51
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Mesquita I, Vergnes B, Silvestre R. Alterations on Cellular Redox States upon Infection and Implications for Host Cell Homeostasis. EXPERIENTIA SUPPLEMENTUM (2012) 2018; 109:197-220. [PMID: 30535600 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-74932-7_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The cofactors nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) and its phosphate form, NADP+, are crucial molecules present in all living cells. The delicate balance between the oxidized and reduced forms of these molecules is tightly regulated by intracellular metabolism assuring the maintenance of homeostatic conditions, which are essential for cell survival and proliferation. A recent cluster of data has highlighted the importance of the intracellular NAD+/NADH and NADP+/NADPH ratios during host-pathogen interactions, as fluctuations in the levels of these cofactors and in precursors' bioavailability may condition host response and, therefore, pathogen persistence or elimination. Furthermore, an increasing interest has been given towards how pathogens are capable of hijacking host cell proteins in their own advantage and, consequently, alter cellular redox states and immune function. Here, we review the basic principles behind biosynthesis and subcellular compartmentalization of NAD+ and NADP+, as well as the importance of these cofactors during infection, with a special emphasis on pathogen-driven modulation of host NAD+/NADP+ levels and contribution to the associated immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Mesquita
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Baptiste Vergnes
- MIVEGEC (IRD 224-CNRS 5290-Université Montpellier), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Montpellier, France
| | - Ricardo Silvestre
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
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52
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Peters AL, Veldthuis M, van Leeuwen K, Bossuyt PM, Vlaar AP, van Bruggen R, de Korte D, Van Noorden CJ, van Zwieten R. Comparison of Spectrophotometry, Chromate Inhibition, and Cytofluorometry Versus Gene Sequencing for Detection of Heterozygously Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase-Deficient Females. J Histochem Cytochem 2017; 65:627-636. [PMID: 28902532 PMCID: PMC5665106 DOI: 10.1369/0022155417730021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is the most common enzyme deficiency worldwide. Detection of heterozygously deficient females can be difficult as residual activity in G6PD-sufficient red blood cells (RBCs) can mask deficiency. In this study, we compared accuracy of 4 methods for detection of G6PD deficiency in females. Blood samples from females more than 3 months of age were used for spectrophotometric measurement of G6PD activity and for determination of the percentage G6PD-negative RBCs by cytofluorometry. An additional sample from females suspected to have G6PD deficiency based on the spectrophotometric G6PD activity was used for measuring chromate inhibition and sequencing of the G6PD gene. Of 165 included females, 114 were suspected to have heterozygous deficiency. From 75 females, an extra sample was obtained. In this group, mutation analysis detected 27 heterozygously deficient females. The sensitivity of spectrophotometry, cytofluorometry, and chromate inhibition was calculated to be 0.52 (confidence interval [CI]: 0.32-0.71), 0.85 (CI: 0.66-0.96), and 0.96 (CI: 0.71-1.00, respectively, and the specificity was 1.00 (CI: 0.93-1.00), 0.88 (CI: 0.75-0.95), and 0.98 (CI: 0.89-1.00), respectively. Heterozygously G6PD-deficient females with a larger percentage of G6PD-sufficient RBCs are missed by routine methods measuring total G6PD activity. However, the majority of these females can be detected with both chromate inhibition and cytofluorometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna L. Peters
- Department of Intensive Care, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn Veldthuis
- Department of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Karin van Leeuwen
- Department of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick M.M. Bossuyt
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander P.J. Vlaar
- Department of Intensive Care, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robin van Bruggen
- Department of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk de Korte
- Department of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Rob van Zwieten
- Department of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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53
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Goheen MM, Campino S, Cerami C. The role of the red blood cell in host defence against falciparum malaria: an expanding repertoire of evolutionary alterations. Br J Haematol 2017; 179:543-556. [PMID: 28832963 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.14886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The malaria parasite has co-evolved with its human host as each organism struggles for resources and survival. The scars of this war are carried in the human genome in the form of polymorphisms that confer innate resistance to malaria. Clinical, epidemiological and genome-wide association studies have identified multiple polymorphisms in red blood cell (RBC) proteins that attenuate malaria pathogenesis. These include well-known polymorphisms in haemoglobin, intracellular enzymes, RBC channels, RBC surface markers, and proteins impacting the RBC cytoskeleton and RBC morphology. A better understanding of how changes in RBC physiology impact malaria pathogenesis may uncover new strategies to combat the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan M Goheen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Susana Campino
- Department of Pathogen Molecular Biology, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, The London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Carla Cerami
