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Wegley Kelly L, Nelson CE, Petras D, Koester I, Quinlan ZA, Arts MGI, Nothias LF, Comstock J, White BM, Hopmans EC, van Duyl FC, Carlson CA, Aluwihare LI, Dorrestein PC, Haas AF. Distinguishing the molecular diversity, nutrient content, and energetic potential of exometabolomes produced by macroalgae and reef-building corals. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:2110283119. [PMID: 35101918 PMCID: PMC8812564 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2110283119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolites exuded by primary producers comprise a significant fraction of marine dissolved organic matter, a poorly characterized, heterogenous mixture that dictates microbial metabolism and biogeochemical cycling. We present a foundational untargeted molecular analysis of exudates released by coral reef primary producers using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to examine compounds produced by two coral species and three types of algae (macroalgae, turfing microalgae, and crustose coralline algae [CCA]) from Mo'orea, French Polynesia. Of 10,568 distinct ion features recovered from reef and mesocosm waters, 1,667 were exuded by producers; the majority (86%) were organism specific, reflecting a clear divide between coral and algal exometabolomes. These data allowed us to examine two tenets of coral reef ecology at the molecular level. First, stoichiometric analyses show a significantly reduced nominal carbon oxidation state of algal exometabolites than coral exometabolites, illustrating one ecological mechanism by which algal phase shifts engender fundamental changes in the biogeochemistry of reef biomes. Second, coral and algal exometabolomes were differentially enriched in organic macronutrients, revealing a mechanism for reef nutrient-recycling. Coral exometabolomes were enriched in diverse sources of nitrogen and phosphorus, including tyrosine derivatives, oleoyl-taurines, and acyl carnitines. Exometabolites of CCA and turf algae were significantly enriched in nitrogen with distinct signals from polyketide macrolactams and alkaloids, respectively. Macroalgal exometabolomes were dominated by nonnitrogenous compounds, including diverse prenol lipids and steroids. This study provides molecular-level insights into biogeochemical cycling on coral reefs and illustrates how changing benthic cover on reefs influences reef water chemistry with implications for microbial metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Wegley Kelly
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037;
| | - Craig E Nelson
- Daniel K. Inouye Center for Microbial Oceanography, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822
| | - Daniel Petras
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
- CMFI Cluster of Excellence, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Medicine, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Irina Koester
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Zachary A Quinlan
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182
| | - Milou G I Arts
- Department of Microbiology & Biogeochemistry, NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Texel, The Netherlands
| | - Louis-Felix Nothias
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Jacqueline Comstock
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106
| | - Brandie M White
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182
| | - Ellen C Hopmans
- Department of Microbiology & Biogeochemistry, NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Texel, The Netherlands
| | - Fleur C van Duyl
- Department of Microbiology & Biogeochemistry, NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Texel, The Netherlands
| | - Craig A Carlson
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106
| | - Lihini I Aluwihare
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Pieter C Dorrestein
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Andreas F Haas
- Department of Microbiology & Biogeochemistry, NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Texel, The Netherlands;
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Wray J, Keen E, O’Mahony ÉN. Social survival: Humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) use social structure to partition ecological niches within proposed critical habitat. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0245409. [PMID: 34161375 PMCID: PMC8221492 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal culture and social bonds are relevant to wildlife conservation because they influence patterns of geography, behavior, and strategies of survival. Numerous examples of socially-driven habitat partitioning and ecological-niche specialization can be found among vertebrates, including toothed whales. But such social-ecological dynamics, described here as ‘social niche partitioning’, are not known among baleen whales, whose societies—particularly on foraging grounds—are largely perceived as unstructured and incidental to matters of habitat use and conservation. However, through 16 years of behavioral observations and photo-identifications of humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) feeding within a fjord system in the Canadian Pacific (primarily within Gitga’at First Nation waters), we have documented long-term pair bonds (up to 12 years) as well as a complex societal structure, which corresponds closely to persistent patterns in feeding strategy, long-term site fidelity (extended occupancy and annual rate of return up to 75%), specific geographic preferences within the fjord system, and other forms of habitat use. Randomization tests of network congruency and clustering algorithms were used to test for overlap in patterns of social structure and habitat use, which confirmed the occurrence of social niche partitioning on the feeding grounds of this baleen whale species. In addition, we document the extensive practice of group bubble net feeding in Pacific Canada. This coordinated feeding behavior was found to strongly mediate the social structure and habitat use within this humpback whale society. Additionally, during our 2004–2019 study, we observed a shift in social network structure in 2010–2012, which corresponded with environmental and demographic shifts including a sudden decline in the population’s calving rate. Our findings indicate that the social lives of humpback whales, and perhaps baleen whales generally, are more complex than previously supposed and should be a primary consideration in the assessment of potential impacts to important habitat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janie Wray
- North Coast Cetacean Society, Alert Bay, British Columbia, Canada
- Pacific Orca Society, Alert Bay, British Columbia, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Eric Keen
- North Coast Cetacean Society, Alert Bay, British Columbia, Canada
- Marine Ecology & Telemetry Research, Seabeck, Washington, United States of America
- Sewanee: The University of the South, Sewanee, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Éadin N. O’Mahony
- North Coast Cetacean Society, Alert Bay, British Columbia, Canada
- Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St Andrews, East Sands, St Andrews, United Kingdom
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Gemery L, Cronin TM, Cooper LW, Dowsett HJ, Grebmeier JM. Biogeography and ecology of Ostracoda in the U.S. northern Bering, Chukchi, and Beaufort Seas. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251164. [PMID: 33984001 PMCID: PMC8118254 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ostracoda (bivalved Crustacea) comprise a significant part of the benthic meiofauna in the Pacific-Arctic region, including more than 50 species, many with identifiable ecological tolerances. These species hold potential as useful indicators of past and future ecosystem changes. In this study, we examined benthic ostracodes from nearly 300 surface sediment samples, >34,000 specimens, from three regions—the northern Bering, Chukchi and Beaufort Seas—to establish species’ ecology and distribution. Samples were collected during various sampling programs from 1970 through 2018 on the continental shelves at 20 to ~100m water depth. Ordination analyses using species’ relative frequencies identified six species, Normanicythere leioderma, Sarsicytheridea bradii, Paracyprideis pseudopunctillata, Semicytherura complanata, Schizocythere ikeyai, and Munseyella mananensis, as having diagnostic habitat ranges in bottom water temperatures, salinities, sediment substrates and/or food sources. Species relative abundances and distributions can be used to infer past bottom environmental conditions in sediment archives for paleo-reconstructions and to characterize potential changes in Pacific-Arctic ecosystems in future sampling studies. Statistical analyses further showed ostracode assemblages grouped by the summer water masses influencing the area. Offshore-to-nearshore transects of samples across different water masses showed that complex water mass characteristics, such as bottom temperature, productivity, as well as sediment texture, influenced the relative frequencies of ostracode species over small spatial scales. On the larger biogeographic scale, synoptic ordination analyses showed dominant species—N. leioderma (Bering Sea), P. pseudopunctillata (offshore Chukchi and Beaufort Seas), and S. bradii (all regions)—remained fairly constant over recent decades. However, during 2013–2018, northern Pacific species M. mananensis and S. ikeyai increased in abundance by small but significant proportions in the Chukchi Sea region compared to earlier years. It is yet unclear if these assemblage changes signify a meiofaunal response to changing water mass properties and if this trend will continue in the future. Our new ecological data on ostracode species and biogeography suggest these hypotheses can be tested with future benthic monitoring efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Gemery
- U.S. Geological Survey, Florence Bascom Geoscience Center, Reston, VA, United States of America
- Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Sciences, Solomons, MD, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Thomas M. Cronin
- U.S. Geological Survey, Florence Bascom Geoscience Center, Reston, VA, United States of America
| | - Lee W. Cooper
- Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Sciences, Solomons, MD, United States of America
| | - Harry J. Dowsett
- U.S. Geological Survey, Florence Bascom Geoscience Center, Reston, VA, United States of America
| | - Jacqueline M. Grebmeier
- Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Sciences, Solomons, MD, United States of America
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Daniotti S, Re I. Marine Biotechnology: Challenges and Development Market Trends for the Enhancement of Biotic Resources in Industrial Pharmaceutical and Food Applications. A Statistical Analysis of Scientific Literature and Business Models. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19020061. [PMID: 33530360 PMCID: PMC7912129 DOI: 10.3390/md19020061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Biotechnology is an essential tool for the sustainable exploitation of marine resources, although the full development of their potential is complicated by a series of cognitive and technological limitations. Thanks to an innovative systematic approach that combines the meta-analysis of 620 articles produced worldwide with 29 high TRL (Technology Readiness Level) European funded projects, the study provides an assessment of the growth prospects of blue biotechnologies, with a focus on pharmaceutical and food applications, and the most promising technologies to overcome the main challenges in the commercialization of marine products. The results show a positive development trend, with publications more than doubled from 2010 (36) to 2019 (70). Biochemical and molecular characterization, with 150 studies, is the most widely used technology. However, the emerging technologies in basic research are omics technologies, pharmacological analysis and bioinformatics, which have doubled the number of publications in the last five years. On the other hand, technologies for optimizing the conditions of cultivation, harvesting and extraction are central to most business models with immediate commercial exploitation (65% of high-TRL selected projects), especially in food and nutraceutical applications. This research offers a starting point for future research to overcome all those obstacles that restrict the marketing of products derived from organisms.
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Chiu HY, Lin LY, Chen Y, Liu ER, Li HH. A New Method for Collecting Large Amounts of Symbiotic Gastrodermal Cells from Octocorals. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21113911. [PMID: 32486176 PMCID: PMC7313047 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of cnidarian-dinoflagellate endosymbiosis in octocorals is becoming increasingly important. As symbiotic gastrodermal cells (SGCs) are the key cells in a symbiotic relationship, obtaining SGCs and studying their functions represent an urgent need. The majority of the cells dissociated from octocoral tissues consist of host cells and algal cells, and very few intact SGCs can be observed. To solve this problem, we developed a new method to collect large amounts of SGCs from octocorals. We incubated the tissue of Sinularia flexibilis in high-salinity (60‰) filtered seawater for 6 h and were able to collect more than 18 times the number of SGCs from the control group. To test the quality of the dissociated cells, we performed three assays to evaluate their cell viability. All three assays demonstrated that cell viability was good after incubating in a high-salinity solution. We also used two other octocorals, Paralemnalia thyrsoides and Sinularia compressa, to perform the same experiment, and the results were similar to those for Sinularia flexibilis. Therefore, a high-salinity-induced increase in the SGC ratio is a common phenomenon among octocorals. This method allows researchers to collect large amounts of SGCs from octocorals and helps us to better understand the complex molecular interactions in cnidarian-dinoflagellate endosymbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiang-Yi Chiu
- Taiwan Coral Research Center, National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Pingtung 94450, Taiwan; (H.-Y.C.); (L.-Y.L.)
| | - Li-Yi Lin
- Taiwan Coral Research Center, National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Pingtung 94450, Taiwan; (H.-Y.C.); (L.-Y.L.)
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Oceanography, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung City 80424, Taiwan;
| | - En-Ru Liu
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81143, Taiwan;
| | - Hsing-Hui Li
- Taiwan Coral Research Center, National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Pingtung 94450, Taiwan; (H.-Y.C.); (L.-Y.L.)
