MB* yield. In the presence of HRP compound II, the lifetime of the dye at 520 nm decreased approximately 75% relative to the presence of native HRP that suggests MB* as the heme iron photochemical reducing agent. In argon and in air-saturated media, photoactivated MB+ led to native HRP regeneration in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. The apparent rate constant for photoactivated MB+-promoted native HRP regeneration, in argon and in air-saturated medium and measured as a function of MB+ concentration, exhibited saturation that is suggestive of dye binding on the HRP structure. The dissociation constant (KMB) observed for the binding of dye to HRP was 5.4+/-0.6 microM and 0.57+/-0.05 microM in argon and air-saturated media, respectively. In argon-saturated medium, the rate of the conversion of HRP compound II to native HRP was significantly higher, k2argon=(2.1+/-0.1)x10(-2) s(-1), than that obtained in air-equilibrated medium, k2air=(0.73+/-0.02)x10(-2) s(-1). Under these conditions the efficiency of photoactivated MB(+)-promoted native HRP regeneration was determined in argon and air-equilibrated media as being, respectively: k2/KMB=3.9x10(3) and 12.8x10(3) M(-1) s(-1).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa A Soares
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Bioquímica, Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes, Mogi das Cruzes, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
89
|
Abstract
The selective reduction of oxygen to water requires four electrons and four protons. The design of catalysts that promote oxygen reduction therefore requires the management of both electron and proton inventories. Pacman and Hangman porphyrins provide a cleft for oxygen binding, a redox shuttle for oxygen reduction, and functionality for tuning the acid-base properties of bound oxygen and its intermediates. With proper control of the proton-coupled electron transfer events, O-O bond breaking of oxygen, and more generally oxygenated substrates, may be achieved with high efficiencies. The rule set developed for oxygen reduction may be applied to a variety of other small molecule activation reactions of consequence to energy conversion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joel Rosenthal
- Department of Chemistry, 6-335, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
90
|
Yang JY, Nocera DG. Catalase and Epoxidation Activity of Manganese Salen Complexes Bearing Two Xanthene Scaffolds. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:8192-8. [PMID: 17552520 DOI: 10.1021/ja070358w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A series of manganese Hangman salen ligand platforms functionalized by tert-butyl groups in the 3 and 3' positions using the Suzuki cross-coupling methodology are presented. The Hangman platforms support multielectron chemistry mediated by proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET), as demonstrated by their ability to promote the catalytic disproportionation of hydrogen peroxide to oxygen and water via a high-valent metal oxo. The addition of the steric groups to the salen macrocycle leads to enhanced catalase activity by circumventing side reactions that sequester the catalyst off pathway. The stereochemistry imposed by the cyclohexanediamine backbone of the salen platform is revealed by the epoxidation of 1,2-dihydronapthalene by a variety of oxidants. Improved enantiomeric excess and catalase activity as compared to sterically unmodified counterparts establishes the efficacy of the tert-butyl groups in promoting PCET catalysis on the Hangman platform.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Y Yang
- Department of Chemistry, 6-335, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
91
|
Soper JD, Kryatov SV, Rybak-Akimova EV, Nocera DG. Proton-Directed Redox Control of O−O Bond Activation by Heme Hydroperoxidase Models. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:5069-75. [PMID: 17397153 DOI: 10.1021/ja0683032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Hangman metalloporphyrin complexes poise an acid-base group over a redox-active metal center and in doing so allow the "pull" effect of the secondary coordination environment of the heme cofactor of hydroperoxidase enzymes to be modeled. Stopped-flow investigations have been performed to decipher the influence of a proton-donor group on O-O bond activation. Low-temperature reactions of tetramesitylporphyrin (TMP) and Hangman iron complexes containing acid (HPX-CO2H) and methyl ester (HPX-CO2Me) functional groups with peroxyacids generate high-valent Fe=O active sites. Reactions of peroxyacids with (TMP)FeIII(OH) and methyl ester Hangman (HPX-CO2Me)FeIII(OH) give both O-O heterolysis and homolysis products, Compound I (Cpd I) and Compound II (Cpd II), respectively. However, only the former is observed when the hanging group is the acid, (HPX-CO2H)FeIII(OH), because odd-electron homolytic O-O bond cleavage is inhibited. This proton-controlled, 2e- (heterolysis) vs 1e- (homolysis) redox specificity sheds light on the exceptional catalytic performance of the Hangman metalloporphyrin complexes and provides tangible benchmarks for using proton-coupled multielectron reactions to catalyze O-O bond-breaking and bond-making reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jake D Soper