- MRC International Nutrition Group at Keneba, MRC Unit The Gambia, Banjul, The Gambia
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54
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Lwanira CN, Kironde F, Kaddumukasa M, Swedberg G. Prevalence of polymorphisms in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, sickle haemoglobin and nitric oxide synthase genes and their relationship with incidence of uncomplicated malaria in Iganga, Uganda. Malar J 2017; 16:322. [PMID: 28793894 PMCID: PMC5551019 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-017-1970-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Host genetics play an important role in Plasmodium falciparum malaria susceptibility. However, information on host genetic factors and their relationships with malaria in the vaccine trial site of Iganga, Uganda is limited. The main objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of selected host genetic markers and their relationship to malaria incidence in the vaccine trial site of Iganga, Uganda. In a 1-year longitudinal cohort study, 423 children aged below 9 years were recruited and their malaria episodes were investigated. Host genetic polymorphisms were assessed by PCR–RFLP, haemoglobin electrophoresis and DNA sequencing. Using a multivariate negative binomial regression model, estimates of the impact of human genetic polymorphisms on malaria incidence were performed. In all statistical tests, a P value of <0.05 was considered as significant. Results The prevalences of sickle cell haemoglobin trait, G6PD c.202 G>A (rs 1050828) and NOS2 −954 G>C (rs 1800482) variants were 26.6, 22.7 and 17.3%, respectively. Inducible nitric oxide synthase 2 (NOS2 −954 G>C; rs 1800482) heterozygosity was associated with lower incidence of malaria in all age groups {Adjusted incident rates ratio (aIRR) 0.59; 95% CI [0.386–0.887]; P = 0.012)}. About 4% of study subjects had co-existence of sickle cell Hb trait and G6PD deficiency. Sickle cell Hb heterozygotes (Hb AS) aged less than 1 year experienced significantly more malaria episodes annually than children with normal haemoglobin (Hb AA) {aIRR = 1.98; 95% CI [1.240–3.175]; P = 0.004}. There was no significant influence of the sickle cell trait on malaria incidence among older children of 1–9 years. Conclusions Mutation (NOS2 −954 G>C; rs 1800482) of nitric oxide synthase 2 gene promoter was associated with a lower incidence of acute malaria. The normal haemoglobin (wild genotype; HbAA) was associated with reduced malaria incidence rates during the first year of life. More understanding of the interplay between host genetics and malaria susceptibility is required.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fred Kironde
- Habib Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Islamic University in Uganda (IUIU), Kampala Campus, Kampala, Uganda.
| | - Mark Kaddumukasa
- School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Göte Swedberg
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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55
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Mbanefo EC, Ahmed AM, Titouna A, Elmaraezy A, Trang NTH, Phuoc Long N, Hoang Anh N, Diem Nghi T, The Hung B, Van Hieu M, Ky Anh N, Huy NT, Hirayama K. Association of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency and malaria: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45963. [PMID: 28382932 PMCID: PMC5382680 DOI: 10.1038/srep45963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency overlaps with malaria endemicity although it predisposes carriers to hemolysis. This fact supports the protection hypothesis against malaria. The aim of this systematic review is to assess the presence and the extent of protective association between G6PD deficiency and malaria. Thirteen databases were searched for papers reporting any G6PD alteration in malaria patients. Twenty-eight of the included 30 studies were eligible for the meta-analysis. Results showed absence of negative association between G6PD deficiency and uncomplicated falciparum malaria (odds ratio (OR), 0.77; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.59-1.02; p = 0.07). However, this negative association happened in Africa (OR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.40-0.86; p = 0.007) but not in Asia (OR, 1.24; 95% CI, 0.96-1.61; p = 0.10), and in the heterozygotes (OR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.57-0.87; p = 0.001) but not the homo/hemizygous (OR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.46-1.07; p = 0.10). There was no association between G6PD deficiency and total severe malaria (OR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.61-1.11; p = 0.20). Similarly, there was no association with other malaria species. G6PD deficiency can potentially protect against uncomplicated malaria in African countries, but not severe malaria. Interestingly, this protection was mainly in heterozygous, being x-linked thus related to gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evaristus Chibunna Mbanefo
- Department of Immunogenetics, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Japan.,Department of Parasitology and Entomology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, P.M.B. Awka, Nigeria
| | | | - Afaf Titouna
- Department of Immunogenetics, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Japan
| | | | | | - Nguyen Phuoc Long
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Hong Bang, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Hoang Anh
- School of Medicine, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam
| | - Tran Diem Nghi
- School of Medicine, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam
| | - Bui The Hung
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Hong Bang, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam
| | - Mai Van Hieu
- School of Medicine, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Ky Anh
