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Kim HB, Myung SJ. Clinical implications of the Hippo-YAP pathway in multiple cancer contexts. BMB Rep 2018; 51:119-125. [PMID: 29366445 PMCID: PMC5882218 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2018.51.3.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hippo pathway plays prominent and widespread roles in various forms of human carcinogenesis. Specifically, the Yes-associated protein (YAP), a downstream effector of the Hippo pathway, can lead to excessive cell proliferation and the inhibition of apoptosis, resulting in tumorigenesis. It was reported that the YAP is strongly elevated in multiple types of human malignancies such as breast, lung, small intestine, colon, and liver cancers. Recent work indicates that, surprisingly, Hippo signaling components' (SAV1, MST1/2, Lats1/2) mutations are virtually absent in human cancer, rendering this signaling an unlikely candidate to explain the vigorous activation of the YAP in most, if not all human tumors and an activated YAP promotes the resistance to RAF-, MAPK/ERK Kinase (MEK)-, and Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-targeted inhibitor therapy. The analysis of YAP expressions can facilitate the identification of patients who respond better to an anti-cancer drug treatment comprising RAF-, MEK-, and EGFR-targeted inhibitors. The prominence of YAP for those aspects of cancer biology denotes that these factors are ideal targets for the development of anti-cancer medications. Therefore, our report strongly indicates that the YAP is of potential prognostic utility and druggability in various human cancers. [BMB Reports 2018; 51(3): 119-125].
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Byul Kim
- LG Chem, Department of Life Sciences, R&D Park, Seoul 07796, Korea
| | - Seung-Jae Myung
- Biomedical Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Seoul 05505; Department of Gastroenterology and Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea
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Pallocca M, Goeman F, De Nicola F, Melucci E, Sperati F, Terrenato I, Pizzuti L, Casini B, Gallo E, Amoreo CA, Vici P, Di Lauro L, Buglioni S, Diodoro MG, Pescarmona E, Mazzotta M, Barba M, Fanciulli M, De Maria R, Ciliberto G, Maugeri-Saccà M. Coexisting YAP expression and TP53 missense mutations delineates a molecular scenario unexpectedly associated with better survival outcomes in advanced gastric cancer. J Transl Med 2018; 16:247. [PMID: 30180862 PMCID: PMC6122687 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-018-1607-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously reported that nuclear expression of the Hippo transducer TAZ in association with Wnt pathway mutations negatively impacts survival outcomes in advanced gastric cancer (GC) patients. Here, we extended these previous findings by investigating another oncogenic cooperation, namely, the interplay between YAP, the TAZ paralogue, and p53. The molecular output of the YAP-p53 cooperation is dependent on TP53 mutational status. In the absence of mutations, the YAP-p53 crosstalk elicits a pro-apoptotic response, whereas in the presence of TP53 mutations it activates a pro-proliferative transcriptional program. In order to study this phenomenon, we re-analyzed data from 83 advanced GC patients treated with chemotherapy whose tissue samples had been characterized for YAP expression (immunohistochemistry, IHC) and TP53 mutations (deep sequencing). In doing so, we generated a molecular model combining nuclear YAP expression in association with TP53 missense variants (YAP+/TP53mut(mv)). Surprisingly, this signature was associated with a decreased risk of disease progression (multivariate Cox for progression-free survival: HR 0.53, 95% CI 0.30–0.91, p = 0.022). The YAP+/TP53mut(mv) model was also associated with better OS in the subgroup of patients who received chemotherapy beyond the first-line setting (multivariate Cox: HR 0.36, 95% CI 0.16–0.81, p = 0.013). Collectively, our findings suggest that the oncogenic cooperation between YAP and mutant p53 may translate into better survival outcomes. This apparent paradox can be explained by the pro-proliferative program triggered by YAP and mutant p53, that supposedly renders cancer cells more vulnerable to cytotoxic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Pallocca
- SAFU Laboratory, Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostic, and Technological Innovation, IRCCS "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Frauke Goeman
- Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit, IRCCS "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca De Nicola
- SAFU Laboratory, Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostic, and Technological Innovation, IRCCS "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Melucci
- Department of Pathology, IRCCS "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Sperati
- Biostatistics-Scientific Direction, IRCCS "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Irene Terrenato
- Biostatistics-Scientific Direction, IRCCS "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Pizzuti
- Division of Medical Oncology 2, IRCCS "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Beatrice Casini
- Department of Pathology, IRCCS "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Enzo Gallo
- Department of Pathology, IRCCS "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Carla Azzurra Amoreo
- Department of Pathology, IRCCS "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Patrizia Vici
- Division of Medical Oncology 2, IRCCS "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Di Lauro
- Division of Medical Oncology 2, IRCCS "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Simonetta Buglioni
- Department of Pathology, IRCCS "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Diodoro
- Department of Pathology, IRCCS "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Edoardo Pescarmona
- Department of Pathology, IRCCS "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Mazzotta
- Medical Oncology Unit, Policlinico Sant'Andrea, Via Di Grotta Rossa 1035/1039, 00189, Rome, Italy
| | - Maddalena Barba
- Division of Medical Oncology 2, IRCCS "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Fanciulli
- SAFU Laboratory, Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostic, and Technological Innovation, IRCCS "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Ruggero De Maria
- Institute of General Pathology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart and Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, Largo Agostino Gemelli, 10, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Gennaro Ciliberto
- Scientific Direction, IRCCS "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Marcello Maugeri-Saccà
- Division of Medical Oncology 2, IRCCS "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy. .,Division of Medical Oncology 2 and Scientific Direction, IRCCS "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy.