- Graduate Institute of Marine Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Pingtung 94450, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-8-8824632
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Abstract
BACKGROUND One hundred years ago, marine organisms were the dominant systems for the study of developmental biology. The challenges in rearing these organisms outside of a marine setting ultimately contributed to a shift towards work on a smaller number of so-called model systems. Those animals are typically non-marine organisms with advantages afforded by short life cycles, high fecundity, and relative ease in laboratory culture. However, a full understanding of biodiversity, evolution, and anthropogenic effects on biological systems requires a broader survey of development in the animal kingdom. To this day, marine organisms remain relatively understudied, particularly the members of the Lophotrochozoa (Spiralia), which include well over one third of the metazoan phyla (such as the annelids, mollusks, flatworms) and exhibit a tremendous diversity of body plans and developmental modes. To facilitate studies of this group, we have previously described the development and culture of one lophotrochozoan representative, the slipper snail Crepidula atrasolea, which is easy to rear in recirculating marine aquaria. Lab-based culture and rearing of larger populations of animals remain a general challenge for many marine organisms, particularly for inland laboratories. RESULTS Here, we describe the development of an automated marine aquatic rack system for the high-density culture of marine species, which is particularly well suited for rearing filter-feeding animals. Based on existing freshwater recirculating aquatic rack systems, our system is specific to the needs of marine organisms and incorporates robust filtration measures to eliminate wastes, reducing the need for regular water changes. In addition, this system incorporates sensors and associated equipment for automated assessment and adjustment of water quality. An automated feeding system permits precise delivery of liquid food (e.g., phytoplankton) throughout the day, mimicking real-life feeding conditions that contribute to increased growth rates and fecundity. CONCLUSION This automated system makes laboratory culture of marine animals feasible for both large and small research groups, significantly reducing the time, labor, and overall costs needed to rear these organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Q Henry
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Illinois, 601 South Goodwin Ave., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
| | - Maryna P Lesoway
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Illinois, 601 South Goodwin Ave., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Kimberly J Perry
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Illinois, 601 South Goodwin Ave., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
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Sheehan EV, Bridger D, Nancollas SJ, Pittman SJ. PelagiCam: a novel underwater imaging system with computer vision for semi-automated monitoring of mobile marine fauna at offshore structures. Environ Monit Assess 2019; 192:11. [PMID: 31807930 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-019-7980-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Engineered structures in the open ocean are becoming more frequent with the expansion of the marine renewable energy industry and offshore marine aquaculture. Floating engineered structures function as artificial patch reefs providing novel and relatively stable habitat structure not otherwise available in the pelagic water column. The enhanced physical structure can increase local biodiversity and benefit fisheries yet can also facilitate the spread of invasive species. Clear evidence of any ecological consequences will inform the design and placement of structures to either minimise negative impacts or enhance ecosystem restoration. The development of rapid, cost-effective and reliable remote underwater monitoring methods is crucial to supporting evidence-based decision-making by planning authorities and developers when assessing environmental risks and benefits of offshore structures. A novel, un-baited midwater video system, PelagiCam, with motion-detection software (MotionMeerkat) for semi-automated monitoring of mobile marine fauna, was developed and tested on the UK's largest offshore rope-cultured mussel farm in Lyme Bay, southwest England. PelagiCam recorded Atlantic horse mackerel (Trachurus trachurus), garfish (Belone belone) and two species of jellyfish (Chrysaora hysoscella and Rhizostoma pulmo) in open water close to the floating farm structure. The software successfully distinguished video frames where fishes were present versus absent. The PelagiCam system provides a cost-effective remote monitoring tool to streamline biological data acquisition in impact assessments of offshore floating structures. With the rise of sophisticated artificial intelligence for object recognition, the integration of computer vision techniques should receive more attention in marine ecology and has great potential to revolutionise marine biological monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma V Sheehan
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drakes Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Danielle Bridger
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drakes Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Sarah J Nancollas
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drakes Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Simon J Pittman
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drakes Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
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Conkling M, Hesp K, Munroe S, Sandoval K, Martens DE, Sipkema D, Wijffels RH, Pomponi SA. Breakthrough in Marine Invertebrate Cell Culture: Sponge Cells Divide Rapidly in Improved Nutrient Medium. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17321. [PMID: 31754216 PMCID: PMC6872747 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53643-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Sponges (Phylum Porifera) are among the oldest Metazoa and considered critical to understanding animal evolution and development. They are also the most prolific source of marine-derived chemicals with pharmaceutical relevance. Cell lines are important tools for research in many disciplines, and have been established for many organisms, including freshwater and terrestrial invertebrates. Despite many efforts over multiple decades, there are still no cell lines for marine invertebrates. In this study, we report a breakthrough: we demonstrate that an amino acid-optimized nutrient medium stimulates rapid cell division in 9 sponge species. The fastest dividing cells doubled in less than 1 hour. Cultures of 3 species were subcultured from 3 to 5 times, with an average of 5.99 population doublings after subculturing, and a lifespan from 21 to 35 days. Our results form the basis for developing marine invertebrate cell models to better understand early animal evolution, determine the role of secondary metabolites, and predict the impact of climate change to coral reef community ecology. Furthermore, sponge cell lines can be used to scale-up production of sponge-derived chemicals for clinical trials and develop new drugs to combat cancer and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Conkling
- Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute, Florida Atlantic University, Fort Pierce, FL, USA
| | - Kylie Hesp
- Bioprocess Engineering, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Stephanie Munroe
- Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute, Florida Atlantic University, Fort Pierce, FL, USA
- Bioprocess Engineering, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kenneth Sandoval
- Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute, Florida Atlantic University, Fort Pierce, FL, USA
- Bioprocess Engineering, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk E Martens
- Bioprocess Engineering, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Detmer Sipkema
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rene H Wijffels
- Bioprocess Engineering, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, Norway
| | - Shirley A Pomponi
- Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute, Florida Atlantic University, Fort Pierce, FL, USA.
- Bioprocess Engineering, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Salinas-de-León P, Fierro-Arcos D, Suarez-Moncada J, Proaño A, Guachisaca-Salinas J, Páez-Rosas D. A matter of taste: Spatial and ontogenetic variations on the trophic ecology of the tiger shark at the Galapagos Marine Reserve. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0222754. [PMID: 31539419 PMCID: PMC6754146 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sharks are top predators across ocean food webs and have a major ecological role in marine ecosystems. Investigating the trophic ecology of this group of species is thus essential to understand ecosystem functioning and inform specific management actions aimed at shark conservation. The Galapagos Islands represent one of the last ocean wildernesses, where populations of sharks and other top marine predators come close to a pristine status. Here we provide the first study on the trophic ecology of the tiger shark (Galeocerdo cuvier) within the Galapagos Marine Reserve (GMR), using a combination of stable isotope analysis, satellite tracking, and passive acoustic telemetry to investigate ontogenetic and spatial variations at two regions. The mean estimated δ13C and δ15N at Isabela island (western region) were -13.9 ± 0.5‰ and 13.7 ± 0.7‰; and for Santa Cruz island (central region) were -13.8 ± 0.3‰ and 13.4 ± 0.7‰, respectively. Green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas) were the main prey item for large tiger sharks (>280 cm TL), while smaller sharks mainly fed on squid and pelagic fish. Tiger sharks exhibited a high degree of philopatry around green sea-turtle nesting areas, with the majority of sharks detected around green sea-turtle nesting areas for at least 10 months after their capture date, and some individuals were even present during the entire three-year study period. Although we did not report statistically significant differences between the two regions, isotopic and electronic tagging data suggest that tiger sharks in the Galapagos could be segregated into specific populations separated by geographical scales of <100 km. The high productivity of the archipelago, along with the protection from industrial fishing granted by the GMR, result in abundant and predictable sources of prey. This high food abundance, combined with the presence of suitable habitats throughout the tiger shark life cycle, might result in a reduction of migratory behaviours when compared to movement patterns of tiger sharks in other ocean basins. Additional studies using genetic tools could provide further evidence on the presence of separate management units, as it has been recently revealed for other shark species inhabiting the GMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pelayo Salinas-de-León
- Charles Darwin Research Station, Charles Darwin Foundation, Puerto Ayora, Galapagos Islands, Ecuador
- Pristine Seas, National Geographic Society, Washington, DC, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Denisse Fierro-Arcos
- Charles Darwin Research Station, Charles Darwin Foundation, Puerto Ayora, Galapagos Islands, Ecuador
| | | | - Alberto Proaño
- Galapagos National Park, Puerto Ayora, Galapagos Islands, Ecuador
| | | | - Diego Páez-Rosas
- Galapagos National Park, Puerto Ayora, Galapagos Islands, Ecuador
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Galapagos Science Center, Isla San Cristóbal, Galapagos Islands, Ecuador
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Sadchatheeswaran S, Moloney CL, Branch GM, Robinson TB. Using empirical and simulation approaches to quantify merits of rival measures of structural complexity in marine habitats. Mar Environ Res 2019; 149:157-169. [PMID: 31122654 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2019.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Ecosystem engineers often affect structural complexity of habitats. There are multiple methods of quantifying complexity, variously measuring topography, surface area, volume, fractal dimension, or rugosity. We compared eight methods, four employing the 3D modelling program 'Blender' to estimate total surface area, top surface area, their ratio, and interstitial volume; and four empirically measuring interstitial volume, fractals and two indices of rugosity. We compared these using seven metrics: 1) correlations among comparable measures; 2) consistency; 3) accuracy; 4) precision; 5) discrimination among configurations of objects; 6) discernment of complexities among zones on rocky shores; and 7) practicality. Of the eight methods, the virtual volumetric method, Blender interstitial volume, performed the best. Direct measurements of three-dimensional space related more closely to patterns in biodiversity than did measurements of two-dimensional space or indirect measures of complexity like fractals. Blender interstitial volume is thus the recommended means of measuring structural complexity of benthic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saachi Sadchatheeswaran
- Department of Biological Sciences and Marine Research Institute, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa.
