51
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Full-length NF-κB repressing factor contains an XRN2 binding domain. Biochem J 2020; 477:773-786. [PMID: 32011671 PMCID: PMC7054742 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20190733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
NF-κB repressing factor (NKRF) was recently identified as an RNA binding protein that together with its associated proteins, the 5′–3′ exonuclease XRN2 and the helicase DHX15, is required to process the precursor ribosomal RNA. XRN2 is a multi-functional ribonuclease that is also involved in processing mRNAs, tRNAs and lncRNAs. The activity and stability of XRN2 are controlled by its binding partners, PAXT-1, CDKN2AIP and CDKN2AIPNL. In each case, these proteins interact with XRN2 via an XRN2 binding domain (XTBD), the structure and mode of action of which is highly conserved. Rather surprisingly, although NKRF interacts directly with XRN2, it was not predicted to contain such a domain, and NKRF's interaction with XRN2 was therefore unexplained. We have identified an alternative upstream AUG start codon within the transcript that encodes NKRF and demonstrate that the full-length form of NKRF contains an XTBD that is conserved across species. Our data suggest that NKRF is tethered in the nucleolus by binding directly to rRNA and that the XTBD in the N-terminal extension of NKRF is essential for the retention of XRN2 in this sub-organelle. Thus, we propose NKRF regulates the early steps of pre-rRNA processing during ribosome biogenesis by controlling the spatial distribution of XRN2 and our data provide further support for the XTBD as an XRN2 interacting motif.
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52
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Chen M, Wen T, Horn HT, Chandrahas VK, Thapa N, Choi S, Cryns VL, Anderson RA. The nuclear phosphoinositide response to stress. Cell Cycle 2020; 19:268-289. [PMID: 31902273 PMCID: PMC7028212 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2019.1711316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence reveals that nuclear phosphoinositides (PIs) serve as central signaling hubs that control a multitude of nuclear processes by regulating the activity of nuclear proteins. In response to cellular stressors, PIs accumulate in the nucleus and multiple PI isomers are synthesized by the actions of PI-metabolizing enzymes, kinases, phosphatases and phospholipases. By directly interacting with effector proteins, phosphoinositide signals transduce changes in cellular functions. Here we describe nuclear phosphoinositide signaling in multiple sub-nuclear compartments and summarize the literature that demonstrates roles for specific kinases, phosphatases, and phospholipases in the orchestration of nuclear phosphoinositide signaling in response to cellular stress. Additionally, we discuss the specific PI-protein complexes through which these lipids execute their functions by regulating the configuration, stability, and transcription activity of their effector proteins. Overall, our review provides a detailed landscape of the current understanding of the nuclear PI-protein interactome and its role in shaping the coordinated response to cellular stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mo Chen
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Tianmu Wen
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Hudson T. Horn
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Narendra Thapa
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Suyong Choi
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Vincent L. Cryns
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Richard A. Anderson
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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53
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Opposing effects of NPM1wt and NPM1c mutants on AKT signaling in AML. Leukemia 2019; 34:1172-1176. [PMID: 31728055 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-019-0621-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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54
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Hu W, Liang YX, Luo JM, Gu XW, Chen ZC, Fu T, Zhu YY, Lin S, Diao HL, Jia B, Yang ZM. Nucleolar stress regulation of endometrial receptivity in mouse models and human cell lines. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:831. [PMID: 31685803 PMCID: PMC6828743 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-2071-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Embryo implantation is essential to the successful establishment of pregnancy. A previous study has demonstrated that actinomycin D (ActD) could initiate the activation of mouse delayed implantation. However, the mechanism underlying this activation remains to be elucidated. A low dose of ActD is an inducer of nucleolar stress. This study was to examine whether nucleolar stress is involved in embryo implantation. We showed that nucleolar stress occurred when delayed implantation was activated by ActD in mice. ActD treatment also stimulated the Lif-STAT3 pathway. During early pregnancy, nucleolar stress was detected in the luminal epithelial cells during the receptive phase. Blastocyst-derived lactate could induce nucleolar stress in cultured luminal epithelial cells. The inhibition of nucleophosmin1 (NPM1), which was a marker of nucleolar stress, compromised uterine receptivity and decreased the implantation rates in pregnant mice. To translate these mouse data into humans, we examined nucleolar stress in human endometrium. Our data demonstrated that ActD-induced nucleolar stress had positive effects on the embryo attachment by upregulating IL32 expression in non-receptive epithelial cells rather than receptive epithelial cells. Our data should be the first to demonstrate that nucleolar stress is present during early pregnancy and is able to induce embryo implantation in both mice and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, 510642, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Xiang Liang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, 510642, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory Animal Center, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Experimental Animal Science and Animal Model of Human Disease, Shanxi Medical University, 030001, Taiyuan, China.,Shanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defect and Cell Regeneration, Shanxi Medical University, 030001, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jia-Mei Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, 510642, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Gu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, 510642, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zi-Cong Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, 510642, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Fu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, 510642, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Yuan Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, 510642, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuai Lin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, 510642, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong-Lu Diao
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, 442000, Shiyan, China
| | - Bo Jia
- Jiangxi Provincial Institute of Occupational Medicine, 330006, Nanchang, China
| | - Zeng-Ming Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, 510642, Guangzhou, China.
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55
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Liu Q, Liu N, Shangguan Q, Zhang F, Chai W, Tong X, Zhao X, Li Z, Qi D, Ye X. LncRNA SAMD12-AS1 promotes cell proliferation and inhibits apoptosis by interacting with NPM1. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11593. [PMID: 31406141 PMCID: PMC6691116 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48116-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B virus infection is a major risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma. HBV infection affects lncRNA expression in infected cells, but the detailed mechanism and biological significance are not yet clear. In this study, we focused on exploring the function of the HBV-upregulated lncRNA SAMD12-AS1 in cell proliferation. We found that there is a higher level of SAMD12-AS1 expression in tumors than in adjacent nontumorous liver tissues. We showed that ectopic expression of SAMD12-AS1 promotes cell growth and blocks apoptosis, while knockdown of SAMD12-AS1 inhibits cell proliferation and enhances etoposide-induced apoptosis. Using RNA immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry, we determined that SAMD12-AS1 interacts with NPM1 and confirmed that SAMD12-AS1(1-350) is required for the interaction with NPM1. As it is known that NPM1 interacts with the E3 ligase HDM2 and reduces HDM2-mediated p53 degradation, we examined whether SAMD12-AS1 can affect p53 stability. Overexpression of SAMD12-AS1 caused a reduction in p53 protein levels by shortening its half-life. Conversely, knockdown of SAMD12-AS1 prolonged the half-life of p53. We further demonstrated that SAMD12-AS1 increased the interaction of HDM2 and p53 and enhanced p53 ubiquitination. Our findings reveal that HBV-upregulated SAMD12-AS1 regulates cell proliferation and apoptosis via the NPM1-HDM2-p53 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.,Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, 650504, Kunming, China
| | - Ningning Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Qilin Shangguan
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Fang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wenjia Chai
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaomei Tong
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- 302 Hospital of PLA, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Zhiwei Li
- 302 Hospital of PLA, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Dandan Qi
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Xin Ye
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100101, China. .,Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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56
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Iarovaia OV, Minina EP, Sheval EV, Onichtchouk D, Dokudovskaya S, Razin SV, Vassetzky YS. Nucleolus: A Central Hub for Nuclear Functions. Trends Cell Biol 2019; 29:647-659. [PMID: 31176528 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The nucleolus is the largest and most studied nuclear body, but its role in nuclear function is far from being comprehensively understood. Much work on the nucleolus has focused on its role in regulating RNA polymerase I (RNA Pol I) transcription and ribosome biogenesis; however, emerging evidence points to the nucleolus as an organizing hub for many nuclear functions, accomplished via the shuttling of proteins and nucleic acids between the nucleolus and nucleoplasm. Here, we discuss the cellular mechanisms affected by shuttling of nucleolar components, including the 3D organization of the genome, stress response, DNA repair and recombination, transcription regulation, telomere maintenance, and other essential cellular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga V Iarovaia
- Institute of Gene Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia; LIA 1066 LFR2O French-Russian Joint Cancer Research Laboratory, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Elizaveta P Minina
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Eugene V Sheval
- LIA 1066 LFR2O French-Russian Joint Cancer Research Laboratory, 94805 Villejuif, France; Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Daria Onichtchouk
- Developmental Biology Unit, Department of Biology I, University of Freiburg, Hauptstrasse 1, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Svetlana Dokudovskaya
- LIA 1066 LFR2O French-Russian Joint Cancer Research Laboratory, 94805 Villejuif, France; UMR8126, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS, Institut Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Sergey V Razin
- Institute of Gene Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia; LIA 1066 LFR2O French-Russian Joint Cancer Research Laboratory, 94805 Villejuif, France; Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yegor S Vassetzky
- LIA 1066 LFR2O French-Russian Joint Cancer Research Laboratory, 94805 Villejuif, France; Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia; UMR8126, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS, Institut Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France.
