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Meena P, Manral A, Saini V, Tiwari M. Protective effects of a piperazine derivative [N-{4-[4-(2-methoxy-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-phenyl} carbamic acid ethyl ester] against aluminium-induced neurotoxicity: insights from in silico and in vivo studies. Neurotox Res 2014; 27:314-27. [PMID: 25403519 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-014-9499-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Revised: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The cholinergic hypothesis associated with Alzheimer's disease has spurred the development of numerous structural classes of compounds with different pharmacological profiles aimed at increasing central cholinergic neurotransmission. In the present study, six synthetic piperazine derivatives D1-D6 were screened for their efficacy as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs) through in silico and in vitro studies. Compound D2 was found to be a potential AChEI with adequate pharmacokinetic properties, as supported by in silico study. Further, in vivo studies were designed to examine the protective effect of piperazine derivative D2 (3 and 5 mg/kg for 6 weeks) in ameliorating the alterations induced by aluminium chloride (AlCl(3)) on behavioural and neurochemical indices. Behavioural tests (Morris water maze and elevated plus maze) revealed significant alterations in the short-term memory and anxiety levels in rats treated with AlCl(3), which was further improved after D2 treatment. Further, D2 treatment attenuated the neurotoxic effects of AlCl(3) as shown by the improvement in rats performance in Water maze test and in lowering AChE activity. Besides preventing lipid peroxidation and protein damage, changes in the levels of endogenous antioxidant enzymes (GST, GPx, GR and GSH) associated with AlCl3 administration were also restored upon treatment with D2. Thus, our results support the neuroprotective potential of compound D2, thus validating its use in alleviating toxic effects of aluminium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Meena
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
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Willhite CC, Karyakina NA, Yokel RA, Yenugadhati N, Wisniewski TM, Arnold IMF, Momoli F, Krewski D. Systematic review of potential health risks posed by pharmaceutical, occupational and consumer exposures to metallic and nanoscale aluminum, aluminum oxides, aluminum hydroxide and its soluble salts. Crit Rev Toxicol 2014; 44 Suppl 4:1-80. [PMID: 25233067 PMCID: PMC4997813 DOI: 10.3109/10408444.2014.934439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Aluminum (Al) is a ubiquitous substance encountered both naturally (as the third most abundant element) and intentionally (used in water, foods, pharmaceuticals, and vaccines); it is also present in ambient and occupational airborne particulates. Existing data underscore the importance of Al physical and chemical forms in relation to its uptake, accumulation, and systemic bioavailability. The present review represents a systematic examination of the peer-reviewed literature on the adverse health effects of Al materials published since a previous critical evaluation compiled by Krewski et al. (2007) . Challenges encountered in carrying out the present review reflected the experimental use of different physical and chemical Al forms, different routes of administration, and different target organs in relation to the magnitude, frequency, and duration of exposure. Wide variations in diet can result in Al intakes that are often higher than the World Health Organization provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI), which is based on studies with Al citrate. Comparing daily dietary Al exposures on the basis of "total Al"assumes that gastrointestinal bioavailability for all dietary Al forms is equivalent to that for Al citrate, an approach that requires validation. Current occupational exposure limits (OELs) for identical Al substances vary as much as 15-fold. The toxicity of different Al forms depends in large measure on their physical behavior and relative solubility in water. The toxicity of soluble Al forms depends upon the delivered dose of Al(+3) to target tissues. Trivalent Al reacts with water to produce bidentate superoxide coordination spheres [Al(O2)(H2O4)(+2) and Al(H2O)6 (+3)] that after complexation with O2(•-), generate Al superoxides [Al(O2(•))](H2O5)](+2). Semireduced AlO2(•) radicals deplete mitochondrial Fe and promote generation of H2O2, O2 (•-) and OH(•). Thus, it is the Al(+3)-induced formation of oxygen radicals that accounts for the oxidative damage that leads to intrinsic apoptosis. In contrast, the toxicity of the insoluble Al oxides depends primarily on their behavior as particulates. Aluminum has been held responsible for human morbidity and mortality, but there is no consistent and convincing evidence to associate the Al found in food and drinking water at the doses and chemical forms presently consumed by people living in North America and Western Europe with increased risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Neither is there clear evidence to show use of Al-containing underarm antiperspirants or cosmetics increases the risk of AD or breast cancer. Metallic Al, its oxides, and