| | - Coleen L Moloney
- Department of Biological Sciences and Marine Research Institute, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
| | - George M Branch
- Department of Biological Sciences and Marine Research Institute, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
| | - Tamara B Robinson
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Centre for Invasion Biology, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
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Bode M, Leis JM, Mason LB, Williamson DH, Harrison HB, Choukroun S, Jones GP. Successful validation of a larval dispersal model using genetic parentage data. PLoS Biol 2019; 17:e3000380. [PMID: 31299043 PMCID: PMC6655847 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Larval dispersal is a critically important yet enigmatic process in marine ecology, evolution, and conservation. Determining the distance and direction that tiny larvae travel in the open ocean continues to be a challenge. Our current understanding of larval dispersal patterns at management-relevant scales is principally and separately informed by genetic parentage data and biological-oceanographic (biophysical) models. Parentage datasets provide clear evidence of individual larval dispersal events, but their findings are spatially and temporally limited. Biophysical models offer a more complete picture of dispersal patterns at regional scales but are of uncertain accuracy. Here, we develop statistical techniques that integrate these two important sources of information on larval dispersal. We then apply these methods to an extensive genetic parentage dataset to successfully validate a high-resolution biophysical model for the economically important reef fish species Plectropomus maculatus in the southern Great Barrier Reef. Our results demonstrate that biophysical models can provide accurate descriptions of larval dispersal at spatial and temporal scales that are relevant to management. They also show that genetic parentage datasets provide enough statistical power to exclude poor biophysical models. Biophysical models that included species-specific larval behaviour provided markedly better fits to the parentage data than assuming passive behaviour, but incorrect behavioural assumptions led to worse predictions than ignoring behaviour altogether. Our approach capitalises on the complementary strengths of genetic parentage datasets and high-resolution biophysical models to produce an accurate picture of larval dispersal patterns at regional scales. The results provide essential empirical support for the use of accurately parameterised biophysical larval dispersal models in marine spatial planning and management. Our understanding of marine fish larva dispersal is currently limited by sparse data and unvalidated models; combining DNA parentage matches with an oceanographic model of fish larvae on Australia’s Great Barrier Reef allows the authors to ground-truth a vital tool for sustainably managing coral reef fisheries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Bode
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Jeffrey M. Leis
- Australian Museum Research Institute, Sydney, Australia
- The Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Luciano B. Mason
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - David H. Williamson
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Hugo B. Harrison
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Severine Choukroun
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Geoffrey P. Jones
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
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12
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Langenkämper D, Simon-Lledó E, Hosking B, Jones DOB, Nattkemper TW. On the impact of Citizen Science-derived data quality on deep learning based classification in marine images. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218086. [PMID: 31188894 PMCID: PMC6561570 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The evaluation of large amounts of digital image data is of growing importance for biology, including for the exploration and monitoring of marine habitats. However, only a tiny percentage of the image data collected is evaluated by marine biologists who manually interpret and annotate the image contents, which can be slow and laborious. In order to overcome the bottleneck in image annotation, two strategies are increasingly proposed: “citizen science” and “machine learning”. In this study, we investigated how the combination of citizen science, to detect objects, and machine learning, to classify megafauna, could be used to automate annotation of underwater images. For this purpose, multiple large data sets of citizen science annotations with different degrees of common errors and inaccuracies observed in citizen science data were simulated by modifying “gold standard” annotations done by an experienced marine biologist. The parameters of the simulation were determined on the basis of two citizen science experiments. It allowed us to analyze the relationship between the outcome of a citizen science study and the quality of the classifications of a deep learning megafauna classifier. The results show great potential for combining citizen science with machine learning, provided that the participants are informed precisely about the annotation protocol. Inaccuracies in the position of the annotation had the most substantial influence on the classification accuracy, whereas the size of the marking and false positive detections had a smaller influence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Langenkämper
- Biodata Mining Group, Faculty of Technology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Erik Simon-Lledó
- National Oceanography Centre, University of Southampton Waterfront Campus, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Brett Hosking
- National Oceanography Centre, University of Southampton Waterfront Campus, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel O. B. Jones
- National Oceanography Centre, University of Southampton Waterfront Campus, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Tim W. Nattkemper
- Biodata Mining Group, Faculty of Technology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
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13
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de la Hoz CF, Ramos E, Puente A, Juanes JA. Climate change induced range shifts in seaweeds distributions in Europe. Mar Environ Res 2019; 148:1-11. [PMID: 31075527 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2019.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
There are evidences of how climate change is affecting seaweeds distribution and the ecosystems services they provide. Therefore, it is necessary to consider these impacts when managing marine areas. One of the most applied tools in recent years to deal with this are species distribution models, however there are still some challenges to solve, such as the inclusion of hydrodynamic predictors and the application of effective, transferable and user-oriented methodologies. Five species (Saccorhiza polyschides, Gelidium spinosum, Sargassum muticum, Pelvetia canaliculata and Cystoseira baccata) in Europe and 15 variables were considered. Nine of them were projected to the RCPs 4.5 and 8.5 for the mid-term (2040-2069) and the long term (2070-2099). Algorithms for each species were applied to generate models that were assessed by comparison of probabilities and observations (area under the curve, true skill statistics, Boyce index, sensitivity, correct classification rate), niches overlap (Schoener's D, Hellinger's I), geographical similarity (interquartile range) and ecological realism. Models built demonstrated very good predictive accuracy and sensitivity, without overfitting risk. A medium overlap in the historical and RCPs environmental conditions were obtained, therefore the models can be considered transferable and results accurate because only some isolated points were detected as outliers, corresponding to low probabilities. The areas of S. polyschides and G. spinosum have been identified to be dramatically reduced, meanwhile S. muticum and C. baccata were predicted to expand their range. P. canaliculata was expected to keep its sites of presence but with a decrease in its probability of occurrence. For all species it was remarkable the importance of hydrodynamic variables and parameters representing extreme conditions. Spatially predictions of the potential species and areas at risk are decisive for defining management strategies and resource allocation. The performance and usefulness of the approach applied in this study have been demonstrated for algae with different ecological requirements (from upper littoral to subtidal) and distributional patterns (native and invasive), therefore results can be used by marine planners with different goals: marine protected areas designation, monitoring efforts guiding, invasions risk assessment or aquaculture facilities zonation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camino Fernández de la Hoz
- Environmental Hydraulics Institute, Universidad de Cantabria - Avda. Isabel Torres, 15, PCTCAN, 39011, Santander, Spain.
| | - Elvira Ramos
- Environmental Hydraulics Institute, Universidad de Cantabria - Avda. Isabel Torres, 15, PCTCAN, 39011, Santander, Spain.
| | - Araceli Puente
- Environmental Hydraulics Institute, Universidad de Cantabria - Avda. Isabel Torres, 15, PCTCAN, 39011, Santander, Spain.
| | - José A Juanes
- Environmental Hydraulics Institute, Universidad de Cantabria - Avda. Isabel Torres, 15, PCTCAN, 39011, Santander, Spain.
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14
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Rominger AJ, Fuentes MA, Marquet PA. Nonequilibrium evolution of volatility in origination and extinction explains fat-tailed fluctuations in Phanerozoic biodiversity. Sci Adv 2019; 5:eaat0122. [PMID: 31249860 PMCID: PMC6594772 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aat0122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Fluctuations in biodiversity, large and small, pervade the fossil record, yet we do not understand the processes generating them. Here, we extend theory from nonequilibrium statistical physics to describe the fat-tailed form of fluctuations in Phanerozoic marine invertebrate richness. Using this theory, known as superstatistics, we show that heterogeneous rates of origination and extinction between clades and conserved rates within clades account for this fat-tailed form. We identify orders and families as the taxonomic levels at which clades experience interclade heterogeneity and within-clade homogeneity of rates, indicating that families are subsystems in local statistical equilibrium, while the entire system is not. The separation of timescales between within-clade background rates and the origin of major innovations producing new orders and families allows within-clade dynamics to reach equilibrium, while between-clade dynamics do not. The distribution of different dynamics across clades is consistent with niche conservatism and pulsed exploration of adaptive landscapes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Miguel A. Fuentes
- Santa Fe Institute, 1399 Hyde Park Road, Santa Fe, NM 87501, USA
- Instituto de Investigaciones Filosóficas, SADAF, CONICET, Bulnes 642, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad San Sebastián, Lota 2465, Santiago 7510157, Chile
| | - Pablo A. Marquet
- Santa Fe Institute, 1399 Hyde Park Road, Santa Fe, NM 87501, USA
- Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad de Chile, Alameda 340, Santiago, Chile
- Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Casilla 653, Santiago, Chile
- Laboratorio Internacional de Cambio Global (LINCGlobal) and Centro de Cambio Global UC, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Instituto de Sistemas Complejos de Vlaparaíso (ISCV), Artillería 470, Cerro Artillería, Valparaíso, Chile
- Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad (C3), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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15
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Feehan CJ, Grace SP, Narvaez CA. Ecological feedbacks stabilize a turf-dominated ecosystem at the southern extent of kelp forests in the Northwest Atlantic. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7078. [PMID: 31068664 PMCID: PMC6506546 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43536-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Temperate marine ecosystems globally are undergoing regime shifts from dominance by habitat-forming kelps to dominance by opportunistic algal turfs. While the environmental drivers of shifts to turf are generally well-documented, the feedback mechanisms that stabilize novel turf-dominated ecosystems remain poorly resolved. Here, we document a decline of kelp Saccharina latissima between 1980 and 2018 at sites at the southernmost extent of kelp forests in the Northwest Atlantic and their replacement by algal turf. We examined the drivers of a shift to turf and feedback mechanisms that stabilize turf reefs. Kelp replacement by turf was linked to a significant multi-decadal increase in sea temperature above an upper thermal threshold for kelp survival. In the turf-dominated ecosystem, 45% of S. latissima were attached to algal turf rather than rocky substrate due to preemption of space. Turf-attached kelp required significantly (2 to 4 times) less force to detach from the substrate, with an attendant pattern of lower survival following 2 major wave events as compared to rock-attached kelp. Turf-attached kelp allocated a significantly greater percentage of their biomass to the anchoring structure (holdfast), with a consequent energetic trade-off of slower growth. The results indicate a shift in community dominance from kelp to turf driven by thermal stress and stabilized by ecological feedbacks of lower survival and slower growth of kelp recruited to turf.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colette J Feehan
- Department of Biology, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ, 07043, USA.
| | - Sean P Grace
- Department of Biology and Werth Center for Coastal and Marine Studies, Southern Connecticut State University, New Haven, CT, 06515, USA
| | - Carla A Narvaez
- Department of Biology, Villanova University, Villanova, PA, 19085, USA
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16
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Miller EA, McClenachan L, Uni Y, Phocas G, Hagemann ME, Van Houtan KS. The historical development of complex global trafficking networks for marine wildlife. Sci Adv 2019; 5:eaav5948. [PMID: 30957017 PMCID: PMC6449156 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aav5948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The complexity of trade networks is a major challenge to controlling wildlife trafficking and illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing. These networks may not be modern inventions, but have developed over centuries, from integrated global markets that preceded modern regulatory policies. To understand these linkages, we curated 150 years of tortoiseshell transactions and derived biologically informed harvest models to estimate the trade in critically endangered hawksbill sea turtles (Eretmochelys imbricata). We find that trade networks concentrated in Southeast Asia harvested 9 million turtles, over six times previous estimates. These networks spread from within the Pacific, to the Indian and Atlantic basins, and became markedly more complex after 1950. Our results further indicate that the magnitude and extent of the coastally restricted hawksbill exploitation parallel current patterns of IUU fishing. Policies to combat these interlinked illegal practices should assimilate the important role of small-scale, coastal fisheries in these increasingly complex global networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily A. Miller
- Monterey Bay Aquarium, 886 Cannery Row, Monterey, CA 93940, USA
- Corresponding author.
| | - Loren McClenachan
- Environmental Studies Program, Colby College, 5356 Mayflower Hill, Waterville, ME 04901, USA
| | - Yoshikazu Uni
- Faculty of Bioindustry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 196 Yasaka, Abashiri, Hokkaido 099-2493, Japan
| | - George Phocas
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Office of Law Enforcement, Regional Attaché (ret.)—U.S. Embassy, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Molly E. Hagemann
- Vertebrate Zoology Collections, Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum, 1525 Bernice Street, Honolulu, HI 96817, USA
| | - Kyle S. Van Houtan
- Monterey Bay Aquarium, 886 Cannery Row, Monterey, CA 93940, USA
- Nicholas School of the Environment and Earth Sciences, Box 90328, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
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17
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Peters K, Sink KJ, Robinson TB. Sampling methods and approaches to inform standardized detection of marine alien fouling species on recreational vessels. J Environ Manage 2019; 230:159-167. [PMID: 30286346 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.09.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Recreational vessels are important contributors to the spread of marine alien species, particularly in relation to secondary spread within novel regions. As such, these vessels should be considered a monitoring priority. The aim of this study was to identify a preferred method for monitoring recreational vessels for alien species, while simultaneously developing a framework that enables managers to objectively choose the most effective sampling approach given their financial constraints. Divers and a remotely operated vehicle (ROV) were considered in relation to four sampling approaches i.e. meanders, transects, inspection of niche areas and the collection of quadrats. Each was applied to the same 53 vessels which represented a spectrum of hull fouling cover. The most effective methods were diver scrape quadrats (Range of alien species numbers per quadrat: 0-9, Total alien species: 20) and inspections of niche areas (Range of alien species numbers: 0-5, Total alien species: 9). All methods employed using an ROV had low efficacy and incurred high costs. While scrape samples were one of the most expensive methods, this was offset by the lowest cost per species detected. Thus, it is recommended that monitoring programmes utilize scrape samples and niche area inspections, but when faced with financial constraints, diver meanders and niche inspections offer sound alternatives for detecting alien species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koebraa Peters
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
| | - Kerry J Sink
- Marine Programme, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Kirstenbosch Research Centre, Private Bag X7, Claremont 7735, South Africa
| | - Tamara B Robinson
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, 7602, South Africa.