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57
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Latonen L. Phase-to-Phase With Nucleoli - Stress Responses, Protein Aggregation and Novel Roles of RNA. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:151. [PMID: 31080406 PMCID: PMC6497782 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein- and RNA-containing foci and aggregates are a hallmark of many age- and mutation-related neurodegenerative diseases. This article focuses on the role the nucleolus has as a hub in macromolecule regulation in the mammalian nucleus. The nucleolus has a well-established role in ribosome biogenesis and functions in several types of cellular stress responses. In addition to known reactions to DNA damaging and transcription inhibiting stresses, there is an emerging role of the nucleolus especially in responses to proteotoxic stress such as heat shock and inhibition of proteasome function. The nucleolus serves as an active regulatory site for detention of extranucleolar proteins. This takes place in nucleolar cavities and manifests in protein and RNA collections referred to as intranucleolar bodies (INBs), nucleolar aggresomes or amyloid bodies (A-bodies), depending on stress type, severity of accumulation, and material propensities of the macromolecular collections. These indicate a relevance of nucleolar function and regulation in neurodegeneration-related cellular events, but also provide surprising connections with cancer-related pathways. Yet, the molecular mechanisms governing these processes remain largely undefined. In this article, the nucleolus as the site of protein and RNA accumulation and as a possible protective organelle for nuclear proteins during stress is viewed. In addition, recent evidence of liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) and liquid-solid phase transition in the formation of nucleoli and its stress responses, respectively, are discussed, along with the increasingly indicated role and open questions for noncoding RNA species in these events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leena Latonen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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58
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Turi Z, Lacey M, Mistrik M, Moudry P. Impaired ribosome biogenesis: mechanisms and relevance to cancer and aging. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:2512-2540. [PMID: 31026227 PMCID: PMC6520011 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The biosynthesis of ribosomes is a complex process that requires the coordinated action of many factors and a huge energy investment from the cell. Ribosomes are essential for protein production, and thus for cellular survival, growth and proliferation. Ribosome biogenesis is initiated in the nucleolus and includes: the synthesis and processing of ribosomal RNAs, assembly of ribosomal proteins, transport to the cytoplasm and association of ribosomal subunits. The disruption of ribosome biogenesis at various steps, with either increased or decreased expression of different ribosomal components, can promote cell cycle arrest, senescence or apoptosis. Additionally, interference with ribosomal biogenesis is often associated with cancer, aging and age-related degenerative diseases. Here, we review current knowledge on impaired ribosome biogenesis, discuss the main factors involved in stress responses under such circumstances and focus on examples with clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsofia Turi
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Matthew Lacey
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Mistrik
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Moudry
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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59
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Brodská B, Šašinková M, Kuželová K. Nucleophosmin in leukemia: Consequences of anchor loss. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2019; 111:52-62. [PMID: 31009764 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2019.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Nucleophosmin (NPM), one of the most abundant nucleolar proteins, has crucial functions in ribosome biogenesis, cell cycle control, and DNA-damage repair. In human cells, NPM occurs mainly in oligomers. It functions as a chaperone, undergoes numerous interactions and forms part of many protein complexes. Although NPM role in carcinogenesis is not fully elucidated, a variety of tumor suppressor as well as oncogenic activities were described. NPM is overexpressed, fused with other proteins, or mutated in various tumor types. In the acute myeloid leukemia (AML), characteristic mutations in NPM1 gene, leading to modification of NPM C-terminus, are the most frequent genetic aberration. Although multiple mutation types of NPM are found in AML, they are all characterized by aberrant cytoplasmic localization of the mutated protein. In this review, current knowledge of the structure and function of NPM is presented in relation to its interaction network, in particular to the interaction with other nucleolar proteins and with proteins active in apoptosis. Possible molecular mechanisms of NPM mutation-driven leukemogenesis and NPM therapeutic targeting are discussed. Finally, recent findings concerning the immunogenicity of the mutated NPM and specific immunological features of AML patients with NPM mutation are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Brodská
- Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, U Nemocnice 1, 128 20 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Markéta Šašinková
- Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, U Nemocnice 1, 128 20 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Kuželová
- Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, U Nemocnice 1, 128 20 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
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60
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Yun T, Ko HR, Ahn J, Jin EJ, Jo JM, Kwon IS, Cho SW, Chang YS, Park WS, Ahn JY. B23/Nucleophosmin promotes reconstitution of synaptic path in hippocampus after injury. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 508:1082-1087. [PMID: 30553452 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
B23, also known as nucleophosmin (NPM), is multifunctional protein directly implicated in cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, and cell survival. In the current study, in addition to confirming its anti-apoptotic function in neuronal survival, we demonstrated that the spatial-temporal expression profile of B23 during development of hippocampal neurons is high in the embryonic stage, down-regulated after birth, and preferentially localized at the tips of growing neuritis and branching points. Overexpression of B23 promotes axon growth with abundant branching points in growing hippocampal neurons, but depletion of B23 impairs axon growth, leading to neuronal death. Following injury to the trisynaptic path in hippocampal slice, overexpression of B23 remarkably increased the number and length of regenerative fibers in the mossy fiber path. Our study suggests that B23 expression in developing neurons is essential for neuritogenesis and axon growth and that up-regulation of B23 may be a strategy for enhancing the reconstitution of synaptic paths after injury to hippocampal synapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taegwan Yun
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16419, South Korea; Single Cell Network Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16419, South Korea
| | - Hyo Rim Ko
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16419, South Korea; Single Cell Network Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16419, South Korea
| | - Jaeyoung Ahn
- Department of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16419, South Korea
| | - Eun-Ju Jin
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16419, South Korea; Single Cell Network Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16419, South Korea
| | - Jung Min Jo
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16419, South Korea
| | - Il-Sun Kwon
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16419, South Korea
| | - Sung-Woo Cho
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ulsan, College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, South Korea
| | - Yun Sil Chang
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, and Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, South Korea; Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, 06351, South Korea
| | - Won Soon Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, and Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, South Korea; Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, 06351, South Korea.
| | - Jee-Yin Ahn
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16419, South Korea; Single Cell Network Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16419, South Korea; Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, 06351, South Korea.
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61
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Gurova KV. Chromatin Stability as a Target for Cancer Treatment. Bioessays 2019; 41:e1800141. [PMID: 30566250 PMCID: PMC6522245 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201800141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In this essay, I propose that DNA-binding anti-cancer drugs work more via chromatin disruption than DNA damage. Success of long-awaited drugs targeting cancer-specific drivers is limited by the heterogeneity of tumors. Therefore, chemotherapy acting via universal targets (e.g., DNA) is still the mainstream treatment for cancer. Nevertheless, the problem with targeting DNA is insufficient efficacy due to high toxicity. I propose that this problem stems from the presumption that DNA damage is critical for the anti-cancer activity of these drugs. DNA in cells exists as chromatin, and many DNA-targeting drugs alter chromatin structure by destabilizing nucleosomes and inducing histone eviction from chromatin. This effect has been largely ignored because DNA damage is seen as the major reason for anti-cancer activity. I discuss how DNA-binding molecules destabilize chromatin, why this effect is more toxic to tumoral than normal cells, and why cells die as a result of chromatin destabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina V Gurova
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY, 14263. Tel 1-716-845-4760,
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62
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Halim VA, García-Santisteban I, Warmerdam DO, van den Broek B, Heck AJR, Mohammed S, Medema RH. Doxorubicin-induced DNA Damage Causes Extensive Ubiquitination of Ribosomal Proteins Associated with a Decrease in Protein Translation. Mol Cell Proteomics 2018; 17:2297-2308. [PMID: 29438997 PMCID: PMC6283304 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra118.000652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein posttranslational modifications (PTMs) play a central role in the DNA damage response. In particular, protein phosphorylation and ubiquitination have been shown to be essential in the signaling cascade that coordinates break repair with cell cycle progression. Here, we performed whole-cell quantitative proteomics to identify global changes in protein ubiquitination that are induced by DNA double-strand breaks. In total, we quantified more than 9,400 ubiquitin sites and found that the relative abundance of ∼10% of these sites was altered in response to DNA double-strand breaks. Interestingly, a large proportion of ribosomal proteins, including those from the 40S as well as the 60S subunit, were ubiquitinated in response to DNA damage. In parallel, we discovered that DNA damage leads to the inhibition of ribosome function. Taken together, these data uncover the ribosome as a major target of the DNA damage response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincentius A Halim
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Group, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands; Netherlands Proteomics Centre, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands; Division of Cell Biology and Cancer Genomics Center, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Iraia García-Santisteban
- Division of Cell Biology and Cancer Genomics Center, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Daniel O Warmerdam
- Division of Cell Biology and Cancer Genomics Center, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands; European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bram van den Broek
- Division of Cell Biology and Cancer Genomics Center, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Albert J R Heck
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Group, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands; Netherlands Proteomics Centre, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Shabaz Mohammed
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Group, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands; Netherlands Proteomics Centre, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, OX13TA Oxford, United Kingdom; Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, OX13TA Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - René H Medema
- Division of Cell Biology and Cancer Genomics Center, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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63
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Wiesmann N, Gieringer R, Grus F, Brieger J. Phosphoproteome Profiling Reveals Multifunctional Protein NPM1 as part of the Irradiation Response of Tumor Cells. Transl Oncol 2018; 12:308-319. [PMID: 30453269 PMCID: PMC6240713 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2018.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
To fight resistances to radiotherapy, the understanding of escape mechanisms of tumor cells is crucial. The aim of this study was to identify phosphoproteins that are regulated upon irradiation. The comparative analysis of the phosphoproteome before and after irradiation brought nucleophosmin (NPM1) into focus as a versatile phosphoprotein that has already been associated with tumorigenesis. We could show that knockdown of NPM1 significantly reduces tumor cell survival after irradiation. NPM1 is dephosphorylated stepwise within 1 hour after irradiation at two of its major phosphorylation sites: threonine-199 and threonine-234/237. This dephosphorylation is not the result of a fast cell cycle arrest, and we found a heterogenous intracellular distribution of NPM1 between the nucleoli, the nucleoplasm, and the cytoplasm after irradiation. We hypothesize that the dephosphorylation of NPM1 at threonine-199 and threonine-234/237 is part of the immediate response to irradiation and of importance for tumor cell survival. These findings could make NPM1 an attractive pharmaceutical target to radiosensitize tumor cells and improve the outcome of radiotherapy by inhibiting the pathways that help tumor cells to escape cell death after gamma irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Wiesmann
- Molecular Tumor Biology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Rita Gieringer
- Molecular Tumor Biology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Franz Grus
- Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Juergen Brieger
- Molecular Tumor Biology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
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64
