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Maurya SK, Rehman AU, Zaidi MAA, Khan P, Gautam SK, Santamaria-Barria JA, Siddiqui JA, Batra SK, Nasser MW. Epigenetic alterations fuel brain metastasis via regulating inflammatory cascade. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2024; 154:261-274. [PMID: 36379848 PMCID: PMC10198579 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Brain metastasis (BrM) is a major threat to the survival of melanoma, breast, and lung cancer patients. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and sustain in the brain microenvironment. Genetic mutations and epigenetic modifications have been found to be critical in controlling key aspects of cancer metastasis. Metastasizing cells confront inflammation and gradually adapt in the unique brain microenvironment. Currently, it is one of the major areas that has gained momentum. Researchers are interested in the factors that modulate neuroinflammation during BrM. We review here various epigenetic factors and mechanisms modulating neuroinflammation and how this helps CTCs to adapt and survive in the brain microenvironment. Since epigenetic changes could be modulated by targeting enzymes such as histone/DNA methyltransferase, deacetylases, acetyltransferases, and demethylases, we also summarize our current understanding of potential drugs targeting various aspects of epigenetic regulation in BrM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shailendra Kumar Maurya
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68108, USA
| | - Asad Ur Rehman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68108, USA
| | - Mohd Ali Abbas Zaidi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68108, USA
| | - Parvez Khan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68108, USA
| | - Shailendra K Gautam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68108, USA
| | | | - Jawed Akhtar Siddiqui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68108, USA; Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68108, USA
| | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68108, USA; Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68108, USA; Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Mohd Wasim Nasser
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68108, USA; Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68108, USA.
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Tran HQ, Ur Rehman A, Fioux P, Airoudj A, Vandamme T, Luchnikov V. Formation of a Controllable Diffusion Barrier Layer on the Surface of Polydimethylsiloxane Films by Infrared Laser Irradiation. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2024; 16:7983-7995. [PMID: 38290481 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c15073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Developing a diffusion barrier layer on material interfaces has potential applications in various fields such as in packaging materials, pharmaceuticals, chemical filtration, microelectronics, and medical devices. Although numerous physical and chemical methods have been proposed to generate the diffusion barrier layer, the complexity of fabrication techniques and the high manufacturing costs limit their practical utility. Here, we propose an innovative approach to fabricate the diffusion barrier layer by irradiating poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) with a mid-infrared (λ = 10.6 μm) CO2 laser. This process directly creates a diffusion barrier layer on the PDMS surface by forming a heavily cross-linked network in the polymer matrix. The optimal irradiation conditions were investigated by modulating the defocusing distance, laser power, and number of scanning passes. The barrier thickness can reach up to 70 μm as observed by the scanning electron microscope (SEM). The attenuated total reflectance (ATR), electron dispersive X-ray (EDX), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses collectively confirmed the formation of the SiOx structure on the modified surface based on the decreased methyl group signal and the increased oxygen/silicon ratio. The diffusion test with the model drugs (rhodamine B and donepezil) demonstrated that the modified surface exhibits effective diffusion barrier properties and the rate of drug diffusion through the modified barrier layer can be controlled by the optimization of the irradiation parameters. This novel approach provides the possibility to develop a controllable diffusion barrier layer in a biocompatible polymer with prospective applications in the fields of pharmaceuticals, packing materials, and medical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung Quoc Tran
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse, CNRS LRC 7361, 68057 Mulhouse, France
| | - Asad Ur Rehman
- INSERM, Regenerative Nanomedicine UMR 1260, Centre de Recherche en Biomédecine de Strasbourg (CRBS), Université de Strasbourg, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Philippe Fioux
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse, CNRS LRC 7361, 68057 Mulhouse, France
| | - Aissam Airoudj
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse, CNRS LRC 7361, 68057 Mulhouse, France
| | - Thierry Vandamme
- INSERM, Regenerative Nanomedicine UMR 1260, Centre de Recherche en Biomédecine de Strasbourg (CRBS), Université de Strasbourg, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Valeriy Luchnikov
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse, CNRS LRC 7361, 68057 Mulhouse, France
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Omo-Ogboi AC, Shirai S, Ur Rehman A, Ederhion JO, Buja M. A Rare Case of Disseminated Histoplasmosis With Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis Mimicking a Flare of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in a Middle-Aged Man: A Case Report. Cureus 2023; 15:e46068. [PMID: 37900471 PMCID: PMC10604590 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.46068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Disseminated histoplasmosis is a progressive granulomatous disease caused by Histoplasma capsulatum, which is an intracellular dimorphic fungus endemic to the Ohio and Mississippi River valleys in the United States. It is usually thought to be due to the failure of the activation of the T-cell-mediated immune response. Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare but potentially fatal condition, in which histiocytes and lymphocytes build up in and damage organs and other blood cells. We present a 37-year-old man with a past medical history of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) complicated by lupus nephritis on immunosuppressive therapy who presented to the emergency department with hypotension and was admitted for acute kidney injury. Prior to the presentation, he had persistent fever, myalgias, cough, mild shortness of breath, and back pain. Computed tomography (CT) chest shows "eggshell" calcification; microbiology evaluation of peripheral blood smear revealed intracellular organism, morphologically consistent with H. capsulatum; and urine histoplasmosis antigen test confirmed the diagnosis of histoplasmosis. HLH diagnosis was made clinically after "clinical and testing criteria" were evaluated. Despite further management, he developed coagulopathy and sepsis, which led to his death. At autopsy, we found organomegaly of the liver, spleen, and kidneys. Microscopically, these enlarged organs show old fibrotic granulomas and granulomatous inflammation with suspected fungal organisms. Gomori's methenamine silver special stain confirmed these fungal organisms to be consistent with Histoplasma species (3-5 micron budding yeasts). This case highlights that physicians should be aware of the diagnostic challenge that disseminated histoplasmosis with HLH could pose in a patient with SLE, especially in patients on immunosuppression. Failure to recognize the infection promptly could lead to grievous complications and possibly death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allen C Omo-Ogboi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, USA
| | - Sara Shirai
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, USA
| | - Asad Ur Rehman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, USA
| | - Joyce O Ederhion
- Department of Neuroscience and Immunology, University of Roehampton, London, GBR
| | - Maximilian Buja
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, USA
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Mahmood H, Rehman AU, Sabir I, Rauf A, Afthanorhan A, Nawal A. Does organizational justice facet matters in knowledge hiding? Heliyon 2023; 9:e18372. [PMID: 37529340 PMCID: PMC10388173 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
To address the gap of extant literature and to assess employees' in-role and innovative performance, a model was developed and tested through organizational justice facets- procedural, distributive, and interactional justice with knowledge hiding facets, well-being facets and professional commitment. The purpose of the present research is to inspect the role of justice facets in shaping knowledge hiding behavior through optimistic role of well-being toward employee performance with the remedial role of professional commitment under the shadow of Psychological Ownership Knowledge Theory (POKT) and Social Exchange Theory (SET). For that persistence, present research acknowledged the practices and connotations of knowledge hiding because limited research is prevailed on the contrasting influence of knowledge hiding practice. Data were collected through random sampling via dual-wave survey questionnaire from 613 employees working in Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia. Structural Equation Modeling was carried out through AMOS (24.0) and SPSS (25.0). Findings reveal that the association with in-role and innovative performance with justice is positively associated through well-being, and the relationship between knowledge hiding and job performance was also positively associated. This study argued that knowledge sharing reshapes knowledge hiding behavior that plays a negative role in organizational performance. This study suggested the notable contribution in the direction of organizational context of developing realm settings by revealing the predecessor character of knowledge hiding and endorses the organizational justice to persuade top management for in-role and innovative performance enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Irfan Sabir
- University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Rauf
- Faculty of Business and Management, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Asyraf Afthanorhan
- Operation Research & Management Sciences Research Group, Faculty of Business and Management, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Ayesha Nawal
- Faculty of Business and Management, University Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
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Ahmad A, Khan P, Rehman AU, Batra SK, Nasser MW. Immunotherapy: an emerging modality to checkmate brain metastasis. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:111. [PMID: 37454123 PMCID: PMC10349473 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01818-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The diagnosis of brain metastasis (BrM) has historically been a dooming diagnosis that is nothing less than a death sentence, with few treatment options for palliation or prolonging life. Among the few treatment options available, brain radiotherapy (RT) and surgical resection have been the backbone of therapy. Within the past couple of years, immunotherapy (IT), alone and in combination with traditional treatments, has emerged as a reckoning force to combat the spread of BrM and shrink tumor burden. This review compiles recent reports describing the potential role of IT in the treatment of BrM in various cancers. It also examines the impact of the tumor microenvironment of BrM on regulating the spread of cancer and the role IT can play in mitigating that spread. Lastly, this review also focuses on the future of IT and new clinical trials pushing the boundaries of IT in BrM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aatiya Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE-68198, USA
| | - Parvez Khan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE-68198, USA
| | - Asad Ur Rehman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE-68198, USA
| | - Surinder Kumar Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE-68198, USA
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE-68198, USA
| | - Mohd Wasim Nasser
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE-68198, USA.