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18
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Abstract
The use of unoccupied aircraft systems (UASs, also known as drones) in science is growing rapidly. Recent advances in microelectronics and battery technology have resulted in the rapid development of low-cost UASs that are transforming many industries. Drones are poised to revolutionize marine science and conservation, as they provide essentially on-demand remote sensing capabilities at low cost and with reduced human risk. A variety of multirotor, fixed-wing, and transitional UAS platforms are capable of carrying various optical and physical sampling payloads and are being employed in almost every subdiscipline of marine science and conservation. This article provides an overview of the UAS platforms and sensors used in marine science and conservation missions along with example physical, biological, and natural resource management applications and typical analytical workflows. It concludes with details on potential effects of UASs on marine wildlife and a look to the future of UASs in marine science and conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W Johnston
- Marine Robotics and Remote Sensing Lab, Duke University Marine Laboratory, Division of Marine Science and Conservation, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Beaufort, North Carolina 28516, USA;
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19
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Monk J, Barrett NS, Peel D, Lawrence E, Hill NA, Lucieer V, Hayes KR. An evaluation of the error and uncertainty in epibenthos cover estimates from AUV images collected with an efficient, spatially-balanced design. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0203827. [PMID: 30226871 PMCID: PMC6143229 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficient monitoring of organisms is at the foundation of protected area and biodiversity management. Such monitoring programs are based on a systematically selected set of survey locations that, while able to track trends at those locations through time, lack inference for the overall region being "monitored". Advances in spatially-balanced sampling approaches offer alternatives but remain largely untested in marine ecosystems. This study evaluated the merit of using a two-stage, spatially-balanced survey framework, in conjunction with generalized additive models, to estimate epifauna cover at a reef-wide scale for mesophotic reefs within a large, cross-shelf marine park. Imagery acquired by an autonomous underwater vehicle was classified using a hierarchical scheme developed under the Collaborative and Automated Tools for Analysis of Marine Imagery (CATAMI). At a realistic image subsampling intensity, the two-stage, spatially-balanced framework provided accurate and precise estimates of reef-wide cover for a select number of epifaunal classes at the coarsest CATAMI levels, in particular bryozoan and porifera classes. However, at finer hierarchical levels, accuracy and/or precision of cover estimates declined, primarily because of the natural rarity of even the most common of these classes/morphospecies. Ranked predictor importance suggested that bathymetry, backscatter and derivative terrain variables calculated at their smallest analysis window scales (i.e. 81 m2) were generally the most important variables in the modeling of reef-wide cover. This study makes an important step in identifying the constraints and limitations that can be identified through a robust statistical approach to design and analysis. The two-stage, spatially-balanced framework has great potential for effective quantification of epifaunal cover in cross-shelf mesophotic reefs. However, greater image subsampling intensity than traditionally applied is required to ensure adequate observations for finer-level CATAMI classes and associated morphospecies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacquomo Monk
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Neville S. Barrett
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - David Peel
- Data61, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Emma Lawrence
- Data61, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), Dutton Park, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nicole A. Hill
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Vanessa Lucieer
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Keith R. Hayes
- Data61, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
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20
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Nordlund LM, Jackson EL, Nakaoka M, Samper-Villarreal J, Beca-Carretero P, Creed JC. Seagrass ecosystem services - What's next? Mar Pollut Bull 2018; 134:145-151. [PMID: 28938998 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Seagrasses, marine flowering plants, provide a wide range of ecosystem services, defined here as natural processes and components that directly or indirectly benefit human needs. Recent research has shown that there are still many gaps in our comprehension of seagrass ecosystem service provision. Furthermore, there seems to be little public knowledge of seagrasses in general and the benefits they provide. This begs the questions: how do we move forward with the information we have? What other information do we need and what actions do we need to take in order to improve the situation and appreciation for seagrass? Based on the outcomes from an international expert knowledge eliciting workshop, three key areas to advance seagrass ecosystem service research were identified: 1) Variability of ecosystem services within seagrass meadows and among different meadows; 2) Seagrass ecosystem services in relation to, and their connection with, other coastal habitats; and 3) Improvement in the communication of seagrass ecosystem services to the public. Here we present ways forward to advance seagrass ecosystem service research in order to raise the profile of seagrass globally, as a means to establish more effective conservation and restoration of these important coastal habitats around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Mtwana Nordlund
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, SE 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Emma L Jackson
- Department of Agriculture, Science and Environment, CQUniversity, Gladstone, 4680, Queensland, Australia
| | - Masahiro Nakaoka
- Akkeshi Marine Station, Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University, Aikappu 1, Akkeshi, Hokkaido 088-1113, Japan
| | - Jimena Samper-Villarreal
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias del Mar y Limnología (CIMAR), Ciudad de la Investigación, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro, 11501-2060 San José, Costa Rica
| | - Pedro Beca-Carretero
- Botany and Plant Science, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland
| | - Joel C Creed
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Francisco Xavier 524, PHLC, sala 220, CEP 20559-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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21
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Lucrezi S, Milanese M, Palma M, Cerrano C. Stirring the strategic direction of scuba diving marine Citizen Science: A survey of active and potential participants. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0202484. [PMID: 30114250 PMCID: PMC6095588 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Citizen Science (CS) strengthens the relationship between society and science through education and engagement, with win-win benefits. Marine Citizen Science (MCS) is increasingly popular, thanks to society's growing interest in marine environments and marine issues. Scuba diving significantly increases the potential of MCS, thanks to the skills and behavioural properties of people who participate in the sport. To be able to exploit this potential, however, MCS needs to face challenges related to CS, to scuba diving activities and to the broader scuba diving industry. In particular, engagement and recruitment of potential volunteers, as well as retention of active participants, represent key milestones. In order to reach these milestones, information is required on current participation levels of scuba divers in MCS, as well as the motivations behind participation, and the opinions held by potential participants in MCS. This study explored different case studies and methods of data collection to provide an overview of actual and potential participation in MCS by the scuba diving community. The results show that scuba divers, whether active or potential marine citizen scientists, are well disposed towards MCS. Some barriers, however, prevent the full participation of scuba divers as marine citizen scientists. Certain barriers extend beyond the control of both divers and MCS projects, while others, such as limited access to MCS projects and poor feedback after participation, can and should be addressed. The recommendations of this research provide strategic direction to MCS, so that the broad scuba diving community can be successfully integrated into MCS. These recommendations acknowledge the important role played by stakeholders in the scuba diving industry, as well as professional intermediaries and hired experts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Lucrezi
- TREES – Tourism Research in Economics, Environs and Society, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
- * E-mail:
| | | | | | - Carlo Cerrano
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences (DiSVA), Polytechnic University of Marche, UO CoNISMa, Ancona, Italy
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22
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Ojaveer H, Galil BS, Carlton JT, Alleway H, Goulletquer P, Lehtiniemi M, Marchini A, Miller W, Occhipinti-Ambrogi A, Peharda M, Ruiz GM, Williams SL, Zaiko A. Historical baselines in marine bioinvasions: Implications for policy and management. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0202383. [PMID: 30114232 PMCID: PMC6095587 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The human-mediated introduction of marine non-indigenous species is a centuries- if not millennia-old phenomenon, but was only recently acknowledged as a potent driver of change in the sea. We provide a synopsis of key historical milestones for marine bioinvasions, including timelines of (a) discovery and understanding of the invasion process, focusing on transfer mechanisms and outcomes, (b) methodologies used for detection and monitoring, (c) approaches to ecological impacts research, and (d) management and policy responses. Early (until the mid-1900s) marine bioinvasions were given little attention, and in a number of cases actively and routinely facilitated. Beginning in the second half of the 20th century, several conspicuous non-indigenous species outbreaks with strong environmental, economic, and public health impacts raised widespread concerns and initiated shifts in public and scientific perceptions. These high-profile invasions led to policy documents and strategies to reduce the introduction and spread of non-indigenous species, although with significant time lags and limited success and focused on only a subset of transfer mechanisms. Integrated, multi-vector management within an ecosystem-based marine management context is urgently needed to address the complex interactions of natural and human pressures that drive invasions in marine ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henn Ojaveer
- Estonian Marine Institute, University of Tartu, Pärnu, Estonia
| | - Bella S. Galil
- The Steinhardt Museum of Natural History, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - James T. Carlton
- Maritime Studies Program of Williams College and Mystic Seaport, Mystic, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Heidi Alleway
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | | | - Maiju Lehtiniemi
- Marine Research Centre, Finnish Environment Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Agnese Marchini
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Whitman Miller
- Marine Invasion Research Laboratory, Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, Maryland, United States of America
| | | | | | - Gregory M. Ruiz
- Marine Invasion Research Laboratory, Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Susan L. Williams
- Bodega Marine Laboratory and Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California at Davis, Bodega Bay, California, United States of America
| | - Anastasija Zaiko
- Coastal and Freshwater Group, Cawthron Institute, Nelson, New Zealand
- Marine Research Institute, Klaipeda University, Klaipeda, Lithuania
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Stefanni S, Stanković D, Borme D, de Olazabal A, Juretić T, Pallavicini A, Tirelli V. Multi-marker metabarcoding approach to study mesozooplankton at basin scale. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12085. [PMID: 30108256 PMCID: PMC6092319 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30157-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Zooplankton plays a pivotal role in marine ecosystems and the characterisation of its biodiversity still represents a challenge for marine ecologists. In this study, mesozooplankton composition from 46 samples collected in summer along the western Adriatic Sea, was retrieved by DNA metabarcoding analysis. For the first time, the highly variable fragments of the mtDNA COI and the V9 region of 18S rRNA genes were used in a combined matrix to compile an inventory of mesozooplankton at basin scale. The number of sequences retrieved after quality filtering were 824,148 and 223,273 for COI and 18S (V9), respectively. The taxonomical assignment against reference sequences, using 95% (for COI) and 97% (for 18S) similarity thresholds, recovered 234 taxa. NMDS plots and cluster analysis divided coastal from offshore samples and the most representative species of these clusters were distributed according to the dominant surface current pattern of the Adriatic for the summer period. For selected sampling sites, mesozooplankton species were also identified under a stereo microscope providing insights on the strength and weakness of the two approaches. In addition, DNA metabarcoding was shown to be helpful for the monitoring of non-indigenous marine metazoans and spawning areas of commercial fish species. We defined pros and cons of applying this approach at basin scale and the benefits of combining the datasets from two genetic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Stefanni
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, Naples, Italy.