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Lu L, Yi H, Chen C, Yan S, Yao H, He G, Li G, Jiang Y, Deng T, Deng X. Nucleolar stress: is there a reverse version? J Cancer 2018; 9:3723-3727. [PMID: 30405843 PMCID: PMC6216007 DOI: 10.7150/jca.27660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The nucleolus is a dynamic structure that has roles in various physiological and pathophysiological processes. Perturbations on many aspects of the nucleolar functions are thought to cause “nucleolar stress”, which occurs in response to a variety of chemotherapeutic drugs. The main characteristic changes of nucleolar stress include: 1) reduction of the size and volume of the nucleolus; 2) inhibition of RNA Pol I-mediated rRNA synthesis; and 3) nucleoplasmic translocation of nucleolar stress-related proteins. In studying the apoptosis-inducing effect of the natural compound lovastatin (LV) on breast cancer stem cells, we unexpectedly uncovered a novel form of nucleolar stress, which we call “reverse nucleolar stress”. In our system, the canonical nucleolus stress inducer doxorubicin caused nucleoplasmic translocation of the nucleolar protein NPM and complete abolishment of Nolc1, an NPM-interacting protein and an activator of rRNA transcription. In contrast, the reverse nucleolar stress induced by LV is manifested as a more localized perinucleolar distribution of NPM and an increase in the protein level of Nolc1. Furthermore, translocation of the ribosomal protein RPL3 from the cytoplasm to the nucleolus and increased AgNOR staining were observed. These changes characterize a novel pattern of nucleolar stress doubtlessly distinguishable from the canonical one. The functional consequences of reverse nucleolar stress are not clear at present but may presumably be related to cell death or even normalization of the stressed cell. The discovery of reverse nucleolar stress opens up a new area of research in molecular and cellular biology and might have important implications in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Lu
- Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China.,Departments of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Huimei Yi
- Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China.,Departments of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China.,Departments of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Shichao Yan
- Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China.,Departments of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Hui Yao
- Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China.,Departments of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Guangchun He
- Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China.,Departments of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Guifei Li
- Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Yiqun Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Tuo Deng
- Diabetes Research Center and Center for Bioenergetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College at Cornell University, New York, New York 10021, USA
| | - Xiyun Deng
- Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China.,Departments of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
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65
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Senapati P, Dey S, Sudarshan D, Das S, Kumar M, Kaypee S, Mohiyuddin A, Kodaganur GS, Kundu TK. Oncogene c-fos and mutant R175H p53 regulate expression of Nucleophosmin implicating cancer manifestation. FEBS J 2018; 285:3503-3524. [PMID: 30085406 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Nucleophosmin (NPM1) is a nucleolar protein that is frequently overexpressed in various types of solid tumors. NPM1 is involved in several cellular processes that might contribute significantly to the increased proliferation potential of cancers. Previous reports suggest that NPM1 expression is highly increased in response to mitogenic and oncogenic signals, the mechanisms of which have not been elucidated extensively. Using constructs incorporating different fragments of the NPM1 promoter upstream to a Luciferase reporter gene, we have identified the minimal promoter of NPM1 and candidate transcription factors regulating NPM1 promoter activity by luciferase reporter assays. We have validated the roles of a few candidate factors at the transcriptional and protein level by quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR, immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry, and explored the mechanism of regulation of NPM1 expression using immunoprecipitation and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. We show here that the expression of NPM1 is regulated by transcription factor c-fos, a protein that is strongly activated by growth factor signals. In addition, mutant p53 (R175H) overexpression also enhances NPM1 expression possibly through c-myc and c-fos. Moreover, both c-fos and mutant p53 are overexpressed in oral tumor tissues that showed NPM1 overexpression. Collectively, our results suggest that c-fos and mutant p53 R175H positively regulate NPM1 expression, possibly in synergism, that might lead to oncogenic manifestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parijat Senapati
- Transcription and Disease Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Bangalore, India
| | - Suchismita Dey
- Transcription and Disease Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Bangalore, India
| | - Deepthi Sudarshan
- Transcription and Disease Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Bangalore, India
| | - Sadhan Das
- Transcription and Disease Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Bangalore, India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Transcription and Disease Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Bangalore, India
| | - Stephanie Kaypee
- Transcription and Disease Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Bangalore, India
| | - Azeem Mohiyuddin
- Sri Devaraj Urs Academy of Higher Education and Research (SDUAHER), Kolar, India
| | - Gopinath S Kodaganur
- Sri Devaraj Urs Academy of Higher Education and Research (SDUAHER), Kolar, India.,Bangalore Institute of Oncology (BIO), Bangalore, India
| | - Tapas K Kundu
- Transcription and Disease Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Bangalore, India
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66
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Mai W, Liu H, Chen H, Zhou Y, Chen Y. RGNNV-induced cell cycle arrest at G1/S phase enhanced viral replication via p53-dependent pathway in GS cells. Virus Res 2018; 256:142-152. [PMID: 29940189 PMCID: PMC7114848 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2018.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Infection of RGNNV redistributed NPM1, stabilized p53 and inhibited cell proliferation by inducing G1 arrest. Infection of RGNNV activated p53-dependent pathway, resulting in G1/S phase cell cycle arrest in host cells and directly impacting viral replication. NPM1 knockdown could abrogate RGNNV-induced cell proliferation inhibition and cell cycle arrest. Our results revealed that RGNNV infection could perturb the progression of cell cycle via the NPM1-p53 pathway and facilitate virus gene replication.
Nervous necrosis virus (NNV) is a ubiquitous pathogen in the aquaculture worldwide. Little is known about the relationship between NNV virus and host cells. Our studies showed that RGNNV infection could induce cell cycle arrest via activation of p53 signaling in cultured host cells. Infection of RGNNV redistributed NPM1, stabilized p53 and inhibited cell proliferation by inducing G1 arrest. RGNNV infection also led to phosphorylation and accumulation of p53 in a time-dependent manner. Furthermore, RGNNV infection upregulated cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1 A (p21) and downregulated cyclin E and cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2). The expression of genes in the p53 pathway did not change significantly after p53 knockdown by pifithrin-α during RGNNV infection. However, NPM1 knockdown could abrogate RGNNV-induced cell proliferation inhibition, activation of p53 signaling and cell cycle arrest. In addition, RGNNV infection of the cells synchronized in various stages of cell cycle showed that viral genomic RNA and virus titer were higher in the cells released from G1 phase- or S phase-synchronized cells than that in the cells released from the G2 phase-synchronized or asynchronous cells after 18 h p.i. Therefore, our study reveals that RGNNV infection induces the p53-dependent pathway, resulting in a cell cycle arrest at G1 phase in host cells, which might provide a favorable condition for viral replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijun Mai
- The Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
| | - Hongxiao Liu
- The Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Huiqing Chen
- The Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Yajing Zhou
- The Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Yan Chen
- The Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
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67
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Tan Y, Zheng J, Liu X, Lu M, Zhang C, Xing B, Du X. Loss of nucleolar localization of NAT10 promotes cell migration and invasion in hepatocellular carcinoma. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 499:1032-1038. [PMID: 29634924 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
NAT10, a nucleolar acetyltransferase, participates in a variety of cellular processes including ribosome biogenesis and DNA damage response. Immunohistochemistry staining showed that cytoplasmic and membranous NAT10 is related to the clinical pathologic characteristics in human cancer tissues. However, the mechanism about how NAT10 translocates from the nucleolus to cytoplasm and membrane is unclear. Here, we obtain a NAT10 deletion mutant localizing in cytoplasm and membrane. Bioinformatics analysis showed that residues 68-75 and 989-1018 are two potential nuclear localization signals (NLS) of NAT10. GFP-NAT10 deletion mutant (Δ989-1018) predominantly translocates into cytoplasm with faint signal retained in the nucleolus, while GFP-NAT10(Δ68-75) still remains in the nucleolus and nucleoplasm, indicating residues 989-1018 is the main nucleolar localization signal (NuLS). GFP-NAT10-D3, with both fragments (residues 68-75 and 989-1018) deleted, completely excludes from the nucleolus and translocates to cytoplasm and membrane. Therefore, complete NuLSs of NAT10 should include residues 68-75 and 989-1018. The cytoplasmic and membranous NAT10 mutant (Flag-NAT10-D3) colocalizes with α-tubulin in cytoplasm and with integrin on cell membrane. Importantly, Flag-NAT10-D3 promotes α-tubulin acetylation and stabilizes microtubules. Consequently, Flag-NAT10-D3 promotes migration and invasion in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. Statistical analysis of immunohistochemistry staining of NAT10 in HCC tissues demonstrates that the cytoplasmic NAT10 is correlated with poorer prognosis compared with nuclear NAT10, while the membranous NAT10 predicts the poorest clinical outcome of the patients. We thus provide the evidence for the function of cytoplasmic and membranous NAT10 in the metastasis and prognosis of HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqin Tan
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jiaojiao Zheng
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xiaofeng Liu
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery Department I, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, Peking University School of Oncology, Beijing Cancer Hospital and Institute, No. 52, Fu-Cheng Road, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Min Lu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Chunfeng Zhang
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Baocai Xing
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery Department I, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, Peking University School of Oncology, Beijing Cancer Hospital and Institute, No. 52, Fu-Cheng Road, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Xiaojuan Du
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China.
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68
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Abstract
The nucleolus is a prominent subnuclear compartment, where ribosome biosynthesis takes place. Recently, the nucleolus has gained attention for its novel role in the regulation of cellular stress. Nucleolar stress is emerging as a new concept, which is characterized by diverse cellular insult-induced abnormalities in nucleolar structure and function, ultimately leading to activation of p53 or other stress signaling pathways and alterations in cell behavior. Despite a number of comprehensive reviews on this concept, straightforward and clear-cut way criteria for a nucleolar stress state, regarding the factors that elicit this state, the morphological and functional alterations as well as the rationale for p53 activation are still missing. Based on literature of the past two decades, we herein summarize the evolution of the concept and provide hallmarks of nucleolar stress. Along with updated information and thorough discussion of existing confusions in the field, we pay particular attention to the current understanding of the sensing mechanisms, i.e., how stress is integrated by p53. In addition, we propose our own emphasis regarding the role of nucleolar protein NPM1 in the hallmarks of nucleolar stress and sensing mechanisms. Finally, the links of nucleolar stress to human diseases are briefly and selectively introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases with Integrated Chinese-Western Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jing Yi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
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Lindström MS, Jurada D, Bursac S, Orsolic I, Bartek J, Volarevic S. Nucleolus as an emerging hub in maintenance of genome stability and cancer pathogenesis. Oncogene 2018; 37:2351-2366. [PMID: 29429989 PMCID: PMC5931986 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-017-0121-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The nucleolus is the major site for synthesis of ribosomes, complex molecular machines that are responsible for protein synthesis. A wealth of research over the past 20 years has clearly indicated that both quantitative and qualitative alterations in ribosome biogenesis can drive the malignant phenotype via dysregulation of protein synthesis. However, numerous recent proteomic, genomic, and functional studies have implicated the nucleolus in the regulation of processes that are unrelated to ribosome biogenesis, including DNA-damage response, maintenance of genome stability and its spatial organization, epigenetic regulation, cell-cycle control, stress responses, senescence, global gene expression, as well as assembly or maturation of various ribonucleoprotein particles. In this review, the focus will be on features of rDNA genes, which make them highly vulnerable to DNA damage and intra- and interchromosomal recombination as well as built-in mechanisms that prevent and repair rDNA damage, and how dysregulation of this interplay affects genome-wide DNA stability, gene expression and the balance between euchromatin and heterochromatin. We will also present the most recent insights into how malfunction of these cellular processes may be a central driving force of human malignancies, and propose a promising new therapeutic approach for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikael S Lindström
- Division of Genome Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Deana Jurada
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biotechnology, School of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Sladana Bursac
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biotechnology, School of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Ines Orsolic
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biotechnology, School of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Jiri Bartek
- Division of Genome Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- The Danish Cancer Society Research Centre, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Sinisa Volarevic
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biotechnology, School of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia.
