51
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Micro-algal biosensors. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 401:581-97. [PMID: 21626188 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-5107-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2011] [Revised: 05/04/2011] [Accepted: 05/13/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Fighting against water pollution requires the ability to detect pollutants for example herbicides or heavy metals. Micro-algae that live in marine and fresh water offer a versatile solution for the construction of novel biosensors. These photosynthetic microorganisms are very sensitive to changes in their environment, enabling the detection of traces of pollutants. Three groups of micro-algae are described in this paper: chlorophyta, cyanobacteria, and diatoms.
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52
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Zamaleeva AI, Sharipova IR, Shamagsumova RV, Ivanov AN, Evtugyn GA, Ishmuchametova DG, Fakhrullin RF. A whole-cell amperometric herbicide biosensor based on magnetically functionalised microalgae and screen-printed electrodes. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2011; 3:509-513. [PMID: 32938064 DOI: 10.1039/c0ay00627k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We report the fabrication of an amperometric whole-cell herbicide biosensor based on magnetic retention of living cells functionalised with magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) on the surface of a screen-printed electrode. We demonstrate that Chlorella pyrenoidosa microalgae cells coated with biocompatible MNPs and retained on the electrode with a permanent magnet act as a sensing element for the fast detection of herbicides. The magnetic functionalisation does not affect the viability and photosynthesis activity-mediated triazine herbicide recognition in microalgae. The current of ferricyanide ion was recorded during alternating illumination periods and biosensor fabricated was used to detect atrazine (from 0.9 to 74 µM) and propazine (from 0.6 to 120 µM) (the limits of detection 0.7 and 0.4 µM, respectively). We believe that the methodology presented here can be widely used in fabrication of a number of whole cell biosensors since it allows for efficient and reversible cells immobilisation and does not affect the cellular metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alsu I Zamaleeva
- Biomaterials and Nanomaterials Group, Department of Biochemistry, Kazan (Idel buye/Volga region) Federal University, Kreml uramı 18, Kazan, 420008, Republic of Tatarstan, RF.
| | - Ilziya R Sharipova
- Biomaterials and Nanomaterials Group, Department of Biochemistry, Kazan (Idel buye/Volga region) Federal University, Kreml uramı 18, Kazan, 420008, Republic of Tatarstan, RF.
| | - Rezeda V Shamagsumova
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Kazan (Idel buye/Volga region) Federal University, Kreml uramı 18, Kazan, 420008, Republic of Tatarstan, RF
| | - Alexey N Ivanov
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Kazan (Idel buye/Volga region) Federal University, Kreml uramı 18, Kazan, 420008, Republic of Tatarstan, RF
| | - Gennady A Evtugyn
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Kazan (Idel buye/Volga region) Federal University, Kreml uramı 18, Kazan, 420008, Republic of Tatarstan, RF
| | - Dilara G Ishmuchametova
- Biomaterials and Nanomaterials Group, Department of Biochemistry, Kazan (Idel buye/Volga region) Federal University, Kreml uramı 18, Kazan, 420008, Republic of Tatarstan, RF.
| | - Rawil F Fakhrullin
- Biomaterials and Nanomaterials Group, Department of Biochemistry, Kazan (Idel buye/Volga region) Federal University, Kreml uramı 18, Kazan, 420008, Republic of Tatarstan, RF.
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53
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Kvíderová J. Rapid algal toxicity assay using variable chlorophyll fluorescence for Chlorella kessleri (chlorophyta). ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2010; 25:554-563. [PMID: 19551890 DOI: 10.1002/tox.20516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Three methods of algal assays--the standard assay, microassay, and the proposed fluorescence assay--are compared from the point of view of reliability of EC50 detection, the minimum required time for the detection, sensitivity of individual measurement, i.e. at which cell density the particular assay can be used for EC50 estimation, and the time stability of the EC50 values. The assays were performed with green alga Chlorella kessleri strain LARG/1 growing in potassium dichromate solution in Z-medium ranging from 0.01 to 100 mg Cr L⁻¹. The inoculation cell density was set according to the standards to 10⁴ cells mL⁻¹ and according to spectrophotometer/plate reader detection limit. The average EC50 ranged from 0.096 to 0.649 mg Cr L⁻¹ and there were no significant differences in EC50 between the assay type and the inoculation methods with the exception of the significant difference between EC(c)50₇₂ (EC50 established from biomass measured as chlorophyll a concentration after 72 h of cultivation) in the standard assay and EC(r)50 (EC50 derived from growth rate) in the microassay in the standard inoculation experiment due to low variability of their values. The EC(f)50 (EC50 derived from variable fluorescence measurement) values correspond to EC50 values derived from the growth rates. Fluorescence measurement revealed the toxic effect of the chromium after 24 h of exposure at cell density of 5 x 10⁴ cells mL⁻¹, less by half than other used assay methods. The positive correlation of EC(f)50 and time was found in the standard inoculation experiment but opposite effect was observed at the spectrophotometric one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Kvíderová
- Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Dukelská 135, 379 82, Třeboň, Czech Republic.
