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Musso D, Desprès P. Serological Diagnosis of Flavivirus-Associated Human Infections. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:E302. [PMID: 32423058 PMCID: PMC7277941 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10050302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) belonging to the Flavivirus genus of the Flaviviridae family, are a major public health threat in tropical and subtropical regions, and have recently become a medical concern in temperate zones. Most flaviviruses are classified as zoonotic viruses. Human flavivirus infections can be asymptomatic, responsible for unspecific symptoms in the first few days following infection, or responsible for severe complications potentially resulting in death. During the first days following symptom onset, laboratory diagnosis of acute human flavivirus infection is mainly based on molecular detection of the viral genome by RT-PCR methods, followed by the capture of specific antibodies using serological tests after the first week of infection. The detection of antibodies that have virus neutralizing activity can be used to confirm flavivirus infection. However, human flavivirus infections induce the production of cross-reactive antibodies, often making serology inconclusive. Indeed, serological diagnosis of flavivirus infection can be hampered by a patient's history of flavivirus exposure, particularly in regions where multiple antigenically related flaviviruses co-circulate. We focus our mini review on conventional immunoassays that allow the diagnosis of major flavivirus-associated human infections in basic, routine and high-profile central health centers; and the interpretation of diagnostic serology tests for patients living within different epidemiological situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didier Musso
- IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, IHU-Méditerranée infection, Aix Marseille Université, 13005 Marseille, France
- Laboratoire Eurofins Labazur Guyane, 35 rue Lieutenant Brassé, 97300 Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Philippe Desprès
- INSERM U1187, CNRS UMR 9192, IRD UMR 249, Unité Mixte Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical, Plateforme Technologique CYROI, Université de La Réunion, 97491 Sainte-Clotilde, La Réunion, France;
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52
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Abstract
Epidemics are highly unpredictable, and so are real-world population dynamics. In this paper, we examine a dynamical model of an ecosystem with one predator and two prey species of which one carries a disease. We find that the system behaves chaotically for a wide range of parameters. Using the allometric mass scaling of animal and disease lifetimes, we predict chaos if (a) the disease is infectious enough to persist, and (b) it affects the larger prey species. This provides another example of chaos in a Lotka-Volterra system and a possible explanation for the apparent randomness of epizootic outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Eilersen
- University of Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Institute, Blegdamsvej 17, 2100, København Ø, Denmark.
| | - Mogens H Jensen
- University of Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Institute, Blegdamsvej 17, 2100, København Ø, Denmark
| | - Kim Sneppen
- University of Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Institute, Blegdamsvej 17, 2100, København Ø, Denmark
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53
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Qiu X, Liu N, Yang C, Zhou X. Aedes aegypti carrying triple knockdown resistance mutations in Beijing, China. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2020; 20:170. [PMID: 32006507 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(19)30748-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinghui Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Nian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Anhui, China
| | - Chan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiaojie Zhou
- Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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Abu-Rish EY, Elayeh ER, Albsoul-Younes AM. The Role of the Middle East in ZIKA Virus Circulation: Implications of a Cross-Sectional Study in Jordan. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2020; 100:974-980. [PMID: 30675847 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.18-0715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
ZIKA virus (ZIKAV) outbreak in Latin America was associated with international concerns of ZIKAV circulation. The lack of vaccine and Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs against this virus rendered prevention as the single most effective method to control its spread. Hence, this study aimed to assess Jordanian population knowledge, attitude, and practices toward ZIKAV and its prevention. An anonymous questionnaire was administered to adults in Amman, Jordan. The overall knowledge of participants was poor (mean knowledge score of 13.7/32). Between 75% and 86% of the respondents did not know the highest risk group of ZIKAV infection, its complications, and the major routes of transmission. About 40% of the population did not know that ZIKAV is sexually transmitted. Only 40% of the population believed that prevention measures are effective. Female gender, working in the medical field, having children, and the source of medical information were associated with significantly higher level of knowledge (R 2 = 0.143, P-value < 0.0001). Being pregnant, however, was not associated with a significantly high knowledge score. Physician recommendations and government's role were the most important predictors of practices toward ZIKAV prevention. Of the 14 returnees from outbreak areas, only six were tested for ZIKAV on coming back and only three continued the use of prevention measures for a sufficient time. Therefore, formulation of a national health policy, preparedness plans against any potential transmission, and organization of educational campaigns to meet the population's health educational needs are required. Special emphasis should be placed on pregnant women and travelers to/returnees from ZIKAV-affected areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Y Abu-Rish
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Eman R Elayeh
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Abla M Albsoul-Younes
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
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55
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Houé V, Gabiane G, Dauga C, Suez M, Madec Y, Mousson L, Marconcini M, Yen PS, de Lamballerie X, Bonizzoni M, Failloux AB. Evolution and biological significance of flaviviral elements in the genome of the arboviral vector Aedes albopictus. Emerg Microbes Infect 2020; 8:1265-1279. [PMID: 31469046 PMCID: PMC6735342 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2019.1657785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Since its genome details are publically available, the mosquito Aedes albopictus has become the central stage of attention for deciphering multiple biological and evolutionary aspects at the root of its success as an invasive species. Its genome of 1,967 Mb harbours an unusual high number of non-retroviral integrated RNA virus sequences (NIRVS). NIRVS are enriched in piRNA clusters and produce piRNAs, suggesting an antiviral effect. Here, we investigated the evolutionary history of NIRVS in geographically distant Ae. albopictus populations by comparing genetic variation as derived by neutral microsatellite loci and seven selected NIRVS. We found that the evolution of NIRVS was far to be neutral with variations both in their distribution and sequence polymorphism among Ae. albopictus populations. The Flaviviral elements AlbFlavi2 and AlbFlavi36 were more deeply investigated in their association with dissemination rates of dengue virus (DENV) and chikungunya virus (CHIKV) in Ae. albopictus at both population and individual levels. Our results show a complex association between NIRVS and DENV/CHIKV opening a new avenue for investigating the functional role of NIRVS as antiviral elements shaping vector competence of mosquitoes to arboviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Houé
- Department of Virology, Arboviruses and Insect Vectors, Institut Pasteur , Paris , France.,Sorbonne Université, Collège Doctoral , Paris , France
| | - Gaelle Gabiane
- Department of Virology, Arboviruses and Insect Vectors, Institut Pasteur , Paris , France
| | - Catherine Dauga
- Institut Pasteur, Center for Bioinformatics, BioStatistics and Integrative Biology (C3BI) , Paris , France
| | - Marie Suez
- Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine , Paris , France
| | - Yoann Madec
- Department of Infection and Epidemiology, Institut Pasteur, Epidemiology of Emerging Diseases , Paris , France
| | - Laurence Mousson
- Department of Virology, Arboviruses and Insect Vectors, Institut Pasteur , Paris , France
| | - Michele Marconcini
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia , Pavia , Italy
| | - Pei-Shi Yen
- Department of Virology, Arboviruses and Insect Vectors, Institut Pasteur , Paris , France
| | - Xavier de Lamballerie
- Aix Marseille Université, IRD French Institute of Research for Development, EHESP French School of Public Health, EPV UMR_D 190 'Emergence des Pathologies Virales' , Marseille , France.,IHU Méditerranée Infection, APHM Public Hospitals of Marseille , Marseille , France
| | | | - Anna-Bella Failloux
- Department of Virology, Arboviruses and Insect Vectors, Institut Pasteur , Paris , France
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Filho WL, Scheday S, Boenecke J, Gogoi A, Maharaj A, Korovou S. Climate Change, Health and Mosquito-Borne Diseases: Trends and Implications to the Pacific Region. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16245114. [PMID: 31847373 PMCID: PMC6950258 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16245114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Climate change is known to affect Pacific Island nations in a variety of ways. One of them is by increasing the vulnerability of human health induced by various climate change impacts, which pose an additional burden to the already distressed health systems in the region. This paper explores the associations between climate change and human health on the one hand, and outlines some of the health care challenges posed by a changing climate on the other. In particular, it describes the links between climate variations and the emergence of climate-sensitive infectious diseases, such as the mosquito-borne diseases dengue, chikungunya, and Zika. The paper also presents a summary of the key findings of the research initiatives Climate Change and Prevalence Study of ZIKA Virus Diseases in Fiji and the findings from the World Mosquito Program as two examples of public health action in the Pacific region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Leal Filho
- Research and Transfer Centre Sustainable Development and Climate Change Management, Hamburg University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, 20, 21033 Hamburg, Germany; (S.S.); (J.B.)