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
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Khan P, Siddiqui JA, Maurya SK, Mirzapoiazova T, Kshirsagar PG, Venkata RC, Chaudhary S, Kanchan R, Perumal N, Fatima M, Khan MA, Rehman AU, Lakshmanan I, Mahapatra S, Kulkarni P, Ganti AK, Jain M, Salgia R, Batra SK, Nasser MW. Abstract 3760: MicroRNA-1 run down the growth and metastasis of small cell lung cancer. Cancer Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2023-3760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a highly aggressive and metastatic lung cancer subtype with universal relapse and poor prognosis. The lack of potential drug targets limits targeted therapies for SCLC patients. To track down the potential therapeutic molecules in SCLC, we performed micro-RNA sequencing from the serum samples of SCLC patients and compared with the bulk RNA-sequencing data from SCLC tumor tissues. A consistent downregulation of microRNA-1 (miR-1) was observed in the SCLC patient serum samples, cell lines, and tumor tissues compared to their matched normal control. Overexpression of miR-1 in SCLC cell lines decreased cell growth and oncogenic signaling. Metastatic studies using the intracardiac injection model of SCLC cell lines showed that miR-1 overexpression decreases distant organ metastasis. Interestingly, the loss of function studies using miR-1Zip/sponging showed increased tumorigenesis and metastasis in SCLC subcutaneous and intracardiac xenografts. Mechanistic investigations revealed the CXCR4/FOXM1/RRM2 axis as a unique downstream target of miR-1 in SCLC. We found that FOXM1 transcriptionally regulates the RRM2 expression by directly binding to its promoter site, and miR-1 modulates these interactions through CXCR4. The results of the present study provided a strong preclinical rationale that miR-1 has a high potential for developing innovative SCLC therapies.
Citation Format: Parvez Khan, Jawed A. Siddiqui, Shailendra Kumar Maurya, Tamara Mirzapoiazova, Prakash G. Kshirsagar, Ramakanth Chirravuri Venkata, Sanjib Chaudhary, Ranjana Kanchan, Naveenkumar Perumal, Mahek Fatima, Md Arafat Khan, Asad Ur Rehman, Imayavaramban Lakshmanan, Sidharth Mahapatra, Prakash Kulkarni, Apar Kishor Ganti, Maneesh Jain, Ravi Salgia, Surinder Kumar Batra, Mohd Wasim Nasser. MicroRNA-1 run down the growth and metastasis of small cell lung cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 3760.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvez Khan
- 1University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mahek Fatima
- 1University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Maneesh Jain
- 1University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Ravi Salgia
- 2City of Hope's Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA
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Khan P, Siddiqui JA, Kshirsagar PG, Venkata RC, Maurya SK, Mirzapoiazova T, Perumal N, Chaudhary S, Kanchan RK, Fatima M, Khan MA, Rehman AU, Lakshmanan I, Mahapatra S, Talmon GA, Kulkarni P, Ganti AK, Jain M, Salgia R, Batra SK, Nasser MW. MicroRNA-1 attenuates the growth and metastasis of small cell lung cancer through CXCR4/FOXM1/RRM2 axis. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:1. [PMID: 36597126 PMCID: PMC9811802 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-022-01695-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive lung cancer subtype that is associated with high recurrence and poor prognosis. Due to lack of potential drug targets, SCLC patients have few therapeutic options. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) provide an interesting repertoire of therapeutic molecules; however, the identification of miRNAs regulating SCLC growth and metastasis and their precise regulatory mechanisms are not well understood. METHODS To identify novel miRNAs regulating SCLC, we performed miRNA-sequencing from donor/patient serum samples and analyzed the bulk RNA-sequencing data from the tumors of SCLC patients. Further, we developed a nanotechnology-based, highly sensitive method to detect microRNA-1 (miR-1, identified miRNA) in patient serum samples and SCLC cell lines. To assess the therapeutic potential of miR-1, we developed various in vitro models, including miR-1 sponge (miR-1Zip) and DOX-On-miR-1 (Tet-ON) inducible stable overexpression systems. Mouse models derived from intracardiac injection of SCLC cells (miR-1Zip and DOX-On-miR-1) were established to delineate the role of miR-1 in SCLC metastasis. In situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry were used to analyze the expression of miR-1 and target proteins (mouse and human tumor specimens), respectively. Dual-luciferase assay was used to validate the target of miR-1, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay was used to investigate the protein-gene interactions. RESULTS A consistent downregulation of miR-1 was observed in tumor tissues and serum samples of SCLC patients compared to their matched normal controls, and these results were recapitulated in SCLC cell lines. Gain of function studies of miR-1 in SCLC cell lines showed decreased cell growth and oncogenic signaling, whereas loss of function studies of miR-1 rescued this effect. Intracardiac injection of gain of function of miR-1 SCLC cell lines in the mouse models showed a decrease in distant organ metastasis, whereas loss of function of miR-1 potentiated growth and metastasis. Mechanistic studies revealed that CXCR4 is a direct target of miR-1 in SCLC. Using unbiased transcriptomic analysis, we identified CXCR4/FOXM1/RRM2 as a unique axis that regulates SCLC growth and metastasis. Our results further showed that FOXM1 directly binds to the RRM2 promoter and regulates its activity in SCLC. CONCLUSIONS Our findings revealed that miR-1 is a critical regulator for decreasing SCLC growth and metastasis. It targets the CXCR4/FOXM1/RRM2 axis and has a high potential for the development of novel SCLC therapies. MicroRNA-1 (miR-1) downregulation in the tumor tissues and serum samples of SCLC patients is an important hallmark of tumor growth and metastasis. The introduction of miR-1 in SCLC cell lines decreases cell growth and metastasis. Mechanistically, miR-1 directly targets CXCR4, which further prevents FOXM1 binding to the RRM2 promoter and decreases SCLC growth and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvez Khan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Jawed Akhtar Siddiqui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Prakash G Kshirsagar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | | | - Shailendra Kumar Maurya
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Tamara Mirzapoiazova
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Naveenkumar Perumal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Sanjib Chaudhary
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Ranjana Kumari Kanchan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Mahek Fatima
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Md Arafat Khan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Asad Ur Rehman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Imayavaramban Lakshmanan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Sidharth Mahapatra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Geoffrey A Talmon
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Prakash Kulkarni
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Apar K Ganti
- Division of Oncology-Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, VA-Nebraska Western Iowa Health Care System, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Maneesh Jain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Ravi Salgia
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Surinder Kumar Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Mohd Wasim Nasser
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
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Maurya SK, Khan P, Rehman AU, Kanchan RK, Perumal N, Mahapatra S, Chand HS, Santamaria-Barria JA, Batra SK, Nasser MW. Rethinking the chemokine cascade in brain metastasis: Preventive and therapeutic implications. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:914-930. [PMID: 34968667 PMCID: PMC9234104 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Brain metastasis (BrM) is one of the major causes of death in cancer patients and is associated with an estimated 10-40 % of total cancer cases. The survival rate of brain metastatic patients has not improved due to intratumor heterogeneity, the survival adaptations of brain homing metastatic cells, and the lack of understanding of underlying molecular mechanisms that limit the availability of effective therapies. The heterogeneous population of immune cells and tumor-initiating cells or cancer stem cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) release various factors, such as chemokines that upon binding to their cognate receptors enhance tumor growth at primary sites and help tumor cells metastasize to the brain. Furthermore, brain metastatic sites have unique heterogeneous microenvironment that fuels cancer cells in establishing BrM. This review explores the crosstalk of chemokines with the heterogeneous TME during the progression of BrM and recognizes potential therapeutic approaches. We also discuss and summarize different targeted, immunotherapeutic, chemotherapeutic, and combinatorial strategies (with chemo-/immune- or targeted-therapies) to attenuate chemokines mediated BrM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shailendra Kumar Maurya
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68108, USA
| | - Parvez Khan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68108, USA
| | - Asad Ur Rehman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68108, USA
| | - Ranjana K Kanchan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68108, USA
| | - Naveenkumar Perumal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68108, USA
| | - Sidharth Mahapatra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68108, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68108, USA; Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68108, USA
| | - Hitendra S Chand
- Department of Immunology and Nanomedicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | | | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68108, USA; Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68108, USA; Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68108, USA
| | - Mohd Wasim Nasser
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68108, USA; Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68108, USA.