- Scientific Center of Excellence for Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia.
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Kunchala P, Kuravi S, Jensen R, McGuirk J, Balusu R. When the good go bad: Mutant NPM1 in acute myeloid leukemia. Blood Rev 2018; 32:167-183. [DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Molecules that target nucleophosmin for cancer treatment: an update. Oncotarget 2018; 7:44821-44840. [PMID: 27058426 PMCID: PMC5190137 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleophosmin is a highly and ubiquitously expressed protein, mainly localized in nucleoli but able to shuttle between nucleus and cytoplasm. Nucleophosmin plays crucial roles in ribosome maturation and export, centrosome duplication, cell cycle progression, histone assembly and response to a variety of stress stimuli. Much interest in this protein has arisen in the past ten years, since the discovery of heterozygous mutations in the terminal exon of the NPM1 gene, which are the most frequent genetic alteration in acute myeloid leukemia. Nucleophosmin is also frequently overexpressed in solid tumours and, in many cases, its overexpression correlates with mitotic index and metastatization. Therefore it is considered as a promising target for the treatment of both haematologic and solid malignancies. NPM1 targeting molecules may suppress different functions of the protein, interfere with its subcellular localization, with its oligomerization properties or drive its degradation. In the recent years, several such molecules have been described and here we review what is currently known about them, their interaction with nucleophosmin and the mechanistic basis of their toxicity. Collectively, these molecules exemplify a number of different strategies that can be adopted to target nucleophosmin and we summarize them at the end of the review.
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Monteiro LF, Ferruzo PYM, Russo LC, Farias JO, Forti FL. DUSP3/VHR: A Druggable Dual Phosphatase for Human Diseases. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 176:1-35. [PMID: 30069819 DOI: 10.1007/112_2018_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Protein tyrosine kinases (PTK), discovered in the 1970s, have been considered master regulators of biological processes with high clinical significance as targets for human diseases. Their actions are countered by protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTP), enzymes yet underrepresented as drug targets because of the high homology of their catalytic domains and high charge of their catalytic pocket. This scenario is still worse for some PTP subclasses, for example, for the atypical dual-specificity phosphatases (ADUSPs), whose biological functions are not even completely known. In this sense, the present work focuses on the dual-specificity phosphatase 3 (DUSP3), also known as VH1-related phosphatase (VHR), an uncommon regulator of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation. DUSP3 expression and activities are suggestive of a tumor suppressor or tumor-promoting enzyme in different types of human cancers. Furthermore, DUSP3 has other biological functions involving immune response mediation, thrombosis, hemostasis, angiogenesis, and genomic stability that occur through either MAPK-dependent or MAPK-independent mechanisms. This broad spectrum of actions is likely due to the large substrate diversity and molecular mechanisms that are still under scrutiny. The growing advances in characterizing new DUSP3 substrates will allow the development of pharmacological inhibitors relevant for possible future clinical trials. This review covers all aspects of DUSP3, since its gene cloning and crystallographic structure resolution, in addition to its classical and novel substrates and the biological processes involved, followed by an update of what is currently known about the DUSP3/VHR-inhibiting compounds that might be considered potential drugs to treat human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Falcão Monteiro
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Lilian Cristina Russo
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Jessica Oliveira Farias
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fábio Luís Forti
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Chakraborty A, Uechi T, Nakajima Y, Gazda HT, O'Donohue MF, Gleizes PE, Kenmochi N. Cross talk between TP53 and c-Myc in the pathophysiology of Diamond-Blackfan anemia: Evidence from RPL11-deficient in vivo and in vitro models. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 495:1839-1845. [PMID: 29225165 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in genes encoding ribosomal proteins have been identified in Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA), a rare genetic disorder that presents with a prominent erythroid phenotype. TP53 has been implicated in the pathophysiology of DBA with ribosomal protein (RP) L11 playing a crucial role in the TP53 response. Interestingly, RPL11 also controls the transcriptional activity of c-Myc, an oncoprotein that positively regulates ribosome biogenesis. In the present study, we analyzed the consequences of rpl11 depletion on erythropoiesis and ribosome biogenesis in zebrafish. As expected, Rpl11-deficient zebrafish exhibited defects in ribosome biogenesis and an anemia phenotype. However, co-inhibition of Tp53 did not alleviate the erythroid aplasia in these fish. Next, we explored the role of c-Myc in RPL11-deficient cellular and animal models. c-Myc and its target nucleolar proteins showed upregulation and increased localization in the head region of Rpl11-deficient zebrafish, where the morphological abnormalities and tp53 expression were more pronounced. Interestingly, in blood cells derived from DBA patients with mutations in RPL11, the biogenesis of ribosomes was defective, but the expression level of c-Myc and its target nucleolar proteins was unchanged. The results suggest a model whereby RPL11 deficiency activates the synthesis of c-Myc target nucleolar proteins, which subsequently triggers a p53 response. These results further demonstrate that the induction of Tp53 mediates the morphological, but not erythroid, defects associated with RPL11 deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Chakraborty
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Cancer, NU Centre for Science Education & Research, Nitte University, Mangalore 18, India.
| | - Tamayo Uechi
- Frontier Science Research Center, University of Miyazaki, Kiyotake, Miyazaki, Japan.
| | - Yukari Nakajima
- Frontier Science Research Center, University of Miyazaki, Kiyotake, Miyazaki, Japan.
| | - Hanna T Gazda
- Division of Genetics and Program in Genomics, The Manton Center for Orphan Diseases Research, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Marie-Françoise O'Donohue
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire Eucaryote, Université de Toulouse, UPS, F-31000 Toulouse, France; CNRS, UMR 5099, F-31000 Toulouse, France.
| | - Pierre-Emmanuel Gleizes
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire Eucaryote, Université de Toulouse, UPS, F-31000 Toulouse, France; CNRS, UMR 5099, F-31000 Toulouse, France.
| | - Naoya Kenmochi
- Frontier Science Research Center, University of Miyazaki, Kiyotake, Miyazaki, Japan.
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Zajac M, Dolnik A, Stasiak G, Zaleska J, Kielbus M, Czapinski J, Schunn M, Correa SC, Glodkowska-Mrowka E, Sundaram RC, Jankowska-Lecka O, Schlenk RF, Döhner H, Döhner K, Stepulak A, Bullinger L, Giannopoulos K. Analysis of NPM1 splice variants reveals differential expression patterns of prognostic value in acute myeloid leukemia. Oncotarget 2017; 8:95163-95175. [PMID: 29221119 PMCID: PMC5707013 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations of the nucleophosmin-1 (NPM1) gene in cytogenetically normal (CN) acute myeloid leukemia (AML) identify a group of patients with more favorable prognosis. NPM1 encodes three main alternatively spliced isoforms R1(B23.1), R2(B23.2), and R3(B23.3). The expression of splice variants R1, R2 and R3 were higher in AML patients compared to normal cells of healthy volunteers (HVs), although RNA-seq analysis revealed enhanced R2 expression also in less differentiated cells of HVs as well as in AML cells. The variant R2, which lacks exons 11 and 12 coding for the nucleolar localization domain, might behave similar to the mutant form of NPM1 (NPM1mut). In accordance, in CN-AML high R2 expression was associated with favorable impact on outcome. Moreover, functional studies showed nucleolar localization of the eGFP-NPM1 wildtype and cytoplasmic localization of the eGFP-NPM1 mut protein. While the eGFP-NPM1 R2 splice variant localized predominantly in the nucleoplasm, we also could detect cytoplasmic expression for the R2 variant. These results support a unique biological consequence of R2 overexpression and in part explain our clinical observation, where that high R2 variant expression was associated with a better prognosis in CN-AML patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Zajac
- Department of Experimental Hematooncology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Dolnik
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Grazyna Stasiak
- Department of Experimental Hematooncology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Joanna Zaleska
- Department of Experimental Hematooncology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Michal Kielbus
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Jakub Czapinski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland.,Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Matthias Schunn
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Stephany C Correa
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.,Stem-Cell Laboratory, Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, National Cancer Institute (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eliza Glodkowska-Mrowka
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.,Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Laboratory Diagnostics and Clinical Immunology of Developmental Age, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Olga Jankowska-Lecka
- Department of Hematooncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Richard F Schlenk
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Hartmut Döhner
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Konstanze Döhner
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Andrzej Stepulak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Lars Bullinger
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Krzysztof Giannopoulos
- Department of Experimental Hematooncology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland.,Department of Hematology, St. John's Cancer Center, Lublin, Poland
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76
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Lewinska A, Bednarz D, Adamczyk-Grochala J, Wnuk M. Phytochemical-induced nucleolar stress results in the inhibition of breast cancer cell proliferation. Redox Biol 2017; 12:469-482. [PMID: 28334682 PMCID: PMC5362140 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 02/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The nucleolus is a stress sensor and compromised nucleolar activity may be considered as an attractive anticancer strategy. In the present study, the effects of three plant-derived natural compounds, i.e., sulforaphane (SFN), ursolic acid (UA) and betulinic acid (BA) on nucleolar state were investigated in breast cancer cell lines of different receptor status, namely MCF-7, MDA-MB-231 and SK-BR-3 cells. Cytostatic action of phytochemicals against breast cancer cells was observed at low micromolar concentration window (5-20µM) and mediated by elevated p21 levels, and cell proliferation of SFN-, UA- and BA-treated normal human mammary epithelial cells (HMEC) was unaffected. Phytochemical-mediated inhibition of cell proliferation was accompanied by increased levels of superoxide and protein carbonylation that lead to disorganization of A- and B-type lamin networks and alterations in the nuclear architecture. Phytochemicals promoted nucleolar stress as judged by the nucleoplasmic translocation of RNA polymerase I-specific transcription initiation factor RRN3/TIF-IA, inhibition of new rRNA synthesis and decrease in number of nucleoli. Phytochemicals also decreased the levels of NOP2, proliferation-associated nucleolar protein p120, and WDR12 required for maturation of 28S and 5.8S ribosomal RNAs and formation of the 60S ribosome, and phosphorylation of S6 ribosomal protein that may result in diminished translation and inhibition of cell proliferation. In summary, three novel ribotoxic stress stimuli were revealed with a potential to be used in nucleolus-focused anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lewinska
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, University of Rzeszow, Werynia 502, 36-100 Kolbuszowa, Poland.