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge Massachusetts 02139-4207, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
92
|
Carvalho ASL, Ferreira BS, Neves-Petersen MT, Petersen SB, Aires-Barros MR, Melo EP. Thermal denaturation of HRPA2: pH-dependent conformational changes. Enzyme Microb Technol 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2006.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
93
|
Kumar S, Dutta A, Sinha AK, Sen J. Cloning, characterization and localization of a novel basic peroxidase gene from Catharanthus roseus. FEBS J 2007; 274:1290-303. [PMID: 17298442 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2007.05677.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don produces a number of biologically active terpenoid indole alkaloids via a complex terpenoid indole alkaloid biosynthetic pathway. The final dimerization step of this pathway, leading to the synthesis of a dimeric alkaloid, vinblastine, was demonstrated to be catalyzed by a basic peroxidase. However, reports of the gene encoding this enzyme are scarce for C. roseus. We report here for the first time the cloning, characterization and localization of a novel basic peroxidase, CrPrx, from C. roseus. A 394 bp partial peroxidase cDNA (CrInt1) was initially amplified from the internodal stem tissue, using degenerate oligonucleotide primers, and cloned. The full-length coding region of CrPrx cDNA was isolated by screening a leaf-specific cDNA library with CrInt1 as probe. The CrPrx nucleotide sequence encodes a deduced translation product of 330 amino acids with a 21 amino acid signal peptide, suggesting that CrPrx is secretory in nature. The molecular mass of this unprocessed and unmodified deduced protein is estimated to be 37.43 kDa, and the pI value is 8.68. CrPrx was found to belong to a 'three intron' category of gene that encodes a class III basic secretory peroxidase. CrPrx protein and mRNA were found to be present in specific organs and were regulated by different stress treatments. Using a beta-glucuronidase-green fluorescent protein fusion of CrPrx protein, we demonstrated that the fused protein is localized in leaf epidermal and guard cell walls of transiently transformed tobacco. We propose that CrPrx is involved in cell wall synthesis, and also that the gene is induced under methyl jasmonate treatment. Its potential involvement in the terpenoid indole alkaloid biosynthetic pathway is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Kumar
- National Centre for Plant Genome Research, JNU Campus, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110-067, India
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
94
|
Finkelstein IJ, Ishikawa H, Kim S, Massari AM, Fayer MD. Substrate binding and protein conformational dynamics measured by 2D-IR vibrational echo spectroscopy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007; 104:2637-42. [PMID: 17296942 PMCID: PMC1815234 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0610027104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzyme structural dynamics play a pivotal role in substrate binding and biological function, but the influence of substrate binding on enzyme dynamics has not been examined on fast time scales. In this work, picosecond dynamics of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) isoenzyme C in the free form and when ligated to a variety of small organic molecule substrates is studied by using 2D-IR vibrational echo spectroscopy. Carbon monoxide bound at the heme active site of HRP serves as a spectroscopic marker that is sensitive to the structural dynamics of the protein. In the free form, HRP assumes two distinct spectroscopic conformations that undergo fluctuations on a tens-of-picoseconds time scale. After substrate binding, HRP is locked into a single conformation that exhibits reduced amplitudes and slower time-scale structural dynamics. The decrease in carbon monoxide frequency fluctuations is attributed to reduced dynamic freedom of the distal histidine and the distal arginine, which are key residues in modulating substrate binding affinity. It is suggested that dynamic quenching caused by substrate binding can cause the protein to be locked into a conformation suitable for downstream steps in the enzymatic cycle of HRP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Haruto Ishikawa
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Seongheun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Aaron M. Massari
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - M. D. Fayer
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| |
Collapse
|
95
|