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Gill MK, Christova T, Zhang YY, Gregorieff A, Zhang L, Narimatsu M, Song S, Xiong S, Couzens AL, Tong J, Krieger JR, Moran MF, Zlotta AR, van der Kwast TH, Gingras AC, Sicheri F, Wrana JL, Attisano L. A feed forward loop enforces YAP/TAZ signaling during tumorigenesis. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3510. [PMID: 30158528 PMCID: PMC6115388 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05939-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In most solid tumors, the Hippo pathway is inactivated through poorly understood mechanisms that result in the activation of the transcriptional regulators, YAP and TAZ. Here, we identify NUAK2 as a YAP/TAZ activator that directly inhibits LATS-mediated phosphorylation of YAP/TAZ and show that NUAK2 induction by YAP/TAZ and AP-1 is required for robust YAP/TAZ signaling. Pharmacological inhibition or loss of NUAK2 reduces the growth of cultured cancer cells and mammary tumors in mice. Moreover, in human patient samples, we show that NUAK2 expression is elevated in aggressive, high-grade bladder cancer and strongly correlates with a YAP/TAZ gene signature. These findings identify a positive feed forward loop in the Hippo pathway that establishes a key role for NUAK2 in enforcing the tumor-promoting activities of YAP/TAZ. Our results thus introduce a new opportunity for cancer therapeutics by delineating NUAK2 as a potential target for re-engaging the Hippo pathway. The Hippo pathway is frequently dysregulated in cancer. Here, the authors identify NUAK2 as negative regulator of the Hippo pathway from a siRNA kinome screen and show that NUAK2 promotes YAP/TAZ nuclear localisation while NUAK2 is a transcriptional target of YAP/TAZ, thus providing a feed forward loop to promote tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandeep K Gill
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.,Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Tania Christova
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.,Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Ying Y Zhang
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.,Centre for Systems Biology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Alex Gregorieff
- Centre for Systems Biology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada.,Department of Pathology, McGill University and Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, H4A 3J1, QC, Canada
| | - Liang Zhang
- Centre for Systems Biology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong, China.,City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518057, China
| | - Masahiro Narimatsu
- Centre for Systems Biology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Siyuan Song
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.,Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Shawn Xiong
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.,Centre for Systems Biology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Amber L Couzens
- Centre for Systems Biology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Jiefei Tong
- Program in Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Jonathan R Krieger
- SPARC BioCentre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Michael F Moran
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.,Program in Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada.,SPARC BioCentre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Alexandre R Zlotta
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, University of Toronto, Mount Sinai Hospital and University Health Network, Toronto, M5G 1X5, ON, Canada
| | - Theodorus H van der Kwast
- Department of Pathology, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Anne-Claude Gingras
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.,Centre for Systems Biology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Frank Sicheri
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.,Centre for Systems Biology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Jeffrey L Wrana
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.,Centre for Systems Biology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Liliana Attisano
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada. .,Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada.
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Shen J, Cao B, Wang Y, Ma C, Zeng Z, Liu L, Li X, Tao D, Gong J, Xie D. Hippo component YAP promotes focal adhesion and tumour aggressiveness via transcriptionally activating THBS1/FAK signalling in breast cancer. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2018; 37:175. [PMID: 30055645 PMCID: PMC6064138 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-018-0850-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Focal adhesion plays an essential role in tumour invasiveness and metastasis. Hippo component YAP has been widely reported to be involved in many aspects of tumour biology. However, its role in focal adhesion regulation in breast cancer remains unexplored. METHODS Tissue microarray was used to evaluate YAP expression in clinical breast cancer specimens by immunohistochemical staining. Cell migration and invasion abilities were measured by Transwell assay. A cell adhesion assay was used to measure the ability of cell adhesion to gelatin. The focal adhesion was visualized through immunofluorescence. Phosphorylated FAK and other proteins were detected by Western blot analysis. Gene expression profiling was used to screen differently expressed genes, and gene ontology enrichment was performed using DAVID software. The gene mRNA levels were measured by quantitative real-time PCR. The activity of the THBS1-promoter was evaluated by dual luciferase assay. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) was used to verify whether YAP could bind to the THBS1-promoter region. The prediction of potential protein-interaction was performed with the String program. The ChIP sequence data of TEAD was obtained from the ENCODE database and analysed via the ChIP-seek tool. The gene expression dataset (GSE30480) of purified tumour cells from primary breast tumour tissues and metastatic lymph nodes was used in the gene set enrichment analysis. Prognostic analysis of the TCGA dataset was performed by the SurvExpress program. Gene expression correlation of the TCGA dataset was analysed via R2: Genomics Analysis and Visualization Platform. RESULTS Our study provides evidence that YAP acts as a promoter of focal adhesion and tumour invasiveness via regulating FAK phosphorylation in breast cancer. Further experiments reveal that YAP could induce FAK phosphorylation through a TEAD-dependent manner. Using gene expression profiling and bioinformatics analysis, we identify the FAK upstream gene, thrombospondin 1, as a direct transcriptional target of YAP-TEAD. Silencing THBS1 could reverse the YAP-induced FAK activation and focal adhesion. CONCLUSION Our results unveil a new signal axis, YAP/THBS1/FAK, in the modulation of cell adhesion and invasiveness, and provides new insights into the crosstalk between Hippo signalling and focal adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Shen