- Department of Natural Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK
- Correspondence:
| | - Svenja Scheday
- Research and Transfer Centre Sustainable Development and Climate Change Management, Hamburg University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, 20, 21033 Hamburg, Germany; (S.S.); (J.B.)
| | - Juliane Boenecke
- Research and Transfer Centre Sustainable Development and Climate Change Management, Hamburg University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, 20, 21033 Hamburg, Germany; (S.S.); (J.B.)
| | - Abhijit Gogoi
- Umanand Prasad School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The University of Fiji, Saweni, Lautoka 0700, Fiji; (A.G.); (S.K.)
| | - Anish Maharaj
- School of Science and Technology, The University of Fiji, Saweni, Lautoka 0700, Fiji;
| | - Samuela Korovou
- Umanand Prasad School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The University of Fiji, Saweni, Lautoka 0700, Fiji; (A.G.); (S.K.)
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Spatial distribution of dengue in Honduras during 2016-2019 using a geographic information systems (GIS)-Dengue epidemic implications for public health and travel medicine. Travel Med Infect Dis 2019; 32:101517. [PMID: 31715270 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2019.101517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND After serious epidemics of chikungunya (CHIKV) and Zika (ZIKV) in the Americas, dengue (DENV) have reemerged in most countries. We analyzed the incidence, incidence rates, and evolution of DENV cases in Honduras from 2015 to 2018 and the ongoing 2019 epidemic. METHODS Using epidemiological weeks (EW) surveillance data on the DENV in Honduras, we estimated incidence rates (cases/100,000 population), and developed maps at national, departmental, and municipal levels. RESULTS From January 1, 2016 to July 21, 2019, a total of 109,557 cases of DENV were reported, 28,603 in 2019, with an incidence rate of 312.32 cases/100,000 population this year; 0.13% laboratory-confirmed. The highest peak was reached on the EW 28°, 2019 (5299 cases; 57.89 cases/100,000 population). The department with the highest number of cases and incidence rate was Cortes (8404 cases, 479.68 cases/100,000 population in 2019). DISCUSSION The pattern and evolution of DENV epidemic in 2019 in Honduras has been similar to that which occurred for in 2015. As previously reported, this epidemic involved the north and central areas of the country predominantly, reaching municipality incidences there >1000 cases/100,000 population (or 1%). Studies using geographical information systems linked with clinical disease characteristics are necessary to obtain accurate epidemiological data for public health systems. Such information is also useful for assessment of risk for travelers who visit specific areas in a destination country.
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58
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Affiliation(s)
- Didier Musso
- From Aix Marseille Université, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Service de Santé des Armées, Vecteurs-Infections Tropicales et Méditerranéennes (VITROME), and Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France (D.M.); private practice, Punaauia, Tahiti, French Polynesia (D.M.); Laboratoire Eurofins Labazur Guyane, Eurofins, French Guiana (D.M.); the Department of Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT (A.I.K.); Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil (A.I.K.); and the Materno-foetal and Obstetrics Research Unit, Department Femme-Mère-Enfant, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, and Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (D.B.)
| | - Albert I Ko
- From Aix Marseille Université, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Service de Santé des Armées, Vecteurs-Infections Tropicales et Méditerranéennes (VITROME), and Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France (D.M.); private practice, Punaauia, Tahiti, French Polynesia (D.M.); Laboratoire Eurofins Labazur Guyane, Eurofins, French Guiana (D.M.); the Department of Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT (A.I.K.); Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil (A.I.K.); and the Materno-foetal and Obstetrics Research Unit, Department Femme-Mère-Enfant, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, and Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (D.B.)
| | - David Baud
- From Aix Marseille Université, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Service de Santé des Armées, Vecteurs-Infections Tropicales et Méditerranéennes (VITROME), and Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France (D.M.); private practice, Punaauia, Tahiti, French Polynesia (D.M.); Laboratoire Eurofins Labazur Guyane, Eurofins, French Guiana (D.M.); the Department of Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT (A.I.K.); Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil (A.I.K.); and the Materno-foetal and Obstetrics Research Unit, Department Femme-Mère-Enfant, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, and Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (D.B.)
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59
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Bonilla-Aldana DK, Bonilla-Aldana JL, García-Bustos JJ, Lozada CO, Rodríguez-Morales AJ. Geographical trends of chikungunya and Zika in the Colombian Amazonian gateway department, Caqueta, 2015-2018 - Implications for public health and travel medicine. Travel Med Infect Dis 2019; 35:101481. [PMID: 31521805 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2019.101481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chikungunya (CHIKV) and Zika (ZIKV) significantly affected Latin America in the period 2015-2017. Most studies were reported from urban areas of Brazil and Colombia. In this paper we estimate Incidence rates for CHIKV and ZIKV in Caqueta, the Amazonian gateway area of Colombia, from 2015 to 2018. METHODS Using surveillance data of CHIKV and ZIKV in Caqueta, Colombia, incidence rates were estimated (cases/100,000 population). Sixteen geographical information systems (GIS)-based municipal maps were developed. GIS software used was Kosmo 3.0®. RESULTS From 1st of January 2015 to the 24th of November 2018, 825 cases of CHIK and 1079 of ZIKV were reported, yielding cumulated incidence rates of 169.42 and 221.59 cases/100,000 population respectively. In 2016, 48.7% of the CHIKV cases (402) and 96.6% of the ZIKV cases (1042) were reported. The highest number of both arboviral diseases occurred at Florencia (capital department city), 225 cases for CHIKV (127.17 cases/100,000 pop.) and 611 for ZIKV (345.34 cases/100,000 pop.). DISCUSSION The temporo-spatial distribution of CHIKV and ZIKV infections in Caquetá reflected the pattern of concurrent epidemics, especially in 2016. Studies using GIS-linked maps are necessary to attain accurate epidemiological analyses for public health decisions. That is also useful for an epidemiologically based assessment of traveler risks when visiting specific areas in destination countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Katterine Bonilla-Aldana
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Fundación Universitaria Autónoma de las Américas, Sede Pereira, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia; Semillero de Zoonosis, Grupo de Investigación BIOECOS, Fundación Universitaria Autónoma de las Américas, Sede Pereira, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia; Public Health and Infection Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia; Committee on Tropical Medicine, Zoonoses and Travel Medicine, Asociación Colombiana de Infectología (ACIN), Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Jorge Luis Bonilla-Aldana
- Grupo de Investigación en Ciencias Animales Macagual, Universidad de La Amazonia, Florencia, Caquetá, 180002, Colombia
| | - Juan J García-Bustos
- Grupo de Investigación en Ciencias Animales Macagual, Universidad de La Amazonia, Florencia, Caquetá, 180002, Colombia; Grupo de Investigación en Patología e Inmunología - Doctorado en Medicina Tropical, Universidad del Magdalena, Santa Marta, Magdalena, 470004, Colombia
| | - Carlos O Lozada
- Public Health and Infection Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia; Regional Information System, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia
| | - Alfonso J Rodríguez-Morales
- Public Health and Infection Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia; Committee on Tropical Medicine, Zoonoses and Travel Medicine, Asociación Colombiana de Infectología (ACIN), Bogotá, Colombia; Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, UniFranz, Cochabamba, Bolivia.