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Hong Bang, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Tien Huy
- Evidence Based Medicine Research Group &Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.,Department of Clinical Product Development, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kenji Hirayama
- Department of Immunogenetics, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Japan
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56
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Plewes K, Soontarawirat I, Ghose A, Bancone G, Kingston HWF, Herdman MT, Leopold SJ, Ishioka H, Faiz MA, Anstey NM, Day NPJ, Hossain MA, Imwong M, Dondorp AM, Woodrow CJ. Genotypic and phenotypic characterization of G6PD deficiency in Bengali adults with severe and uncomplicated malaria. Malar J 2017; 16:134. [PMID: 28356147 PMCID: PMC5372272 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-017-1788-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Control of malaria increasingly involves administration of 8-aminoquinolines, with accompanying risk of haemolysis in individuals with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency. Few data on the prevalence and genotypic basis of G6PD deficiency are available from Bangladesh, where malaria remains a major problem in the South (Chittagong Division). The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of G6PD deficiency, and associated G6PD genotypes, in adults with falciparum malaria in southern Bangladesh. METHODS G6PD status was assessed via a combination of fluorescent spot testing (FST) and genotyping in 141 Bengali patients admitted with falciparum malaria to two centres in Chittagong Division from 2012 to 2014. In addition, an analysis of genomic data from 1000 Genomes Project was carried out among five healthy Indian subcontinent populations. RESULTS One male patient with uncomplicated malaria was found to have G6PD deficiency on FST and a genotype associated with deficiency (hemizygous Orissa variant). In addition, there were two female patients heterozygous for deficiency variants (Orissa and Kerala-Kalyan). These three patients had a relatively long duration of symptoms prior to admission compared to G6PD normal cases, possibly suggesting an interaction with parasite multiplication rate. In addition, one of 27 healthy local controls was deficient on FST and hemizygous for the Mahidol variant of G6PD deficiency. Examination of 1000 Genomes Project sequencing data across the Indian subcontinent showed that 19/723 chromosomes (2.63%) carried a variant associated with deficiency. In the Bengali from Bangladesh 1000 Genomes population, three of 130 chromosomes (2.31%) carried deficient alleles; this included single chromosomes carrying the Kerala-Kalyan and Orissa variants. CONCLUSIONS In line with other recent work, G6PD deficiency is uncommon in Bengalis in Bangladesh. Further studies of particular ethnic groups are needed to evaluate the potential risk of wide deployment of primaquine in malaria control efforts in Bangladesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Plewes
- Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 420/6 Rajvithi Road, Rajthevee, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand. .,Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Ingfar Soontarawirat
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Aniruddha Ghose
- Department of Medicine, Chittagong Medical College Hospital, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Germana Bancone
- Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Mae Sot, Thailand
| | - Hugh W F Kingston
- Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 420/6 Rajvithi Road, Rajthevee, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.,Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, Australia
| | - M Trent Herdman
- Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 420/6 Rajvithi Road, Rajthevee, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Stije J Leopold
- Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 420/6 Rajvithi Road, Rajthevee, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.,Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Haruhiko Ishioka
- Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 420/6 Rajvithi Road, Rajthevee, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.,Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Md Abul Faiz
- Malaria Research Group, and Dev Care Foundation, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Nicholas M Anstey
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, Australia
| | - Nicholas P J Day
- Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 420/6 Rajvithi Road, Rajthevee, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.,Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Md Amir Hossain
- Department of Medicine, Chittagong Medical College Hospital, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Mallika Imwong
- Department of Molecular Tropical Medicine and Genetics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Arjen M Dondorp
- Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 420/6 Rajvithi Road, Rajthevee, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.,Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Charles J Woodrow
- Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 420/6 Rajvithi Road, Rajthevee, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.,Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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57