- Molecular Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Av., Wuhan, Hubei 430030 People’s Republic of China
- Department of Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Av., Wuhan, Hubei 430030 People’s Republic of China
| | - Beibei Cao
- Molecular Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Av., Wuhan, Hubei 430030 People’s Republic of China
- Department of Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Av., Wuhan, Hubei 430030 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yatao Wang
- Molecular Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Av., Wuhan, Hubei 430030 People’s Republic of China
- Department of Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Av., Wuhan, Hubei 430030 People’s Republic of China
| | - Chenshen Ma
- Molecular Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Av., Wuhan, Hubei 430030 People’s Republic of China
- Department of Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Av., Wuhan, Hubei 430030 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhuo Zeng
- Molecular Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Av., Wuhan, Hubei 430030 People’s Republic of China
- Department of Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Av., Wuhan, Hubei 430030 People’s Republic of China
| | - Liang Liu
- Molecular Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Av., Wuhan, Hubei 430030 People’s Republic of China
- Department of Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Av., Wuhan, Hubei 430030 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaolan Li
- Department of Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Av., Wuhan, Hubei 430030 People’s Republic of China
| | - Deding Tao
- Department of Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Av., Wuhan, Hubei 430030 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianping Gong
- Molecular Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Av., Wuhan, Hubei 430030 People’s Republic of China
- Department of Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Av., Wuhan, Hubei 430030 People’s Republic of China
| | - Daxing Xie
- Molecular Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Av., Wuhan, Hubei 430030 People’s Republic of China
- Department of Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Av., Wuhan, Hubei 430030 People’s Republic of China
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Shibata M, Ham K, Hoque MO. A time for YAP1: Tumorigenesis, immunosuppression and targeted therapy. Int J Cancer 2018; 143:2133-2144. [PMID: 29696628 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
YAP1 is one of the most important effectors of the Hippo pathway and has crosstalk with other cancer promoting pathways. YAP1 contributes to cancer development in various ways that include promoting malignant phenotypes, expansion of cancer stem cells and drug resistance of cancer cells. Because pharmacologic or genetic inhibition of YAP1 suppresses tumor progression and increases the drug sensitivity, targeting YAP1 may open a fertile avenue for a novel therapeutic approach in relevant cancers. Recent enormous studies have established the efficacy of immunotherapy, and several immune checkpoint blockades are in clinical use or in the phase of development to treat various cancer types. Immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment (TME) induced by cancer cells, immune cells and associated stromal cells promotes tumor progression and causes drug resistance. Accumulated evidences of scientific efforts from the last few years suggest that YAP1 influences macrophages, myeloid-derived suppressor cells and regulatory T-cells to facilitate immunosuppressive TME. Although the underlying mechanisms is not clearly discerned, it is evident that YAP1 activating pathways in different cellular components induce immunosuppressive TME. In this review, we summarize the evidences involved in the dual roles of YAP1 in cancer development and immunosuppression in the TME. We also discuss the possibility of YAP1 as a novel therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Shibata
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Kendall Ham
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Mohammad Obaidul Hoque
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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56
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Song GQ, Zhao Y. MAC30 knockdown involved in the activation of the Hippo signaling pathway in breast cancer cells. Biol Chem 2018; 399:1305-1311. [PMID: 29990302 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2018-0250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Down-regulation of the meningioma-associated protein (MAC30) gene has been found in many solid cancers. This study was carried out to determine the roles and the mechanisms of MAC30 in breast cancer. We used our own data and a public database to analyze the MAC30 mRNA and protein levels in breast cancer tissues. In addition, we established MAC30 knockdown breast cancer cells using MAC30 siRNA. The roles of MAC30 were detected by using the Soft agar assay, Annexin-V-FITC/PI double staining and the Transwell assay. Western blotting was used to analyze the potential mechanism(s) of MAC30 in these cells. We found that MAC30 mRNA and protein were higher in the cancer tissues compared to the matched normal tissues. MAC30 expression was associated with tumor size, tumor differentiation and estrogen receptor (ER) status. Overall survival rate of the patients with low MAC30 expression was obviously higher than the ones with high expression. The apoptotic ratio was lower in MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-157 cells with MAC30 expression. By Western blot analysis, we found that increased levels of phosphorylated YAP1, MST1 and LATS1 after MAC30 siRNA transfection in these two cells. In summary, we demonstrate that MAC30 knockdown is involved in the activation of the Hippo signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Qing Song
- Department of Breast Surgery , Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District , Shenyang, Liaoning 110004 , P.R. China
| | - Yi Zhao
- Department of Breast Surgery , Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District , Shenyang, Liaoning 110004 , P.R. China