| | - David Stanković
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 5, Trieste, Italy
- National Institute of Biology, Marine Biology Station, Fornače 41, Piran, Slovenia
| | - Diego Borme
- Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale-OGS, Via A. Piccard 54, Trieste, Italy
| | - Alessandra de Olazabal
- Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale-OGS, Via A. Piccard 54, Trieste, Italy
| | - Tea Juretić
- Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale-OGS, Via A. Piccard 54, Trieste, Italy
- Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Šetalište I. Meštrovića 63, Split, Croatia
| | - Alberto Pallavicini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 5, Trieste, Italy
| | - Valentina Tirelli
- Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale-OGS, Via A. Piccard 54, Trieste, Italy
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Lagabrielle E, Lombard AT, Harris JM, Livingstone TC. Multi-scale multi-level marine spatial planning: A novel methodological approach applied in South Africa. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0192582. [PMID: 29969441 PMCID: PMC6029778 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study proposes and discusses a multi-scale spatial planning method implemented simultaneously at local and national level to prioritize ecosystem management actions across landscapes and seascapes. Mismatches in scale between the occurrence of biodiversity patterns and ecological processes, and the size and nature of the human footprint, and the different levels and scope of governance, are a significant challenge in conservation planning. These scale mismatches are further confounded by data resolution disparities across and amongst the different scales. To address this challenge, we developed a multi-resolution scale-linked marine spatial planning method. We tested this approach in the development of a Conservation Plan for a significant portion of South Africa's exclusive economic zone, adjacent to the east coast province of KwaZulu-Natal (the SeaPlan project). The study's dataset integrated the geographic distribution of 390 biodiversity elements (species, habitats, and oceanographic processes) and 38 human activities. A multi-resolution system of planning unit layers (PUL), with individual PUs ranging in resolution from 0.2 to 10 km, was designed to arrange and analyse these data. Spatial priorities for conservation were selected incrementally at different scales, contributing conservation targets from the fine-, medium- and large-scale analyses, and from the coast to the offshore. Compared to a basic single-resolution scale-unlinked plan, our multi-resolution scale-linked method selects 6% less conservation area to achieve the same targets. Compared to a multi-resolution scale-unlinked plan, our method requires only an additional 5% area. Overall, this method reflects the multi-scale nature of marine social-ecological systems more realistically, is relatively simple and replicable, and serves to better connect fine-scale and large-scale spatial management policies. We discuss the impacts of this study on protected area expansion planning processes in South Africa. This study showcases a methodological advance that has the potential to impact marine spatial planning practices and policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erwann Lagabrielle
- Institute for Coastal and Marine Research, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa
- UMR ESPACE-DEV 228, Université de La Réunion, IRD, La Reunion, France
| | - Amanda T. Lombard
- Institute for Coastal and Marine Research, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa
| | - Jean M. Harris
- Scientific Services, Ezemvelo KZN Wildlife, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
- Wildlands Conservation Trust, Hilton, South Africa
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25
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Levert A, Alvariño R, Bornancin L, Abou Mansour E, Burja AM, Genevière AM, Bonnard I, Alonso E, Botana L, Banaigs B. Structures and Activities of Tiahuramides A-C, Cyclic Depsipeptides from a Tahitian Collection of the Marine Cyanobacterium Lyngbya majuscula. J Nat Prod 2018; 81:1301-1310. [PMID: 29792428 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.7b00751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The structures of three new cyclic depsipeptides, tiahuramides A (1), B (2), and C (3), from a French Polynesian collection of the marine cyanobacterium Lyngbya majuscula are described. The planar structures of these compounds were established by a combination of mass spectrometry and 1D and 2D NMR experiments. Absolute configurations of natural and nonproteinogenic amino acids were determined through a combination of acid hydrolysis, derivitization with Marfey's reagent, and HPLC. The absolute configuration of hydroxy acids was confirmed by Mosher's method. The antibacterial activities of tiahuramides against three marine bacteria were evaluated. Compound 3 was the most active compound of the series, with an MIC of 6.7 μM on one of the three tested bacteria. The three peptides inhibit the first cell division of sea urchin fertilized eggs with IC50 values in the range from 3.9 to 11 μM. Tiahuramide B (2), the most potent compound, causes cellular alteration characteristics of apoptotic cells, blebbing, DNA condensation, and fragmentation, already at the first egg cleavage. The cytotoxic activity of compounds 1-3 was tested in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. Compounds 2 and 3 showed an IC50 of 14 and 6.0 μM, respectively, whereas compound 1 displayed no toxicity in this cell line at 100 μM. To determine the type of cell death induced by tiahuramide C (3), SH-SY5Y cells were costained with annexin V-FITC and propidium iodide and analyzed by flow cytometry. The double staining indicated that the cytotoxicity of compound 3 in this cell line is produced by necrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annabel Levert
- CRIOBE, USR CNRS-EPHE-UPVD 3278 , Université de Perpignan , 66860 Perpignan , France
| | - Rebeca Alvariño
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria , Universidad de Santiago de Compostela , Lugo 27003 , Spain
| | - Louis Bornancin
- CRIOBE, USR CNRS-EPHE-UPVD 3278 , Université de Perpignan , 66860 Perpignan , France
| | - Eliane Abou Mansour
- CRIOBE, USR CNRS-EPHE-UPVD 3278 , Université de Perpignan , 66860 Perpignan , France
| | - Adam M Burja
- Heriot-Watt University , Edinburgh , Scotland EH14 4 AS
| | - Anne-Marie Genevière
- Biologie Intégrative des Organismes Marins (BIOM) , Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS , Observatoire Océanologique, F-66650 , Banyuls/Mer , France
| | - Isabelle Bonnard
- CRIOBE, USR CNRS-EPHE-UPVD 3278 , Université de Perpignan , 66860 Perpignan , France
- Laboratoire d'Excellence "CORAIL" , 66860 , Perpignan , Cedex, France
| | - Eva Alonso
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria , Universidad de Santiago de Compostela , Lugo 27003 , Spain
| | - Luis Botana
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria , Universidad de Santiago de Compostela , Lugo 27003 , Spain
| | - Bernard Banaigs
- CRIOBE, USR CNRS-EPHE-UPVD 3278 , Université de Perpignan , 66860 Perpignan , France
- Laboratoire d'Excellence "CORAIL" , 66860 , Perpignan , Cedex, France
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Twichell J, Pollnac R, Christie P. Lessons from Philippines MPA Management: Social Ecological Interactions, Participation, and MPA Performance. Environ Manage 2018; 61:916-927. [PMID: 29546634 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-018-1020-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
International interest in increasing marine protected area (MPA) coverage reflects broad recognition of the MPA as a key tool for marine ecosystems and fisheries management. Nevertheless, effective management remains a significant challenge. The present study contributes to enriching an understanding of best practices for MPA management through analysis of archived community survey data collected in the Philippines by the Learning Project (LP), a collaboration with United States Coral Triangle Initiative (USCTI), United States Agency for International Development (USAID), and partners. We evaluate stakeholder participation and social ecological interactions among resource users in MPA programs in the Palawan, Occidental Mindoro, and Batangas provinces in the Philippines. Analysis indicates that a complex suite of social ecological factors, including demographics, conservation beliefs, and scientifically correct knowledge influence participation, which in turn is related to perceived MPA performance. Findings indicate positive feedbacks within the system that have potential to strengthen perceptions of MPA success. The results of this evaluation provide empirical reinforcement to current inquiries concerning the role of participation in influencing MPA performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Twichell
- Department of Marine Affairs, Coastal Institute, University of Rhode Island, 1 Greenhouse Road, Kingston, RI, 02881-2020, USA.
| | - Richard Pollnac
- Department of Marine Affairs, Coastal Institute, University of Rhode Island, 1 Greenhouse Road, Kingston, RI, 02881-2020, USA
| | - Patrick Christie
- University of Washington, School of Marine and Environmental Affairs and the Jackson School of International Studies, 3707 Brooklyn Avenue NE, Seattle, WA, 98105-6715, USA
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27
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Xu Y, Stoeck T, Forster D, Ma Z, Zhang L, Fan X. Environmental status assessment using biological traits analyses and functional diversity indices of benthic ciliate communities. Mar Pollut Bull 2018; 131:646-654. [PMID: 29886992 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.04.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we tested the hypothesis that the functional diversity of benthic ciliates has high potential to monitor marine ecological status. Therefore, we investigated the spatial and temporal variation of functional diversity of benthic ciliates in the Yangtze Estuary during one year using biological traits analyses and functional diversity indices. Traits and community compositions showed clear spatial and temporal variations. Among a variety of biological traits, feeding type and body size emerged as strongest predictable variables. Functional divergence (FDiv) had an advantage over two other functional diversity indices, as well as over classical diversity measures (i.e. richness, evenness, Shannon-Wiener) to infer environmental status. Significant correlations between biological traits, FDiv and environmental variables (i.e. nutrients, temperature, salinity) suggested that functional diversity of benthic ciliates might be used as a bio-indicator in environmental status assessments. Further mandatory researches need to implement functional diversity of ciliates in routine monitoring programs were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Thorsten Stoeck
- University of Kaiserslautern, Ecology Group, Erwin Schroedinger Str. 14, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Dominik Forster
- University of Kaiserslautern, Ecology Group, Erwin Schroedinger Str. 14, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Zuhang Ma
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Liquan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China.
| | - Xinpeng Fan
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.
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28
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Robertson AW, McCarville NG, MacIntyre LW, Correa H, Haltli B, Marchbank DH, Kerr RG. Isolation of Imaqobactin, an Amphiphilic Siderophore from the Arctic Marine Bacterium Variovorax Species RKJM285. J Nat Prod 2018; 81:858-865. [PMID: 29616814 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.7b00943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The amphiphilic siderophore imaqobactin was isolated from the Arctic bacterium Variovorax sp. RKJM285, a strain isolated from marine sediment collected from an inlet near Clyde River, Nunavut, Canada. The 2D structure of imaqobactin was determined by a combination of LC-HRMS, MS/MS, and NMR spectroscopic methods. The absolute configuration of the depsipeptide core was determined by Marfey's analysis, and the relative configuration of the 4,7-diamino-3-hydroxy-2-methylheptanoic acid moiety was determined by NOESY and selective NOE experiments. The photoreductive properties of imaqobactin were tested and are discussed. Initial tests for antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity of imaqobactin were also performed, identifying moderate antimicrobial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew W Robertson
- Department of Chemistry , University of Prince Edward Island , Charlottetown , PEI , Canada C1A 4P3
- Nautilus Biosciences Canada Inc. , Duffy Research Center , 550 University Avenue , Charlottetown , PEI , Canada C1A 4P3
| | - Nicholas G McCarville
- Nautilus Biosciences Canada Inc. , Duffy Research Center , 550 University Avenue , Charlottetown , PEI , Canada C1A 4P3
| | - Logan W MacIntyre
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Atlantic Veterinary College , University of Prince Edward Island , Charlottetown , PEI , Canada C1A 4P3
| | - Hebelin Correa
- Nautilus Biosciences Canada Inc. , Duffy Research Center , 550 University Avenue , Charlottetown , PEI , Canada C1A 4P3
| | - Brad Haltli
- Department of Chemistry , University of Prince Edward Island , Charlottetown , PEI , Canada C1A 4P3
- Nautilus Biosciences Canada Inc. , Duffy Research Center , 550 University Avenue , Charlottetown , PEI , Canada C1A 4P3
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Atlantic Veterinary College , University of Prince Edward Island , Charlottetown , PEI , Canada C1A 4P3
| | - Douglas H Marchbank
- Department of Chemistry , University of Prince Edward Island , Charlottetown , PEI , Canada C1A 4P3
- Nautilus Biosciences Canada Inc. , Duffy Research Center , 550 University Avenue , Charlottetown , PEI , Canada C1A 4P3
| | - Russell G Kerr
- Department of Chemistry , University of Prince Edward Island , Charlottetown , PEI , Canada C1A 4P3
- Nautilus Biosciences Canada Inc. , Duffy Research Center , 550 University Avenue , Charlottetown , PEI , Canada C1A 4P3
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Atlantic Veterinary College , University of Prince Edward Island , Charlottetown , PEI , Canada C1A 4P3
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29
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Bock A, Doraiswamy H, Summers A, Silva C. TopoAngler: Interactive Topology-Based Extraction of Fishes. IEEE Trans Vis Comput Graph 2018; 24:812-821. [PMID: 28866509 DOI: 10.1109/tvcg.2017.2743980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We present TopoAngler, a visualization framework that enables an interactive user-guided segmentation of fishes contained in a micro-CT scan. The inherent noise in the CT scan coupled with the often disconnected (and sometimes broken) skeletal structure of fishes makes an automatic segmentation of the volume impractical. To overcome this, our framework combines techniques from computational topology with an interactive visual interface, enabling the human-in-the-Ioop to effectively extract fishes from the volume. In the first step, the join tree of the input is used to create a hierarchical segmentation of the volume. Through the use of linked views, the visual interface then allows users to interactively explore this hierarchy, and gather parts of individual fishes into a coherent sub-volume, thus reconstructing entire fishes. Our framework was primarily developed for its application to CT scans of fishes, generated as part of the ScanAllFish project, through close collaboration with their lead scientist. However, we expect it to also be applicable in other biological applications where a single dataset contains multiple specimen; a common routine that is now widely followed in laboratories to increase throughput of expensive CT scanners.