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60
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Wilke ABB, Caban-Martinez AJ, Ajelli M, Vasquez C, Petrie W, Beier JC. Mosquito Adaptation to the Extreme Habitats of Urban Construction Sites. Trends Parasitol 2019; 35:607-614. [PMID: 31230997 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2019.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The construction industry employs millions of workers in the USA. However, little is known about how environmental disturbances caused by the construction industry impacts vector mosquito ecology and behavior, and whether it is responsible for increasing the abundance of mosquitoes. There is a major scientific gap on how to assess the occupational exposure risk of mosquito biting and arbovirus transmission among outdoor worker populations who spend a disproportionate amount of time working outdoors. In our opinion, it is critical to address how construction workers and the surrounding communities may be geographically and seasonally exposed to vector mosquitoes. Research should identify modifiable worker- and organizational-level factors that improve worksite mosquito-control practices to give insights into future vector-control strategies in urban environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- André B B Wilke
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.
| | - Alberto J Caban-Martinez
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Marco Ajelli
- Laboratory for the Modeling of Biological and Socio-technical Systems, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA; Bruno Kessler Foundation, Trento, Italy
| | | | - William Petrie
- Miami-Dade County Mosquito Control Division, Miami, FL, USA
| | - John C Beier
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
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Karungu S, Atoni E, Ogalo J, Mwaliko C, Agwanda B, Yuan Z, Hu X. Mosquitoes of Etiological Concern in Kenya and Possible Control Strategies. INSECTS 2019; 10:E173. [PMID: 31208124 PMCID: PMC6627689 DOI: 10.3390/insects10060173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Kenya is among the most affected tropical countries with pathogen transmitting Culicidae vectors. For decades, insect vectors have contributed to the emergence and distribution of viral and parasitic pathogens. Outbreaks and diseases have a great impact on a country's economy, as resources that would otherwise be used for developmental projects are redirected to curb hospitalization cases and manage outbreaks. Infected invasive mosquito species have been shown to increasingly cross both local and global boarders due to the presence of increased environmental changes, trade, and tourism. In Kenya, there have been several mosquito-borne disease outbreaks such as the recent outbreaks along the coast of Kenya, involving chikungunya and dengue. This certainly calls for the implementation of strategies aimed at strengthening integrated vector management programs. In this review, we look at mosquitoes of public health concern in Kenya, while highlighting the pathogens they have been linked with over the years and across various regions. In addition, the major strategies that have previously been used in mosquito control and what more could be done to reduce or combat the menace caused by these hematophagous vectors are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Karungu
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Evans Atoni
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Joseph Ogalo
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Caroline Mwaliko
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Bernard Agwanda
- Mammalogy Section, National Museum of Kenya, P.O. Box 40658, Nairobi 00100, Kenya.
| | - Zhiming Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Xiaomin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.
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62
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Nasserie T, Brent SE, Tuite AR, Moineddin R, Yong JHE, Miniota J, Bogoch II, Watts AG, Khan K. Association between air travel and importation of chikungunya into the USA. J Travel Med 2019; 26:5476406. [PMID: 31011752 DOI: 10.1093/jtm/taz028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Background: During infectious disease outbreaks with pandemic potential, the number of air passengers travelling from the outbreak source to international destinations has been used as a proxy for disease importation risk to new locations. However, evaluations of the validity of this approach are limited. We sought to quantify the association between international air travel and disease importation using the 2014-2016 chikungunya outbreak in the Americas as a case study. Methods: We used country-level chikungunya case data to define a time period of epidemic activity for each of the 45 countries and territories in the Americas reporting outbreaks between 2014 and 2016. For each country, we identified airports within or proximate to areas considered suitable for chikungunya transmission and summed the number of commercial air passengers departing from these airports during the epidemic period to each US state. We used negative binomial models to quantify the association between the number of incoming air passengers from countries experiencing chikungunya epidemics and the annual rate of chikungunya importation into the USA at the state level. Results: We found a statistically significant positive association between passenger flows via airline travel from countries experiencing chikungunya epidemics and the number of imported cases in the USA at the state level (P < 0.0001). Additionally, we found that as the number of arriving airline passengers increased by 10%, the estimated number of imported cases increased by 5.2% (95% CI: 3.0-7.6). Conclusion: This validation study demonstrated that air travel was strongly associated with observed importation of chikungunya cases in the USA and can be a useful proxy for identifying areas at increased risk for disease importation. This approach may be useful for understanding exportation risk of other arboviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahmina Nasserie
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada.,BlueDot, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Health Research & Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California USA
| | - Shannon E Brent
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada.,BlueDot, Toronto, Canada.,Michael G DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Ashleigh R Tuite
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada.,BlueDot, Toronto, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Rahim Moineddin
- BlueDot, Toronto, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Family & Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jean H E Yong
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada.,BlueDot, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jennifer Miniota
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada.,BlueDot, Toronto, Canada
| | - Isaac I Bogoch
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Alexander G Watts
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada.,BlueDot, Toronto, Canada
| | - Kamran Khan
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada.,BlueDot, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Rodríguez-Morales AJ, Ramírez-Vallejo E, Alvarado-Arnez LE, Paniz-Mondolfi A, Zambrano LI, Ko AI. Fatal Zika virus disease in adults: A critical reappraisal of an under-recognized clinical entity. Int J Infect Dis 2019; 83:160-162. [PMID: 30858118 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso J Rodríguez-Morales
- Public Health and Infection Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia; Colombian Collaborative Network of Zika (RECOLZIKA), Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia.