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Mussell AL, Denson KE, Shen H, Chen Y, Yang N, Frangou C, Zhang J. Loss of KIBRA function activates EGFR signaling by inducing AREG. Oncotarget 2018; 9:29975-29984. [PMID: 30042827 PMCID: PMC6057453 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hippo signaling pathway is a central regulator of organ size, tissue homeostasis, and tumorigenesis. KIBRA is a member of the WW domain-containing protein family and has recently been reported to be an upstream protein in the Hippo signaling pathway. However, the clinical significance of KIBRA deregulation and the underlying mechanisms by which KIBRA regulates breast cancer (BC) initiation and progression remain poorly understood. Here, we report that KIBRA knockdown in mammary epithelial cells induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and increased cell migration and tumorigenic potential. Mechanistically, we observed that inhibiting KIBRA induced growth factor-independent cell proliferation in 2D and 3D culture due to the secretion of amphiregulin (AREG), an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) ligand. Also, we show that AREG activation in KIBRA-knockdown cells depended on the transcriptional coactivator YAP1. Significantly, decreased expression of KIBRA is correlated with recurrence and reduced BC patient survival. In summary, this study elucidates the molecular events that underpin the role of KIBRA in BC. As a result, our work provides biological insight into the role of KIBRA as a critical regulator of YAP1-mediated oncogenic growth, and may have clinical potential for facilitating patient stratification and identifying novel therapeutic approaches for BC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley L Mussell
- Department of Cancer Genetics & Genomics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Kayla E Denson
- Department of Cancer Genetics & Genomics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA.,Current address: Frontier Science Foundation, Amherst, NY, USA
| | - He Shen
- Department of Cancer Genetics & Genomics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Yanmin Chen
- Department of Cancer Genetics & Genomics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Nuo Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jacobs School of Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Costa Frangou
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jianmin Zhang
- Department of Cancer Genetics & Genomics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
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Real SAS, Parveen F, Rehman AU, Khan MA, Deo SVS, Shukla NK, Husain SA. Aberrant Promoter Methylation of YAP Gene and its Subsequent Downregulation in Indian Breast Cancer Patients. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:711. [PMID: 29970036 PMCID: PMC6031145 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4627-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND YAP, a potent oncogene and major downstream effector of the mammalian Hippo tumor suppressor pathway can act as either oncogene or tumor suppressor gene based on the type of tissue involved. Despite various studies, the role and mechanism through which YAP mediates its tumor suppressor or oncogenic effects are not yet fully understood. Therefore in the present study we aimed to investigate YAP at DNA, mRNA and protein level and also attempted to correlate our molecular findings with various clinicopathological variables of the patients. METHODS The study comprised of a total 137 genetically unrelated women with sporadic breast cancer cases and normal adjacent tissues not infiltrated with tumor. Mutation of YAP gene was analyzed by automated DNA sequencing. YAP promoter methylation was studied using MS-PCR. Expression at mRNA and protein level was studied using qPCR and IHC respectively. RESULTS In our study YAP mRNA expression was found to be 8.65 ± 6.17 fold downregulated in 67.15% cases. The expression of YAP when analyzed at the protein level by IHC was found to be absent in 78.83% cases. Results from MS-PCR analysis showed that YAP promoter methylation plays an important role in declining the expression of YAP protein. The absence of YAP protein coincided with 86.60% methylated cases thereby showing a very strong correlation (p = 0.001). We also investigated YAP mutation at the major check point sites in the Hippo pathway and observed no mutation. A significant association was observed on correlating mRNA expression with clinical stages (p = 0.038) and protein expression with ER status (p = 0.018) among Indian breast cancer patients. CONCLUSION The expression of YAP was found to be downregulated in response to aberrant promoter methylation. The downregulation of YAP are consistent with previous studies suggesting it to have a tumor suppressive role in breast cancer. We did not observe any mutation at the major check point sites in the Hippo pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Farah Parveen
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Asad Ur Rehman
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | | | | | - Nootan Kumar Shukla
- Department of Surgical Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Science, New Delhi, 110608, India
| | - Syed Akhtar Husain
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India.
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Warren JSA, Xiao Y, Lamar JM. YAP/TAZ Activation as a Target for Treating Metastatic Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10040115. [PMID: 29642615 PMCID: PMC5923370 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10040115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Yes-Associated Protein (YAP) and Transcriptional Co-activator with PDZ-binding Motif (TAZ) have both emerged as important drivers of cancer progression and metastasis. YAP and TAZ are often upregulated or nuclear localized in aggressive human cancers. There is abundant experimental evidence demonstrating that YAP or TAZ activation promotes cancer formation, tumor progression, and metastasis. In this review we summarize the evidence linking YAP/TAZ activation to metastasis, and discuss the roles of YAP and TAZ during each step of the metastatic cascade. Collectively, this evidence strongly suggests that inappropriate YAP or TAZ activity plays a causal role in cancer, and that targeting aberrant YAP/TAZ activation is a promising strategy for the treatment of metastatic disease. To this end, we also discuss several potential strategies for inhibiting YAP/TAZ activation in cancer and the challenges each strategy poses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine S A Warren
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA.
| | - Yuxuan Xiao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA.
| | - John M Lamar
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA.
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60
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Cong B, Ohsawa S, Igaki T. JNK and Yorkie drive tumor progression by generating polyploid giant cells in Drosophila. Oncogene 2018. [DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0201-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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61