Finkelstein IJ, Zheng J, Ishikawa H, Kim S, Kwak K, Fayer MD. Probing dynamics of complex molecular systems with ultrafast 2D IR vibrational echo spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2007; 9:1533-49. [PMID: 17429547 DOI: 10.1039/b618158a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ultrafast 2D IR vibrational echo spectroscopy is described and a number of experimental examples are given. Details of the experimental method including the pulse sequence, heterodyne detection, and determination of the absorptive component of the 2D spectrum are outlined. As an initial example, the 2D spectrum of the stretching mode of CO bound to the protein myoglobin (MbCO) is presented. The time dependence of the 2D spectrum of MbCO, which is caused by protein structural evolution, is presented and its relationship to the frequency-frequency correlation function is described and used to make protein structural assignments based on comparisons to molecular dynamics simulations. The 2D vibrational echo experiments on the protein horseradish peroxidase are presented. The time dependence of the 2D spectra of the enzyme in the free form and with a substrate bound at the active site are compared and used to examine the influence of substrate binding on the protein's structural dynamics. The application of 2D vibrational echo spectroscopy to the study of chemical exchange under thermal equilibrium conditions is described. 2D vibrational echo chemical exchange spectroscopy is applied to the study of formation and dissociation of organic solute-solvent complexes and to the isomerization around a carbon-carbon single bond of an ethane derivative.
Collapse
|
96
|
Neves-Petersen MT, Klitgaard S, Carvalho ASL, Petersen SB, Aires de Barros MR, Pinho e Melo E. Photophysics and photochemistry of horseradish peroxidase A2 upon ultraviolet illumination. Biophys J 2006; 92:2016-27. [PMID: 17189303 PMCID: PMC1861803 DOI: 10.1529/biophysj.106.095455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Detailed analysis of the effects of ultraviolet (UV) and blue light illumination of horseradish peroxidase A2, a heme-containing enzyme that reduces H(2)O(2) to oxidize organic and inorganic compounds, is presented. The effects of increasing illumination time on the protein's enzymatic activity, Reinheitzahl value, fluorescence emission, fluorescence lifetime distribution, fluorescence mean lifetime, and heme absorption are reported. UV illumination leads to an exponential decay of the enzyme activity followed by changes in heme group absorption. Longer UV illumination time leads to lower T(m) values as well as helical content loss. Prolonged UV illumination and heme irradiation at 403 nm has a pronounced effect on the fluorescence quantum yield correlated with changes in the prosthetic group pocket, leading to a pronounced decrease in the heme's Soret absorbance band. Analysis of the picosecond-resolved fluorescence emission of horseradish peroxidase A2 with streak camera shows that UV illumination induces an exponential change in the preexponential factors distribution associated to the protein's fluorescence lifetimes, leading to an exponential increase of the mean fluorescence lifetime. Illumination of aromatic residues and of the heme group leads to changes indicative of heme leaving the molecule and/or that photoinduced chemical changes occur in the heme moiety. Our studies bring new insight into light-induced reactions in proteins. We show how streak camera technology can be of outstanding value to follow such ultrafast processes and how streak camera data can be correlated with protein structural changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Teresa Neves-Petersen
- Department of Physics and Nanotechnology, NanoBiotechnology Section, UltrafastBioSpectroscopy Group, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
97
|
Hersleth HP, Ryde U, Rydberg P, Görbitz CH, Andersson KK. Structures of the high-valent metal-ion haem–oxygen intermediates in peroxidases, oxygenases and catalases. J Inorg Biochem 2006; 100:460-76. [PMID: 16510192 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2006.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2005] [Revised: 01/09/2006] [Accepted: 01/09/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Peroxidases, oxygenases and catalases have similar high-valent metal-ion intermediates in their respective reaction cycles. In this review, haem-based examples will be discussed. The intermediates of the haem-containing enzymes have been extensively studied for many years by different spectroscopic methods like UV-Vis, EPR (electron paramagnetic resonance), resonance Raman, Mössbauer and MCD (magnetic circular dichroism). The first crystal structure of one of these high-valent intermediates was on cytochrome c peroxidase in 1987. Since then, structures have appeared for catalases in 1996, 2002, 2003, putatively for cytochrome P450 in 2000, for myoglobin in 2002, for horseradish peroxidase in 2002 and for cytochrome c peroxidase again in 1994 and 2003. This review will focus on the most recent structural investigations for the different intermediates of these proteins. The structures