| | - Eduardo Ramírez-Vallejo
- Public Health and Infection Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia; Colombian Collaborative Network of Zika (RECOLZIKA), Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia; Eduardo Ramirez Vallejo Cardiologia SAS, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia
| | | | - Alberto Paniz-Mondolfi
- Colombian Collaborative Network of Zika (RECOLZIKA), Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia; Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Clínica IDB Cabudare, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas IDB, Barquisimeto, 3023, Lara, Venezuela; Infectious Diseases Research Branch, Venezuelan Science Incubator and the Zoonosis and Emerging Pathogens Regional Collaborative Network, Cabudare, 3023, Lara, Venezuela; Laboratorio de Señalización Celular y Bioquímica de Parásitos, Instituto de Estudios Avanzados (IDEA), Caracas, Venezuela; Academia Nacional de Medicina, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Lysien I Zambrano
- Colombian Collaborative Network of Zika (RECOLZIKA), Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia; Department of Morphological Sciences, School of Medical, Sciences, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras; Cardiovascular Division, Department of Physiology, Escola Paulista de Medicina (UNIFESP-EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Albert I Ko
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA; Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz/MS, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
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Jourdain F, Samy AM, Hamidi A, Bouattour A, Alten B, Faraj C, Roiz D, Petrić D, Pérez-Ramírez E, Velo E, Günay F, Bosevska G, Salem I, Pajovic I, Marić J, Kanani K, Paronyan L, Dente MG, Picard M, Zgomba M, Sarih M, Haddad N, Gaidash O, Sukhiasvili R, Declich S, Shaibi T, Sulesco T, Harrat Z, Robert V. Towards harmonisation of entomological surveillance in the Mediterranean area. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2019; 13:e0007314. [PMID: 31194743 PMCID: PMC6563966 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Mediterranean Basin is historically a hotspot for trade, transport, and migration. As a result, countries surrounding the Mediterranean Sea share common public health threats. Among them are vector-borne diseases, and in particular, mosquito-borne viral diseases are prime candidates as (re)emerging diseases and are likely to spread across the area. Improving preparedness and response capacities to these threats at the regional level is therefore a major issue. The implementation of entomological surveillance is, in particular, of utmost importance. Guidance in designing entomological surveillance systems is critical, and these systems may pursue different specific objectives depending on the disease. The purpose of the proposed review is to draw up guidelines for designing effective and sustainable entomological surveillance systems in order to improve preparedness and response. However, we make it clear that there is no universal surveillance system, so the thinking behind harmonisation is to define evidence-based standards in order to promote best practises, identify the most appropriate surveillance activities, and optimise the use of resources. Such guidance is aimed at policymakers and diverse stakeholders and is intended to be used as a framework for the implementation of entomological surveillance programmes. It will also be useful to collaborate and share information with health professionals involved in other areas of disease surveillance. Medical entomologists and vector control professionals will be able to refer to this report to advocate for tailored entomological surveillance strategies. The main threats targeted in this review are the vectors of dengue virus, chikungunya virus, Zika virus, West Nile virus, and Rift Valley fever virus. The vectors of all these arboviruses are mosquitoes. METHODS Current knowledge on vector surveillance in the Mediterranean area is reviewed. The analysis was carried out by a collaboration of the medical entomology experts in the region, all of whom belong to the MediLabSecure network, which is currently funded by the European Union and represents an international effort encompassing 19 countries in the Mediterranean and Black Sea region. FINDINGS Robust surveillance systems are required to address the globalisation of emerging arboviruses. The prevention and management of mosquito-borne viral diseases must be addressed in the prism of a One Health strategy that includes entomological surveillance as an integral part of the policy. Entomological surveillance systems should be designed according to the entomological and epidemiological context and must have well-defined objectives in order to effect a tailored and graduated response. We therefore rely on different scenarios according to different entomological and epidemiological contexts and set out detailed objectives of surveillance. The development of multidisciplinary networks involving both academics and public authorities will provide resources to address these health challenges by promoting good practises in surveillance (identification of surveillance aims, design of surveillance systems, data collection, dissemination of surveillance results, evaluation of surveillance activities) and through the sharing of effective knowledge and information. These networks will also contribute to capacity building and stronger collaborations between sectors at both the local and regional levels. Finally, concrete guidance is offered on the vector of the main arbovirus based on the current situation in the area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Jourdain
- French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development, Research unit MIVEGC IRD-CNRS-Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
| | - Abdallah M. Samy
- Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Afrim Hamidi
- University of Prishtina, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences, Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Ali Bouattour
- Université de Tunis El Manar, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, LR11IPT03 Service d’entomologie médicale, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Bülent Alten
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Science, Biology Department, Ecology Section, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Chafika Faraj
- Laboratoire d'Entomologie Médicale, Institut National d'Hygiène, Rabat, Morocco
| | - David Roiz
- French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development, Research unit MIVEGC IRD-CNRS-Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
| | - Dušan Petrić
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Phytomedicine and Environment Protection, Laboratory for Medical Entomology, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Elisa Pérez-Ramírez
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA-CISA), Carretera Algete-El Casar, Valdeolmos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Enkeledja Velo
- Control of Infectious Diseases Department, Institute of Public Health, Tirana, Albania
| | - Filiz Günay
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Science, Biology Department, Ecology Section, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Golubinka Bosevska
- Institute of Public Health of R. Macedonia, Laboratory for virology and molecular diagnostics, Skopje, the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
| | - Ibrahim Salem
- Ministry of Health, Central public health laboratory, Ramallah, Palestine
| | - Igor Pajovic
- University of Montenegro, Biotechnical Faculty, Podgorica, Montenegro
| | - Jelena Marić
- PI Veterinary Institute of the Republic of Srpska, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Khalil Kanani
- Parasitic and Zoonotic Diseases Department, Vector-Borne Diseases programmes manager, MOH, Ramallah, Jordan
| | - Lusine Paronyan
- Epidemiology of Vector borne and Parasitic diseases, National Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ministry of Health, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Maria-Grazia Dente
- National Center for Global Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Marie Picard
- French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development, Research unit MIVEGC IRD-CNRS-Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
| | - Marija Zgomba
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Phytomedicine and Environment Protection, Laboratory for Medical Entomology, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - M'hammed Sarih
- Laboratoire des Maladies Vectorielles, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Nabil Haddad
- Laboratory of Immunology and Vector-Borne Diseases, Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Fanar, Lebanon
| | - Oleksandr Gaidash
- State Body “Ukrainian I. I. Mechnikov Research Anti-Plague Institute of Ministry of Health of Ukraine”, Laboratory of Especially Dangerous Infections Epizootology, Odessa, Ukraine
| | - Roena Sukhiasvili
- National Center for Disease Control and Public Health, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Silvia Declich
- National Center for Global Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Taher Shaibi
- Reference Laboratory of Parasites & Vector Borne Diseases, NCDC Libya, and Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, University of Tripoli, Libya
| | - Tatiana Sulesco
- Institute of Zoology, Ministry of Education, Culture and Research, Chisinau, Moldova
| | - Zoubir Harrat
- Laboratoire éco-épidémiologie Parasitaire et Génétique des Populations, Institut Pasteur d’Algérie, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Vincent Robert
- French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development, Research unit MIVEGC IRD-CNRS-Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