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Khalid A, Ur Rehman A, Baig A, Ahsan W, Assir MZK. Concurrent Typhoid Fever and Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever: A Case Report. Cureus 2022; 14:e28600. [PMID: 36185892 PMCID: PMC9521295 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.28600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus can co-infect with a number of viruses, bacteria, and parasites of which dengue malaria co-infection is most well-known. We report a rare case of dengue virus co-infection with typhoid fever and the development of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) during a dengue outbreak. The second spike of high-grade fever following initial defervescence with antibiotic therapy, hemorrhagic manifestations, new onset leucopenia and thrombocytopenia, and evidence of plasma leakage raised suspicion of DHF. Diagnosis of dengue co-infection was made by seroconversion for anti-dengue immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) on the seventh day of new-onset fever. Early recognition and judicious use of fluid therapy prevented the patient from developing shock and its complications. Prompt diagnosis, early recognition of plasma leakage, and appropriate management of DHF can reduce morbidity and mortality.
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Nawal A, Shoaib M, Zámečník R, Rehman AU. Effects of Occupational Stress, Self-Efficacy and Mental Health During the Pandemic on Hospital Sanitation Workers in Malaysia. Eval Health Prof 2022; 45:313-324. [PMID: 35794858 DOI: 10.1177/01632787221112079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 rapidly spread across the world, constituting a public health disaster unlike any other experienced in decades. The impact exerted on workplaces and their employees was dramatic, and an immense burden fell on healthcare provision globally. Along with "front-line" healthcare staff, sanitation workers at hospitals also had to cope with additional workloads, making them vulnerable to psychological trauma and affecting their quality of life at establishments. This study investigated how the factors of occupational stress, self-efficacy (belief in the capacity to carry out a task well) and mental health altered the WRQoL (Work-Related Quality of Life) of employees carrying out sanitation duties at hospitals in Malaysia. To this end, a survey translated into the Malay language was conducted among 449 such workers during a so-called "recovery movement control order", i.e. quarantine and control measures pertaining to an outbreak of Coronavirus disease. Research involved co-variance-based structural equation modeling, performed in IBM-AMOS-26 software, in order to discern the causal relationship of the aforementioned factors on WRQoL. Results revealed a high level of occupational stress, diminished self-efficacy and poor mental health among the employees surveyed. Such stress directly impacted the WRQoL of the second factor alongside an indirect effect on that of the third, i.e. anxiety stemming from potentially catching the virus and the experience of having to disinfect facilities for treating patients, undertake cleaning duties, and move corpses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Nawal
- Faculty of Business and Management, 566531Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Shoaib
- Faculty of Management and Economics, Department of Business Administration, 463342Tomas Bata University in Zlíln, Zlín, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Zámečník
- Faculty of Management and Economics, Department of Business Administration, 463342Tomas Bata University in Zlíln, Zlín, Czech Republic
| | - Asad Ur Rehman
- Faculty of Business and Management, 566531Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
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Khan P, Siddiqui JA, Maurya SK, Mirzapoiazova T, Kanchan R, Venkata RC, Atri P, Tang W, Perumal N, Kshirsagar P, Fatima M, Khan MA, Chaudhary S, Rehman AU, Lakshmanan I, Mahapatra S, Kulkarni P, Ganti AK, Jain M, Oupicky D, Salgia R, Batra SK, Nasser MW. Abstract 1489: MicroRNA-1 targets CXCR4/FOXM1/RRM2 axis regulating small cell lung cancer growth and metastasis. Cancer Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-1489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a high-grade neuroendocrine metastatic lung cancer subtype having a universal relapse and poor prognosis. Limited or extensive-stage SCLC patients have limited therapeutic options due to a lack of potential drug targets. In the quest for novel therapeutic molecules, we performed micro-RNA sequencing from the serum samples and also analyzed bulk RNA-sequencing data from tumors of SCLC patients. We found a consistent downregulation of miR-1 in SCLC. These results were recapitulated in SCLC cell lines and tumor tissues compared to their matched normal. To assess the therapeutic potential of miR-1, we overexpressed miR-1 in SCLC cell lines that translated into decreased cell growth and oncogenic signaling. Mechanistic studies revealed that CXCR4 is a direct target for miR-1 in SCLC. Intracardiac injection of SCLC cell lines in the mouse models showed that overexpression of miR-1 decreases the distant organ metastasis, whereas miR-1 sponging potentiates aggressiveness and metastasis. Furthermore, we identified FOXM1-RRM2 as a unique downstream target of the miR-1/CXCR4 axis involved in the growth and metastasis of SCLC. Our results showed that FOXM1 directly binds to the promoter site of RRM2 and regulates its activity. Overexpression of miR-1 decreases the expression and activity of FOXM1-RRM2 through CXCR4 that reduces cell growth and metastasis. Taken together, our results suggest that miR-1 decreases SCLC metastasis by targeting the CXCR4/FOXM1-RRM2 axis and has a high potential for the development of novel SCLC therapies.
Citation Format: Parvez Khan, Jawed A. Siddiqui, Shailendra Kumar Maurya, Tamara Mirzapoiazova, Ranjana Kanchan, Ramakanth Chirravuri Venkata, Pranita Atri, Wemin Tang, NaveenKumar Perumal, Prakash Kshirsagar, Mahek Fatima, Md Arafat Khan, Sanjib Chaudhary, Asad Ur Rehman, Imayavaramban Lakshmanan, Sidharth Mahapatra, Prakash Kulkarni, Apar Kishor Ganti, Maneesh Jain, David Oupicky, Ravi Salgia, Surinder Kumar Batra, Mohd Wasim Nasser. MicroRNA-1 targets CXCR4/FOXM1/RRM2 axis regulating small cell lung cancer growth and metastasis [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 1489.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvez Khan
- 1University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Pranita Atri
- 1University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Wemin Tang
- 1University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | | | | | - Mahek Fatima
- 1University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Maneesh Jain
- 1University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | | | - Ravi Salgia
- 2City of Hope's Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA
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12
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Saddique J, Ghaffar M, Shabbir MR, Khalid A, Rehman AU, Osama M, Adil A. Platelet Transfusion and Tranexamic Acid in the Treatment of Bleeding in Dengue Fever. JPRI 2022. [DOI: 10.9734/jpri/2022/v34i39b36248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Objective: We conducted this study to investigate the effectiveness of platelet transfusion and/or intravenous tranexamic acid in the treatment of clinical bleeding in patients with dengue fever at a tertiary care hospital during a large outbreak (August and November, 2011) of dengue fever in Lahore, Pakistan.