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54
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Shin HJ. Genetically engineered microbial biosensors for in situ monitoring of environmental pollution. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2010; 89:867-77. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-010-2990-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2010] [Revised: 10/27/2010] [Accepted: 10/27/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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55
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Eltzov E, Marks RS. Whole-cell aquatic biosensors. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 400:895-913. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-4084-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2010] [Revised: 07/13/2010] [Accepted: 08/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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56
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Ventrella A, Catucci L, Agostiano A. Herbicides affect fluorescence and electron transfer activity of spinach chloroplasts, thylakoid membranes and isolated Photosystem II. Bioelectrochemistry 2010; 79:43-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2009.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2009] [Revised: 10/30/2009] [Accepted: 10/31/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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57
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Del Carlo M, Compagnone D. Recent strategies for the biological sensing of pesticides: from the design to the application in real samples. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s12566-010-0012-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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58
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Biosensors for effective environmental and agrifood protection and commercialization: from research to market. Mikrochim Acta 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-010-0313-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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59
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Amperometric screen-printed algal biosensor with flow injection analysis system for detection of environmental toxic compounds. Electrochim Acta 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2009.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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60
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Peña-Vázquez E, Maneiro E, Pérez-Conde C, Moreno-Bondi MC, Costas E. Microalgae fiber optic biosensors for herbicide monitoring using sol-gel technology. Biosens Bioelectron 2009; 24:3538-43. [PMID: 19497732 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2009.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2009] [Revised: 04/19/2009] [Accepted: 05/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Three microalgal species (Dictyosphaerium chlorelloides (D.c.), Scenedesmus intermedius (S.i.) and Scenedesmus sp. (S.s.)) were encapsulated in silicate sol-gel matrices and the increase in the amount of chlorophyll fluorescence signal was used to quantify simazine. Influence of several parameters on the preparation of the sensing layers has been evaluated: effect of pH on sol-gel gelation time; effect of algae density on sensor response; influence of glycerol (%) on the membrane stability. Long term stability was also tested and the fluorescence signal from biosensors remained stable for at least 3 weeks. D.c. biosensor presented the lowest detection limits for simazine (3.6 microg L(-1)) and the broadest dynamic calibration range (19-860 microg L(-1)) with IC(50) 125+/-14 microg L(-1). Biosensor was validated by HPLC with UV/DAD detection. The biosensor showed response to those herbicides that inhibit the photosynthesis at photosystem II (triazines: simazine, atrazine, propazine, terbuthylazine; urea based herbicides: linuron). However, no significant increases of fluorescence response was obtained for similar concentrations of 2,4-D (hormonal herbicide) or Cu(II). The combined use of two biosensors that use two different genotypes, sensitive and resistant to simazine, jointly allowed improving microalgae biosensor specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Peña-Vázquez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Bromatology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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61
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Tatsuma T, Yoshida Y, Shitanda I, Notsu H. Algal biosensor array on a single electrode. Analyst 2009; 134:223-5. [DOI: 10.1039/b819040b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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62
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A self-assembled monolayers based conductometric algal whole cell biosensor for water monitoring. Mikrochim Acta 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-008-0017-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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63