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30
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Mohan JA, TinHan TC, Miller NR, David Wells RJ. Effects of sample cleaning and storage on the elemental composition of shark vertebrae. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2017; 31:2073-2080. [PMID: 28940897 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Application of vertebral chemistry in elasmobranchs has the potential to progress our understanding of individual migration patterns and population dynamics. However, the influence of handling artifacts such as sample cleaning and storage on vertebral chemistry is unclear and requires experimental investigation. METHODS Vertebrae centra from blacktip sharks (Carcharhinus limbatus) were cleaned with bleach (NaOCl) for 5 minutes (min), 1 hour (h) and 24 (h) in a cleaning experiment and stored frozen, in 70% ethanol, and 10% formalin treatments for 20 days in a storage experiment. Element concentrations (Li, Na, Mg, Mn, Cu, Zn, Sr, Ba, Pb) were quantified in the outer edges of vertebrae centra using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and the [element:Ca] molar ratios were compared among treatments and individual sharks. RESULTS Bleach cleaning significantly increased [Na:Ca] and formalin storage decreased [Na:Ca] and [Mg:Ca], but ethanol storage did not affect any [element:Ca] ratios. Vertebrae edge [Sr:Ca], [Ba:Ca] and [Mn:Ca] varied among individual sharks, potentially reflecting different environments that they had previously inhabited. CONCLUSIONS This study shows how archiving methods for vertebrae cartilage can affect primary element:Ca compositions. We demonstrate greatest element:Ca stabilities for vertebrae with limited bleach exposure that are either stored in ethanol or frozen, supporting the use of comparably archived sample sets in future elemental studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Mohan
- Department of Marine Biology, Texas A&M University at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Thomas C TinHan
- Department of Marine Biology, Texas A&M University at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Nathan R Miller
- Jackson School of Geoscience, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - R J David Wells
- Department of Marine Biology, Texas A&M University at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
- Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
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31
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Cheng C, Othman EM, Stopper H, Edrada-Ebel R, Hentschel U, Abdelmohsen UR. Isolation of Petrocidin A, a New Cytotoxic Cyclic Dipeptide from the Marine Sponge-Derived Bacterium Streptomyces sp. SBT348. Mar Drugs 2017; 15:md15120383. [PMID: 29211005 PMCID: PMC5742843 DOI: 10.3390/md15120383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
A new cyclic dipeptide, petrocidin A (1), along with three known compounds-2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid (2), 2,3-dihydroxybenzamide (3), and maltol (4)-were isolated from the solid culture of Streptomyces sp. SBT348. The strain Streptomyces sp. SBT348 had been prioritized in a strain collection of 64 sponge-associated actinomycetes based on its distinct metabolomic profile using liquid chromatography/high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The absolute configuration of all α-amino acids was determined by HPLC analysis after derivatization with Marfey's reagent and comparison with commercially available reference amino acids. Structure elucidation was pursued in the presented study by mass spectrometry and NMR spectral data. Petrocidin A (1) and 2,3-dihydroxybenzamide (3) exhibited significant cytotoxicity towards the human promyelocytic HL-60 and the human colon adenocarcinoma HT-29 cell lines. These results demonstrated the potential of sponge-associated actinomycetes for the discovery of novel and pharmacologically active natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Cheng
- Department of Botany II, Julius-von-Sachs Institute for Biological Sciences, University of Würzburg, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 3, D-97082 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Eman M Othman
- Department of Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher Str. 9, D-97078 Würzburg, Germany.
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt.
| | - Helga Stopper
- Department of Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher Str. 9, D-97078 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - RuAngelie Edrada-Ebel
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, The John Arbuthnott Building, 27 Taylor Street, Glasgow G4 0NR, UK.
| | - Ute Hentschel
- Department of Botany II, Julius-von-Sachs Institute for Biological Sciences, University of Würzburg, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 3, D-97082 Würzburg, Germany.
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, RD3 Marine Microbiology, and Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Düsternbrooker Weg 20, D-24105 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Usama Ramadan Abdelmohsen
- Department of Botany II, Julius-von-Sachs Institute for Biological Sciences, University of Würzburg, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 3, D-97082 Würzburg, Germany.
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt.
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32
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Chapman PM. Assessing and managing stressors in a changing marine environment. Mar Pollut Bull 2017; 124:587-590. [PMID: 27760713 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2016] [Revised: 10/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
We are facing a dynamic future in the face of multiple stressors acting individually and in combination: climate change; habitat change/loss; overfishing; invasive species; harmful algal blooms/eutrophication; and, chemical contaminants. Historic assessment and management approaches will be inadequate for addressing risks from climate change and other stressors. Wicked problems (non-linear, complex, competing risks and benefits, not easily solvable), will become increasingly common. We are facing irreversible changes to our planetary living conditions. Agreed protection goals and considering both the negatives (risks) and the positives (benefits) of all any and all actions are required, as is judicious and appropriate use of the Precautionary Principle. Researchers and managers need to focus on: determining tipping points (alternative stable points); maintaining ecosystem services; and, managing competing ecosystem services. Marine (and other) scientists are urged to focus their research on wicked problems to allow for informed decision-making on a planetary basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter M Chapman
- Chapema Environmental Strategies Ltd., 1324 West 22nd Street, North Vancouver, BC V7P 2G4, Canada.
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Chae Y, An YJ. Effects of micro- and nanoplastics on aquatic ecosystems: Current research trends and perspectives. Mar Pollut Bull 2017; 124:624-632. [PMID: 28222864 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.01.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 308] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2016] [Revised: 01/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Contamination by bulk plastics and plastic debris is currently the one of the most serious environmental problems in aquatic ecosystems. In particular, small-scale plastic debris such as microplastics and nanoplastics has become leading contributors to the pollution of marine and freshwater ecosystems. Studies are investigating the impacts of micro-and nanoplastics on aquatic organisms and ecosystems worldwide. This review covers 83 studies that investigated the distribution of microplastics and the ecotoxicity of micro- and nanoplastics in marine and freshwater ecosystems. The studies indicated that micro-sized plastics and plastic debris were distributed at various concentrations in aquatic ecosystems around the world. They had various effects on the growth, development, behavior, reproduction, and mortality of aquatic animals. We discuss these studies in detail and suggest directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yooeun Chae
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn-Joo An
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
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Hawkins SJ, Evans AJ, Mieszkowska N, Adams LC, Bray S, Burrows MT, Firth LB, Genner MJ, Leung KMY, Moore PJ, Pack K, Schuster H, Sims DW, Whittington M, Southward EC. Distinguishing globally-driven changes from regional- and local-scale impacts: The case for long-term and broad-scale studies of recovery from pollution. Mar Pollut Bull 2017; 124:573-586. [PMID: 28314615 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.01.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Marine ecosystems are subject to anthropogenic change at global, regional and local scales. Global drivers interact with regional- and local-scale impacts of both a chronic and acute nature. Natural fluctuations and those driven by climate change need to be understood to diagnose local- and regional-scale impacts, and to inform assessments of recovery. Three case studies are used to illustrate the need for long-term studies: (i) separation of the influence of fishing pressure from climate change on bottom fish in the English Channel; (ii) recovery of rocky shore assemblages from the Torrey Canyon oil spill in the southwest of England; (iii) interaction of climate change and chronic Tributyltin pollution affecting recovery of rocky shore populations following the Torrey Canyon oil spill. We emphasize that "baselines" or "reference states" are better viewed as envelopes that are dependent on the time window of observation. Recommendations are made for adaptive management in a rapidly changing world.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Hawkins
- Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, Southampton SO17 3ZH, UK; The Marine Biological Association of the UK, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth PL1 2PB, UK
| | - A J Evans
- Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, Southampton SO17 3ZH, UK; The Marine Biological Association of the UK, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth PL1 2PB, UK.
| | - N Mieszkowska
- The Marine Biological Association of the UK, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth PL1 2PB, UK; School of Environmental Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3GP, UK
| | - L C Adams
- The Marine Biological Association of the UK, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth PL1 2PB, UK
| | - S Bray
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK; AHTI Ltd. Unit 16, Highcroft Industrial Estate, Enterprise Road, Waterlooville, Hampshire PO8 0BT, UK
| | - M T Burrows
- Department of Ecology, Scottish Association for Marine Science, Scottish Marine Institute, Oban PA37 1QA, UK
| | - L B Firth
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, Plymouth University, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
| | - M J Genner
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK
| | - K M Y Leung
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulan Road, Hong Kong
| | - P J Moore
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth SY23 3FG, UK
| | - K Pack
- The Marine Biological Association of the UK, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth PL1 2PB, UK
| | - H Schuster
- Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, Southampton SO17 3ZH, UK
| | - D W Sims
- The Marine Biological Association of the UK, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth PL1 2PB, UK
| | - M Whittington
- International Tanker Owners Pollution Federation Ltd., 1 Oliver's Yard, 55 City Road, London EC1Y 1HQ, UK
| | - E C Southward
- The Marine Biological Association of the UK, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth PL1 2PB, UK
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Hou XM, Zhang YH, Hai Y, Zheng JY, Gu YC, Wang CY, Shao CL. Aspersymmetide A, a New Centrosymmetric Cyclohexapeptide from the Marine-Derived Fungus Aspergillus versicolor. Mar Drugs 2017; 15:E363. [PMID: 29165326 PMCID: PMC5706052 DOI: 10.3390/md15110363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A new centrosymmetric cyclohexapeptide, aspersymmetide A (1), together with a known peptide, asperphenamate (2), was isolated from the fungus Aspergillus versicolor isolated from a gorgonian coral Carijoa sp., collected from the South China Sea. The chemical structure of 1 was elucidated by analyzing its NMR spectroscopy and MS spectrometry data, and the absolute configurations of the amino acids of 1 were determined by Marfey's method and UPLC-MS analysis of the hydrolysate. Aspersymmetide A (1) represents the first example of marine-derived centrosymmetric cyclohexapeptide. Moreover, 1 exhibited weak cytotoxicity against NCI-H292 and A431 cell lines at the concentration of 10 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Mei Hou
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266200, China.
- State Key Laboratory for Marine Corrosion and Protection, Luoyang Ship Material Research (LSMRI), Qingdao 266061, China.
| | - Ya-Hui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266200, China.
| | - Yang Hai
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266200, China.
| | - Ji-Yong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Marine Corrosion and Protection, Luoyang Ship Material Research (LSMRI), Qingdao 266061, China.
| | - Yu-Cheng Gu
- Syngenta, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell RG42 6EY, Berkshire, UK.
| | - Chang-Yun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266200, China.
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Chang-Lun Shao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266200, China.
- State Key Laboratory for Marine Corrosion and Protection, Luoyang Ship Material Research (LSMRI), Qingdao 266061, China.
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Abstract
Oceans have shown to be a remarkable source of natural products. The biological properties of many of these compounds have helped to produce great advances in medicinal chemistry. Within them, marine natural products containing an oxepanyl ring are present in a great variety of algae, sponges, fungus and corals and show very important biological activities, many of them possessing remarkable cytotoxic properties against a wide range of cancer cell lines. Their rich chemical structures have attracted the attention of many researchers who have reported interesting synthetic approaches to these targets. This review covers the most prominent examples of these types of compounds, focusing the discussion on the isolation, structure determination, medicinal properties and total synthesis of these products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héctor Barbero
- GIR MIOMeT, IU CINQUIMA/Inorganic Chemistry, University of Valladolid, Campus Miguel Delibes, 47011 Valladolid, Spain.
| | - Carlos Díez-Poza
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Valladolid, Campus Miguel Delibes, 47011 Valladolid, Spain.
| | - Asunción Barbero
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Valladolid, Campus Miguel Delibes, 47011 Valladolid, Spain.
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Yamada T, Suzue M, Arai T, Kikuchi T, Tanaka R. Trichodermanins C-E, New Diterpenes with a Fused 6-5-6-6 Ring System Produced by a Marine Sponge-Derived Fungus. Mar Drugs 2017; 15:md15060169. [PMID: 28598397 PMCID: PMC5484119 DOI: 10.3390/md15060169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Trichodermanins C–E (1–3), new diterpenes with a rare fused 6-5-6-6 ring system, have been isolated from a fungus Trichoderma harzianum OUPS-111D-4 separated from a piece of a marine sponge Halichondria okadai, and these chemical structures have been established by spectroscopic analyses using IR, MASS, HRFABMS, and NMR spectra. We established their absolute stereostructures by application of the modified Mosher’s method. In addition, 1 inhibited the growth of cancer cell lines potently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Yamada
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1142, Japan.
| | - Mayo Suzue
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1142, Japan.
| | - Takanobu Arai
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1142, Japan.
| | - Takashi Kikuchi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1142, Japan.
| | - Reiko Tanaka
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1142, Japan.
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Abstract
In previous review articles the attention of the biocatalytically oriented scientific community towards the marine environment as a source of biocatalysts focused on the habitat-related properties of marine enzymes. Updates have already appeared in the literature, including marine examples of oxidoreductases, hydrolases, transferases, isomerases, ligases, and lyases ready for food and pharmaceutical applications. Here a new approach for searching the literature and presenting a more refined analysis is adopted with respect to previous surveys, centering the attention on the enzymatic process rather than on a single novel activity. Fields of applications are easily individuated: (i) the biorefinery value-chain, where the provision of biomass is one of the most important aspects, with aquaculture as the prominent sector; (ii) the food industry, where the interest in the marine domain is similarly developed to deal with the enzymatic procedures adopted in food manipulation; (iii) the selective and easy extraction/modification of structurally complex marine molecules, where enzymatic treatments are a recognized tool to improve efficiency and selectivity; and (iv) marine biomarkers and derived applications (bioremediation) in pollution monitoring are also included in that these studies could be of high significance for the appreciation of marine bioprocesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Trincone
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei, 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy.