Methods: We reviewed data of patients with clinical bleeding and confirmed dengue fever at Jinnah Hospital Lahore, Pakistan. Based on the treatment, patients were classified into four groups: Baseline characteristics of patients and site and grade of bleeding were documented. A comparison of time to cessation of bleeding across four groups was made.
Results: Out of 100 selected patients with clinical bleeding, 65 were male and median age was 28 years (range 13-80). There were 47 patients in group A, 12 in group B, 9 in group C, and 32 in group D. 75 patients had bleeding from a single site while 24 patients had bleeding from 2 different sites and 1 patient had bleeding from 3 sites. Median time from the initiation of treatment till the cessation of bleeding was not significantly difference across four groups (p value = 0.724, Kruskal-Wallis test). Adverse effects included abdominal pain in group A and pruritus in group A and C.
Conclusion: Platelet transfusion and/or tranexamic acid do not provide significant benefit over standard of care treatment in patients with clinical bleeding in dengue fever and may be associated with adverse outcome.
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13
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Mahmood H, Rehman AU, Sabir I, Rauf A, Afthanorhan A, Nawal A. Restaurant Diners' Switching Behavior During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Protection Motivation Theory. Front Psychol 2022; 13:833627. [PMID: 35693527 PMCID: PMC9186519 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.833627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The unsettling fear of COVID-19 infections has caused a new trend in consumer behavior in the food and beverage industry. The unprecedented COVID-19 pandemic has shifted consumers' preferences from eat-in to online delivery. This research aims to measure the impact of consumers' motivation to protect themselves from contracting COVID-19, which explains why people switch from eat-in to online food delivery. We adopted the theory of protection motivation (PMT) to explain consumer switching behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic. The present study investigated the mediating effect of switching intention on the relationship between vulnerability, altruistic fear, anticipated regret, and switching behavior. Simultaneously, we examined the role of brand awareness as a moderator of behavioral choices of consumers switching from eat-in to online delivery. We collected data from 681 eatery consumers in Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia, using scenario-based survey questionnaires (327 eat-in respondents and 354 online delivery respondents). Then, the data were analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM). This new generation analysis was conducted using the analysis of moment structure (AMOS) (v.24.0) and the statistical package for social science (SPSS-version 25.0). The results indicated that consumer vulnerability, altruistic fear, and anticipated regret of COVID-19 increased consumers' propensity to shift from eat-in to online food delivery. Allegedly, consumer behavioral control and intention of switching toward online delivery were pointedly affected by switching behavior. The results indicated that consumer vulnerability, altruistic fear, and anticipated regret of COVID-19 increased the shifting of restaurant dine-in patterns and made the intention to switch to online delivery. Consumers' alleged behavioral control and their intention of switching toward online delivery were pointedly affected by switching behavior. We also found that brand awareness moderately affects switching behavior toward restaurant settings. The present research contributes to developing the consumer behavior model of switching from eat-in to online delivery. This study also provides eatery customers and the business community with a safer and healthier proposition of shifting to online food delivery during the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Mahmood
- Faculty of Business and Management, Sultan Zainal Abidin University, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Asad Ur Rehman
- Faculty of Business and Management, Sultan Zainal Abidin University, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Irfan Sabir
- Faculty of Business and Management, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Rauf
- Faculty of Business and Management, Sultan Zainal Abidin University, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Asyraf Afthanorhan
- Faculty of Business and Management, Sultan Zainal Abidin University, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Ayesha Nawal
- Faculty of Business and Management, Sultan Zainal Abidin University, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia
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14
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Rehman AU, Khan P, Maurya SK, Siddiqui JA, Santamaria-Barria JA, Batra SK, Nasser MW. Liquid biopsies to occult brain metastasis. Mol Cancer 2022; 21:113. [PMID: 35538484 PMCID: PMC9088117 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-022-01577-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain metastasis (BrM) is a major problem associated with cancer-related mortality, and currently, no specific biomarkers are available in clinical settings for early detection. Liquid biopsy is widely accepted as a non-invasive method for diagnosing cancer and other diseases. We have reviewed the evidence that shows how the molecular alterations are involved in BrM, majorly from breast cancer (BC), lung cancer (LC), and melanoma, with an inception in how they can be employed for biomarker development. We discussed genetic and epigenetic changes that influence cancer cells to breach the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and help to establish metastatic lesions in the uniquely distinct brain microenvironment. Keeping abreast with the recent breakthroughs in the context of various biomolecules detections and identifications, the circulating tumor cells (CTC), cell-free nucleotides, non-coding RNAs, secretory proteins, and metabolites can be pursued in human body fluids such as blood, serum, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and urine to obtain potential candidates for biomarker development. The liquid biopsy-based biomarkers can overlay with current imaging techniques to amplify the signal viable for improving the early detection and treatments of occult BrM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asad Ur Rehman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68108, USA
| | - Parvez Khan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68108, USA
| | - Shailendra Kumar Maurya
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68108, USA
| | - Jawed A Siddiqui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68108, USA.,Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68108, USA
| | | | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68108, USA.,Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68108, USA.,Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE-68198, USA
| | - Mohd Wasim Nasser
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68108, USA. .,Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68108, USA.
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15
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Mahmood T, Kumar R, Rehman AU, Pongpanich S. International Remittances and Women's Reproductive Health Care: Evidence from Pakistan. Health Syst Reform 2022; 8:e2064792. [PMID: 35666262 DOI: 10.1080/23288604.2022.2064792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper determines the effect of international remittances on the healthcare utilization of childbearing mothers in Pakistan using the Pakistan Social and Living Standards Measurement (PSLM) survey, 2018-19. The study reports a significant and positive effect of international remittances on the healthcare outcomes of childbearing mothers. Importantly, the remittance-receiving households have 0.615, 0.208 and 0.306 times the odds of the non-receiving households, utilizing prenatal healthcare, postnatal healthcare, and healthcare decision making, respectively, and all of them are statistically significant. Consequently, the analysis confirms that remittance receiving-households do in fact influence and increase the likelihood of utilizing prenatal healthcare, postnatal healthcare and decisions about medical treatment for women. As regression-based estimation of remittances is prone to selection bias due to the nature of the non-experimental data set, we also used propensity score matching methods, which also confirmed a significant and positive effect of international remittances on healthcare outcomes of the childbearing mothers. Thus, financial support or social development programs by the government or non-governmental organization are pivotal in enhancing the healthcare outcomes and ultimately the living standards of childbearing mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahir Mahmood
- Department of Economics, University of Chitral, Seenlasht, Pakistan
| | - Ramesh Kumar
- Public Health Department, Health Services Academy, Islamabad, Pakistan.,College of Public Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Asad Ur Rehman
- Department of Economics, University of Chitral Seenlasht, Islamabad, Pakistan
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16
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Rehman AU, Busignies V, Coelho Silva Ribeiro M, Almeida Lage N, Tchoreloff P, Escriou V, Charrueau C. Fate of Tableted Freeze-Dried siRNA Lipoplexes in Gastrointestinal Environment. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13111807. [PMID: 34834222 PMCID: PMC8622262 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13111807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The incorporation of siRNA into nanocarriers is mandatory to facilitate its intracellular delivery, as siRNA itself cannot enter cells. However, the incorporation of these nanocarriers into oral, solid dosage forms and their fate in the gastrointestinal environment is yet to be explored. In the present work, the fate of, (i) naked siRNA, (ii) freshly prepared siRNA lipoplexes, and (iii) tableted siRNA lipoplexes, in simulated gastric and intestinal fluids was studied. The siRNA, either released from or protected within the lipoplexes, was quantified by gel electrophoresis and siRNA efficacy was assessed in cell transfection. The freshly prepared lipoplexes kept their siRNA load and transfection efficiency totally preserved during 1 h of incubation in simulated gastric fluid at 37 °C. However, in simulated intestinal fluid, despite no release of siRNA from lipoplexes after 6 h of incubation, gene silencing efficacy was dramatically decreased even after 1 h of exposure. The lipoplexes obtained from tablets efficiently protected siRNA in simulated gastric fluid, thus preserving the gene silencing efficacy, whereas their incubation in simulated intestinal fluid resulted in a marked siRNA release and decreased gene silencing efficacy. These results provided a detailed explanation for understanding the fate of siRNA in gastrointestinal conditions, when simply loaded in lipoplexes or formulated in the form of tablets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asad Ur Rehman
- Université de Paris, CNRS, INSERM, UTCBS, F-75006 Paris, France; (A.U.R.); (M.C.S.R.); (N.A.L.); (V.E.)
| | - Virginie Busignies
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Arts et Metiers Institute of Technology, Bordeaux INP, INRAE, I2M Bordeaux, F-33400 Talence, France; (V.B.); (P.T.)
| | - Marcela Coelho Silva Ribeiro
- Université de Paris, CNRS, INSERM, UTCBS, F-75006 Paris, France; (A.U.R.); (M.C.S.R.); (N.A.L.); (V.E.)