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Qiu X, Jiao J, Li Y, Tian T. Overexpression of FZD7 promotes glioma cell proliferation by upregulating TAZ. Oncotarget 2018; 7:85987-85999. [PMID: 27852064 PMCID: PMC5349891 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are the most prevalent type of primary brain tumors in adults, accounting for more than 40% of neoplasm in the central nervous system. Frizzled-7 (FZD7) is a seven-pass trans-membrane Wnt receptor that plays a critical role in the development of various tumors. In this study, we detected high-level FZD7 expression in glioma and its overexpression was associated with advanced tumor stage. In vitro functional assays showed that forced overexpression of FZD7 promoted proliferation of gliomas cells, whereas knockdown of endogenous FZD7 significantly suppressed proliferation ability of these cells. In a xenograft assay, FZD7 was also found to promote the growth of glioma cells. We further found that FZD7 could activate transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ), and TAZ was required for FZD7 to promote cell proliferation in glioma. Furthermore, the univariate analysis of survival shows that glioma patients with high FZD7 expression have a shorter survival. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that FZD7 may promote glioma cell proliferation via upregulation of TAZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Qiu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Medicine, Shangqiu Medical School, Shangqiu, Henan Province, China
| | - Jianguo Jiao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yidong Li
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian Tian
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
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62
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Di Benedetto A, Mottolese M, Sperati F, Ercolani C, Di Lauro L, Pizzuti L, Vici P, Terrenato I, Sperduti I, Shaaban AM, Sundara-Rajan S, Barba M, Speirs V, De Maria R, Maugeri-Saccà M. The Hippo transducers TAZ/YAP and their target CTGF in male breast cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 7:43188-43198. [PMID: 27248471 PMCID: PMC5190017 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Male breast cancer (MBC) is a rare disease and its biology is poorly understood. Deregulated Hippo pathway promotes oncogenic functions in female breast cancer. We herein investigated the expression of the Hippo transducers TAZ/YAP and their target CTGF in MBC. Tissue microarrays containing samples from 255 MBC patients were immunostained for TAZ, YAP and CTGF. One hundred and twenty-nine patients were considered eligible. The Pearson's Chi-squared test of independence was used to test the association between categorical variables. The correlation between TAZ, YAP and CTGF was assessed with the Pearson's correlation coefficient. The Kaplan-Meier method and the log-rank test were used for estimating and comparing survival curves. Cox proportional regression models were built to identify variables impacting overall survival. Statistical tests were two-sided. Tumors were considered to harbor active TAZ/YAP-driven gene transcription when they co-expressed TAZ, or YAP, and CTGF. Patients whose tumors had the TAZ/CTGF and YAP/CTGF phenotypes experienced shorter overall survival compared with their negative counterparts (log rank p = 0.036 for both). TAZ/CTGF and YAP/CTGF tumors were associated with decreased survival in patients with invasive ductal carcinomas, G3 tumors, hormone receptor-positive tumors, and tumors with elevated Ki-67. Multivariate analyses confirmed that the TAZ/CTGF and YAP/CTGF phenotypes are independent predictors of survival (HR 2.03, 95% CI: 1.06-3.90, p = 0.033; and HR 2.00, 95% CI: 1.04-3.84, p = 0.037 respectively). Comparable results were obtained when excluding uncommon histotypes (TAZ/CTGF: HR 2.34, 95% CI: 1.16-4.73, p = 0.018. YAP/CTGF. HR 2.36, 95% CI: 1.17-4.77, p = 0.017). Overall, the TAZ/YAP-driven oncogenic program may be active in MBC, conferring poorer survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Di Benedetto
- Department of Pathology, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Marcella Mottolese
- Department of Pathology, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Sperati
- Biostatistics-Scientific Direction, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristiana Ercolani
- Department of Pathology, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Di Lauro
- Division of Medical Oncology B, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Pizzuti
- Division of Medical Oncology B, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Patrizia Vici
- Division of Medical Oncology B, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Irene Terrenato
- Biostatistics-Scientific Direction, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Isabella Sperduti
- Biostatistics-Scientific Direction, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Abeer M Shaaban
- Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Maddalena Barba
- Division of Medical Oncology B, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy.,Scientific Direction, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Valerie Speirs
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Ruggero De Maria
- Scientific Direction, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Marcello Maugeri-Saccà
- Division of Medical Oncology B, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy.,Scientific Direction, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
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63
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Lin C, Xu X. YAP1-TEAD1-Glut1 axis dictates the oncogenic phenotypes of breast cancer cells by modulating glycolysis. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 95:789-794. [PMID: 28892790 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.08.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Altered energy metabolism is a universal property of most cancer cells. The Hippo signaling pathway and its principal downstream effector YAP1 are responsible for tissue homeostasis including organ size, cell proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation. Dysregulation of the Hippo pathway leads to the activation of YAP1 and further culminates in the development of multiple human cancers. In this study, by loss-of-function assay, we demonstrated that YAP1 contributed to the glycolytic phenotype of breast cancer cells. Knockdown of YAP1 inhibited the extracellular acidification rates, glucose consumption, and lactate production of breast cancer cells. Moreover, YAP1 interacted with TEAD1, exerted their transcriptional control of the functional target, glucose transporter 1 (Glut1). Overexpression of Glut1 restored the inhibitory effects of YAP1 knockdown on glycolysis as demonstrated by glucose consumption and lactate production. Suppression of glycolysis by deprivation of glucose largely compromised the oncogenic roles of YAP1 on cell proliferation, apoptosis, and invasive potential. Taken together, our data identify a novel role of YAP1-TEAD1 pathway in cancer energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunli Lin
- Department of Oncology, Shangqiu First people's Hospital, Shangqiu 476100, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Xiaofeng Xu
- Department of Obstetrics, Zhengzhou Yihe Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan Province, PR China.