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Clarke GM, Rockett K, Kivinen K, Hubbart C, Jeffreys AE, Rowlands K, Jallow M, Conway DJ, Bojang KA, Pinder M, Usen S, Sisay-Joof F, Sirugo G, Toure O, Thera MA, Konate S, Sissoko S, Niangaly A, Poudiougou B, Mangano VD, Bougouma EC, Sirima SB, Modiano D, Amenga-Etego LN, Ghansah A, Koram KA, Wilson MD, Enimil A, Evans J, Amodu OK, Olaniyan S, Apinjoh T, Mugri R, Ndi A, Ndila CM, Uyoga S, Macharia A, Peshu N, Williams TN, Manjurano A, Sepúlveda N, Clark TG, Riley E, Drakeley C, Reyburn H, Nyirongo V, Kachala D, Molyneux M, Dunstan SJ, Phu NH, Quyen NN, Thai CQ, Hien TT, Manning L, Laman M, Siba P, Karunajeewa H, Allen S, Allen A, Davis TME, Michon P, Mueller I, Molloy SF, Campino S, Kerasidou A, Cornelius VJ, Hart L, Shah SS, Band G, Spencer CCA, Agbenyega T, Achidi E, Doumbo OK, Farrar J, Marsh K, Taylor T, Kwiatkowski DP. Characterisation of the opposing effects of G6PD deficiency on cerebral malaria and severe malarial anaemia. eLife 2017; 6:e15085. [PMID: 28067620 PMCID: PMC5222559 DOI: 10.7554/elife.15085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is believed to confer protection against Plasmodium falciparum malaria, but the precise nature of the protective effecthas proved difficult to define as G6PD deficiency has multiple allelic variants with different effects in males and females, and it has heterogeneous effects on the clinical outcome of P. falciparum infection. Here we report an analysis of multiple allelic forms of G6PD deficiency in a large multi-centre case-control study of severe malaria, using the WHO classification of G6PD mutations to estimate each individual's level of enzyme activity from their genotype. Aggregated across all genotypes, we find that increasing levels of G6PD deficiency are associated with decreasing risk of cerebral malaria, but with increased risk of severe malarial anaemia. Models of balancing selection based on these findings indicate that an evolutionary trade-off between different clinical outcomes of P. falciparum infection could have been a major cause of the high levels of G6PD polymorphism seen in human populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geraldine M Clarke
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom,MRC Centre for Genomics and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, (GMC)
| | - Kirk Rockett
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom,MRC Centre for Genomics and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom,The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom, (KRoc)
| | - Katja Kivinen
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Christina Hubbart
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Anna E Jeffreys
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Kate Rowlands
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Muminatou Jallow
- Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia, Fajara, Gambia,Edward Francis Small Teaching Hospital, Independence Drive, Banjul, Gambia
| | - David J Conway
- Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia, Fajara, Gambia,Department of Pathogen Molecular Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Stanley Usen
- Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia, Fajara, Gambia
| | | | - Giorgio Sirugo
- Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia, Fajara, Gambia
| | - Ousmane Toure
- Malaria Research and Training Centre, University of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Mahamadou A Thera
- Malaria Research and Training Centre, University of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Salimata Konate
- Malaria Research and Training Centre, University of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Sibiry Sissoko
- Malaria Research and Training Centre, University of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Amadou Niangaly
- Malaria Research and Training Centre, University of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Belco Poudiougou
- Malaria Research and Training Centre, University of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | | | - Edith C Bougouma
- Centre National de Recherche et de Formation sur le Paludisme (CNRFP), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Sodiomon B Sirima
- Centre National de Recherche et de Formation sur le Paludisme (CNRFP), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | | | | | - Anita Ghansah
- Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Kwadwo A Koram
- Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Michael D Wilson
- Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | | | - Jennifer Evans
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany,Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research, Kumasi, Ghana
| | | | | | - Tobias Apinjoh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Regina Mugri
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Andre Ndi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
| | | | - Sophie Uyoga
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
| | | | - Norbert Peshu
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Thomas N Williams
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alphaxard Manjurano
- Joint Malaria Programme, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical College, Moshi, Tanzania,Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nuno Sepúlveda
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Taane G Clark
- Department of Pathogen Molecular Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom,Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eleanor Riley
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Chris Drakeley
- Joint Malaria Programme, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical College, Moshi, Tanzania,Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hugh Reyburn
- Joint Malaria Programme, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical College, Moshi, Tanzania,Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Vysaul Nyirongo
- Malawi-Liverpool Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - David Kachala
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, University of Oxford, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Malcolm Molyneux
- Malawi-Liverpool Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi,Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah J Dunstan
- The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nguyen Hoan Phu