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Nayara Almeida Lage
- Université de Paris, CNRS, INSERM, UTCBS, F-75006 Paris, France; (A.U.R.); (M.C.S.R.); (N.A.L.); (V.E.)
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Pierre Tchoreloff
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Arts et Metiers Institute of Technology, Bordeaux INP, INRAE, I2M Bordeaux, F-33400 Talence, France; (V.B.); (P.T.)
| | - Virginie Escriou
- Université de Paris, CNRS, INSERM, UTCBS, F-75006 Paris, France; (A.U.R.); (M.C.S.R.); (N.A.L.); (V.E.)
| | - Christine Charrueau
- Université de Paris, CNRS, INSERM, UTCBS, F-75006 Paris, France; (A.U.R.); (M.C.S.R.); (N.A.L.); (V.E.)
- Correspondence:
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17
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Nawaz Z, Shafique M, Zahoor MA, Siddique AB, Ali S, Arshad R, Kausar S, Khan K, Asad M, Rehman AU, Masih I. Sero-epidemiology and risk factor analysis of human brucellosis in Punjab, Pakistan: a cross sectional study. Trop Biomed 2021; 38:413-419. [PMID: 34608115 DOI: 10.47665/tb.38.3.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Human brucellosis is a neglected zoonotic problem worldwide with a high degree of morbidity in humans and is mostly overlooked due to other febrile conditions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the sero-prevalence and risk factors of human brucellosis among subjects living in Punjab, Pakistan. In this cross-sectional study, human blood samples were collected from seven districts of Punjab, Pakistan. Information regarding personal data, demographic data and potential risk factors was collected through a structured questionnaire. Detection of anti-Brucella antibodies was done through Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) and Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Descriptive analysis, Chi square test and Odds ratio was applied using STATA software version 12. The sero-prevalence of human brucellosis was 13.13% with significantly higher percentage in males 17.23% and age group 25-40 years 16.50% (P=< 0.001). The demographic factors positively associated with human brucellosis were lack of education (P = 0.003; OR = 1.85) and farming as an occupation (P =<0.001; OR = 2.50) Similarly, among the risk factors studied, keeping animals at home (P =<0.001; OR = 2.03), slaughtering of animals (P =<0.001; OR = 15.87) and consuming raw milk (P =<0.001; OR = 5.42) were the factors strongly connected with human brucellosis. A massive awareness should be given to livestock farmers and individuals directly linked to animals regarding risk factors and transmission of brucellosis. Consumption of unpasteurized milk and its products should be condemned to curtail this neglected disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Nawaz
- Department of Microbiology, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - M Shafique
- Department of Microbiology, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - M A Zahoor
- Department of Microbiology, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - A B Siddique
- Department of Microbiology, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - S Ali
- Veterinary Research Institute, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - R Arshad
- University College of Conventional Medicine, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - S Kausar
- Department of Microbiology, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - K Khan
- DHQ Hospital, Bhakkar, Punjab Pakistan
| | - M Asad
- Department of Microbiology, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - A U Rehman
- Department of Microbiology, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - I Masih
- Department of Microbiology, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
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18
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Sabir I, Ali I, Majid MB, Sabir N, Mehmood H, Rehman AU, Nawaz F. Impact of perceived organizational support on employee performance in IT firms – a comparison among Pakistan and Saudi Arabia. IJOA 2021. [DOI: 10.1108/ijoa-10-2019-1914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the influence of perceived organizational support on employees’ performance in information technology (IT) firms in Pakistan and Saudi Arabia. Organizational support is critical as it ensures support given by the organization to workers and to complete one’s job proficiently and effectively.
Design/methodology/approach
Data were collected from IT firm employees through a self-administered questionnaire survey where a total of 400 questionnaires were distributed, i.e. 200 in each country’s IT firms. A total of 383 completed questionnaires were received (190 from Pakistan and the remaining 183 from Saudi Arabia) representing a response rate of 95%. The hypothesis was tested using confirmatory factor analyzes and direct relations were confirmed using AMOS v24.
Findings
The results indicate that perceived organizational support and affective commitment have a significant positive impact on employee performance. Findings of the study show that perceived organizational support and affective commitment directly and significantly correlated (r = 0.439**; p < 0.05) (r = 0.489**; p < 0.05) with employee performance. On other hand, results of structural equation modeling indicate that perceived organizational support and affective commitment have a significant and positive impact (ß = 0.284; p < 0.01) and (ß = 0.370; p < 0.01) on employees’ performance. Moreover, affective commitment partially mediates the relationship between perceived organizational support and employee performance.
Research limitations/implications
The outcomes are not generalized, as the researcher analyzed working employees in the IT firms in Saudi Arabia and Pakistan. The relationship between perceived organizational support and employees’ performance may be checked in a longitudinal study. If all items are considered because of the ambiguity of human feeling and acknowledgment, it is hard to precisely assess employees’ performance and their needs. This research proposes a straightforward and handy model that supports managers to feature the most powerful factors in building up their employees’ performance.
Originality/value
This study proposes managers to give chances to proficient advancement, improved occupation and satisfying the necessities identified through deference, mindfulness and endorsement. Furthermore, they ought to make more good working conditions, for example, preparing chances to support workers in their wants for self-improvement and accomplishment. The research additionally recommends recording the unmistakable standard operation procedure to clarify the understanding of the employees. In addition, managers ought to invest sensible energy with their front-line employees through socialization and training. These efforts could limit fatigue work, enhance organizational duty and performance.