| | - Diana Bednarz
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, University of Rzeszow, Werynia 502, 36-100 Kolbuszowa, Poland
| | | | - Maciej Wnuk
- Department of Genetics, University of Rzeszow, Werynia 502, 36-100 Kolbuszowa, Poland
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77
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De Clara E, Gourvest M, Ma H, Vergez F, Tosolini M, Dejean S, Demur C, Delabesse E, Recher C, Touriol C, Martelli MP, Falini B, Brousset P, Bousquet M. Long non-coding RNA expression profile in cytogenetically normal acute myeloid leukemia identifies a distinct signature and a new biomarker in NPM1-mutated patients. Haematologica 2017; 102:1718-1726. [PMID: 28679652 PMCID: PMC5622856 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2017.171645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs are defined as transcripts larger than 200 nucleotides but without protein-coding potential. There is growing evidence of the important role of long non-coding RNAs in cancer initiation, development and progression. In this study, we sought to evaluate the long non-coding RNA expression profile of patients with cytogenetically normal acute myeloid leukemia (AML). RNA-sequencing of 40 cytogenetically normal AML patients allowed us to quantify 11,036 long non-coding RNAs. Among these, more than 8000 were previously undescribed long non-coding RNAs. Using unsupervised analysis, we observed a specific long non-coding RNA expression profile dependent on the mutational status of the NPM1 gene. Statistical analysis allowed us to identify a minimal set of 12 long non-coding RNAs capable of discriminating NPM1-mutated from NPM1-wild-type patients. These results were validated by qRT-PCR on an independent cohort composed of 134 cytogenetically normal AML patients. Furthermore, we have identified one putative biomarker, the long non-coding RNA XLOC_109948 whose expression pattern predicts clinical outcome. Interestingly, low XLOC_109948 expression indicates a good prognosis especially for NPM1-mutated patients. Transient transfection of GapmeR against XLOC_109948 in NPM1-mutated OCI-AML3 cell line treated with Ara-C or ATRA enhances apoptosis suggesting XLOC_109948 plays a role in drug sensitivity. This study improves our knowledge of the long non-coding RNA transcriptome in cytogenetically normal AML patients. We observed a distinct long non-coding RNA expression profile in patients with the NPM1 mutation. The newly identified XLOC_109948 long non-coding RNA emerged as a strong prognostic factor able to better stratify NPM1-mutated patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne De Clara
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), UMR1037 Inserm/Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, ERL5294 CNRS, Laboratoire d'Excellence Toulouse Cancer (TOUCAN), France
| | - Morgane Gourvest
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), UMR1037 Inserm/Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, ERL5294 CNRS, Laboratoire d'Excellence Toulouse Cancer (TOUCAN), France
| | | | - François Vergez
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), UMR1037 Inserm/Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, ERL5294 CNRS, Laboratoire d'Excellence Toulouse Cancer (TOUCAN), France.,Laboratoire et Service d'Hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer, France
| | - Marie Tosolini
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), UMR1037 Inserm/Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, ERL5294 CNRS, Laboratoire d'Excellence Toulouse Cancer (TOUCAN), France
| | - Sébastien Dejean
- Institut de Mathématiques de Toulouse, UMR 5219 Université de Toulouse/CNRS Université Paul Sabatier, France
| | - Cécile Demur
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), UMR1037 Inserm/Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, ERL5294 CNRS, Laboratoire d'Excellence Toulouse Cancer (TOUCAN), France.,Laboratoire et Service d'Hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer, France
| | - Eric Delabesse
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), UMR1037 Inserm/Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, ERL5294 CNRS, Laboratoire d'Excellence Toulouse Cancer (TOUCAN), France.,Laboratoire et Service d'Hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer, France
| | - Christian Recher
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), UMR1037 Inserm/Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, ERL5294 CNRS, Laboratoire d'Excellence Toulouse Cancer (TOUCAN), France.,Laboratoire et Service d'Hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer, France
| | - Christian Touriol
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), UMR1037 Inserm/Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, ERL5294 CNRS, Laboratoire d'Excellence Toulouse Cancer (TOUCAN), France
| | - Maria Paola Martelli
- Institute of Hematology, University of Perugia, Ospedale S. Maria della Misericordia, Italy
| | - Brunangelo Falini
- Institute of Hematology, University of Perugia, Ospedale S. Maria della Misericordia, Italy
| | - Pierre Brousset
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), UMR1037 Inserm/Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, ERL5294 CNRS, Laboratoire d'Excellence Toulouse Cancer (TOUCAN), France.,Department of Pathology, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopole and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, France
| | - Marina Bousquet
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), UMR1037 Inserm/Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, ERL5294 CNRS, Laboratoire d'Excellence Toulouse Cancer (TOUCAN), France
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78
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Bis-anthracycline WP760 abrogates melanoma cell growth by transcription inhibition, p53 activation and IGF1R downregulation. Invest New Drugs 2017; 35:545-555. [PMID: 28417283 PMCID: PMC5613070 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-017-0465-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Anthracycline chemotherapeutics, e.g. doxorubicin and daunorubicin, are active against a broad spectrum of cancers. Their cytotoxicity is mainly attributed to DNA intercalation, interference with topoisomerase activity, and induction of double-stranded DNA breaks. Since modification of anthracyclines can profoundly affect their pharmacological properties we attempted to elucidate the mechanism of action, and identify possible molecular targets, of bis-anthracycline WP760 which previously demonstrated anti-melanoma activity at low nanomolar concentrations. We studied the effect of WP760 on several human melanoma cell lines derived from tumors in various development stages and having different genetic backgrounds. WP760 inhibited cell proliferation (IC50 = 1-99 nM), impaired clonogenic cell survival (100 nM), and inhibited spheroid growth (≥300 nM). WP760 did not induce double-stranded DNA breaks but strongly inhibited global transcription. Moreover, WP760 caused nucleolar stress and led to activation of the p53 pathway. PCR array analysis showed that WP760 suppressed transcription of ten genes (ABCC1, MTOR, IGF1R, EGFR, GRB2, PRKCA, PRKCE, HDAC4, TXNRD1, AKT1) associated with, inter alia, cytoprotective mechanisms initiated in cancer cells during chemotherapy. Furthermore, WP760 downregulated IGF1R and upregulated PLK2 expression in most of the tested melanoma cell lines. These results suggest that WP760 exerts anti-melanoma activity by targeting global transcription and activation of the p53 pathway and could become suitable as an effective therapeutic agent.
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79
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Sun Z, Yue L, Shen Z, Li Y, Sui A, Li T, Tang Q, Yao R, Sun Y. Downregulation of NPM expression by Her-2 reduces resistance of gastric cancer to oxaliplatin. Oncol Lett 2017; 13:2377-2384. [PMID: 28454407 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.5722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleophosmin (NPM) and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (Her-2) are abnormally expressed in various types of human malignant tumors, including gastric cancer, and have been closely associated with cancer chemoresistance. However, their interaction and roles in oxaliplatin resistance are not fully understood. Therefore, the present study aimed to elucidate the relationship between NPM and Her-2 in gastric cancer cell lines and clinical samples, and further investigated their role in the resistance of gastric cancer to oxaliplatin. Western blotting and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction confirmed that NPM and Her-2 expression were significantly upregulated in gastric cancer cells and clinical samples, and that their expression levels were strongly correlated. However, Her-2 expression was not affected by upregulation or downregulation of NPM expression in gastric cancer cells. Cell counting kit-8 assays demonstrated that the cell sensitivity to oxaliplatin decreased simultaneously with an increase in NPM expression. Furthermore, inhibition of Her-2 expression using trastuzumab significantly increased the sensitivity of the cells to oxaliplatin, which occurred simultaneously with the downregulation of NPM. These results indicated that inhibition of NPM, as a Her-2 downstream signal, may be a novel strategy to overcome oxaliplatin-resistant gastric cancer, and that trastuzumab and oxaliplatin may exhibit a synergistic antitumor effect in Her-2-positive gastric cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenni Sun
- Department of Oncology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Lu Yue
- Department of Oncology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Zan Shen
- Department of Oncology, The Sixth People's Hospital, Medical College of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Oncology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Aihua Sui
- Center for Medical Research, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Tianjun Li
- Center for Medical Research, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Qian Tang
- Center for Medical Research, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Ruyong Yao
- Center for Medical Research, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Yongning Sun
- Department of Oncology, The Sixth People's Hospital, Medical College of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
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80
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Heath EM, Chan SM, Minden MD, Murphy T, Shlush LI, Schimmer AD. Biological and clinical consequences of NPM1 mutations in AML. Leukemia 2017; 31:798-807. [PMID: 28111462 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2017.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is characterized by accumulation of myeloid cells in the bone marrow because of impaired differentiation and proliferation, resulting in hematopoietic insufficiency. NPM1 is one of the most commonly mutated genes in AML, present in 20-30% of cases. Mutations in NPM1 represent a distinct entity in the World Health Organization (WHO) classification and commonly indicate a better risk prognosis. In this review, we discuss the many functions of NPM1, the consequence of mutations in NPM1 and possible mechanisms through which mutations lead to leukemogenesis. We also discuss clinical consequences of mutations, associated gene expression patterns and the role of NPM1 mutations in informing prognosis and therapeutic decisions and predicting relapse in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Heath
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - S M Chan
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - M D Minden
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - T Murphy
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - L I Shlush
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - A D Schimmer
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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81
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Ribosomal Proteins Control or Bypass p53 during Nucleolar Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18010140. [PMID: 28085118 PMCID: PMC5297773 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18010140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The nucleolus is the site of ribosome biogenesis, a complex process that requires the coordinate activity of all three RNA polymerases and hundreds of non-ribosomal factors that participate in the maturation of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and assembly of small and large subunits. Nevertheless, emerging studies have highlighted the fundamental role of the nucleolus in sensing a variety of cellular stress stimuli that target ribosome biogenesis. This condition is known as nucleolar stress and triggers several response pathways to maintain cell homeostasis, either p53-dependent or p53-independent. The mouse double minute (MDM2)-p53 stress signaling pathways are activated by multiple signals and are among the most important regulators of cellular homeostasis. In this review, we will focus on the role of ribosomal proteins in p53-dependent and p53-independent response to nucleolar stress considering novel identified regulators of these pathways. We describe, in particular, the role of ribosomal protein uL3 (rpL3) in p53-independent nucleolar stress signaling pathways.