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, University of Oxford, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam,Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Nguyen Ngoc Quyen
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, University of Oxford, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Cao Quang Thai
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, University of Oxford, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam,Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Tran Tinh Hien
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, University of Oxford, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam,Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam,Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Goroka, Papua New Guinea
| | - Laurens Manning
- Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Goroka, Papua New Guinea
| | - Moses Laman
- Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Goroka, Papua New Guinea
| | - Peter Siba
- Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Goroka, Papua New Guinea
| | | | | | - Angela Allen
- Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Pascal Michon
- Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Goroka, Papua New Guinea,Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Divine Word University, Madang, Papua New Guinea
| | - Ivo Mueller
- Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Goroka, Papua New Guinea,Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia,Barcelona Centre for International Health Research, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Síle F Molloy
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Susana Campino
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Angeliki Kerasidou
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom,Nuffield Department of Population Health, The Ethox Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Victoria J Cornelius
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom,MRC Centre for Genomics and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Lee Hart
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Shivang S Shah
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom,Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Gavin Band
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom,MRC Centre for Genomics and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Chris CA Spencer
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Tsiri Agbenyega
- Komfo Anoyke Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana,Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Eric Achidi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Ogobara K Doumbo
- Malaria Research and Training Centre, University of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Jeremy Farrar
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, University of Oxford, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam,Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Center for Tropical Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin Marsh
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Terrie Taylor
- Blantyre Malaria Project at the College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Dominic P Kwiatkowski
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom,MRC Centre for Genomics and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom,The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom, (DPK)
| | - MalariaGEN Consortium
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom,The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Amoah LE, Opong A, Ayanful-Torgby R, Abankwa J, Acquah FK. Prevalence of G6PD deficiency and Plasmodium falciparum parasites in asymptomatic school children living in southern Ghana. Malar J 2016; 15:388. [PMID: 27456336 PMCID: PMC4960760 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-016-1440-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is an X-linked genetic disorder that results in impaired enzyme activity. Although G6PD deficiency is globally distributed it is more prevalent in malaria-endemic countries. Several mutations have been identified in the G6PD gene, which alter enzyme activity. The G6PD genotype predominantly found in sub-Saharan Africa is the G6PDB (G6PD376A) with (G6PD376G) and G6PDA- (G6PD376G/202A, G6PD376G/542T, G6PD376G/680T and G6PD376G/968C) occurring at lower frequencies. Aim The aim of this study was to identify the prevalence of G6PD deficiency and asymptomatic Plasmodium falciparum carriage in children living in southern Ghana and determine whether G6PD deficiency influences asymptomatic carriage of P. falciparum parasites. Methods Blood samples were obtained once a month from 170 healthy Ghanaian school children aged between 5 and 12 years from Basic schools in two communities Obom and Abura with similar rainfall patterns and malaria peak seasons. G6PD enzyme activity was assessed using the qualitative G6PD RDT kit (AccessBIO). G6PD genotyping and asymptomatic parasite carriage was determined by PCR followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of DNA extracted from dried blood spots. Results The only sub-Saharan G6PD A- allele detected was the A376G/G202A found in 12.4 % (21/170), of the children and distributed as 4.1 % (7/170) A-, 1.8 % (3/170) A-/A- homozygous deficient males and females and 6.5 % (11/170) A/A- and B/A- heterozygous deficient females. Phenotypically, 10.6 % (15/142) of the children were G6PD deficient. The asymptomatic carriage of P. falciparum by PCR was 50, 29.4, 38.2 and 38.8 % over the months of February through May 2015, respectively, and 28.8, 22.4, 25.9 and 5.9 % by microscopy during the same periods. Conclusions G6PD deficiency was significantly associated with a lowered risk of PCR-estimated asymptomatic P. falciparum carriage in children during the off peak malaria season in Southern Ghana. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12936-016-1440-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Eva Amoah
- Immunology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana.