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Iqbal MA, Siddiqui S, Ur Rehman A, Siddiqui FA, Singh P, Kumar B, Saluja D. Multiomics integrative analysis reveals antagonistic roles of CBX2 and CBX7 in metabolic reprogramming of breast cancer. Mol Oncol 2021; 15:1450-1465. [PMID: 33400401 PMCID: PMC8096797 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Striking similarity exists between metabolic changes associated with embryogenesis and tumorigenesis. Chromobox proteins‐CBX2/4/6/7/8, core components of canonical polycomb repressor complex 1, play essential roles in embryonic development and aberrantly expressed in breast cancer. Understanding how altered CBX expression relates to metabolic reprogramming in breast cancer may reveal vulnerabilities of therapeutic pertinence. Using transcriptomic and metabolomic data from breast cancer patients (N > 3000 combined), we performed pathway‐based analysis and identified outstanding roles of CBX2 and CBX7 in positive and negative regulation of glucose metabolism, respectively. Genetic ablation experiments validated the contrasting roles of two isoforms in cancer metabolism and cell growth. Furthermore, we provide evidence for the role of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 signaling in mediating contrary effects of CBX2 and CBX7 on breast cancer metabolism. Underpinning the biological significance of metabolic roles, CBX2 and CBX7 were found to be the most up‐ and downregulated isoforms, respectively, in breast tumors compared with normal tissues. Moreover, CBX2 and CBX7 expression (not other isoforms) correlated strongly, but oppositely, with breast tumor subtype aggressiveness and the proliferation markers. Consistently, genomic data also showed higher amplification frequency of CBX2, not CBX7, in breast tumors. Highlighting the clinical significance of findings, disease‐specific survival and drug sensitivity analysis revealed that CBX2 and CBX7 predicted patient outcome and sensitivity to FDA‐approved/investigational drugs. In summary, this work identifies novel cross talk between CBX2/7 and breast tumor metabolism, and the results presented may have implications in strategies targeting breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Askandar Iqbal
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi, India
| | - Shumaila Siddiqui
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi, India
| | - Asad Ur Rehman
- Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, India
| | - Farid Ahmad Siddiqui
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi, India.,Turku Centre for Biotechnology, BioCity, University of Turku and Abo Akademi, Finland
| | - Prithvi Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi, India.,Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi, India
| | - Bhupender Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Home Economics, University of Delhi, India
| | - Daman Saluja
- Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, India
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20
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Belcastro E, Rehman AU, Remila L, Park SH, Gong DS, Anton N, Auger C, Lefebvre O, Goetz JG, Collot M, Klymchenko AS, Vandamme TF, Schini-Kerth VB. Fluorescent nanocarriers targeting VCAM-1 for early detection of senescent endothelial cells. Nanomedicine 2021; 34:102379. [PMID: 33713860 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2021.102379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial senescence has been identified as an early event in the development of endothelial dysfunction, a hallmark of cardiovascular disease. This study developed theranostic nanocarriers (NC) decorated with VCAM-1 antibodies (NC-VCAM-1) in order to target cell surface VCAM-1, which is overexpressed in senescent endothelial cells (ECs) for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Incubation of Ang II-induced premature senescent ECs or replicative senescent ECs with NC-VCAM-1 loaded with lipophilic fluorescent dyes showed higher fluorescence signals than healthy EC, which was dependent on the NC size and VCAM-1 antibodies concentration, and not observed following masking of VCAM-1. NC loaded with omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (NC-EPA:DHA6:1) were more effective than native EPA:DHA 6:1 to prevent Ang II-induced VCAM-1 and p53 upregulation, and SA-β-galactosidase activity in coronary artery segments. These theranostic NC might be of interest to evaluate the extent and localization of endothelial senescence and to prevent pro-senescent endothelial responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Belcastro
- INSERM (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research), UMR 1260, Regenerative Nanomedicine, Faculty of Pharmacy
| | - Asad Ur Rehman
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, CAMB UMR 7199, Strasbourg, France
| | - Lamia Remila
- INSERM (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research), UMR 1260, Regenerative Nanomedicine, Faculty of Pharmacy
| | - Sin-Hee Park
- INSERM (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research), UMR 1260, Regenerative Nanomedicine, Faculty of Pharmacy
| | - Dal Seong Gong
- INSERM (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research), UMR 1260, Regenerative Nanomedicine, Faculty of Pharmacy
| | - Nicolas Anton
- INSERM (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research), UMR 1260, Regenerative Nanomedicine, Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Strasbourg, CNRS, CAMB UMR 7199, Strasbourg, France
| | - Cyril Auger
- INSERM (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research), UMR 1260, Regenerative Nanomedicine, Faculty of Pharmacy
| | | | | | - Mayeul Collot
- CNRS UMR 7213, Laboratory of Biophotonics and Pharmacology, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Andrey S Klymchenko
- CNRS UMR 7213, Laboratory of Biophotonics and Pharmacology, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Thierry F Vandamme
- INSERM (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research), UMR 1260, Regenerative Nanomedicine, Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Strasbourg, CNRS, CAMB UMR 7199, Strasbourg, France
| | - Valérie B Schini-Kerth
- INSERM (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research), UMR 1260, Regenerative Nanomedicine, Faculty of Pharmacy.
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21
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Rehman AU, Anton N, Bou S, Schild J, Messaddeq N, Vandamme T, Akram S, Klymchenko A, Collot M. Tunable functionalization of nano-emulsions using amphiphilic polymers. Soft Matter 2021; 17:1788-1795. [PMID: 33398307 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm01952f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nano-emulsions are defined as stable oil droplets sizing below 300 nm. Their singular particularity lies in the loading capabilities of their oily core, much higher than other kinds of carrier. On the other hand, functionalizing the dynamic oil/water interface, to date, has remained a challenge. To ensure the best anchoring of the reactive functions onto the surface of the droplets, we have designed specific amphiphilic polymers (APs) based on poly(maleic anhydride-alt-1-octadecene), stabilizing the nano-emulsions instead of surfactants. Aliphatic C18 chains of the APs are anchored in the droplet core, while the hydrophilic parts of the APs are poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) chains. In addition, PEG chains are terminated with reactive (i) azide functions in order to prove the concept of the droplet decoration with clickable rhodamine (Rh-DBCO, specifically synthesized for this study), or (ii) biotin functions to verify the potential droplet functionalization with fluorescent streptavidin (streptavidin-AF-488). This study describes AP synthesis, physico-chemical characterization of the functional droplets (electron microscopy), and finally fluorescence labeling and droplet decoration. To conclude, these APs constitute an interesting solution for the stable functionalization of nano-emulsion droplets, paving a new way for the applications of nano-emulsions in targeting drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asad Ur Rehman
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, CAMB UMR 7199, F-67000 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Nicolas Anton
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, CAMB UMR 7199, F-67000 Strasbourg, France. and INSERM (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research), UMR 1260, Regenerative Nanomedicine (RNM), FMTS, Université de Strasbourg, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Sophie Bou
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, LPB 7021, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Jérémy Schild
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, LPB 7021, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Nadia Messaddeq
- Université de Strasbourg, IGBMC, Inserm U1258, CNRS UMR7104, F-67000 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Thierry Vandamme
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, CAMB UMR 7199, F-67000 Strasbourg, France. and INSERM (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research), UMR 1260, Regenerative Nanomedicine (RNM), FMTS, Université de Strasbourg, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Salman Akram
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, CAMB UMR 7199, F-67000 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Andrey Klymchenko
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, LPB 7021, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Mayeul Collot
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, LPB 7021, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
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22