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Wilke ABB, Vasquez C, Petrie W, Beier JC. Tire shops in Miami-Dade County, Florida are important producers of vector mosquitoes. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0217177. [PMID: 31107881 PMCID: PMC6527201 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Human mobility in urban environments is a central part of urbanization and has determined the layout of how cities are projected, built and renovated. One of the most problematic issues of urbanization is how to properly dispose of used tires, considering the worldwide annual production of approximately 1.4 billion units every year. Despite the efforts to properly dispose of used tires, they still represent a major problem for public health, notably serving as potential breeding sites for vector mosquitoes. Miami-Dade County, Florida has been suffering from arbovirus outbreaks for decades, including dengue, West Nile and yellow fever viruses. The objective of this study was to survey tire shops inserted in the urban matrix across Miami-Dade County for the presence of vector mosquitoes. This study used a cross-sectional design to survey the production of vector mosquitoes at 12 tires shops. Mosquitoes were found in all but one of the tires shops surveyed. We collected a total of 1,110 mosquitoes comprising 528 adults and 582 immatures. Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus were abundantly found in both their immature and adult forms, constituting 99.99% of the mosquito samples collected. Aedes aegypti was the most abundant species recorded displaying the highest values in the Shannon and Simpson indices. The findings of this study demonstrate that vector mosquitoes, primarily Ae. aegypti, are being produced in tires shops in Miami indicating these habitats are highly favorable breeding environments for the production of vector mosquitoes and emphasizing the need to address how the abundance and presence of mosquitoes may vary seasonally in these environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- André B. B. Wilke
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Chalmers Vasquez
- Miami-Dade County Mosquito Control Division, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - William Petrie
- Miami-Dade County Mosquito Control Division, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - John C. Beier
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
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Guillain-Barré syndrome associated with Zika virus infection in Honduras, 2016-2017. Int J Infect Dis 2019; 84:136-137. [PMID: 31096053 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2019.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
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Rocha MN, Duarte MM, Mansur SB, Silva BDME, Pereira TN, Adelino TÉR, Giovanetti M, Alcantara LCJ, Santos FM, Costa VRDM, Teixeira MM, Iani FCDM, Costa VV, Moreira LA. Pluripotency of Wolbachia against Arboviruses: the case of yellow fever. Gates Open Res 2019; 3:161. [PMID: 31259313 PMCID: PMC6561079 DOI: 10.12688/gatesopenres.12903.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Yellow fever outbreaks have re-emerged in Brazil during 2016-18, with mortality rates up to 30%. Although urban transmission has not been reported since 1942, the risk of re-urbanization of yellow fever is significant, as Aedes aegypti is present in most tropical and sub-tropical cities in the World and still remains the main vector of urban YFV. Although the YFV vaccine is safe and effective, it does not always reach populations at greatest risk of infection and there is an acknowledged global shortage of vaccine supply. The introgression of Wolbachia bacteria into Ae. aegypti mosquito populations is being trialed in several countries ( www.worldmosquito.org) as a biocontrol method against dengue, Zika and chikungunya. Here, we studied the ability of Wolbachia to reduce the transmission potential of Ae. aegypti mosquitoes for Yellow fever virus (YFV). Methods: Two recently isolated YFV (primate and human) were used to challenge field-derived wild-type and Wolbachia-infected ( wMel +) Ae. aegypti mosquitoes. The YFV infection status was followed for 7, 14 and 21 days post-oral feeding (dpf). The YFV transmission potential of mosquitoes was evaluated via nano-injection of saliva into uninfected mosquitoes or by inoculation in mice. Results: We found that Wolbachia was able to significantly reduce the prevalence of mosquitoes with YFV infected heads and thoraces for both viral isolates. Furthermore, analyses of mosquito saliva, through indirect injection into naïve mosquitoes or via interferon-deficient mouse model, indicated Wolbachia was associated with profound reduction in the YFV transmission potential of mosquitoes (14dpf). Conclusions: Our results suggest that Wolbachia introgression could be used as a complementary strategy for prevention of urban yellow fever transmission, along with the human vaccination program.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Myrian Morato Duarte
- Serviço de Virologia e Riquetsioses, Fundação Ezequiel Dias-LACEN, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Marta Giovanetti
- Laboratório de Flavivírus, IOC, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Luis Carlos Junior Alcantara
- Laboratório de Flavivírus, IOC, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Franciele Martins Santos
- Centro de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Fármacos, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
- Research Group in Arboviral Diseases, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Victor Rodrigues de Melo Costa
- Centro de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Fármacos, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
- Research Group in Arboviral Diseases, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Mauro Martins Teixeira
- Centro de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Fármacos, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
- Immunopharmacology Lab, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Felipe Campos de Melo Iani
- Serviço de Virologia e Riquetsioses, Fundação Ezequiel Dias-LACEN, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
- Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Vivian Vasconcelos Costa
- Centro de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Fármacos, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
- Research Group in Arboviral Diseases, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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68
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Ryan SJ, Carlson CJ, Mordecai EA, Johnson LR. Global expansion and redistribution of Aedes-borne virus transmission risk with climate change. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2019; 13:e0007213. [PMID: 30921321 PMCID: PMC6438455 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 357] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Forecasting the impacts of climate change on Aedes-borne viruses-especially dengue, chikungunya, and Zika-is a key component of public health preparedness. We apply an empirically parameterized model of viral transmission by the vectors Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus, as a function of temperature, to predict cumulative monthly global transmission risk in current climates, and compare them with projected risk in 2050 and 2080 based on general circulation models (GCMs). Our results show that if mosquito range shifts track optimal temperature ranges for transmission (21.3-34.0°C for Ae. aegypti; 19.9-29.4°C for Ae. albopictus), we can expect poleward shifts in Aedes-borne virus distributions. However, the differing thermal niches of the two vectors produce different patterns of shifts under climate change. More severe climate change scenarios produce larger population exposures to transmission by Ae. aegypti, but not by Ae. albopictus in the most extreme cases. Climate-driven risk of transmission from both mosquitoes will increase substantially, even in the short term, for most of Europe. In contrast, significant reductions in climate suitability are expected for Ae. albopictus, most noticeably in southeast Asia and west Africa. Within the next century, nearly a billion people are threatened with new exposure to virus transmission by both Aedes spp. in the worst-case scenario. As major net losses in year-round transmission risk are predicted for Ae. albopictus, we project a global shift towards more seasonal risk across regions. Many other complicating factors (like mosquito range limits and viral evolution) exist, but overall our results indicate that while climate change will lead to increased net and new exposures to Aedes-borne viruses, the most extreme increases in Ae. albopictus transmission are predicted to occur at intermediate climate change scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadie J. Ryan
- Department of Geography, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Colin J. Carlson
- Department of Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States of America
- National Socio-Environmental Synthesis Center, University of Maryland, Annapolis, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Erin A. Mordecai
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Leah R. Johnson
- Department of Statistics, Virginia Polytechnic and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
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69
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Rocha MN, Duarte MM, Mansur SB, Silva BDME, Pereira TN, Adelino TÉR, Giovanetti M, Alcantara LCJ, Santos FM, Costa VRDM, Teixeira MM, Iani FCDM, Costa VV, Moreira LA. Pluripotency of Wolbachia against Arbovirus: the case of yellow fever. Gates Open Res 2019. [DOI: 10.12688/gatesopenres.12903.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Yellow fever outbreaks have re-emerged in Brazil during 2016-18, with mortality rates up to 30%. Although urban transmission has not been reported since 1942, the risk of re-urbanization of yellow fever is significant, as Aedes aegypti is present in most tropical and sub-tropical cities in the World and used to be the main vector in the past. The introgression of Wolbachia bacteria into Ae. aegypti mosquito populations is being trialed in several countries (www.worldmosquito.org)as a biocontrol method against dengue, Zika and chikungunya. Here, we studied the ability of Wolbachia to reduce the transmission potential of Ae. aegypti mosquitoes for yellow fever virus (YFV). Methods: Two recently isolated YFV (primate and human) were used to challenge field-derived wild-type and Wolbachia-infected (wMel +) Ae. aegypti mosquitoes. The YFV infection status was followed for 7, 14 and 21 days post-oral feeding (dpf). The YFV transmission potential of mosquitoes was evaluated via nano-injection of saliva into uninfected mosquitoes or by inoculation in mice. Results: We found that Wolbachia was able to significantly reduce the prevalence of mosquitoes with YFV infected heads and thoraces for both viral isolates. Furthermore, analyses of mosquito saliva, through indirect injection into naïve mosquitoes or via interferon-deficient mouse model, indicated Wolbachia was associated with profound reduction in the YFV transmission potential of mosquitoes (14dpf). Conclusions: Our results suggest that Wolbachia introgression could be used as a complementary strategy for prevention of urban yellow fever transmission, along with the human vaccination program.