| | - Akua Opong
- Immunology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Ruth Ayanful-Torgby
- Immunology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana.,Ghana Health Service, Ministry of Health, Accra, Ghana
| | - Joana Abankwa
- Immunology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Festus K Acquah
- Immunology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
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Nguetse CN, Meyer CG, Adegnika AA, Agbenyega T, Ogutu BR, Kremsner PG, Velavan TP. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency and reduced haemoglobin levels in African children with severe malaria. Malar J 2016; 15:346. [PMID: 27388012 PMCID: PMC4937586 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-016-1396-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extensive studies investigating the role of host genetic factors during malaria associate glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency with relative protection. G6PD deficiency had been reported to associate with anti-malarial drug induced with haemolytic anaemia. METHODS A total of 301 Gabonese, Ghanaian, and Kenyan children aged 6-120 months with severe malaria recruited in a multicentre trial on artesunate were included in this sub-study. G6PD normal (type B), heterozygous (type A(+)) and deficient (type A(-)) genotypes were determined by direct sequencing of the common African mutations G202A and A376G. Furthermore, multivariate analyses were executed to associate possible contributions of G6PD deficiency with baseline haemoglobin levels, parasitaemia and with severe malarial anaemia. RESULTS Two hundred and seventy-eight children (132 females and 146 males) were successfully genotyped for G6PD variants. The overall prevalence of G6PD deficiency was 13 % [36/278; 3 % (4/132) female homozygous and 22 % (32/146) male hemizygous], 14 % (40/278) children were female heterozygous while 73 % (202/278) were G6PD normal [67 % (88/132) females and 78 % (114/146) males] individuals. Multivariate regression revealed a significant association of moderately and severely deficient G6PD genotypes with haemoglobin levels according to the baseline data (p < 0.0001; G6PD heterozygous: p < 0.0001; G6PD deficient: p = 0.009), but not with severe malarial anaemia (p = 0.66). No association of G6PD genotypes with baseline parasitaemia. CONCLUSIONS In this study, moderately (type A(+)) and severely (type A(-)) G6PD deficiency showed significant association with lower haemoglobin concentrations at baseline in African children with severe malaria without leading to severe malarial anaemia. In addition, there was no association of G6PD variant types with parasite densities on admission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian N Nguetse
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Wilhelmstrasse 27, 72074, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christian G Meyer
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Wilhelmstrasse 27, 72074, Tübingen, Germany.,Vietnamese-German Center for Medical Research, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Ayola Akim Adegnika
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Wilhelmstrasse 27, 72074, Tübingen, Germany.,Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon
| | - Tsiri Agbenyega
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.,Departments of Child Health and Medicine, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Bernhards R Ogutu
- Centre for Clinical Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Peter G Kremsner
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Wilhelmstrasse 27, 72074, Tübingen, Germany.,Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon
| | - Thirumalaisamy P Velavan
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Wilhelmstrasse 27, 72074, Tübingen, Germany. .,Vietnamese-German Center for Medical Research, Hanoi, Vietnam. .,Fondation Congolaise pour la Recherche Médicale, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo.
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60
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Molecular Heterogeneity of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency in Burkina Faso: G-6-PD Betica Selma and Santamaria in People with Symptomatic Malaria in Ouagadougou. Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis 2016; 8:e2016029. [PMID: 27413522 PMCID: PMC4928536 DOI: 10.4084/mjhid.2016.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The G-6-PD deficiency has an important polymorphism with genotypic variants such as 202A/376G, 376G/542T and 376G/968T known in West African populations. It would confer protection against severe forms of malaria although there are differences between the various associations in different studies. In this study we genotyped six (06) variants of the G-6-PD gene in people with symptomatic malaria in urban areas in Burkina Faso. One hundred and eighty-two (182) patients who tested positive using rapid detection test and microscopy were included in this study. A regular PCR with the GENESPARK G6PD African kit was run followed by electrophoresis, allowing initially to genotype six SNPs (G202A, A376G, A542T, G680T, C563T and T968C). Women carrying the mutations 202A and/or 376G were further typed by real-time PCR using TaqMan probes rs1050828 and rs1050829. In the study population the G-6-PD deficiency prevalence was 9.9%. In addition of G-6-PD A- (202A/376G) variant, 376G/542T and 376G/968T variants were also detected. Hemoglobin electrophoresis revealed that 22.5% (41/182) of the individuals had HbAC compared with2.2% with HbAS and one individual had double heterozygous HbSC. There was no correlation between the G-6-PD deficiency or haemoglobinopathies and symptomatic malaria infections in this study. Our study confirms that the G-6-PD deficiency does not confer protection against Plasmodium falciparum infections. As opposed to previous genotyping studies carried out in Burkina Faso, this study shows for the first time the presence of the variant A- (376G/968C) and warrants further investigation at the national level and in specific ethnic groups.
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61
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Luzzatto L. G6PD deficiency: a polymorphism balanced by heterozygote advantage against malaria. LANCET HAEMATOLOGY 2015; 2:e400-1. [DOI: 10.1016/s2352-3026(15)00191-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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