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Rehman AU, Iqbal MA, Sattar RSA, Saikia S, Kashif M, Ali WM, Medhi S, Saluja SS, Husain SA. Elevated expression of RUNX3 co-expressing with EZH2 in esophageal cancer patients from India. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:445. [PMID: 32943993 PMCID: PMC7488393 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01534-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Runt related transcription factor3 (RUNX3) is considered as a tumor suppressor gene (TSG) that functions through the TGF-β dependent apoptosis. Promoter methylation of the CpG islands of RUNX3 and overexpression of enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) has been suggested to downregulate RUNX3 in cancer. Methods Here, we studied the expression of RUNX3 and EZH2 in 58 esophageal tumors along with paired adjacent normal tissue. mRNA levels, protein expressions and cellular localizations of EZH2 and RUNX3 were analyzed using real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry, respectively. DNA methylation was further assessed by the methylation specific-PCR. Results Compared to normal tissue, a significant increase in expression of RUNX3 mRNA in 31/57 patient’s tumor tissue (p < 0.04) was observed. The expression of EZH2 was found to be upregulated compared to normal, and a significant positive correlation between EZH2 and RUNX3 expression was observed (p = 0.002). 22 of the 27 unmethylated cases at the promoter region of the RUNX3 had elevated RUNX3 protein expression (p < 0.001). Conclusion The data presented in this study provide new insights into the biology of RUNX3 and highlights the need to revisit our current understanding of the role of RUNX3 in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asad Ur Rehman
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025 India
| | | | | | - Snigdha Saikia
- Department of Bioengineering and Technology, Guist, Gauhati University, Guwahati, India
| | | | - Wasif Mohammad Ali
- Department of Surgery, JN Medical College and Hospital, AMU, Aligarh, UP India
| | - Subhash Medhi
- Department of Bioengineering and Technology, Guist, Gauhati University, Guwahati, India
| | - Sundeep Singh Saluja
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, G B Pant Hospital & Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - Syed Akhtar Husain
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025 India
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Kataria S, Sharif A, Ur Rehman A, Ahmed Z, Hanan A. COVID-19 Induced Acute Pancreatitis: A Case Report and Literature Review. Cureus 2020; 12:e9169. [PMID: 32802606 PMCID: PMC7423496 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.9169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A 49-year-old female with no history of past medical illness presented to the emergency department with complaints of fever, dry cough, and shortness of breath. Initial evaluation revealed a temperature of 101°F, and on auscultation, the patient had scattered wheezing and rales in left lung fields. CT of the chest revealed pneumonic patches in the upper and lower segment of the left lung. Her COVID-19 testing came positive. On the second day of hospital admission, the patient experienced nausea, vomiting, and severe epigastric pain radiating to back. Laboratory analysis revealed a marked elevation of lipase and amylase. CT of the abdomen showed an edematous pancreas with diffuse enlargement. She was diagnosed with acute pancreatitis due to COVID-19 after carefully ruling out other causes. She was managed symptomatically, and improvement in her clinical condition was observed and was discharged with outpatient follow-up. Although acute pancreatitis is rare in patients with COVID-19, it should be considered as a differential diagnosis in patients with severe epigastric pain and respiratory symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aftab Sharif
- General Medicine, King Edward Medical University, Mayo Hospital, Lahore, PAK
| | - Asad Ur Rehman
- Internal Medicine, Pakistan Kidney and Liver Research Institute, Lahore, PAK
| | - Zahoor Ahmed
- Internal Medicine, King Edward Medical University, Mayo Hospital, Lahore, PAK
| | - Abdul Hanan
- Infectious Disease, Wayne State University, Detroit, USA
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24
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Ahmed Z, Ur Rehman A, Awais A, Hanan A, Ahmad S. Lyme Disease and Severe Hyperbilirubinemia: A Rare Presentation of Lyme Disease. Cureus 2020; 12:e8363. [PMID: 32617234 PMCID: PMC7325384 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.8363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
A 39-year-old-man presented to the emergency room with a complaint of febrile jaundice and diffuse arthralgia. The patient had a temperature of 100°F, severe jaundice, and scleral icterus. Laboratory workup showed severe hyperbilirubinemia and elevated serum creatinine, and the rest of the serum chemistry was unremarkable. The ultrasound and computed tomography (CT) of the abdomen was normal. The patient had a recent history of travel to an endemic area for Lyme disease. After an extensive workup, all other possible etiologies had been ruled out, and the patient was started on empirical doxycycline by considering the patient’s recent history of travel. Serum serologic test confirmed Lyme disease. His bilirubin and creatinine improved gradually. His fever subsided in three days, and he was discharged with outpatient follow-up. Although hyperbilirubinemia is rare in Lyme disease, it should be considered as a differential diagnosis in patients with severe jaundice and a recent history of travel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahoor Ahmed
- Internal Medicine, King Edward Medical University, Mayo Hospital, Lahore, PAK
| | - Asad Ur Rehman
- Internal Medicine, Pakistan Kidney and Liver Research Institute, Lahore, PAK
| | - Anum Awais
- Internal Medicine, Fatima Jinnah Medical University, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Lahore, PAK
| | - Abdul Hanan
- Infectious Disease, Wayne State University, Detroit, USA
| | - Sarfaraz Ahmad
- Internal Medicine, Saint James School of Medicine, Chicago, USA
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25
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Iqbal MA, Chattopadhyay S, Siddiqui FA, Ur Rehman A, Siddiqui S, Prakasam G, Khan A, Sultana S, Bamezai RN. Silibinin induces metabolic crisis in triple-negative breast cancer cells by modulating EGFR-MYC-TXNIP axis: potential therapeutic implications. FEBS J 2020; 288:471-485. [PMID: 32356386 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive form of breast cancer with limited treatment modalities and poor prognosis. Metabolic reprogramming in cancer is considered a hallmark of therapeutic relevance. Here, we report disruption of metabolic reprogramming in TNBC cells by silibinin via modulation of EGFR-MYC-TXNIP signaling. Metabolic assays combined with LC-MS-based metabolomics revealed inhibition of glycolysis and other key biosynthetic pathways by silibinin, to induce metabolic catastrophe in TNBC cells. Silibinin-induced metabolic suppression resulted in decreased cell biomass, proliferation, and stem cell properties. Mechanistically, we identify EGFR-MYC-TXNIP as an important regulator of TNBC metabolism and mediator of inhibitory effects of silibinin. Highlighting the clinical relevance of our observations, the analysis of METABRIC dataset revealed deregulation of EGFR-MYC-TXNIP axis in TNBC and association of EGFRhigh -MYChigh -TXNIPlow signature with aggressive glycolytic metabolism and poor disease-specific and metastasis-free survival. Importantly, combination treatment of silibinin or 2-deoxyglucose (glycolysis inhibitor) with paclitaxel synergistically inhibited proliferation of TNBC cells. Together, our results highlight the importance of EGFR-MYC-TXNIP axis in regulating TNBC metabolism, demonstrate the anti-TNBC activity of silibinin, and argue in favor of targeting metabolic vulnerabilities of TNBC, at least in combination with mainstay chemotherapeutic drugs, to effectively treat TNBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Askandar Iqbal
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi, India
| | - Shilpi Chattopadhyay
- Department of Toxicology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard (Deemed University), New Delhi, India
| | - Farid Ahmad Siddiqui
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi, India.,Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Abo Akademi, Biocity, Finland
| | - Asad Ur Rehman
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi, India.,Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, India
| | - Shumaila Siddiqui
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi, India
| | - Gopinath Prakasam
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Asifa Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi, India.,Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi, India
| | - Sarwat Sultana
- Department of Toxicology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard (Deemed University), New Delhi, India
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Busignies V, Arruda DC, Charrueau C, Ribeiro MCS, Lachagès AM, Malachias A, Finet S, Rehman AU, Bigey P, Tchoreloff P, Escriou V. Compression of Vectors for Small Interfering RNAs Delivery: Toward Oral Administration of siRNA Lipoplexes in Tablet Forms. Mol Pharm 2020; 17:1159-1169. [PMID: 32125867 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b01190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Currently, most nonviral nucleic acid vectors are in the form of colloidal suspensions administered primarily parenterally. This type of formulation and the mode of administration impose strong constraints such as the size of the administered vectors or the production of sterile preparations. The tablet form provides access to easy oral administration, well accepted by patients; As regards nucleic acid vectors, a dry form represents an advance in terms of stability. Using an optimized lipid-based small interfering RNA-delivery system, we studied the tabletability of a liquid suspension of these vectors. We optimized the conditions of freeze-drying by choosing excipients and process, allowing for the conservation of both the gene-silencing efficacy of the formulated siRNAs and the supramolecular structure of the lipid particulate system. Gene-silencing efficacy was assayed on luciferase-expressing cells and the structure of the siRNA vector in freeze-dried and tablet forms was examined using small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) synchrotron radiation. The freeze-dried powders were then mixed with excipients necessary for the good progress of the compression by allowing for a regular supply of the matrix and the reduction of friction. The compression was carried out using a rotary press simulator that allows for complete monitoring of the compression conditions. After compression, formulated siRNAs retained more than 60% of their gene-silencing efficacy. Within the tablets, a specific SAXS signal was detectable and the lamellar and cubic phases of the initial liquid suspension were restored after resuspension of siRNA vectors by disintegration of the tablets. These results show that the bilayer lipid structures of the particles were preserved despite the mechanical constraints imposed by the compression. If such a result could be expected after the freeze-drying step, it was never shown, to our knowledge, that siRNA-delivery systems could retain their efficacy and structure after mechanical stress such as compression. This opens promising perspectives to oral administration of siRNA as an alternative to parenteral administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Busignies