common Al salts have not been shown to be either genotoxic or carcinogenic. Aluminum exposures during neonatal and pediatric parenteral nutrition (PN) can impair bone mineralization and delay neurological development. Adverse effects to vaccines with Al adjuvants have occurred; however, recent controlled trials found that the immunologic response to certain vaccines with Al adjuvants was no greater, and in some cases less than, that after identical vaccination without Al adjuvants. The scientific literature on the adverse health effects of Al is extensive. Health risk assessments for Al must take into account individual co-factors (e.g., age, renal function, diet, gastric pH). Conclusions from the current review point to the need for refinement of the PTWI, reduction of Al contamination in PN solutions, justification for routine addition of Al to vaccines, and harmonization of OELs for Al substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calvin C. Willhite
- Risk Sciences International, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- McLaughlin Centre for Population Health Risk Assessment, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | - Robert A. Yokel
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | | | - Thomas M. Wisniewski
- Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry and Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Ian M. F. Arnold
- Occupational Health Program, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Franco Momoli
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Daniel Krewski
- Risk Sciences International, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- McLaughlin Centre for Population Health Risk Assessment, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Zhang L, Jin C, Lu X, Yang J, Wu S, Liu Q, Chen R, Bai C, Zhang D, Zheng L, Du Y, Cai Y. Aluminium chloride impairs long-term memory and downregulates cAMP-PKA-CREB signalling in rats. Toxicology 2014; 323:95-108. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2014.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2014] [Revised: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Allagui M, Feriani A, Saoudi M, Badraoui R, Bouoni Z, Nciri R, Murat J, Elfeki A. Effects of melatonin on aluminium-induced neurobehavioral and neurochemical changes in aging rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2014; 70:84-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2014.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Revised: 03/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Carvedilol Attenuates 6-Hydroxydopamine-Induced Cell Death in PC12 Cells: Involvement of Akt and Nrf2/ARE Pathways. Neurochem Res 2014; 39:1733-40. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-014-1367-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Revised: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/14/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Kumar V, Gill KD. Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in aluminium neurotoxicity and its amelioration: a review. Neurotoxicology 2014; 41:154-66. [PMID: 24560992 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2014.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Revised: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Aluminium is light weight and toxic metal present ubiquitously on earth which has gained considerable attention due to its neurotoxic effects. The widespread use of products made from or containing aluminium is ensuring its presence in our body. There is prolonged retention of a fraction of aluminium that enters the brain, suggesting its potential for accumulation with repeated exposures. There is no known biological role for aluminium within the body but adverse physiological effects of this metal have been observed in mammals. The generation of oxidative stress may be attributed to its toxic consequences in animals and humans. The oxidative stress has been implicated in pathogenesis of various neurodegenerative conditions including Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Though it remains unclear whether oxidative stress is a major cause or merely a consequence of cellular dysfunction associated with neurodegenerative diseases, an accumulating body of evidence implicates that impaired mitochondrial energy production and increased mitochondrial oxidative damage is associated with the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders. Being involved in the production of reactive oxygen species, aluminium may impair mitochondrial bioenergetics and may lead to the generation of oxidative stress. In this review, we have discussed the oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunctions occurring in Al neurotoxicity. In addition, the ameliorative measures undertaken in aluminium induced oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunctions have also been highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
| | - Kiran Dip Gill
- Department of Biochemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India; Department of Biochemistry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
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Yang WN, Hu XD, Han H, Shi LL, Feng GF, Liu Y, Qian YH. The effects of valsartan on cognitive deficits induced by aluminum trichloride and d-galactose in mice. Neurol Res 2014; 36:651-8. [DOI: 10.1179/1743132813y.0000000295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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58