of these intermediates will also be viewed in light of quantum mechanical (QM) calculations on haem models. In particular quantum refinement, which is a combination of QM calculations and crystallography, will be discussed. Only small structural changes accompany the generation of these intermediates. The crystal structures show that the compound I state, with a so called pi-cation radical on the haem group, has a relatively short iron-oxygen bond (1.67-1.76A) in agreement with a double-bond character, while the compound II state or the compound I state with a radical on an amino acid residue have a relatively long iron-oxygen bond (1.86-1.92A) in agreement with a single-bond character where the oxygen-atom is protonated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Petter Hersleth
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033 Blindern, N-0315 Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
98
|
Hassani L, Ranjbar B, Khajeh K, Naderi-Manesh H, Naderi-Manesh M, Sadeghi M. Horseradish peroxidase thermostabilization: The combinatorial effects of the surface modification and the polyols. Enzyme Microb Technol 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2005.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
99
|
Heggie L, Jansen MAK, Burbridge EM, Kavanagh TA, Thorneley RNF, Dix PJ. Transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Samsun-NN) plants over-expressing a synthetic HRP-C gene are altered in growth, development and susceptibility to abiotic stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2005; 43:1067-73. [PMID: 16386428 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2005.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2005] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The physiological role of class III peroxidases (EC 1.11.1.7) in controlling plant growth and development has been investigated by over-expression of both native and heterologous peroxidases. However, it has remained an enigma as to why the phenotypes of different peroxidase over-expressing transgenics vary. In order to resolve the conflicting information about the consequences of peroxidase over-expression, we have explored the role of the subcellular targeting of HRP-C in controlling stem growth, root development, axillary branching and abiotic stress tolerance in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.). Altering the sub-cellular targeting of vacuolar HRP-C, such that over-expressed peroxidase accumulates in the cytoplasm and cell wall, induced phenotypic changes that are typically associated with altered auxin homeostasis, and over-expression of cell wall located peroxidases. We conclude that sub-cellular targeting is a determinant of the phenotype of peroxidase over-expressing plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Heggie
- Plant Cell Culture Unit, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
100
|
Howes BD, Brissett NC, Doyle WA, Smith AT, Smulevich G. Spectroscopic and kinetic properties of the horseradish peroxidase mutant T171S. Evidence for selective effects on the reduced state of the enzyme. FEBS J 2005; 272:5514-21. [PMID: 16262691 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2005.04943.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Studies on horseradish peroxidase C and other haem peroxidases have been carried out on selected mutants in the distal haem cavity providing insight into the functional importance of the distal residues. Recent work has demonstrated that proximal structural features can also exert an important influence in determining the electronic structure of the haem pocket. To extend our understanding of the significance of proximal characteristics in regulating haem properties the proximal Thr171Ser mutant has been constructed. Thr171 is an important linking residue between the structural proximal Ca2+ ion and the proximal haem ligand, in particular the methyl group of Thr171 interdigitates with other proximal residues in the core of the enzyme. Although the mutation induces no significant changes to the functional properties of the enzyme, electronic absorption and resonance Raman spectroscopy reveal that it has a highly selective affect on the reduced state of the enzyme, effectively stabilizing it, whilst the electronic properties of the Fe(III) state unchanged and essentially identical to those of the native protein. This results in a significant change in the Fe2+/Fe3+ redox potential of the mutant. It is concluded that the unusual properties of the Thr171Ser mutant reflect the loss of a structural restraint in the proximal haem pocket that allows 'slippage' of the proximal haem ligand, but only in the reduced state. This is a remarkably subtle and specific effect that appears to increase the flexibility of the reduced state of the mutant compared to that of the wild-type protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barry D Howes
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Firenze, Italy
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|