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82
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Ren Z, Aerts JL, Vandenplas H, Wang JA, Gorbenko O, Chen JP, Giron P, Heirman C, Goyvaerts C, Zacksenhaus E, Minden MD, Stambolic V, Breckpot K, De Grève J. Phosphorylated STAT5 regulates p53 expression via BRCA1/BARD1-NPM1 and MDM2. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2560. [PMID: 28005077 PMCID: PMC5260985 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) and nucleophosmin (NPM1) are critical regulators of multiple biological and pathological processes. Although a reciprocal regulatory relationship was established between STAT5A and a NPM–ALK fusion protein in T-cell lymphoma, no direct connection between STAT5 and wild-type NPM1 has been documented. Here we demonstrate a mutually regulatory relationship between STAT5 and NPM1. Induction of STAT5 phosphorylation at Y694 (P-STAT5) diminished NPM1 expression, whereas inhibition of STAT5 phosphorylation enhanced NPM1 expression. Conversely, NPM1 not only negatively regulated STAT5 phosphorylation but also preserved unphosphorylated STAT5 level. Mechanistically, we show that NPM1 downregulation by P-STAT5 is mediated by impairing the BRCA1-BARD1 ubiquitin ligase, which controls the stability of NPM1. In turn, decreased NPM1 levels led to suppression of p53 expression, resulting in enhanced cell survival. This study reveals a new STAT5 signaling pathway regulating p53 expression via NPM1 and uncovers new therapeutic targets for anticancer treatment in tumors driven by STAT5 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Ren
- Laboratory of Medical and Molecular Oncology (LMMO), Department of Medical Oncology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of General Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Medical Oncology, Oncologisch Centrum of the Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Joeri L Aerts
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Physiology and Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hugo Vandenplas
- Laboratory of Medical and Molecular Oncology (LMMO), Department of Medical Oncology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Medical Oncology, Oncologisch Centrum of the Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jiance A Wang
- Department of Medicine and Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Olena Gorbenko
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jack P Chen
- Department of Medicine and Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Philippe Giron
- Laboratory of Medical and Molecular Oncology (LMMO), Department of Medical Oncology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Medical Oncology, Oncologisch Centrum of the Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Carlo Heirman
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Physiology and Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Cleo Goyvaerts
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Physiology and Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Eldad Zacksenhaus
- Department of Medicine and Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mark D Minden
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine and Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Vuk Stambolic
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine and Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Karine Breckpot
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Physiology and Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jacques De Grève
- Laboratory of Medical and Molecular Oncology (LMMO), Department of Medical Oncology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Medical Oncology, Oncologisch Centrum of the Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
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83
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Carrà G, Crivellaro S, Taulli R, Guerrasio A, Saglio G, Morotti A. Mechanisms of p53 Functional De-Regulation: Role of the IκB-α/p53 Complex. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17121997. [PMID: 27916821 PMCID: PMC5187797 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17121997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
TP53 is one of the most frequently-mutated and deleted tumor suppressors in cancer, with a dramatic correlation with dismal prognoses. In addition to genetic inactivation, the p53 protein can be functionally inactivated in cancer, through post-transductional modifications, changes in cellular compartmentalization, and interactions with other proteins. Here, we review the mechanisms of p53 functional inactivation, with a particular emphasis on the interaction between p53 and IκB-α, the NFKBIA gene product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Carrà
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Turin, Italy.
| | - Sabrina Crivellaro
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Turin, Italy.
| | - Riccardo Taulli
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Turin, Italy.
| | - Angelo Guerrasio
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Turin, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Saglio
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Turin, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Morotti
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Turin, Italy.
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84
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Yang K, Wang M, Zhao Y, Sun X, Yang Y, Li X, Zhou A, Chu H, Zhou H, Xu J, Wu M, Yang J, Yi J. A redox mechanism underlying nucleolar stress sensing by nucleophosmin. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13599. [PMID: 27886181 PMCID: PMC5133708 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The nucleolus has been recently described as a stress sensor. The nucleoplasmic translocation of nucleolar protein nucleophosmin (NPM1) is a hallmark of nucleolar stress; however, the causes of this translocation and its connection to p53 activation are unclear. Using single live-cell imaging and the redox biosensors, we demonstrate that nucleolar oxidation is a general response to various cellular stresses. During nucleolar oxidation, NPM1 undergoes S-glutathionylation on cysteine 275, which triggers the dissociation of NPM1 from nucleolar nucleic acids. The C275S mutant NPM1, unable to be glutathionylated, remains in the nucleolus under nucleolar stress. Compared with wild-type NPM1 that can disrupt the p53–HDM2 interaction, the C275S mutant greatly compromises the activation of p53, highlighting that nucleoplasmic translocation of NPM1 is a prerequisite for stress-induced activation of p53. This study elucidates a redox mechanism for the nucleolar stress sensing and may help the development of therapeutic strategies. Nucleoplasmic translocation of NPM1 is integral to nucleolar stress sensing. Here, the authors show that nucleolar oxidation is a general cellular stress response, and that oxidation-related glutathionylation of NPM1 triggers its translocation and facilitates p53 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Ming Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yuzheng Zhao
- Synthetic Biology and Biotechnology Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xuxu Sun
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Synthetic Biology and Biotechnology Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xie Li
- Synthetic Biology and Biotechnology Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Aiwu Zhou
- Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Huilin Chu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Hu Zhou
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Zhang Jiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jianrong Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Mian Wu
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Jing Yi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China
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85
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Musinova YR, Lisitsyna OM, Sorokin DV, Arifulin EA, Smirnova TA, Zinovkin RA, Potashnikova DM, Vassetzky YS, Sheval EV. RNA-dependent disassembly of nuclear bodies. J Cell Sci 2016; 129:4509-4520. [PMID: 27875271 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.189142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear bodies are membraneless organelles that play important roles in genome functioning. A specific type of nuclear bodies known as interphase prenucleolar bodies (iPNBs) are formed in the nucleoplasm after hypotonic stress from partially disassembled nucleoli. iPNBs are then disassembled, and the nucleoli are reformed simultaneously. Here, we show that diffusion of B23 molecules (also known as nucleophosmin, NPM1) from iPNBs, but not fusion of iPNBs with the nucleoli, contributes to the transfer of B23 from iPNBs to the nucleoli. Maturation of pre-ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) and the subsequent outflow of mature rRNAs from iPNBs led to the disassembly of iPNBs. We found that B23 transfer was dependent on the synthesis of pre-rRNA molecules in nucleoli; these pre-rRNA molecules interacted with B23 and led to its accumulation within nucleoli. The transfer of B23 between iPNBs and nucleoli was accomplished through a nucleoplasmic pool of B23, and increased nucleoplasmic B23 content retarded disassembly, whereas B23 depletion accelerated disassembly. Our results suggest that iPNB disassembly and nucleolus assembly might be coupled through RNA-dependent exchange of nucleolar proteins, creating a highly dynamic system with long-distance correlations between spatially distinct processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yana R Musinova
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia.,LIA1066 French-Russian Joint Cancer Research Laboratory, Villejuif 94805, France
| | - Olga M Lisitsyna
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia
| | - Dmitry V Sorokin
- Centre for Biomedical Image Analysis, Faculty of Informatics, Masaryk University, Botanická 68a, Brno 602 00, Czech Republic.,Laboratory of Mathematical Methods of Image Processing, Faculty of Computational Mathematics and Cybernetics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia
| | - Eugene A Arifulin
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia
| | - Tatiana A Smirnova
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia
| | - Roman A Zinovkin
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia
| | - Daria M Potashnikova
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia
| | - Yegor S Vassetzky
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia.,LIA1066 French-Russian Joint Cancer Research Laboratory, Villejuif 94805, France.,UMR8126, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS, Institut de cancérologie Gustave Roussy, Villejuif 94805, France
| | - Eugene V Sheval
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia .,LIA1066 French-Russian Joint Cancer Research Laboratory, Villejuif 94805, France
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86
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Regulation of the MDM2-p53 pathway by the nucleolar protein CSIG in response to nucleolar stress. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36171. [PMID: 27811966 PMCID: PMC5095888 DOI: 10.1038/srep36171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleolar proteins play an important role in the regulation of the MDM2-p53 pathway, which coordinates cellular response to stress. However, the mechanism underlying this regulation remains poorly understood. Here, we report that the nucleolar protein CSIG is a novel and crucial regulator of the MDM2-p53 pathway. We demonstrate that CSIG translocates from the nucleolus to the nucleoplasm in response to nucleolar stress. Moreover, knockdown of CSIG attenuates the induction of p53 and abrogates G1 phase arrest in response to nucleolar stress. CSIG interacts directly with the MDM2 RING finger domain and inhibits MDM2 E3 ubiquitin ligase activity, thus resulting in a decrease in MDM2-mediated p53 ubiquitination and degradation. Our results suggest that the CSIG-MDM2-p53 regulatory pathway plays an important role in the cellular response to nucleolar stress.
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87
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Lin J, Hisaoka M, Nagata K, Okuwaki M. Functional characterization and efficient detection of Nucleophosmin/NPM1 oligomers. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 480:702-708. [PMID: 27983985 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.10.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
NPM1/nucleophosmin is a multifunctional and oligomeric phosphoprotein. A number of observations have suggested that changes in the oligomer formation of NPM1 could influence its biological functions, especially its oncogenic functions. To understand the functional meaning of oligomerization of NPM1/nucleophosmin, we have established a novel method to monitor protein oligomerization in cells. We utilized the split synthetic Renilla luciferase protein fragment-assisted complementation (SRL-PFAC) bioluminescence activity and observed the change of NPM1 oligomer levels under various cell culture conditions. Our study provides a method for systematic characterization of NPM1 oligomer formation changes and for screening inhibitors of NPM1 oligomerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhuang Lin
- PhD Program in Human Biology, School of Integrative and Global Majors, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1, Tennodai, Tsukuba, 305-8575, Japan; Department of Infection Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1, Tennodai, Tsukuba, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Miharu Hisaoka
- Department of Infection Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1, Tennodai, Tsukuba, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Kyosuke Nagata
- Department of Infection Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1, Tennodai, Tsukuba, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Okuwaki
- PhD Program in Human Biology, School of Integrative and Global Majors, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1, Tennodai, Tsukuba, 305-8575, Japan; Department of Infection Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1, Tennodai, Tsukuba, 305-8575, Japan.