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Lee TM, Lin SZ, Chang NC. Differential effect of phosphodiesterase-3 inhibitors on sympathetic hyperinnervation in healed rat infarcts. Circ J 2013; 78:366-76. [PMID: 24304537 DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-13-0749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of phosphodiesterase-3 (PDE-3) inhibitors on arrhythmia remains controversial, so the purpose of this study was to determine their differential effects on sympathetic hyperinnervation and the involved mechanisms in a rat model of myocardial infarction. METHODS AND RESULTS After ligating the coronary artery, male Wistar rats were randomized to cilostazol or milrinone, chemically unrelated inhibitors of PDE-3, or vehicle for 4 weeks. The postinfarction period was associated with increased myocardial norepinephrine levels and oxidant release, as measured by myocardial superoxide level and dihydroethidine fluorescence staining. Infarcted rats in the milrinone- and cilostazol-treated groups had favorable ventricular remodeling with similar potency. Compared with milrinone, cilostazol significantly increased interstitial adenosine levels and reduced the production of myocardial cAMP and superoxide. Cilostazol significantly blunted sympathetic hyperinnervation, as assessed by immunofluorescent analysis of sympathetic innervation, and western blotting and real-time quantitative RT-PCR of nerve growth factor. Furthermore, the inhibitory effect of cilostazol on nerve growth factor was reversed by 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine, a selective A1 receptor antagonist, and enhanced by tempol administration. In spite of similar arrhythmic vulnerability during programmed stimulation in both the vehicle-and cilostazol-treated groups, cilostazol did not have proarrhythmic effects compared with milrinone. CONCLUSIONS Unlike milrinone, cilostazol has therapeutic neutrality in arrhythmias because of adenosine uptake inhibition, which antagonizes the PDE-3-induced increase of sympathetic reinnervation via mediation of an adenosine A1 receptor-mediated antioxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Ming Lee
- Department of Medicine, Cardiology Section, Tainan Municipal An-Nan Hospital-China Medical University
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The effects of perindopril on cognitive impairment induced by d-galactose and aluminum trichloride via inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity and oxidative stress. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2013; 114-115:31-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2013.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Revised: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/26/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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60
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Ouyang Y, Chen Z, Tan M, Liu A, Chen M, Liu J, Pi R, Fang J. Carvedilol, a third-generation β-blocker prevents oxidative stress-induced neuronal death and activates Nrf2/ARE pathway in HT22 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 441:917-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.10.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Anti‐amnestic properties of Ginkgo biloba extract on impaired memory function induced by aluminum in rats. Int J Dev Neurosci 2013; 31:598-607. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2013.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2013] [Revised: 07/13/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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Lương KVQ, Nguyen LTH. The role of Beta-adrenergic receptor blockers in Alzheimer's disease: potential genetic and cellular signaling mechanisms. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 2013; 28:427-39. [PMID: 23689075 PMCID: PMC10852699 DOI: 10.1177/1533317513488924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
According to genetic studies, Alzheimer's disease (AD) is linked to beta-adrenergic receptor blockade through numerous factors, including human leukocyte antigen genes, the renin-angiotensin system, poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase 1, nerve growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor, and the reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate. Beta-adrenergic receptor blockade is also implicated in AD due to its effects on matrix metalloproteinases, mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways, prostaglandins, cyclooxygenase-2, and nitric oxide synthase. Beta-adrenergic receptor blockade may also have a significant role in AD, although the role is controversial. Behavioral symptoms, sex, or genetic factors, including Beta 2-adrenergic receptor variants, apolipoprotein E, and cytochrome P450 CYP2D6, may contribute to beta-adrenergic receptor blockade modulation in AD. Thus, the characterization of beta-adrenergic receptor blockade in patients with AD is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khanh vinh quoc Lương
- Vietnamese American Medical Research Foundation, Westminster, California, CA 92683, USA.