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Strong JA, Elliott M. The value of remote sensing techniques in supporting effective extrapolation across multiple marine spatial scales. Mar Pollut Bull 2017; 116:405-419. [PMID: 28118970 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The reporting of ecological phenomena and environmental status routinely required point observations, collected with traditional sampling approaches to be extrapolated to larger reporting scales. This process encompasses difficulties that can quickly entrain significant errors. Remote sensing techniques offer insights and exceptional spatial coverage for observing the marine environment. This review provides guidance on (i) the structures and discontinuities inherent within the extrapolative process, (ii) how to extrapolate effectively across multiple spatial scales, and (iii) remote sensing techniques and data sets that can facilitate this process. This evaluation illustrates that remote sensing techniques are a critical component in extrapolation and likely to underpin the production of high-quality assessments of ecological phenomena and the regional reporting of environmental status. Ultimately, is it hoped that this guidance will aid the production of robust and consistent extrapolations that also make full use of the techniques and data sets that expedite this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Asa Strong
- The Institute of Estuarine and Coastal Studies, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UK.
| | - Michael Elliott
- The Institute of Estuarine and Coastal Studies, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UK
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Robson L, Holston M, Savitzky C, Mohan V. Integrating Community-Based Family Planning Services with Local Marine Conservation Initiatives in Southwest Madagascar: Changes in Contraceptive Use and Fertility. Stud Fam Plann 2017; 48:73-82. [PMID: 28207156 DOI: 10.1111/sifp.12016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study assessed changes in contraceptive use and fertility between 2009 and 2013 in the Velondriake locally managed marine area of southwest Madagascar where marine conservation organization Blue Ventures began implementing an integrated health-environment program in 2007. The proportion of sexually active women aged 15 to 49 years using hormonal contraception and/or condoms during last intercourse increased more than twofold from 25 percent in 2009 to 59 percent in 2013. The number of births in the last 12 months per 1,000 women of reproductive age declined by 20 percent over the same period from 178 in 2009 to 143 in 2013. This program increased access to family planning for previously under-served communities, leading to uptake of modern contraceptives with an associated decline in fertility. These results suggest that this program has enabled couples to avoid unintended pregnancies, thereby bolstering local marine conservation initiatives.
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Huang H, Wen CKC, Li X, Tao Y, Lian J, Yang J, Cherh KL. Can private management compensate the ineffective marine reserves in China? Ambio 2017; 46:73-87. [PMID: 27430996 PMCID: PMC5226901 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-016-0808-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2015] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Marine reserves (MRs) have emerged as a preferred method to protect coral reefs from overfishing and human disturbance. However, due to ineffective enforcement by governments, many MRs have been reduced to mere "paper parks" which fail to achieve conservation goals. This is especially true in countries such as China where compliance is low and resources dedicated to enforcement may be scarce. Privately managed marine reserves (PMMRs) may be effective in areas where government enforcement is lacking. To determine if PMMRs are a viable alternative strategy to protect coral reefs, we surveyed and compared fish assemblages and coral coverage in national MRs in Sanya, China to areas of reef privately leased to and managed by dive operators and hospitality industries. We found higher fish abundances and fish sizes in PMMR sites than in MR sites. However, while PMMRs are protected from fishing, other human impacts such as marine debris and illegal coral collection were evident in most tourist sites. Despite protection, long-term monitoring data of PMMRs revealed that in recent years, fish abundances have slightly recovered but species richness has not, indicating the need for a more comprehensive coral reef management plan. We strongly recommend coupling PMMRs with expertise supported regulations as an alternative coral reef management strategy in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Huang
- Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Colin Kuo-Chang Wen
- Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Life Science, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Xiubao Li
- Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Tao
- Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jainshen Lian
- Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianhui Yang
- Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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Schneider D, Wemheuer F, Pfeiffer B, Wemheuer B. Extraction of Total DNA and RNA from Marine Filter Samples and Generation of a cDNA as Universal Template for Marker Gene Studies. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1539:13-22. [PMID: 27900681 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6691-2_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Microbial communities play an important role in marine ecosystem processes. Although the number of studies targeting marker genes such as the 16S rRNA gene has been increased in the last few years, the vast majority of marine diversity is rather unexplored. Moreover, most studies focused on the entire bacterial community and thus disregarded active microbial community players. Here, we describe a detailed protocol for the simultaneous extraction of DNA and RNA from marine water samples and for the generation of cDNA from the isolated RNA which can be used as a universal template in various marker gene studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Schneider
- Institut für Mikrobiologie und Genetik, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Grisebachstr. 8, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Franziska Wemheuer
- Institut für Mikrobiologie und Genetik, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Grisebachstr. 8, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Birgit Pfeiffer
- Institut für Mikrobiologie und Genetik, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Grisebachstr. 8, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Bernd Wemheuer
- Institut für Mikrobiologie und Genetik, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Grisebachstr. 8, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.
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Pendleton L, Comte A, Langdon C, Ekstrom JA, Cooley SR, Suatoni L, Beck MW, Brander LM, Burke L, Cinner JE, Doherty C, Edwards PET, Gledhill D, Jiang LQ, van Hooidonk RJ, Teh L, Waldbusser GG, Ritter J. Coral Reefs and People in a High-CO2 World: Where Can Science Make a Difference to People? PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164699. [PMID: 27828972 PMCID: PMC5102364 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
REEFS AND PEOPLE AT RISK Increasing levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere put shallow, warm-water coral reef ecosystems, and the people who depend upon them at risk from two key global environmental stresses: 1) elevated sea surface temperature (that can cause coral bleaching and related mortality), and 2) ocean acidification. These global stressors: cannot be avoided by local management, compound local stressors, and hasten the loss of ecosystem services. Impacts to people will be most grave where a) human dependence on coral reef ecosystems is high, b) sea surface temperature reaches critical levels soonest, and c) ocean acidification levels are most severe. Where these elements align, swift action will be needed to protect people's lives and livelihoods, but such action must be informed by data and science. AN INDICATOR APPROACH Designing policies to offset potential harm to coral reef ecosystems and people requires a better understanding of where CO2-related global environmental stresses could cause the most severe impacts. Mapping indicators has been proposed as a way of combining natural and social science data to identify policy actions even when the needed science is relatively nascent. To identify where people are at risk and where more science is needed, we map indicators of biological, physical and social science factors to understand how human dependence on coral reef ecosystems will be affected by globally-driven threats to corals expected in a high-CO2 world. Western Mexico, Micronesia, Indonesia and parts of Australia have high human dependence and will likely face severe combined threats. As a region, Southeast Asia is particularly at risk. Many of the countries most dependent upon coral reef ecosystems are places for which we have the least robust data on ocean acidification. These areas require new data and interdisciplinary scientific research to help coral reef-dependent human communities better prepare for a high CO2 world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linwood Pendleton
- Université de Bretagne Occidentale, UMR6308 AMURE, IUEM, Plouzané, France
| | - Adrien Comte
- Université de Bretagne Occidentale, UMR6308 AMURE, IUEM, Plouzané, France
| | - Chris Langdon
- RSMAS/MBE, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Julia A. Ekstrom
- University of California Davis, Policy Institute for Energy, Environment and the Economy, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Sarah R. Cooley
- Ocean Conservancy, Washington, D.C., United States of America
| | - Lisa Suatoni
- Natural Resources Defense Council, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Michael W. Beck
- The Nature Conservancy and the University of California, Santa Cruz, Ocean Sciences, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
| | - Luke M. Brander
- Institute for Environmental Studies, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lauretta Burke
- World Resources Institute, Washington, D.C., United States of America
| | - Josh E. Cinner
- James Cook University, ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, Townsville, Australia
| | - Carolyn Doherty
- Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Peter E. T. Edwards
- Coral Reef Conservation Program, NOAA, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Dwight Gledhill
- Ocean Acidification Program, NOAA, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Li-Qing Jiang
- Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites, Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ruben J. van Hooidonk
- NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, Ocean Chemistry and Ecosystems Division, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Louise Teh
- Institute for Oceans and Fisheries, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - George G. Waldbusser
- Oregon State University, College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Jessica Ritter
- National Wildlife Foundation, Washington, D.C., United States of America
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Costa ABHP, Valença APMC, Santos PJPD. Is meiofauna community structure in Artificial Substrate Units a good tool to assess anthropogenic impact in estuaries? Mar Pollut Bull 2016; 110:354-361. [PMID: 27315755 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The applicability of estuarine meiofauna and harpacticoid copepods' communities in an artificial substrate unit (ASU) was assessed and compared to natural substrates (sediment and pneumatophores) as a tool to discern estuaries under different types of anthropogenic impacts. The ASU's replicates demonstrated a low variation of density among replicates when considering the total meiofauna and copepod species, which was reflected by a great similarity within the samples. In relation to the most abundant groups found, the ASU samples properly represented the natural substrates, even though nematodes were poor colonizers. That the ASU only showed significant differences between areas suggested that standard substrates could more efficiently detect the differences between communities and pointed toward the applicability of ASUs meiobenthic communities as useful tools for impact studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Bolena Harten Pinto Costa
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Centro de Ciências Biológicas (CCB), Departamento de Zoologia, Av. Prof. Moraes Rêgo s/n, Cidade Universitária, 50670-420 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Maria Cavalcanti Valença
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Centro de Tecnologia e Geociências (CTG), Departamento de Oceanografia, Av. Prof. Moraes Rêgo 1235, Cidade Universitária, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Paulo Jorge Parreira Dos Santos
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Centro de Ciências Biológicas (CCB), Departamento de Zoologia, Av. Prof. Moraes Rêgo s/n, Cidade Universitária, 50670-420 Recife, PE, Brazil.
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45
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Xu H, Yong J, Xu G. Bioassessment of water quality status using a potential bioindicator based on functional groups of planktonic ciliates in marine ecosystems. Mar Pollut Bull 2016; 110:409-414. [PMID: 27318762 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The feasibility of a potential ecological indicator based on functional groups of planktonic ciliates for bioassessment of water quality status were studied in a bay, northern Yellow Sea. Samples were biweekly collected at five stations with different water quality status during a 1-year period. The multivariate approach based on "bootstrap-average" analysis was used to summarize the spatial variation in functional structure of the samples. The functional patterns represented a significant spatial variability, and were significantly correlated with the changes of nutrients (mainly nitrate nitrogen, NO3-N), alone or in combination with dissolve oxygen and salinity among five stations. The functional diversity represented a clear spatial variation among five stations, and was found to be significantly related to the nutrient NO3-N. According to the results, we suggest that the ecological parameter based on functional groups of planktonic ciliates may be used as a potential bioindicator of water quality status in marine ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henglong Xu
- Department of Marine Ecology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Jiang Yong
- Department of Marine Ecology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Guangjian Xu
- Department of Marine Ecology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Department of Marine Biology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
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46
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Rodríguez-Rodríguez D, Rodríguez J, Blanco JM, Abdul Malak D. Marine protected area design patterns in the Mediterranean Sea: Implications for conservation. Mar Pollut Bull 2016; 110:335-342. [PMID: 27393212 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.06.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Mediterranean marine protected area (MPA) design patterns regarding geographic distribution, size, spacing and shape were analysed as a proxy of the region's MPA's ecological effectiveness and a first step towards an ecologically coherent MPA network. Results for legally designated MPAs and ecologically functional MPAs accounting for overlaps are presented. Geographically, Mediterranean MPA area is very unevenly distributed, with four-fifths concentrated in just three countries of the north-western part of the basin. Average distance between functional MPAs lies within recommended ecological thresholds, which suggests adequate potential connectivity of the Mediterranean MPA system. Mediterranean designated MPAs are larger than MPAs worldwide on average, although they are generally smaller than international guidance suggests at different levels: ecoregion, country and designation category. On average, Mediterranean designated and functional MPAs have relatively high compactness, which makes them prone to spillover and adequate viability, and less vulnerable to edge effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Rodríguez-Rodríguez
- University of Malaga, Andalucía Tech, European Topic Centre-University of Malaga, Campus deTeatinos s/n, 29071 Malaga, Spain; University of Malaga, Andalucía Tech, Department of Ecology, Campus deTeatinos s/n, 29071 Malaga, Spain.