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Chong KF, Loh KP, Ang K, Ting YP. Whole cell environmental biosensor on diamond. Analyst 2008; 133:739-43. [DOI: 10.1039/b719881g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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64
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65
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Sol–gel process for vegetal cell encapsulation. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2006.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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66
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Nguyen-Ngoc H, Tran-Minh C. Fluorescent biosensor using whole cells in an inorganic translucent matrix. Anal Chim Acta 2007; 583:161-5. [PMID: 17386541 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2006.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2006] [Revised: 09/27/2006] [Accepted: 10/04/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
An optical biosensor based on vegetal cells entrapped in an inorganic translucent matrix and fluorescence detection has been developed. The biosensor uses Chlorella vulgaris immobilized in a translucent support produced from sol-gel technology. The translucence of the structure enables the algal active layer to be placed directly in contact with the optical fibers for fluorescence detection. This configuration has many advantages over the use of an opaque support because no space between the optical fibers and the active layer is required to collect fluorescence. This reagentless biosensor allows determination of diuron as an anti-PSII herbicide and its long term activity is assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanh Nguyen-Ngoc
- University of Technology HCM, 268 rue Ly Thuong Kiet, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam
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67
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González-Barreiro O, Rioboo C, Herrero C, Cid A. Removal of triazine herbicides from freshwater systems using photosynthetic microorganisms. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2006; 144:266-71. [PMID: 16488522 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2005.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2004] [Accepted: 12/09/2005] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The uptake of the triazine herbicides, atrazine and terbutryn, was determined for two freshwater photosynthetic microorganisms, the green microalga Chlorella vulgaris and the cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus. An extremely rapid uptake of both pesticides was recorded, although uptake rate was lower for the cyanobacterium, mainly for atrazine. Other parameters related to the herbicide bioconcentration capacity of these microorganisms were also studied. Growth rate, biomass, and cell viability in cultures containing herbicide were clearly affected by herbicide uptake. Herbicide toxicity and microalgae sensitivity were used to determine the effectiveness of the bioconcentration process and the stability of herbicide removal. C. vulgaris showed higher bioconcentration capability for these two triazine herbicides than S. elongatus, especially with regard to terbutryn. This study supports the usefulness of such microorganisms, as a bioremediation technique in freshwater systems polluted with triazine herbicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- O González-Barreiro
- Laboratorio de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de A Coruña, Campus da Zapateira s/n. 15071 A Coruña, Spain
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68
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Wiest J, Stadthagen T, Schmidhuber M, Brischwein M, Ressler J, Raeder U, Grothe H, Melzer A, Wolf B. Intelligent Mobile Lab for Metabolics in Environmental Monitoring. ANAL LETT 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/00032710600714089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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69
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Rodriguez-Mozaz S, Lopez de Alda MJ, Barceló D. Biosensors as useful tools for environmental analysis and monitoring. Anal Bioanal Chem 2006; 386:1025-41. [PMID: 16807703 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-006-0574-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2006] [Revised: 04/23/2006] [Accepted: 05/22/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in the development and application of biosensors for environmental analysis and monitoring are reviewed in this article. Several examples of biosensors developed for relevant environmental pollutants and parameters are briefly overviewed. Special attention is paid to the application of biosensors to real environmental samples, taking into consideration aspects such as sample pretreatment, matrix effects and validation of biosensor measurements. Current trends in biosensor development are also considered and commented on in this work. In this context, nanotechnology, miniaturisation, multi-sensor array development and, especially, biotechnology arise as fast-growing areas that will have a marked influence on the development of new biosensing strategies in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Rodriguez-Mozaz
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IIQAB-CSIC, C/ Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain.