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70
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Aubry M, Cao-Lormeau VM. History of arthropod-borne virus infections in French Polynesia. New Microbes New Infect 2019; 29:100513. [PMID: 30899520 PMCID: PMC6407142 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2019.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In French Polynesia, arthropod-borne diseases are major public health problems. From the mid-1940s, the four serotypes of dengue virus (DENV-1 to -4) have caused 15 epidemics of variable severity. In 2013, for the first time, a sustained co-circulation of two different DENV serotypes (DENV-1 and -3) was reported. The same year, Zika virus (ZIKV) caused the largest outbreak ever recorded at that time. Severe neurologic complications in adults, including Guillain-Barré syndrome and central nervous system malformations in newborns and foeteuses, such as microcephaly, were reported, and a causal link with ZIKV infection was established. In addition to mosquito-borne transmission, the potential for perinatal, sexual and blood-transfusion transmission of ZIKV was demonstrated. In 2014, chikungunya virus (CHIKV) caused an explosive outbreak. Series of Guillain-Barré syndrome temporally associated with the CHIKV epidemic were reported. Except for DENV, ZIKV and CHIKV, no other arboviruses have been detected so far, but serologic evidence suggested the past silent circulation of Ross River virus. From May 2015 DENV-1 has been the only arbovirus transmitted in French Polynesia, but the reemergence of DENV-2 is highly expected since the detection of two autochthonous cases of DENV-2 infection in June 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Aubry
- Institut Louis Malardé, Tahiti, French Polynesia
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71
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Zambrano LI, Vasquez-Bonilla WO, Fuentes-Barahona IC, Cláudio da Silva J, Valle-Reconco JA, Medina MT, England JD, Sánchez-Duque JA, Rodríguez-Morales AJ. Spatial distribution of Zika in Honduras during 2016-2017 using geographic information systems (GIS) - Implications for public health and travel medicine. Travel Med Infect Dis 2019; 31:101382. [PMID: 30721779 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2019.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zika virus (ZIKV) infection has significantly affected Latin America in 2015-2017. Most studies have been reported from Brazil and Colombia, and only a few from Central America. For these reasons, we analyzed the incidence, incidence rates and evolution of cases in Honduras from 2016 to 2017. METHODS Using epidemiological weeks (EW) surveillance data on the ZIKV epidemics in Honduras, we estimated incidence rates (cases/100,000 population), and developed maps at national, departmental and municipal levels. RESULTS From 1 January 2016 to 31 December 2017, a total of 32,607 cases of ZIKV were reported (98.5% in 2016 for an incidence rate of 36.85 cases/100,000 pop; 1% confirmed by RT-PCR). The highest peak was reached on the EW 6°, 2016 (2559 cases; 29.34 cases/100,000 pop). The department with the highest number of cases and incidence rate was Cortés (13,128 cases, 791.08 cases/100,000 pop in 2016). DISCUSSION The pattern and evolution of ZIKV infection in Honduras have been similar to that which occurred for chikungunya in 2015. As previously reported, infection with chikungunya involved predominantly the central and capital area of the country, reaching incidences there >750 cases/100,000 pop. Studies using geographical information systems linked with clinical disease characteristics are necessary to attain accurate epidemiological data for public health systems. Such information is also useful for assessment of risk for travelers who visit specific areas in a destination country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lysien I Zambrano
- Department of Morphological Sciences, School of Medical, Sciences, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras; Cardiovascular Division, Department of Physiology, Escola Paulista de Medicina (UNIFESP-EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Colombian Collaborative Network of Zika (RECOLZIKA), Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia
| | | | - Itzel Carolina Fuentes-Barahona
- School of Medical Sciences, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Hospital Escuela, Tegucigalpa, Honduras
| | - José Cláudio da Silva
- Centro Universitário CESMAC, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil; State University of Health Sciences of Alagoas - UNCISAL, Alagoas, Brazil
| | | | - Marco Tulio Medina
- Colombian Collaborative Network of Zika (RECOLZIKA), Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia; School of Medical Sciences, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras; World Federation of Neurology Zika Working Group, London, SW6 3JA United Kingdom
| | - John D England
- World Federation of Neurology Zika Working Group, London, SW6 3JA United Kingdom; Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Jorge A Sánchez-Duque
- Public Health and Infection Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira (UTP), Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia
| | - Alfonso J Rodríguez-Morales
- Colombian Collaborative Network of Zika (RECOLZIKA), Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia; Public Health and Infection Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira (UTP), Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia; Committee on Travel Medicine, Asociación Panamericana de Infectología, Panama, Panama; Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, UniFranz, Cochabamba, Bolivia.
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Marklewitz M, Junglen S. Evolutionary and ecological insights into the emergence of arthropod-borne viruses. Acta Trop 2019; 190:52-58. [PMID: 30339799 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) is of global concern as they can rapidly spread across countries and to new continents as the recent examples of chikungunya virus and Zika virus have demonstrated. Whereas the global movement patterns of emerging arboviruses are comparatively well studied, there is little knowledge on initial emergence processes that enable sylvatic (enzootic) viruses to leave their natural amplification cycle and infect humans or livestock, often also involving infection of anthropophilic vector species. Emerging arboviruses almost exclusively originate in highly biodiverse ecosystems of tropical countries. Changes in host population diversity and density can affect pathogen transmission patterns and are likely to influence arbovirus emergence processes. This review focuses on concepts from disease ecology, explaining the interplay between biodiversity and pathogen emergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Marklewitz
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Free University Berlin, Humboldt-University Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Germany
| | - Sandra Junglen
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Free University Berlin, Humboldt-University Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Germany.
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73
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Maucourant C, Petitdemange C, Yssel H, Vieillard V. Control of Acute Arboviral Infection by Natural Killer Cells. Viruses 2019; 11:v11020131. [PMID: 30709036 PMCID: PMC6410043 DOI: 10.3390/v11020131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent explosive pandemic of chikungunya virus (CHIKV) followed by Zika (ZIKV) virus infections occurring throughout many countries represents the most unexpected arrival of arthropod-borne viral diseases in the past 20 years. Transmitted through the bite of Aedes mosquitoes, the clinical picture associated with these acute arbovirus infections, including Dengue (DENV), CHIKV and ZIKV, ranges from classical febrile illness to life-threatening disease. Whereas ZIKV and CHIKV-mediated infections have previously been recognized as relatively benign diseases, in contrast to Dengue fever, recent epidemic events have brought waves of increased morbidity and mortality leading to a serious public health problem. Although the host immune response plays a crucial role in controlling infections, it may also promote viral spread and immunopathology. Here, we review recent developments in our understanding of the immune response, with an emphasis on the early antiviral immune response mediated by natural killer cells and emphasize their Janus-faced effects in the control of arbovirus infection and pathogenesis. Improving our understanding knowledge on of the mechanisms that control viral infection is crucial in the current race against the globalization of arbovirus epidemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Maucourant
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm U1135, CNRS ERL8255, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), 75013 Paris, France.
| | - Caroline Petitdemange
- Institut Gustave Roussy, CNRS UMR9196, Unité Physiologie et Pathologie Moléculaires des Rétrovirus Endogènes et Infectieux, 94800 Villejuif, France.
| | - Hans Yssel
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm U1135, CNRS ERL8255, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), 75013 Paris, France.
| | - Vincent Vieillard
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm U1135, CNRS ERL8255, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), 75013 Paris, France.