| | - J Rodríguez
- University of Malaga, Andalucía Tech, Department of Ecology, Campus deTeatinos s/n, 29071 Malaga, Spain
| | - J M Blanco
- University of Malaga, Andalucía Tech, Department of Ecology, Campus deTeatinos s/n, 29071 Malaga, Spain
| | - D Abdul Malak
- University of Malaga, Andalucía Tech, European Topic Centre-University of Malaga, Campus deTeatinos s/n, 29071 Malaga, Spain
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47
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Lemesle S, Erraud A, Mussio I, Rusig AM, Claquin P. Dynamics of δ(15)N isotopic signatures of different intertidal macroalgal species: Assessment of bioindicators of N sources in coastal areas. Mar Pollut Bull 2016; 110:470-483. [PMID: 27349382 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
δ(15)N of annual (Ulva sp., Porphyra sp.) and perennial intertidal seaweed species (Chondrus crispus, Fucus sp.) collected on 17 sampling points along the French coast of the English Channel in 2012 and 2013 were assessed on their suitability as bioindicators of N pollution in coastal areas. A sine function applied for δ(15)N time series data showed for all the species the same seasonal trend with lowest δ(15)N values in April and highest in summer but with no significant interspecific differences of amplitude (α) and phase angle (ϕ). This model provides a useful tool for monitoring the inter-annual changes of N pollution. An interspecific variability of δ(15)N values was observed, probably due to their tolerance to emersion. An in vitro study for comparing the kinetic acquisition of the isotopic signal and N uptake mechanisms of each species underlined the influence of algal physiology on the δ(15)N interspecific variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Lemesle
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CNRS, BOREA, 14000 Caen, France; UMR BOREA, CNRS-7208, IRD-207, MNHN, UPMC, UNICAEN, Esplanade de la Paix, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Alexandre Erraud
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CNRS, BOREA, 14000 Caen, France; UMR BOREA, CNRS-7208, IRD-207, MNHN, UPMC, UNICAEN, Esplanade de la Paix, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Isabelle Mussio
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CNRS, BOREA, 14000 Caen, France; UMR BOREA, CNRS-7208, IRD-207, MNHN, UPMC, UNICAEN, Esplanade de la Paix, 14000 Caen, France.
| | - Anne-Marie Rusig
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CNRS, BOREA, 14000 Caen, France; UMR BOREA, CNRS-7208, IRD-207, MNHN, UPMC, UNICAEN, Esplanade de la Paix, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Pascal Claquin
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CNRS, BOREA, 14000 Caen, France; UMR BOREA, CNRS-7208, IRD-207, MNHN, UPMC, UNICAEN, Esplanade de la Paix, 14000 Caen, France
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48
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Sousa LL, López-Castejón F, Gilabert J, Relvas P, Couto A, Queiroz N, Caldas R, Dias PS, Dias H, Faria M, Ferreira F, Ferreira AS, Fortuna J, Gomes RJ, Loureiro B, Martins R, Madureira L, Neiva J, Oliveira M, Pereira J, Pinto J, Py F, Queirós H, Silva D, Sujit PB, Zolich A, Johansen TA, de Sousa JB, Rajan K. Integrated Monitoring of Mola mola Behaviour in Space and Time. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160404. [PMID: 27494028 PMCID: PMC4975458 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, ocean sunfish movements have been monitored worldwide using various satellite tracking methods. This study reports the near-real time monitoring of fine-scale (< 10 m) behaviour of sunfish. The study was conducted in southern Portugal in May 2014 and involved satellite tags and underwater and surface robotic vehicles to measure both the movements and the contextual environment of the fish. A total of four individuals were tracked using custom-made GPS satellite tags providing geolocation estimates of fine-scale resolution. These accurate positions further informed sunfish areas of restricted search (ARS), which were directly correlated to steep thermal frontal zones. Simultaneously, and for two different occasions, an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) video-recorded the path of the tracked fish and detected buoyant particles in the water column. Importantly, the densities of these particles were also directly correlated to steep thermal gradients. Thus, both sunfish foraging behaviour (ARS) and possibly prey densities, were found to be influenced by analogous environmental conditions. In addition, the dynamic structure of the water transited by the tracked individuals was described by a Lagrangian modelling approach. The model informed the distribution of zooplankton in the region, both horizontally and in the water column, and the resultant simulated densities positively correlated with sunfish ARS behaviour estimator (rs = 0.184, p<0.001). The model also revealed that tracked fish opportunistically displace with respect to subsurface current flow. Thus, we show how physical forcing and current structure provide a rationale for a predator’s fine-scale behaviour observed over a two weeks in May 2014.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara L. Sousa
- CIBIO-InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
- Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth PL1 2PB, United Kingdom
| | - Francisco López-Castejón
- Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering/Underwater Vehicles Laboratory, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena (UPCT), Alfonso XIII, 52, E-30203, Cartagena, Spain
| | - Javier Gilabert
- Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering/Underwater Vehicles Laboratory, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena (UPCT), Alfonso XIII, 52, E-30203, Cartagena, Spain
| | - Paulo Relvas
- Centre for Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Ana Couto
- CIBIO-InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
| | - Nuno Queiroz
- CIBIO-InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
| | - Renato Caldas
- Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Paulo Sousa Dias
- Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Hugo Dias
- Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Margarida Faria
- Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Filipe Ferreira
- Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - António Sérgio Ferreira
- Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - João Fortuna
- Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Joel Gomes
- Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Bruno Loureiro
- Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Martins
- Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Luis Madureira
- Oceanscan-MST, Avenida Liberdade, Polo Mar UPTEC, 4450-718 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Jorge Neiva
- Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Marina Oliveira
- Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - João Pereira
- Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - José Pinto
- Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Frederic Py
- Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Hugo Queirós
- Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Daniel Silva
- Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - P. B. Sujit
- Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- IIIT Delhi, New Delhi, 110020, India
| | - Artur Zolich
- Center for Autonomous Marine Operations and Systems, Department of Engineering Cybernetics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Gløshaugen, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tor Arne Johansen
- Center for Autonomous Marine Operations and Systems, Department of Engineering Cybernetics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Gløshaugen, Trondheim, Norway
| | - João Borges de Sousa
- Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Kanna Rajan
- Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- Center for Autonomous Marine Operations and Systems, Department of Engineering Cybernetics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Gløshaugen, Trondheim, Norway
- * E-mail:
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49
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Yurchenko AN, Smetanina OF, Ivanets EV, Kalinovsky AI, Khudyakova YV, Kirichuk NN, Popov RS, Bokemeyer C, von Amsberg G, Chingizova EA, Afiyatullov SS, Dyshlovoy SA. Pretrichodermamides D-F from a Marine Algicolous Fungus Penicillium sp. KMM 4672. Mar Drugs 2016; 14:md14070122. [PMID: 27355960 PMCID: PMC4962012 DOI: 10.3390/md14070122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Three new epidithiodiketopiperazines pretrichodermamides D–F (1–3), together with the known N-methylpretrichodermamide B (4) and pretrichodermamide С (5), were isolated from the lipophilic extract of the marine algae-derived fungus Penicillium sp. KMM 4672. The structures of compounds 1–5 were determined based on spectroscopic methods. The absolute configuration of pretrichodermamide D (1) was established by a combination of modified Mosher′s method, NOESY data, and biogenetic considerations. N-Methylpretrichodermamide B (5) showed strong cytotoxicity against 22Rv1 human prostate cancer cells resistant to androgen receptor targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton N Yurchenko
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospect 100-letiya Vladivostoka, 159, Vladivostok 690022, Russia.
| | - Olga F Smetanina
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospect 100-letiya Vladivostoka, 159, Vladivostok 690022, Russia.
| | - Elena V Ivanets
- School of Natural Science, Far Eastern Federal University, Sukhanova St., 8, Vladivostok 690000, Russia.
| | - Anatoly I Kalinovsky
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospect 100-letiya Vladivostoka, 159, Vladivostok 690022, Russia.
| | - Yuliya V Khudyakova
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospect 100-letiya Vladivostoka, 159, Vladivostok 690022, Russia.
| | - Natalya N Kirichuk
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospect 100-letiya Vladivostoka, 159, Vladivostok 690022, Russia.
| | - Roman S Popov
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospect 100-letiya Vladivostoka, 159, Vladivostok 690022, Russia.
| | - Carsten Bokemeyer
- Laboratory of Experimantal Oncology, Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald-Tumorzentrum, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany.
| | - Gunhild von Amsberg
- Laboratory of Experimantal Oncology, Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald-Tumorzentrum, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany.
| | - Ekaterina A Chingizova
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospect 100-letiya Vladivostoka, 159, Vladivostok 690022, Russia.
| | - Shamil Sh Afiyatullov
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospect 100-letiya Vladivostoka, 159, Vladivostok 690022, Russia.
| | - Sergey A Dyshlovoy
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospect 100-letiya Vladivostoka, 159, Vladivostok 690022, Russia.
- School of Natural Science, Far Eastern Federal University, Sukhanova St., 8, Vladivostok 690000, Russia.
- Laboratory of Experimantal Oncology, Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald-Tumorzentrum, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany.
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50
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Roullier C, Bertrand S, Blanchet E, Peigné M, Robiou du Pont T, Guitton Y, Pouchus YF, Grovel O. Time Dependency of Chemodiversity and Biosynthetic Pathways: An LC-MS Metabolomic Study of Marine-Sourced Penicillium. Mar Drugs 2016; 14:md14050103. [PMID: 27213411 PMCID: PMC4882577 DOI: 10.3390/md14050103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This work aimed at studying metabolome variations of marine fungal strains along their growth to highlight the importance of the parameter “time” for new natural products discovery. An untargeted time-scale metabolomic study has been performed on two different marine-derived Penicillium strains. They were cultivated for 18 days and their crude extracts were analyzed by HPLC-DAD-HRMS (High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Diode Array Detector-High Resolution Mass Spectrometry) each day. With the example of griseofulvin biosynthesis, a pathway shared by both strains, this work provides a new approach to study biosynthetic pathway regulations, which could be applied to other metabolites and more particularly new ones. Moreover, the results of this study emphasize the interest of such an approach for the discovery of new chemical entities. In particular, at every harvesting time, previously undetected features were observed in the LC-MS (Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry) data. Therefore, harvesting times for metabolite extraction should be performed at different time points to access the hidden metabolome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Roullier
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Nantes, EA 2160-Mer Molécules Santé, 9 rue Bias BP 53508, Nantes-cedex 1 44035, France.
- ThalassOMICS, Plateforme Corsaire, Biogenouest, Nantes 44035, France.
| | - Samuel Bertrand
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Nantes, EA 2160-Mer Molécules Santé, 9 rue Bias BP 53508, Nantes-cedex 1 44035, France.
- ThalassOMICS, Plateforme Corsaire, Biogenouest, Nantes 44035, France.
| | - Elodie Blanchet
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Nantes, EA 2160-Mer Molécules Santé, 9 rue Bias BP 53508, Nantes-cedex 1 44035, France.
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris, USR 3579, LBBM, Observatoire Océanologique, Banyuls-sur-Mer 66650, France.
| | - Mathilde Peigné
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Nantes, EA 2160-Mer Molécules Santé, 9 rue Bias BP 53508, Nantes-cedex 1 44035, France.
| | - Thibaut Robiou du Pont
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Nantes, EA 2160-Mer Molécules Santé, 9 rue Bias BP 53508, Nantes-cedex 1 44035, France.
| | - Yann Guitton
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Nantes, EA 2160-Mer Molécules Santé, 9 rue Bias BP 53508, Nantes-cedex 1 44035, France.
- Laboratoire d'Etude des Résidus et Contaminants dans les Aliments (LABERCA), LUNAM Université, Oniris, Nantes 44307, France.
| | - Yves François Pouchus
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Nantes, EA 2160-Mer Molécules Santé, 9 rue Bias BP 53508, Nantes-cedex 1 44035, France.
- ThalassOMICS, Plateforme Corsaire, Biogenouest, Nantes 44035, France.
| | - Olivier Grovel
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Nantes, EA 2160-Mer Molécules Santé, 9 rue Bias BP 53508, Nantes-cedex 1 44035, France.
- ThalassOMICS, Plateforme Corsaire, Biogenouest, Nantes 44035, France.
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