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63
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Thippeswamy AH, Rafiq M, Viswantha GLS, Kavya KJ, Anturlikar SD, Patki PS. Evaluation of Bacopa monniera for its Synergistic Activity with Rivastigmine in Reversing Aluminum-Induced Memory Loss and Learning Deficit in Rats. J Acupunct Meridian Stud 2013; 6:208-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jams.2013.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Revised: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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64
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Zhao HH, Di J, Liu WS, Liu HL, Lai H, Lü YL. Involvement of GSK3 and PP2A in ginsenoside Rb1's attenuation of aluminum-induced tau hyperphosphorylation. Behav Brain Res 2013; 241:228-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2012.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2012] [Revised: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 11/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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65
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Zhang L, Jin C, Liu Q, Lu X, Wu S, Yang J, Du Y, Zheng L, Cai Y. Effects of subchronic aluminum exposure on spatial memory, ultrastructure and L-LTP of hippocampus in rats. J Toxicol Sci 2013; 38:255-68. [DOI: 10.2131/jts.38.255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lifeng Zhang
- Heping District Center for Disease Control and Prevention,China
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, China
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, China
| | - Cuihong Jin
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, China
| | - Qiufang Liu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, China
| | - Xiaobo Lu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, China
| | - Shengwen Wu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, China
| | - Jinghua Yang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, China
| | - Yanqiu Du
- 9th People’s Hospital of Shenyang, China
| | - Linlin Zheng
- Medical college, Eastern Liaoning University, China
| | - Yuan Cai
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, China
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, China
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Waly MI, Guizani N, Ali A, Rahman MS. Papaya epicarp extract protects against aluminum-induced neurotoxicity. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2012; 237:1018-22. [PMID: 22956622 DOI: 10.1258/ebm.2012.012168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In a previous study, we demonstrated the ability of papaya epicarp extract (PEE) to protect against oxidative stress-induced insult in human SH-SY5Y neuronal cells in a mechanism that appeared to be by means of PEE potent antioxidant properties. To further understand this relationship, we examined the effect of PEE intervention on aluminum (Al)-induced cytotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells. The results indicated that PEE was effective in protecting against Al-induced cell death in a dose-dependent manner. PEE restored the Al-induced inhibition of folate-dependent methionine synthase activity and the antioxidant enzymes (catalase, glutathione peroxidases and superoxide dismutase). PEE ameliorated the Al-induced impairment of intracellular glutathione and total antioxidant capacity. Together, these findings indicate that PEE supplementation can play a neuroprotective role in ameliorating the changes in redox status of SH-SY5Y cells exposed to Al, a well-known environmental toxin that is involved in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases and neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa I Waly
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, PO Box 34, Al-Koud-123, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman.
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67
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Hassan F, Meduru S, Taguchi K, Kuppusamy ML, Mostafa M, Kuppusamy P, Khan M. Carvedilol enhances mesenchymal stem cell therapy for myocardial infarction via inhibition of caspase-3 expression. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2012; 343:62-71. [PMID: 22739507 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.112.196915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult stem cells have shown great promise toward repairing infarcted heart and restoring cardiac function. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), because of their inherent multipotent nature and their ability to secrete a multitude of growth factors and cytokines, have been used for cardiac repair with encouraging results. Preclinical studies showed that MSCs injected into infarcted hearts improve cardiac function and attenuate fibrosis. Although stem cell transplantation is a promising therapeutic option to repair the infarcted heart, it is faced with a number of challenges, including the survival of the transplanted cells in the ischemic region, due to excessive oxidative stress present in the ischemic region. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of Carvedilol (Carv), a nonselective β-blocker with antioxidant properties, on the survival and engraftment of MSCs in the infarcted heart. MSCs were subjected to a simulated host-tissue environment, similar to the one present in the infarcted myocardium, by culturing them in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) to induce oxidative stress. MSCs were treated with 2.5 μM Carv for 1 h in serum-free medium, followed by treatment with H(2)O(2) for 2 h. The treated cells exhibited significant protection against H(2)O(2)-induced cell death versus untreated controls as determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling assays. Likewise, transplantation of MSCs after permanent left coronary artery ligation and treatment of animals after myocardial infarction (MI) with Carv (5 mg/kg b.wt.) led to significant improvement in cardiac function, decreased fibrosis, and caspase-3 expression compared with the MI or MSC-alone groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemat Hassan
- Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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