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70
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Ionescu R, Abu-Rabeah K, Cosnier S, Durrieu C, Chovelon JM, Marks R. Amperometric AlgalChlorella vulgaris Cell Biosensors Based on Alginate and Polypyrrole-Alginate Gels. ELECTROANAL 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200603506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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71
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Kumar J, Jha SK, D'Souza SF. Optical microbial biosensor for detection of methyl parathion pesticide using Flavobacterium sp. whole cells adsorbed on glass fiber filters as disposable biocomponent. Biosens Bioelectron 2006; 21:2100-5. [PMID: 16298521 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2005.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2005] [Revised: 10/11/2005] [Accepted: 10/17/2005] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
An optical microbial biosensor was described for the detection of methyl parathion pesticide. Whole cells of Flavobacterium sp. were immobilized by trapping in glass fiber filter and were used as biocomponent along with optic fiber system. Flavobacterium sp. has the organophosphorus hydrolase enzyme, which hydrolyzes the methyl parathion into detectable product p-nitrophenol. The immobilized microbial biocomponent was disposable, cost-effective and showed high reproducibility and uniformity. The detection of methyl parathion by the use of disposable microbial biocomponent with optical biosensor was simple, single step and direct measurement of very low quantity of the sample. The home made reaction vessel was small and needed only 75 microl of sample. A lower detection limit 0.3 microM methyl parathion was estimated from the linear range (4-80 microM) of calibration plot of organophosphorus hydrolase enzymatic assay. The applicability to synthetic methyl parathion spiked samples was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitendra Kumar
- Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, India
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72
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73
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Kröger S, Law RJ. Biosensors for marine applications. We all need the sea, but does the sea need biosensors? Biosens Bioelectron 2005; 20:1903-13. [PMID: 15741057 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2004.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2004] [Revised: 08/12/2004] [Accepted: 08/12/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the paper is to explain the rationale behind marine biosensor applications, give an overview of measurement strategies currently employed, summarise some of the relevant available biosensor technology as well as instrumentation requirements for marine sensors and attempt a forward look at what the future might hold in terms of needs and developments. Application areas considered are eutrophication, organism detection, food safety, pollutants, trace metals and ecotoxicology. The drivers for many of these studies are discussed and the policy environment for current and future measurements is outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silke Kröger
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, CEFAS Lowestoft Laboratory, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0HT, UK.
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74
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Bengtson Nash SM, Quayle PA, Schreiber U, Müller JF. The selection of a model microalgal species as biomaterial for a novel aquatic phytotoxicity assay. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2005; 72:315-326. [PMID: 15848251 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2005.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2004] [Revised: 01/21/2005] [Accepted: 02/07/2005] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A phytotoxicity assay based on the ToxY-PAM dual-channel yield analyser has been developed and successfully incorporated into field assessments for the detection of phytotoxicants in water. As a means of further exploring the scope of the assay application and of selecting a model biomaterial to complement the instrument design, nine algal species were exposed to four chemical substances deemed of priority for water quality monitoring purposes (chlorpyrifos, copper, diuron and nonylphenol ethoxylate). Inter-species differences in sensitivity to the four toxicants varied by a factor of 1.9-100. Measurements of photosystem-II quantum yield using these nine single-celled microalgae as biomaterial corroborated previous studies which have shown that the ToxY-PAM dual-channel yield analyser is a highly sensitive method for the detection of PS-II impacting herbicides. Besides Phaeodactylum tricornutum, the previously applied biomaterial, three other species consistently performed well (Nitzschia closterium, Chlorella vulgaris and Dunaliella tertiolecta) and will be used in further test optimisation experiments. In addition to sensitivity, response time was evaluated and revealed a high degree of variation between species and toxicants. While most species displayed relatively weak and slow responses to copper, C. vulgaris demonstrated an IC10 of 51 microgL-1, with maximum response measured within 25 minutes and inhibition being accompanied by a large decrease in fluorescence yield. The potential for this C. vulgaris-based bioassay to be used for the detection of copper is discussed. There was no evidence that the standard ToxY-PAM protocol, using these unicellular algae species, could be used for the detection of chlorpyrifos or nonylphenol ethoxylate at environmentally relevant levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Bengtson Nash
- The National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4108, Australia.
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75
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Abstract
Photosynthetic proteins are a source of biological material well-suited to technological applications. They exhibit light-induced electron transfer across lipid membranes that can be exploited for the construction of photo-optical electrical devices. The structure and function of photosynthetic proteins differ across the photosynthetic evolutionary scale, allowing for their application in a range of technologies. Here we provide a general description of the basic and technical research in this sector and an overview of biochips and biosensors based on photochemical activity that have been developed for the bioassay of pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Teresa Giardi
- Institute of Crystallography, National Council of Research, Department of Molecular Design and Nanotechnology, Area of Research of Rome, Via Salaria Km 29.300, 00016 Monterotondo scalo Rome, Italy
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76
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Abstract
The development of the 'ecosystem approach' to the management of marine systems is leading to a requirement for data to be collected with greater frequency and spatial resolution than has been necessary in the past. This is being met both by the analysis of more samples (to better describe variability and temporal change) and by the deployment of instrumented platforms that gather data over long time periods. To meet these requirements in the hostile conditions at sea, a range of sensors based on physical, chemical and biological responses is being developed. These sensors have applications in laboratory analysis of collected samples, during field studies and directly in situ at remote sites for real-time observations of environmental trends. Here, we consider the role that biosensors could have in future marine monitoring programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silke Kröger
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science Lowestoft Laboratory, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk, NR33 0HT, UK.