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64
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Ercolani C, Di Benedetto A, Terrenato I, Pizzuti L, Di Lauro L, Sergi D, Sperati F, Buglioni S, Ramieri MT, Mentuccia L, Gamucci T, Perracchio L, Pescarmona E, Mottolese M, Barba M, Vici P, De Maria R, Maugeri-Saccà M. Expression of phosphorylated Hippo pathway kinases (MST1/2 and LATS1/2) in HER2-positive and triple-negative breast cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant therapy. Cancer Biol Ther 2017; 18:339-346. [PMID: 28387539 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2017.1312230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hippo kinases MST1/2 and LATS1/2 inhibit the oncoproteins TAZ/YAP and regulate T cell function. Hippo kinases also cooperate with the ATR-Chk1 and ATM-Chk2 pathways, central orchestrators of the DNA damage response (DDR). We hypothesized that MST1/2 and LATS1/2 localization differently impacts the efficacy of neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) in breast cancer, being protective when expressed in the cytoplasm of tumor cells and in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, whereas representing molecular determinants of chemoresistance when present in the nucleus as a consequence of their cooperation with the DDR. Diagnostic biopsies from 57 HER2-positive and triple-negative breast cancer patients treated with NAT were immunostained for evaluating the expression of phosphorylated MST1/2 (pMST1/2) and LATS1/2 (pLATS1/2) in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and in cancer cells. TAZ and Chk1 immunostaining was exploited for investigating subcellular compartment-dependent activity of Hippo kinases. Nuclear pMST1/2 (pMST1/2nuc) expression was significantly associated with nuclear expression of Chk1 (p = 0.046), whereas cytoplasmic pMST1/2 (pMST1/2cyt) expression was marginally associated with cytoplasmic TAZ staining (p = 0.053). Patients whose tumors expressed pMST1/2nuc were at increased risk of residual disease after NAT (pCR ypT0/is ypN0: OR 4.91, 95%CI: 1.57-15.30; pCR ypT0 ypN0: OR 3.59, 95%CI 1.14-11.34). Conversely, exclusive cytoplasmic localization of pMST1/2 (pMST1/2cyt)seemed to be a protective factor (pCR ypT0/is ypN0: OR 0.34, 95%CI: 0.11-1.00; pCR ypT0 ypN0: OR 0.31, 95%CI 0.10-0.93). The subcellular localization-dependent significance of pMST1/2 expression suggests their involvement in different molecular networks with opposite impact on NAT efficacy. Larger studies are warranted to confirm these novel findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana Ercolani
- a Department of Pathology , "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi , Rome , Italy
| | - Anna Di Benedetto
- a Department of Pathology , "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi , Rome , Italy
| | - Irene Terrenato
- b Biostatistics-Scientific Direction , "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute , Via Elio Chianes, Rome , Italy
| | - Laura Pizzuti
- c Division of Medical Oncology 2 , "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute , Via Elio Chianesi, Rome , Italy
| | - Luigi Di Lauro
- c Division of Medical Oncology 2 , "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute , Via Elio Chianesi, Rome , Italy
| | - Domenico Sergi
- c Division of Medical Oncology 2 , "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute , Via Elio Chianesi, Rome , Italy
| | - Francesca Sperati
- b Biostatistics-Scientific Direction , "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute , Via Elio Chianes, Rome , Italy
| | - Simonetta Buglioni
- a Department of Pathology , "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi , Rome , Italy
| | | | - Lucia Mentuccia
- e Medical Oncology Unit, ASL Frosinone , Frosinone, Via Armando Fabi , Frosinone , Italy
| | - Teresa Gamucci
- e Medical Oncology Unit, ASL Frosinone , Frosinone, Via Armando Fabi , Frosinone , Italy
| | - Letizia Perracchio
- a Department of Pathology , "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi , Rome , Italy
| | - Edoardo Pescarmona
- a Department of Pathology , "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi , Rome , Italy
| | - Marcella Mottolese
- a Department of Pathology , "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi , Rome , Italy
| | - Maddalena Barba
- c Division of Medical Oncology 2 , "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute , Via Elio Chianesi, Rome , Italy.,f Scientific Direction , "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi , Rome , Italy
| | - Patrizia Vici
- c Division of Medical Oncology 2 , "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute , Via Elio Chianesi, Rome , Italy
| | - Ruggero De Maria
- g Institute of General Pathology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Largo Agostino Gemelli , Rome , Italy
| | - Marcello Maugeri-Saccà
- c Division of Medical Oncology 2 , "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute , Via Elio Chianesi, Rome , Italy.,f Scientific Direction , "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi , Rome , Italy
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65
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Di Benedetto A, Mottolese M, Sperati F, Ercolani C, Di Lauro L, Pizzuti L, Vici P, Terrenato I, Shaaban AM, Humphries MP, Sundara-Rajan S, Barba M, Speirs V, De Maria R, Maugeri-Saccà M. Association between AXL, Hippo Transducers, and Survival Outcomes in Male Breast Cancer. J Cell Physiol 2017; 232:2246-2252. [PMID: 27987320 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Male breast cancer (MBC) is an uncommon malignancy. We have previously reported that the expression of the Hippo transducers TAZ/YAP and their target CTGF was associated with inferior survival in MBC patients. Preclinical evidence demonstrated that Axl is a transcriptional target of TAZ/YAP. Thus, we herein assessed AXL expression to further investigate the significance of active TAZ/YAP-driven transcription in MBC. For this study, 255 MBC samples represented in tissue microarrays were screened for AXL expression, and 116 patients were included. The association between categorical variables was verified by the Pearson's Chi-squared test of independence (2-tailed) or the Fisher Exact test. The relationship between continuous variables was tested with the Pearson's correlation coefficient. The Kaplan-Meier method was used for estimating survival curves, which were compared by log-rank test. Factors potentially impacting 10-year and overall survival were verified in Cox proportional regression models. AXL was positively associated with the TAZ/CTGF and YAP/CTGF phenotypes (P = 0.001 and P = 0.002, respectively). Patients with TAZ/CTGF/AXL- or YAP/CTGF/AXL-expressing tumors had inferior survival compared with non-triple-positive patients (log rank P = 0.042 and P = 0.048, respectively). The variables TAZ/CTGF/AXL and YAP/CTGF/AXL were adverse factors for 10-year survival in the multivariate Cox models (HR 2.31, 95%CI:1.02-5.22, P = 0.045, and HR 2.27, 95%CI:1.00-5.13, P = 0.050). Nearly comparable results were obtained from multivariate analyses of overall survival. The expression pattern of AXL corroborates the idea of the detrimental role of TAZ/YAP activation in MBC. Overall, Hippo-linked biomarkers deserve increased attention in this rare disease. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 2246-2252, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Di Benedetto
- Departmentof Pathology, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Marcella Mottolese
- Departmentof Pathology, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Sperati
- Biostatistics-Scientific Direction, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristiana Ercolani
- Departmentof Pathology, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Di Lauro
- Division of Medical Oncology 2, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Pizzuti
- Division of Medical Oncology 2, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Patrizia Vici
- Division of Medical Oncology 2, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Irene Terrenato
- Biostatistics-Scientific Direction, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Abeer M Shaaban
- Department of Histopathology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham and University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Matthew P Humphries
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Sreekumar Sundara-Rajan
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Maddalena Barba
- Division of Medical Oncology 2, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy.,Scientific Direction, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Valerie Speirs
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Ruggero De Maria