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74
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Motta D, Santos AÁB, Winkler I, Machado BAS, Pereira DADI, Cavalcanti AM, Fonseca EOL, Kirchner F, Badaró R. Application of convolutional neural networks for classification of adult mosquitoes in the field. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0210829. [PMID: 30640961 PMCID: PMC6331110 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue, chikungunya and Zika are arboviruses transmitted by mosquitos of the genus Aedes and have caused several outbreaks in world over the past ten years. Morphological identification of mosquitos is currently restricted due to the small number of adequately trained professionals. We implemented a computational model based on a convolutional neural network (CNN) to extract features from mosquito images to identify adult mosquitoes from the species Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus and Culex quinquefasciatus. To train the CNN to perform automatic morphological classification of mosquitoes, we used a dataset that included 4,056 mosquito images. Three neural networks, including LeNet, AlexNet and GoogleNet, were used. During the validation phase, the accuracy of the mosquito classification was 57.5% using LeNet, 74.7% using AlexNet and 83.9% using GoogleNet. During the testing phase, the best result (76.2%) was obtained using GoogleNet; results of 52.4% and 51.2% were obtained using LeNet and AlexNet, respectively. Significantly, accuracies of 100% and 90% were achieved for the classification of Aedes and Culex, respectively. A classification accuracy of 82% was achieved for Aedes females. Our results provide information that is fundamental for the automatic morphological classification of adult mosquito species in field. The use of CNN's is an important method for autonomous identification and is a valuable and accessible resource for health workers and taxonomists for the identification of some insects that can transmit infectious agents to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Motta
- University Center SENAI CIMATEC, National Service of Industrial Learning–SENAI, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Ingrid Winkler
- University Center SENAI CIMATEC, National Service of Industrial Learning–SENAI, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Bruna Aparecida Souza Machado
- University Center SENAI CIMATEC, National Service of Industrial Learning–SENAI, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Health Institute of Technologies (CIMATEC ITS), National Service of Industrial Learning–SENAI, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | | | | | - Eduardo Oyama Lins Fonseca
- Health Institute of Technologies (CIMATEC ITS), National Service of Industrial Learning–SENAI, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Frank Kirchner
- Research Centre for Artificial Intelligence, DFKI, Bremen, Germany
| | - Roberto Badaró
- University Center SENAI CIMATEC, National Service of Industrial Learning–SENAI, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Health Institute of Technologies (CIMATEC ITS), National Service of Industrial Learning–SENAI, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
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75
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Mavian C, Dulcey M, Munoz O, Salemi M, Vittor AY, Capua I. Islands as Hotspots for Emerging Mosquito-Borne Viruses: A One-Health Perspective. Viruses 2018; 11:E11. [PMID: 30585228 PMCID: PMC6356932 DOI: 10.3390/v11010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
During the past ten years, an increasing number of arbovirus outbreaks have affected tropical islands worldwide. We examined the available literature in peer-reviewed journals, from the second half of the 20th century until 2018, with the aim of gathering an overall picture of the emergence of arboviruses in these islands. In addition, we included information on environmental and social drivers specific to island setting that can facilitate the emergence of outbreaks. Within the context of the One Health approach, our review highlights how the emergence of arboviruses in tropical islands is linked to the complex interplay between their unique ecological settings and to the recent changes in local and global sociodemographic patterns. We also advocate for greater coordination between stakeholders in developing novel prevention and mitigation approaches for an intractable problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Mavian
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
- Emerging Pathogens Institute University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
| | - Melissa Dulcey
- Emerging Pathogens Institute University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
| | - Olga Munoz
- Emerging Pathogens Institute University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
- One Health Center of Excellence, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
| | - Marco Salemi
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
- Emerging Pathogens Institute University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
| | - Amy Y Vittor
- Emerging Pathogens Institute University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Medicine, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
| | - Ilaria Capua
- Emerging Pathogens Institute University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
- One Health Center of Excellence, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
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76
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Wilke ABB, Vasquez C, Petrie W, Caban-Martinez AJ, Beier JC. Construction sites in Miami-Dade County, Florida are highly favorable environments for vector mosquitoes. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0209625. [PMID: 30571764 PMCID: PMC6301795 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Urbanization is increasing globally, and construction sites are an integral part of the urbanization process. It is unknown to what extent construction sites create favorable breeding conditions for mosquitoes. The main objectives of the present study were to identify what species of mosquitoes are present at construction sites and the respective physical features associated with their production. Eleven construction sites were cross-sectionally surveyed for the presence of mosquitoes in Miami-Dade County, Florida including in areas previously affected by the Zika virus outbreak in 2016. A total of 3.351 mosquitoes were collected; 2.680 adults and 671 immatures. Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus comprised 95% of all collected mosquitoes and were the only species found in their immature forms breeding inside construction sites. Results for the Shannon and Simpson indices, considering both immature and adult specimens, yielded the highest values for Cx. quinquefasciatus and Ae. aegypti. The individual rarefaction curves indicated that sampling sufficiency was highly asymptotic for Cx. quinquefasciatus and Ae. aegypti, and the plots of cumulative species abundance (ln S), Shannon index (H) and log evenness (ln E) (SHE) revealed the lack of heterogeneity of species composition, diversity and evenness for the mosquitoes found breeding in construction sites. The most productive construction site breeding features were elevator shafts, Jersey plastic barriers, flooded floors and stair shafts. The findings of this study indicate that vector mosquitoes breed in high numbers at construction sites and display reduced biodiversity comprising almost exclusively Ae. aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus. Such findings suggest that early phase construction sites have suitable conditions for the proliferation of vector mosquitoes. More studies are needed to identify modifiable worker- and organizational-level factors to improve mosquito control practices and guide future mosquito control strategies in urban environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- André B B Wilke
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Chalmers Vasquez
- Miami-Dade County Mosquito Control Division, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - William Petrie
- Miami-Dade County Mosquito Control Division, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Alberto J Caban-Martinez
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - John C Beier
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States of America
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77
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Barnay JL, Cabie A, Simon F. A novel framework for the treatment of arboviral diseases. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2018; 18:1178-1179. [PMID: 30507397 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(18)30572-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- José-Luis Barnay
- Unit of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, University Hospital of Martinique, 97200 Fort De France, Martinique.
| | - André Cabie
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Martinique, 97200 Fort De France, Martinique
| | - Fabrice Simon
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Laveran Military Teaching Hospital, Marseille, France
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78
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Musso D, Parola P, Raoult D. Yellow fever: the Pacific should be prepared. Lancet 2018; 392:2347. [PMID: 30527606 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(18)32520-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Didier Musso
- Unit of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institut Louis Malardé, Tahiti 98713, French Polynesia; Unité Mixte de Recherche, Vecteurs-Infections Tropicales et Méditerranéennes, Marseille, France.
| | - Philippe Parola
- Unité Mixte de Recherche, Vecteurs-Infections Tropicales et Méditerranéennes, Marseille, France; Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Didier Raoult
- Unité Mixte de Recherche, Microbes Evolution Phylogeny and Infections, Marseille, France; Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
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79
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Rocha FAC, Landim JIVD, da Rocha LN. Advances in rheumatology practice in Brazil. Rheumatol Int 2018; 39:1125-1134. [PMID: 30506466 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-018-4211-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite resilient inequities, Brazil has seen progressive improvement in health care in the last 25 years. Infectious diseases rendered place to chronic non-communicable diseases as a major cause of death. Existence of traditional schools of medicine and training services in rheumatology helped form a reasonable number of specialists, though irregular distribution due to the economic issues favoring their clustering in major cities. The Brazilian Society of Rheumatology provides continued medical education, helps training rheumatologists, family physicians and other health professionals and has worked to publish national recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of major rheumatic diseases. Access to medications and health care facilities is provided for most patients, free of direct charge, including biologics. Specialized services for autoimmune and rare diseases, including pediatric rheumatology and autoinflammatory diseases, have improved, particularly in developed centers of the southern best developed parts of the country. A major unmet need is the lack of access to non-pharmacological treatment modalities. In this article, we will summarize some of the strengths and points that need improvement to enhance access to the rheumatological health care in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Airton Castro Rocha
- Laboratório de Investigação em Osteoartropatias, Department of Internal Medicine, Liga de Reumatologia e Doenças Autoimunes, Instituto de Biomedicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Federal University of Ceará, Rua Cel. Nunes de Melo, 1315, 1°. Andar, Rodolfo Teófilo, Fortaleza, CE, 60430-270, Brazil.