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88
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Mishra P, Dixit U, Pandey AK, Upadhyay A, Pandey VN. Modulation of HCV replication and translation by ErbB3 binding protein1 isoforms. Virology 2016; 500:35-49. [PMID: 27770702 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2016.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We recently identified a cell-factor, ErbB3 binding protein 1 (Ebp-1), which specifically interacts with the viral RNA genome and modulates HCV replication and translation. Ebp1 has two isoforms, p48, and p42, that result from differential splicing. We found that both isoforms interact with HCV proteins NS5A and NS5B, as well as cell-factor PKR. The p48 isoform, which localizes in the cytoplasm and nuclei, promoted HCV replication, whereas the shorter p42 isoform, which resides exclusively in the cytoplasm, strongly inhibited HCV replication. Transient expression of individual isoforms in Ebp1-knockdown MH14 cells confirmed that the p48 isoform promotes HCV replication, while the p42 isoform inhibits it. We found that Ebp1-p42 significantly enhanced autophosphorylation of PKR, while Ebp1-p48 isoform strongly inhibited it. We propose that modulation of autophosphorylation of PKR by p48 isoform is an important mechanism whereby the HCV virus escapes innate antiviral immune responses by circumventing p42-mediated inhibition of its replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Mishra
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Updesh Dixit
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Ashutosh K Pandey
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Alok Upadhyay
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Virendra N Pandey
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, USA.
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89
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Li P, Ying J, Chang Q, Zhu W, Yang G, Xu T, Yi H, Pan R, Zhang E, Zeng X, Yan C, Bao Q, Li S. Effects of phycoerythrin from Gracilaria lemaneiformis in proliferation and apoptosis of SW480 cells. Oncol Rep 2016; 36:3536-3544. [PMID: 27748904 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.5162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied phycoerythrin (PE) in human SW480 tumor cells and the underlying molecular mechanisms of action. PE inhibited cell proliferation as evidenced by CCK-8 assay. The IC50 values of phycoerythrin were 48.2 and 27.4 µg/ml for 24 and 48 h of exposure, respectively. PE induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in SW480 cells as observed under electron microscopy and with flow cytometry. Apoptosis increased from 5.1 (controls) to 39.0% in 80.0 µg/ml PE-treated cells. Differences in protein expression were identified using proteomic techniques. Protein spots (1018±60 and 1010±60) were resolved in PE-treated and untreated group. Forty differential protein spots were analyzed with MALDI-TOF-MS, including GRP78 and NPM1. The expression as measured by qPCR and western blotting agreed with data from two-dimensional electrophoresis. GRP78, NPM1, MTHSP75, Ezrin and Annexin A2 were decreased and HSP60 was increased after PE treatment, indicating that PE may target multiple proteins to induce apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peizhen Li
- School of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710000, P.R. China
| | - Jun Ying
- School of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710000, P.R. China
| | - Qingli Chang
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science/Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
| | - Wen Zhu
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science/Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
| | - Guangjian Yang
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science/Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
| | - Teng Xu
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science/Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
| | - Huiguang Yi
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science/Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
| | - Ruowang Pan
- 118 Hospital of PLA, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Enyong Zhang
- 118 Hospital of PLA, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Zeng
- School of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710000, P.R. China
| | - Chunxia Yan
- School of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710000, P.R. China
| | - Qiyu Bao
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science/Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
| | - Shengbin Li
- School of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710000, P.R. China
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90
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Scott DD, Oeffinger M. Nucleolin and nucleophosmin: nucleolar proteins with multiple functions in DNA repair. Biochem Cell Biol 2016; 94:419-432. [PMID: 27673355 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2016-0068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The nucleolus represents a highly multifunctional intranuclear organelle in which, in addition to the canonical ribosome assembly, numerous processes such as transcription, DNA repair and replication, the cell cycle, and apoptosis are coordinated. The nucleolus is further a key hub in the sensing of cellular stress and undergoes major structural and compositional changes in response to cellular perturbations. Numerous nucleolar proteins have been identified that, upon sensing nucleolar stress, deploy additional, non-ribosomal roles in the regulation of varied cell processes including cell cycle arrest, arrest of DNA replication, induction of DNA repair, and apoptosis, among others. The highly abundant proteins nucleophosmin (NPM1) and nucleolin (NCL) are two such factors that transit to the nucleoplasm in response to stress, and participate directly in the repair of numerous different DNA damages. This review discusses the contributions made by NCL and (or) NPM1 to the different DNA repair pathways employed by mammalian cells to repair DNA insults, and examines the implications of such activities for the regulation, pathogenesis, and therapeutic targeting of NPM1 and NCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel D Scott
- a Laboratory of RNP Biochemistry, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
- b Division of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 2A3, Canada
| | - Marlene Oeffinger
- a Laboratory of RNP Biochemistry, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
- b Division of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 2A3, Canada
- c Département de biochimie et médecine moléculaire, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
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91
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Selenoprotein H is an essential regulator of redox homeostasis that cooperates with p53 in development and tumorigenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:E5562-71. [PMID: 27588899 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1600204113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Selenium, an essential micronutrient known for its cancer prevention properties, is incorporated into a class of selenocysteine-containing proteins (selenoproteins). Selenoprotein H (SepH) is a recently identified nucleolar oxidoreductase whose function is not well understood. Here we report that seph is an essential gene regulating organ development in zebrafish. Metabolite profiling by targeted LC-MS/MS demonstrated that SepH deficiency impairs redox balance by reducing the levels of ascorbate and methionine, while increasing methionine sulfoxide. Transcriptome analysis revealed that SepH deficiency induces an inflammatory response and activates the p53 pathway. Consequently, loss of seph renders larvae susceptible to oxidative stress and DNA damage. Finally, we demonstrate that seph interacts with p53 deficiency in adulthood to accelerate gastrointestinal tumor development. Overall, our findings establish that seph regulates redox homeostasis and suppresses DNA damage. We hypothesize that SepH deficiency may contribute to the increased cancer risk observed in cohorts with low selenium levels.
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92
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Al-Eisawi Z, Beale P, Chan C, Yu JQ, Proschogo N, Molloy M, Huq F. Changes in the in vitro activity of platinum drugs when administered in two aliquots. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:688. [PMID: 27566066 PMCID: PMC5002105 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2731-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The management of ovarian cancer remains a challenge. Because of the lack of early symptoms, it is often diagnosed at a late stage when it is likely to have metastasized beyond ovaries. Currently, platinum based chemotherapy is the primary treatment for the disease. However acquired drug resistance remains an on-going problem. As cisplatin brings about apoptosis by intrinsic and extrinsic pathways, this study aimed to determine changes in activity of platinum drugs when administered in two aliquots as against a bolus and sought to determine association with changes in GSH, speciation of platinum drugs and changes in protein expression. METHODS The efficacy of administering cisplatin, carboplatin and oxaliplatin in two aliquots with a time gap was investigated in ovarian A2780, A2780(cisR), A2780(ZD0473R) and SKOV-3 cell lines. The cellular accumulation of platinum, level of platinum - DNA binding and cellular glutathione level were determined, and proteomic studies were carried out to identify key proteins associated with platinum resistance in ovarian A2780(cisR) cancer cell line. RESULTS Much greater cell kill was observed with solutions left standing at room temperature than with freshly prepared solutions, indicating that the increase in activity on ageing was related to speciation of the drug in solution. Proteomic studies identified 72 proteins that were differentially expressed in A2780 and A2780(cisR) cell lines; 22 of them were restored back to normal levels as a result of synergistic treatments, indicating their relevance in enhanced drug action. CONCLUSIONS The proteins identified are relevant to several different cellular functions including invasion and metastasis, cell cycle regulation and proliferation, metabolic and biosynthesis processes, stress-related proteins and molecular chaperones, mRNA processing, cellular organization/cytoskeleton, cellular communication and signal transduction. This highlights the multifactorial nature of platinum resistance in which many different proteins with diverse functions play key roles. This means multiple strategies can be harnessed to overcome platinum resistance in ovarian cancer. The results of the studies can be significant both from fundamental and clinical view points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaynab Al-Eisawi
- Discipline of Biomedical Science, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2141 Australia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Science, Hashemite University, Zarqa, Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan
| | - Philip Beale
- Sydney Cancer Centre, Concord Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2139 Australia
| | - Charles Chan
- Department of Pathology, Concord Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2139 Australia
| | - Jun Qing Yu
- Discipline of Biomedical Science, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2141 Australia
| | - Nicholas Proschogo
- Mass Spectrometry Unit, School of Chemistry, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Mark Molloy
- Australian Proteome Analysis Facility, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109 Australia
| | - Fazlul Huq
- Discipline of Biomedical Science, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2141 Australia
- Discipline of Biomedical Science, School of Medical Sciences, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Cumberland Campus C42, 75 East Street, Lidcombe, NSW 1825 Australia
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93
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Box JK, Paquet N, Adams MN, Boucher D, Bolderson E, O'Byrne KJ, Richard DJ. Nucleophosmin: from structure and function to disease development. BMC Mol Biol 2016; 17:19. [PMID: 27553022 PMCID: PMC4995807 DOI: 10.1186/s12867-016-0073-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleophosmin (NPM1) is a critical cellular protein that has been implicated in a number of pathways including mRNA transport, chromatin remodeling, apoptosis and genome stability. NPM1 function is a critical requirement for normal cellular biology as is underlined in cancer where NPM1 is commonly overexpressed, mutated, rearranged and sporadically deleted. Consistent with a multifunctional role within the cell, NPM1 can function not only as a proto-oncogene but also as a tumor suppressor. The aim of this review is to look at the less well-described role of NPM1 in the DNA repair pathways as well as the role of NPM1 in the regulation of apoptosis and its mutation in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph K Box
- School of Biomedical Research, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation at the Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Nicolas Paquet
- School of Biomedical Research, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation at the Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
| | - Mark N Adams
- School of Biomedical Research, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation at the Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Didier Boucher
- School of Biomedical Research, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation at the Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Emma Bolderson
- School of Biomedical Research, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation at the Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Kenneth J O'Byrne
- School of Biomedical Research, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation at the Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Derek J Richard
- School of Biomedical Research, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation at the Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
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94
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Stępiński D. Nucleolus-derived mediators in oncogenic stress response and activation of p53-dependent pathways. Histochem Cell Biol 2016; 146:119-39. [PMID: 27142852 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-016-1443-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Rapid growth and division of cells, including tumor ones, is correlated with intensive protein biosynthesis. The output of nucleoli, organelles where translational machineries are formed, depends on a rate of particular stages of ribosome production and on accessibility of elements crucial for their effective functioning, including substrates, enzymes as well as energy resources. Different factors that induce cellular stress also often lead to nucleolar dysfunction which results in ribosome biogenesis impairment. Such nucleolar disorders, called nucleolar or ribosomal stress, usually affect cellular functioning which in fact is a result of p53-dependent pathway activation, elicited as a response to stress. These pathways direct cells to new destinations such as cell cycle arrest, damage repair, differentiation, autophagy, programmed cell death or aging. In the case of impaired nucleolar functioning, nucleolar and ribosomal proteins mediate activation of the p53 pathways. They are also triggered as a response to oncogenic factor overexpression to protect tissues and organs against extensive proliferation of abnormal cells. Intentional impairment of any step of ribosome biosynthesis which would direct the cells to these destinations could be a strategy used in anticancer therapy. This review presents current knowledge on a nucleolus, mainly in relation to cancer biology, which is an important and extremely sensitive element of the mechanism participating in cellular stress reaction mediating activation of the p53 pathways in order to counteract stress effects, especially cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz Stępiński
- Department of Cytophysiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236, Łódź, Poland.