- Institute of General Pathology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Largo Agostino Gemelli, Rome, Lazio, Italy
| | - Marcello Maugeri-Saccà
- Division of Medical Oncology 2, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy.,Scientific Direction, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
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66
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Di Benedetto A, Mottolese M, Sperati F, Ercolani C, Di Lauro L, Pizzuti L, Vici P, Terrenato I, Shaaban AM, Sundara-Rajan S, Humphries MP, Barba M, Speirs V, De Maria R, Maugeri-Saccà M. HMG-CoAR expression in male breast cancer: relationship with hormone receptors, Hippo transducers and survival outcomes. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35121. [PMID: 27713571 PMCID: PMC5054365 DOI: 10.1038/srep35121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Male breast cancer (MBC) is a rare hormone-driven disease often associated with obesity. HMG-CoAR is the central enzyme of the mevalonate pathway, a molecular route deputed to produce cholesterol and steroid-based hormones. HMG-CoAR regulates the oncogenic Hippo transducers TAZ/YAP whose expression was previously associated with shorter survival in MBC. 225 MBC samples were immunostained for HMG-CoAR and 124 were considered eligible for exploring its relationship with hormone receptors (ER, PgR, AR), Hippo transducers and survival outcomes. HMG-CoAR was positively associated with the expression of hormone receptors (ER, PgR, AR) and Hippo transducers. Overall survival was longer in patients with HMG-CoAR-positive tumors compared with their negative counterparts (p = 0.031). Five- and 10-year survival outcomes were better in patients whose tumors expressed HMG-CoAR (p = 0.044 and p = 0.043). Uni- and multivariate analyses for 10-year survival suggested that HMG-CoAR expression is a protective factor (HR 0.50, 95% CI: 0.25–0.99, p = 0.048 and HR 0.53, 95% CI: 0.26–1.07, p = 0.078). Results were confirmed in a sensitivity analysis by excluding uncommon histotypes (multivariate Cox: HR 0.45, 95% CI: 0.21–0.97, p = 0.043). A positive relationship emerged between HMG-CoAR, hormone receptors and TAZ/YAP, suggesting a connection between the mevalonate pathway, the hormonal milieu and Hippo in MBC. Moreover, HMG-CoAR expression may be a favorable prognostic indicator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Di Benedetto
- Department of Pathology, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Marcella Mottolese
- Department of Pathology, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Sperati
- Biostatistics-Scientific Direction, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristiana Ercolani
- Department of Pathology, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Di Lauro
- Division of Medical Oncology B, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Pizzuti
- Division of Medical Oncology B, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Patrizia Vici
- Division of Medical Oncology B, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Irene Terrenato
- Biostatistics-Scientific Direction, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Abeer M Shaaban
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham and University of Birmingham, Department of Histopathology, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2GW, UK
| | - Sreekumar Sundara-Rajan
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Matthew P Humphries
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Maddalena Barba
- Division of Medical Oncology B, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy.,Scientific Direction, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Valerie Speirs
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Ruggero De Maria
- Institute of General Pathology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Largo Agostino Gemelli, 10, 00168, Rome
| | - Marcello Maugeri-Saccà
- Division of Medical Oncology B, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy.,Scientific Direction, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
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67
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Clinicopathological and prognostic significance of Yes-associated protein expression in hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:13499-13508. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5211-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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68
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Vici P, Ercolani C, Di Benedetto A, Pizzuti L, Di Lauro L, Sperati F, Terrenato I, Gamucci T, Natoli C, Di Filippo F, Botti C, Barba M, Mottolese M, De Maria R, Maugeri-Saccà M. Topographic expression of the Hippo transducers TAZ and YAP in triple-negative breast cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2016; 35:62. [PMID: 27039292 PMCID: PMC4818869 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-016-0338-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background The Hippo signaling acts as a tumor-suppressor pathway that negatively regulates TAZ and YAP. Increasing evidence supports the activation of TAZ and YAP in breast cancer. Moreover, the Hippo pathway is involved in the biology of non-neoplastic cells residing in the tumor microenvironment. On this basis, we herein assessed TAZ and YAP in triple-negative breast cancer and its surrounding microenvironemnt in order to investigate their impact on pathological complete response (pCR) and tumor recurrence. Methods Sixty-one triple-negative breast cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy were retrospectively evaluated. TAZ and YAP were assessed by immunohistochemistry and classified as positive or negative according to the percentage of tumor-expressing cells, cellular localization, and staining intensity. TAZ and YAP expression was also evaluated in non-lymphocytic stromal cells, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and endothelial cells. The Pearson’s Chi-squared test of independence was used to test the association between TAZ/YAP and clinical-molecular factors. A multivariate logistic regression model was generated to identify variables impacting pCR. The Kaplan-Meier method and the log-rank test were used for estimating and comparing survival curves. Cox proportional regression models were built to evaluate the risk of recurrence for the variables considered. Internal validation was carried out with a re-sampling without replacement method. Results We did not observe any impact on pCR rate when TAZ and YAP were addressed singularly. Conversely, the combined expression of YAP in tumor cells and non-lymphocytic stromal cells was an independent predictor of reduced pCR rate in the multivariate model (OR 7.13, 95 % CI: 1.23–41.41, p = 0.029). Next, the combined expression of TAZ and YAP was associated with shorter disease-free survival (DFS) in multivariate analysis (HR 3.07, 95 % CI: 1.24–7.61, p = 0.016). The robustness of these findings were internally validated. Conclusions The combined expression of YAP in TNBC cells and in the surrounding stroma seems to be associated with a decreased likelihood to achieve pCR. Conversely, the combined expression of TAZ and YAP in tumor cells conferred poor survival outcomes. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13046-016-0338-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Vici
- Division of Medical Oncology B, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristiana Ercolani
- Department of Pathology, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Di Benedetto
- Department of Pathology, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Pizzuti
- Division of Medical Oncology B, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Di Lauro
- Division of Medical Oncology B, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Sperati
- Biostatistics-Scientific Direction, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Irene Terrenato
- Biostatistics-Scientific Direction, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Clara Natoli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
| | - Franco Di Filippo
- Department of Surgery, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Botti
- Department of Surgery, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Maddalena Barba
- Division of Medical Oncology B, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy.,Scientific Direction, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Marcella Mottolese
- Department of Pathology, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Ruggero De Maria
- Scientific Direction, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy. .,Division of Medical Oncology B and Scientific Direction, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy.