| | - Joaquim Ivo Vasques Dantas Landim
- Laboratório de Investigação em Osteoartropatias, Department of Internal Medicine, Liga de Reumatologia e Doenças Autoimunes, Instituto de Biomedicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Federal University of Ceará, Rua Cel. Nunes de Melo, 1315, 1°. Andar, Rodolfo Teófilo, Fortaleza, CE, 60430-270, Brazil
| | - Leila Nascimento da Rocha
- Laboratório de Investigação em Osteoartropatias, Department of Internal Medicine, Liga de Reumatologia e Doenças Autoimunes, Instituto de Biomedicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Federal University of Ceará, Rua Cel. Nunes de Melo, 1315, 1°. Andar, Rodolfo Teófilo, Fortaleza, CE, 60430-270, Brazil
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80
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Segura Guerrero NA, Sharma S, Neyts J, Kaptein SJF. Favipiravir inhibits in vitro Usutu virus replication and delays disease progression in an infection model in mice. Antiviral Res 2018; 160:137-142. [PMID: 30385306 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2018.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Usutu virus (USUV) is an emerging flavivirus that causes Usutu disease mainly in birds, but infection of mammals such as rodents, bats and horses has also been demonstrated. In addition, human cases (both in immunocompromised and -competent individuals) were also reported. Large outbreaks with other flaviviruses, such as West Nile virus and Zika virus, indicate that one should be vigilant for yet other outbreaks. To allow the identification of inhibitors of USUV replication, we established in vitro antiviral assays, which were validated using a small selection of known flavivirus inhibitors, including the broad-spectrum viral RNA polymerase inhibitor favipiravir (T-705). Next, an USUV infection model in AG129 (IFN-α/β and IFN-γ receptor knockout) mice was established. AG129 mice proved highly susceptible to USUV; an inoculum as low as 102 PFU (1.3 × 105 TCID50) resulted in the development of symptoms as early as 3 days post infection with viral RNA being detectable in various tissues. Treatment of mice with favipiravir (150 mg/kg/dose, BID, oral gavage) significantly reduced viral load in blood and tissues and significantly delayed virus-induced disease. This USUV mouse model is thus amenable for assessing the potential in vivo efficacy of (novel) USUV/flavivirus inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidya A Segura Guerrero
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Leuven, Belgium; Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, Tunja, Colombia
| | - Sapna Sharma
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Johan Neyts
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Suzanne J F Kaptein
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Leuven, Belgium
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81
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Assay Challenges for Emerging Infectious Diseases: The Zika Experience. Vaccines (Basel) 2018; 6:vaccines6040070. [PMID: 30279372 PMCID: PMC6313918 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines6040070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
From the perspective of vaccine development, it is imperative to accurately diagnose target infections in order to exclude subjects with prior exposure from evaluations of vaccine effectiveness, to track incident infection during the course of a clinical trial and to differentiate immune reactions due to natural infections from responses that are vaccine related. When vaccine development is accelerated to a rapid pace in response to emerging infectious disease threats, the challenges to develop such diagnostic tools is even greater. This was observed through the recent expansion of Zika virus infections into the Western Hemisphere in 2014⁻2017. When initial Zika vaccine clinical trials were being designed and launched in response to the outbreak, there were no standardized sets of viral and immunological assays, and no approved diagnostic tests for Zika virus infection. The diagnosis of Zika virus infection is still an area of active research and development on many fronts. Here we review emerging infectious disease vaccine clinical assay development and trial execution with a special focus on the state of Zika virus clinical assays and diagnostics.
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82
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Rodriguez-Morales AJ, Cardona-Ospina JA, Ramirez-Jaramillo V, Gaviria JA, González-Moreno GM, Castrillón-Spitia JD, López-Villegas A, Morales-Jiménez E, Ramírez-Zapata V, Rueda-Merchán GE, Trujillo AM, Tabares-Villa FA, Henao-SanMartin V, Murillo-Garcia DR, Herrera-Soto JA, Buitrago-Cañas ML, Collins MH, Sepúlveda-Arias JC, Londoño JJ, Bedoya-Rendón HD, de Jesús Cárdenas-Pérez J, Olaya SX, Lagos-Grisales GJ. Diagnosis and outcomes of pregnant women with Zika virus infection in two municipalities of Risaralda, Colombia: Second report of the ZIKERNCOL study. Travel Med Infect Dis 2018; 25:20-25. [PMID: 29894797 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2018.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zika virus (ZIKV) infection has emerged as a significant threat for pregnant women and newborns in populations living in or visiting Latin America. We previously reported a preliminary analysis in Sucre, Colombia, as the first group of pregnant women with RT-PCR-confirmed ZIKV (ZIKa enEmbarazadas yReciénNacidos enCOLombia, ZIKERNCOL). METHODS In this second report, findings of the first 86 pregnant women from La Virginia and Dosquebradas (municipalities), Risaralda, Colombia, with RT-PCR-confirmed ZIKV infection are reported. Clinical, demographical and obstetrical findings are described. RESULTS All women reported ZIKV symptoms during pregnancy: 79.1% rash, 55.8% fever, among others. In addition to ZIKV, RT-PCR was positive for dengue in 18.6%; 45.3% Dengue IgM+; 5.8% RT-PCR positive for chikungunya; 3.6% Chikungunya IgM+. STORCH screening in mother: 11.6% IgG + anti-Toxoplasma gondii, 6% IgG + anti-rubella, 4.7% IgG + CMV. The rest of STORCH tests were negative. Microcephaly was observed in 2.4% of the newborns. No calcifications or other CNS alterations were detected. One newborn had cleft palate and one had bilateral renal ectopy. CONCLUSIONS The rate of microcephaly in our cohort was consistent with other studies. Pregnant women in endemic areas should be followed and tested according to standard protocols, and asymptomatic ZIKV infection should be considered. Long-term follow-up of children is required in the congenital Zika syndrome (CZS) assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso J Rodriguez-Morales
- Public Health and Infection Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia; Colombian Collaborative Network of Zika, Chikungunya and Other Arboviruses (RECOLZIKA), Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia; Infection and Immunity Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia; Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, UniFranz, Cochabamba, Bolivia.
| | - Jaime A Cardona-Ospina
- Public Health and Infection Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia; Colombian Collaborative Network of Zika, Chikungunya and Other Arboviruses (RECOLZIKA), Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia; Infection and Immunity Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia
| | - Valeria Ramirez-Jaramillo
- Public Health and Infection Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia
| | | | - Gloria María González-Moreno
- Colombian Collaborative Network of Zika, Chikungunya and Other Arboviruses (RECOLZIKA), Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia; ESE Hospital Santa Mónica, Dosquebradas, Risaralda, Colombia
| | - Juan D Castrillón-Spitia
- Public Health and Infection Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia; Colombian Collaborative Network of Zika, Chikungunya and Other Arboviruses (RECOLZIKA), Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia; Biomedicina, Fundación Universitaria Autónoma de Las Américas, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia; ESE Hospital San Pedro y San Pablo, La Virginia, Risaralda, Colombia
| | | | | | | | | | - Adriana M Trujillo
- Public Health and Infection Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia
| | - Fredy A Tabares-Villa
- Infection and Immunity Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia
| | - Valentina Henao-SanMartin
- Public Health and Infection Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia
| | - David R Murillo-Garcia
- Public Health and Infection Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia
| | | | | | | | - Juan Carlos Sepúlveda-Arias
- Colombian Collaborative Network of Zika, Chikungunya and Other Arboviruses (RECOLZIKA), Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia; Infection and Immunity Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia
| | - José J Londoño
- ESE Hospital San Pedro y San Pablo, La Virginia, Risaralda, Colombia
| | | | | | - Sandra X Olaya
- Public Health and Infection Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia; Colombian Collaborative Network of Zika, Chikungunya and Other Arboviruses (RECOLZIKA), Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia; Critical Care Obstetrics & Gynecology, ESE Hospital Universitario San Jorge, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia
| | - Guillermo J Lagos-Grisales
- Public Health and Infection Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia; Colombian Collaborative Network of Zika, Chikungunya and Other Arboviruses (RECOLZIKA), Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia
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