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77
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Shitanda I, Takada K, Sakai Y, Tatsuma T. Compact amperometric algal biosensors for the evaluation of water toxicity. Anal Chim Acta 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2004.09.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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78
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Durrieu C, Chouteau C, Barthet L, Chovelon J, Tran‐Minh C. A Bi‐enzymatic Whole‐Cell Algal Biosensor for Monitoring Waste Water Pollutants. ANAL LETT 2004. [DOI: 10.1081/al-120037589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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79
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Altamirano M, García-Villada L, Agrelo M, Sánchez-Martín L, Martín-Otero L, Flores-Moya A, Rico M, López-Rodas V, Costas E. A novel approach to improve specificity of algal biosensors using wild-type and resistant mutants: an application to detect TNT. Biosens Bioelectron 2004; 19:1319-23. [PMID: 15046765 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2003.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2003] [Revised: 10/01/2003] [Accepted: 11/05/2003] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A new genetic approach was developed for increasing specificity of microalgal biosensors. This method is based on the use of two different genotypes jointly to detect a given pollutant: (i) a sensitive genotype to obtain sensitivity; and (ii) a resistant mutant to obtain specificity. The method was tested by the development of a microalgal biosensor for the detection of the explosive 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) using a wild-type strain (DcG1wt) of Dictyosphaerium chlorelloides (Chlorophyceae) as the sensitive organism, and a TNT-resistant mutant, obtained from DcG1wt strain by a modified Luria-Delbrück fluctuation analysis. The inhibition of chlorophyll a fluorescence of PSII by TNT was used as the biological signal. Significant differences in maximal fluorescence of light-adapted algae (F'(m)) between wild-type DcG1wt cells and TNT-resistant mutants, were observed in all the TNT concentrations tested (from 0.5 to 31.3 mg l(-1)) after only 3 min of exposure. Resistant mutants always exhibited significant higher F'(m) values in the presence of TNT than wild-type cells. These results suggest that the use of two different genotypes (sensitive and resistant to a given pollutant) jointly is a useful method to improve microalgal biosensors specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Altamirano
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal (Botánica), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, E-29071 Málaga, Spain
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80
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Podola B, Nowack ECM, Melkonian M. The use of multiple-strain algal sensor chips for the detection and identification of volatile organic compounds. Biosens Bioelectron 2004; 19:1253-60. [PMID: 15046757 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2003.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2003] [Revised: 11/14/2003] [Accepted: 11/19/2003] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Although biosensors detecting a great variety of toxicants have been developed during the last decades, the simultaneous detection and identification of several targets by one biosensor is not possible in the majority of the biosensor systems. In our study we proved the concept of the detection and identification of two different volatile toxic compounds with a non-selective biochip-based algal biosensor. For that purpose we produced array plate biochips to utilise three membrane-immobilised algal strains of genus Klebsormidium and Chlorella in one biosensor system. A novel IMAGING-PAM chlorophyll fluorometer was applied to measure the impact of volatile organic compounds (VOC) on photosynthesis of chip-immobilized algae in terms of quantum efficiency of electron transport (DeltaF/F'm). Formaldehyde (FA) vapour was detectable with statistical significance in concentrations relevant to human health from 10 ppb to 10 ppm. The biosensor response recorded within minutes was concentration-dependent and reversible. Moreover, vapours of formaldehyde (0.05-1 ppm) and methanol (MeOH) (200-1000 ppm) were significantly identified by the compound-specific response rate as a quotient of the biosensor responses of the respective algal strains. Using the IMAGING-PAM chlorophyll fluorometer, data sampling proved to be highly efficient. Based on our results we conclude that the principle of the algal sensor chip (ASC) suggests further research on the detection and identification of VOCs and other toxic substances in gaseous environment with that biochip system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Podola
- Botanisches Institut, Universität zu Köln, Lehrstuhl 1, Gyrhofstrasse 15, D-50931 Köln, Germany.
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