| | - Marcello Maugeri-Saccà
- Division of Medical Oncology B, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy. .,Scientific Direction, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy. .,Division of Medical Oncology B and Scientific Direction, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy.
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Buglioni S, Vici P, Sergi D, Pizzuti L, Di Lauro L, Antoniani B, Sperati F, Terrenato I, Carosi M, Gamucci T, Vincenzoni C, Mariani L, Vizza E, Venuti A, Sanguineti G, Gadducci A, Barba M, Natoli C, Vitale I, Mottolese M, De Maria R, Maugeri-Saccà M. Analysis of the hippo transducers TAZ and YAP in cervical cancer and its microenvironment. Oncoimmunology 2016; 5:e1160187. [PMID: 27471633 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2016.1160187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hippo is a tumor-suppressor pathway that negatively regulates the oncoproteins TAZ and YAP. Moreover, Hippo affects the biology of a variety of non-neoplastic cells in the tumor microenvironment, even including immune cells. We herein assessed the predictive role of TAZ and YAP, assessed by immunohistochemistry, in 50 cervical cancer patients prevalently treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Tumors were classified as positive or negative according to the percentage of tumor-expressing cells and cellular localization. TAZ/YAP were also evaluated in non-neoplastic cells, namely endothelial cells, non-lymphocytic stromal cells and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). TAZ expression in cancer cells (TAZ(pos)) was associated with a reduced pathological complete response (pCR) rate (p = 0.041). Conversely, the expression of TAZ and YAP in TILs (TAZ(TIL+) and YAP(TIL+)) seemed to be associated with increased pCRs (p = 0.083 and p = 0.018, respectively). When testing the predictive significance of the concomitant expression of TAZ in cancer cells and its absence in TILs (TAZ(pos)/TAZ(TIL-)), patients with TAZ(pos)/TAZ(TIL-) showed lower pCR rate (p = 0.001), as confirmed in multivariate analysis (TAZ(pos)/TAZ(TIL-): OR 8.67, 95% CI: 2.31-32.52, p = 0.001). Sensitivity analysis carried out in the 41 patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy yielded comparable results (TAZ(pos)/TAZ(TIL-): OR 11.0, 95% CI: 2.42-49.91, p = 0.002). Internal validation carried out with two different procedures confirmed the robustness of this model. Overall, we found evidence on the association between TAZ expression in cervical cancer cells and reduced pCR rate. Conversely, the expression of the Hippo transducers in TILs may predict increased treatment efficacy, possibly mirroring the activation of a non-canonical Hippo/MST pathway necessary for T-cells activation and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simonetta Buglioni
- Department of Pathology, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute , Rome, Italy
| | - Patrizia Vici
- Division of Medical Oncology B, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute , Rome, Italy
| | - Domenico Sergi
- Division of Medical Oncology B, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute , Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Pizzuti
- Division of Medical Oncology B, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute , Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Di Lauro
- Division of Medical Oncology B, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute , Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Antoniani
- Department of Pathology, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute , Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Sperati
- Biostatistics-Scientific Direction, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute , Rome, Italy
| | - Irene Terrenato
- Biostatistics-Scientific Direction, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute , Rome, Italy
| | - Mariantonia Carosi
- Department of Pathology, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute , Rome, Italy
| | | | - Cristina Vincenzoni
- Department of Surgery, Gynecologic Oncology Unit, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute , Rome, Italy
| | - Luciano Mariani
- Department of Surgery, Gynecologic Oncology Unit, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy; HPV-UNIT, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Vizza
- Department of Surgery, Gynecologic Oncology Unit, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute , Rome, Italy
| | - Aldo Venuti
- HPV-UNIT, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute , Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Sanguineti
- Department of Radiotherapy, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute , Rome, Italy
| | - Angiolo Gadducci
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Division of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Pisa , Pisa, Italy
| | - Maddalena Barba
- Division of Medical Oncology B, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy; Scientific Direction, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Clara Natoli
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, and CeSi-MeT, "G. d'Annunzio" University , Chieti, Italy
| | - Ilio Vitale
- Scientific Direction, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy; Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Marcella Mottolese
- Department of Pathology, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute , Rome, Italy
| | - Ruggero De Maria
- Scientific Direction, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute , Rome, Italy
| | - Marcello Maugeri-Saccà
- Division of Medical Oncology B, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy; Scientific Direction, "Regina Elena" National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
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Maugeri-Saccà M, De Maria R. Hippo pathway and breast cancer stem cells. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2016; 99:115-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2015.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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