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95
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Liu Y, Deisenroth C, Zhang Y. RP-MDM2-p53 Pathway: Linking Ribosomal Biogenesis and Tumor Surveillance. Trends Cancer 2016; 2:191-204. [PMID: 28741571 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Ribosomal biogenesis is tightly associated with cellular activities, such as growth, proliferation, and cell cycle progression. Perturbations in ribosomal biogenesis can initiate so-called nucleolar stress. The process through which ribosomal proteins (RPs) transduce nucleolar stress signals via MDM2 to p53 has been described as a crucial tumor-suppression mechanism. In this review we focus on recent progress pertaining to the function and mechanism of RPs in association with the MDM2-p53 tumor-suppression network, and the potential implications this surveillance network has for cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Chad Deisenroth
- The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, Institute for Chemical Safety Sciences, 6 Davis Drive, PO Box 12137, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Yanping Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China.
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96
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Lee S, Cho YE, Kim YJ, Park JH. c-Jun N-terminal kinase regulates the nucleoplasmic translocation and stability of nucleolar GLTSCR2 protein. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 472:95-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.02.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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97
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Liu X, Tan Y, Zhang C, Zhang Y, Zhang L, Ren P, Deng H, Luo J, Ke Y, Du X. NAT10 regulates p53 activation through acetylating p53 at K120 and ubiquitinating Mdm2. EMBO Rep 2016; 17:349-66. [PMID: 26882543 PMCID: PMC4772976 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201540505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
As a genome guardian, p53 maintains genome stability by arresting cells for damage repair or inducing cell apoptosis to eliminate the damaged cells in stress response. Several nucleolar proteins stabilize p53 by interfering Mdm2–p53 interaction upon cellular stress, while other mechanisms by which nucleolar proteins activate p53 remain to be determined. Here, we identify NAT10 as a novel regulator for p53 activation. NAT10 acetylates p53 at K120 and stabilizes p53 by counteracting Mdm2 action. In addition, NAT10 promotes Mdm2 degradation with its intrinsic E3 ligase activity. After DNA damage, NAT10 translocates to nucleoplasm and activates p53‐mediated cell cycle control and apoptosis. Finally, NAT10 inhibits cell proliferation and expression of NAT10 decreases in human colorectal carcinomas. Thus, our data demonstrate that NAT10 plays a critical role in p53 activation via acetylating p53 and counteracting Mdm2 action, providing a novel pathway by which nucleolar protein activates p53 as a cellular stress sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yuqin Tan
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Chunfeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China Laboratory of Genetics, Peking University School of Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Liangliang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Pengwei Ren
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Hongkui Deng
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jianyuan Luo
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China Department of Medical & Research Technology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yang Ke
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China Laboratory of Genetics, Peking University School of Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojuan Du
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
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98
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The relationship between the nucleolus and cancer: Current evidence and emerging paradigms. Semin Cancer Biol 2015; 37-38:36-50. [PMID: 26721423 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2015.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The nucleolus is the most prominent nuclear substructure assigned to produce ribosomes; molecular machines that are responsible for carrying out protein synthesis. To meet the increased demand for proteins during cell growth and proliferation the cell must increase protein synthetic capacity by upregulating ribosome biogenesis. While larger nucleolar size and number have been recognized as hallmark features of many tumor types, recent evidence has suggested that, in addition to overproduction of ribosomes, decreased ribosome biogenesis as well as qualitative changes in this process could also contribute to tumor initiation and cancer progression. Furthermore, the nucleolus has become the focus of intense attention for its involvement in processes that are clearly unrelated to ribosome biogenesis such as sensing and responding to endogenous and exogenous stressors, maintenance of genome stability, regulation of cell-cycle progression, cellular senescence, telomere function, chromatin structure, establishment of nuclear architecture, global regulation of gene expression and biogenesis of multiple ribonucleoprotein particles. The fact that dysregulation of many of these fundamental cellular processes may contribute to the malignant phenotype suggests that normal functioning of the nucleolus safeguards against the development of cancer and indicates its potential as a therapeutic approach. Here we review the recent advances made toward understanding these newly-recognized nucleolar functions and their roles in normal and cancer cells, and discuss possible future research directions.
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Garcia-Esparcia P, Hernández-Ortega K, Koneti A, Gil L, Delgado-Morales R, Castaño E, Carmona M, Ferrer I. Altered machinery of protein synthesis is region- and stage-dependent and is associated with α-synuclein oligomers in Parkinson's disease. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2015; 3:76. [PMID: 26621506 PMCID: PMC4666041 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-015-0257-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by the accumulation of abnormal α-synuclein in selected regions of the brain following a gradient of severity with disease progression. Whether this is accompanied by globally altered protein synthesis is poorly documented. The present study was carried out in PD stages 1-6 of Braak and middle-aged (MA) individuals without alterations in brain in the substantia nigra, frontal cortex area 8, angular gyrus, precuneus and putamen. RESULTS Reduced mRNA expression of nucleolar proteins nucleolin (NCL), nucleophosmin (NPM1), nucleoplasmin 3 (NPM3) and upstream binding transcription factor (UBF), decreased NPM1 but not NPM3 nucleolar protein immunostaining in remaining neurons; diminished 18S rRNA, 28S rRNA; reduced expression of several mRNAs encoding ribosomal protein (RP) subunits; and altered protein levels of initiation factor eIF3 and elongation factor eEF2 of protein synthesis was found in the substantia nigra in PD along with disease progression. Although many of these changes can be related to neuron loss in the substantia nigra, selective alteration of certain factors indicates variable degree of vulnerability of mRNAs, rRNAs and proteins in degenerating sustantia nigra. NPM1 mRNA and 18S rRNA was increased in the frontal cortex area 8 at stage 5-6; modifications were less marked and region-dependent in the angular gyrus and precuneus. Several RPs were abnormally regulated in the frontal cortex area 8 and precuneus, but only one RP in the angular gyrus, in PD. Altered levels of eIF3 and eIF1, and decrease eEF1A and eEF2 protein levels were observed in the frontal cortex in PD. No modifications were found in the putamen at any time of the study except transient modifications in 28S rRNA and only one RP mRNA at stages 5-6. These observations further indicate marked region-dependent and stage-dependent alterations in the cerebral cortex in PD. Altered solubility and α-synuclein oligomer formation, assessed in total homogenate fractions blotted with anti-α-synuclein oligomer-specific antibody, was demonstrated in the substantia nigra and frontal cortex, but not in the putamen, in PD. Dramatic increase in α-synuclein oligomers was also seen in fluorescent-activated cell sorter (FACS)-isolated nuclei in the frontal cortex in PD. CONCLUSIONS Altered machinery of protein synthesis is altered in the substantia nigra and cerebral cortex in PD being the frontal cortex area 8 more affected than the angular gyrus and precuneus; in contrast, pathways of protein synthesis are apparently preserved in the putamen. This is associated with the presence of α-synuclein oligomeric species in total homogenates; substantia nigra and frontal cortex are enriched, albeit with different band patterns, in α-synuclein oligomeric species, whereas α-synuclein oligomers are not detected in the putamen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Garcia-Esparcia
- Institute of Neuropathology, Bellvitge University Hospital, University of Barcelona, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Hospitalet de Llobregat; Biomedical Research Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Karina Hernández-Ortega
- Institute of Neuropathology, Bellvitge University Hospital, University of Barcelona, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Hospitalet de Llobregat; Biomedical Research Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anusha Koneti
- Institute of Neuropathology, Bellvitge University Hospital, University of Barcelona, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Hospitalet de Llobregat; Biomedical Research Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Gil
- Department of Genetics, Medical School, Alfonso X el Sabio University, Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raul Delgado-Morales
- Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program, IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ester Castaño
- Biology-Bellvitge Unit, Scientific and Technological Centers-University of Barcelona (CCiTUB), Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Margarita Carmona
- Institute of Neuropathology, Bellvitge University Hospital, University of Barcelona, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Hospitalet de Llobregat; Biomedical Research Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isidre Ferrer
- Institute of Neuropathology, Bellvitge University Hospital, University of Barcelona, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Hospitalet de Llobregat; Biomedical Research Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain.
- Institute of Neuropathology, Service of Pathologic Anatomy, Bellvitge University Hospital, carrer Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.
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Upadhyay A, Amanullah A, Chhangani D, Mishra R, Mishra A. Selective multifaceted E3 ubiquitin ligases barricade extreme defense: Potential therapeutic targets for neurodegeneration and ageing. Ageing Res Rev 2015; 24:138-59. [PMID: 26247845 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2015.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2015] [Revised: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Efficient and regular performance of Ubiquitin Proteasome System and Autophagy continuously eliminate deleterious accumulation of nonnative protiens. In cellular quality control system, E3 ubiquitin ligases are significant employees for defense mechanism against abnormal toxic proteins. Few findings indicate that lack of functions of E3 ubiquitin ligases can be a causative factor of neurodevelopmental disorders, neurodegeneration, cancer and ageing. However, the detailed molecular pathomechanism implying E3 ubiquitin ligases in cellular functions in multifactorial disease conditions are not well understood. This article systematically represents the unique characteristics, molecular nature, and recent developments in the knowledge of neurobiological functions of few crucial E3 ubiquitin ligases. Here, we review recent literature on the roles of E6-AP, HRD1 and ITCH E3 ubiquitin ligases in the neuro-pathobiological mechanisms, with precise focus on the processes of neurodegeneration, and thereby propose new lines of potential targets for therapeutic interventions.
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