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Arts et Metiers Institute of Technology, Bordeaux INP, INRAE I2M, Bordeaux F-33400, Talence, France
| | - Danielle Campiol Arruda
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.,Université de Paris, UTCBS, CNRS, INSERM, F-75006 Paris, France
| | | | - Marcela Coelho Silva Ribeiro
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.,Université de Paris, UTCBS, CNRS, INSERM, F-75006 Paris, France
| | | | - Angelo Malachias
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Stéphanie Finet
- Sorbonne Université, IMPMC, CNRS, MNHN, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Asad Ur Rehman
- Université de Paris, UTCBS, CNRS, INSERM, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Pascal Bigey
- Université de Paris, UTCBS, CNRS, INSERM, F-75006 Paris, France.,PSL University, ChimieParisTech, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Pierre Tchoreloff
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Arts et Metiers Institute of Technology, Bordeaux INP, INRAE I2M, Bordeaux F-33400, Talence, France
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27
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Real SAS, Parveen F, Rehman AU, Shaik R, Deo SVS, Husain SA. Mutation, methylation and expression analysis of LIFR gene in Indian breast cancer patients. Mutat Res 2019; 816-818:111677. [PMID: 31557600 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2019.111677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
LIFR functions as a tumor suppressor and metastatic suppressor of breast cancer. The present study investigates the status of LIFR gene in Indian breast cancer patients. A total of 137 breast cancer tissue and 137 adjacent normal tissue which served as controls were analyzed for mutation by automated DNA sequencing, methylation through methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction and its corresponding expression at mRNA and protein level using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry respectively in Indian breast cancer patients. All the molecular findings were statistically correlated with clinopathological parameters of the patients to identify its association. LIFR mRNA expression was found to be 2.534 ± 3.52 fold downregulated with subsequent absence of protein in 67.15% cases (92/137). The absence of LIFR protein coincided with 80.95% (85/105) methylated cases thereby showing a very strong correlation among the LIFR promoter methylation and LIFR protein expression (p = 0.0001). We also observed G2968C nucleotide change in 6/137 cases of exon 20 of LIFR gene resulting in Glu990Gln mutation. Correlation of LIFR promoter methylation with geographic location and age at menopause and LIFR mutation with age at menarche, age at first live birth, molecular subtypes of breast cancer, and lymph node status remained significant even after bonferroni correction (p ≤ 0.0027). All these data suggests the relevance of these associations in relation to Indian breast cancer patients. The loss of LIFR protein was frequently found in Indian breast cancer patients, and aberrant promoter methylation showed a significant correlation with its downregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Farah Parveen
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Asad Ur Rehman
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | | | - S V S Deo
- Department of Surgical Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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28
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Rehman AU, Collot M, Klymchenko AS, Akram S, Mustafa B, Vandamme T, Anton N. Spontaneous nano-emulsification with tailor-made amphiphilic polymers and related monomers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.34154/2019-ejpr.01(01).pp-27-36/euraass] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In general, nano-emulsions are submicron droplets composed of liquid oil phase dispersed in liquid aqueous bulk phase. They are stable and very powerful systems when it regards the encapsulation of lipophilic compounds and their dispersion in aqueous medium. On the other hand, when the properties of the nano-emulsions aim to be modified, e.g. for changing their surface properties, decorating the droplets with targeting ligands, or modifying the surface charge, the dynamic liquid / liquid interfaces make it relatively challenging. In this study, we have explored the development of nano-emulsions which were not anymore stabilized with a classical low-molecular weight surfactant, but instead, with an amphiphilic polymer based on poly(maleic anhydride-alt-1-octadecene) (PMAO) and Jeffamine®, a hydrophilic amino-terminated PPG/PEG copolymer. Using a polymer as stabilizer is a potential solution for the nano-emulsion functionalization, ensuring the droplet stabilization as well as being a platform for the droplet decoration with ligands (for instance after addition of function groups in the terminations of the chains). The main idea of the present work was to understand if the spontaneous emulsification –commonly performed with nonionic surfactants– can be transposed with amphiphilic polymers, and a secondary objective was to identify the main parameters impacting on the process. PMAO was modified with two different Jeffamine®, additionally different oils and different formulation conditions were evaluated. As a control, the parent monomer, octadecyl succinic anhydride (OSA) was also modified and studied in the similar way as that of polymer. The generated nano-emulsions were mainly studied by dynamic light scattering and electron microscopy, that allows discriminating the crucial parameters in the spontaneous process, originally conducted with polymers as only stabilizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asad Ur Rehman
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, CAMB UMR 7199, F-67000 Strasbourg, France AND Bahauddin Zakariya University (BZU) Multan, Pakistan
| | - Mayeul Collot
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, LBP UMR 7021, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Salman Akram
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, CAMB UMR 7199, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Bilal Mustafa
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, CAMB UMR 7199, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Thierry Vandamme
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, CAMB UMR 7199, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Nicolas Anton
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, CAMB UMR 7199, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
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29
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Akram S, Wang X, Vandamme TF, Collot M, Rehman AU, Messaddeq N, Mély Y, Anton N. Toward the Formulation of Stable Micro and Nano Double Emulsions through a Silica Coating on Internal Water Droplets. Langmuir 2019; 35:2313-2325. [PMID: 30630316 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b03919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Delivery systems able to coencapsulate both hydrophilic and hydrophobic species are of great interest in both fundamental research and industrial applications. Water-in-oil-in-water (w1/O/W2) emulsions are interesting systems for this purpose, but they suffer from limited stability. In this study, we propose an innovative approach to stabilize double emulsions by the synthesis of a silica membrane at the water/oil interface of the primary emulsion (i.e., inner w1/O emulsion). This approach allows the formulation of stable double emulsions through a two-step process, enabling high encapsulation efficiencies of model hydrophilic dyes encapsulated in the internal droplets. This approach also decreases the scale of the double droplets up to the nanoscale, which is not possible without silica stabilization. Different formulation and processing parameters were explored in order to optimize the methodology. Physicochemical characterization was performed by dynamic light scattering, encapsulation efficiency measurements, release profiles, and optical and transmission electron microscopies.
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30
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Real SAS, Parveen F, Rehman AU, Khan MA, Deo SVS, Shukla NK, Husain SA. Aberrant Promoter Methylation of YAP Gene and its Subsequent Downregulation in Indian Breast Cancer Patients. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:711. [PMID: 29970036 PMCID: PMC6031145 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4627-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND YAP, a potent oncogene and major downstream effector of the mammalian Hippo tumor suppressor pathway can act as either oncogene or tumor suppressor gene based on the type of tissue involved. Despite various studies, the role and mechanism through which YAP mediates its tumor suppressor or oncogenic effects are not yet fully understood. Therefore in the present study we aimed to investigate YAP at DNA, mRNA and protein level and also attempted to correlate our molecular findings with various clinicopathological variables of the patients. METHODS The study comprised of a total 137 genetically unrelated women with sporadic breast cancer cases and normal adjacent tissues not infiltrated with tumor. Mutation of YAP gene was analyzed by automated DNA sequencing. YAP promoter methylation was studied using MS-PCR. Expression at mRNA and protein level was studied using qPCR and IHC respectively. RESULTS In our study YAP mRNA expression was found to be 8.65 ± 6.17 fold downregulated in 67.15% cases. The expression of YAP when analyzed at the protein level by IHC was found to be absent in 78.83% cases. Results from MS-PCR analysis showed that YAP promoter methylation plays an important role in declining the expression of YAP protein. The absence of YAP protein coincided with 86.60% methylated cases thereby showing a very strong correlation (p = 0.001). We also investigated YAP mutation at the major check point sites in the Hippo pathway and observed no mutation. A significant association was observed on correlating mRNA expression with clinical stages (p = 0.038) and protein expression with ER status (p = 0.018) among Indian breast cancer patients. CONCLUSION The expression of YAP was found to be downregulated in response to aberrant promoter methylation. The downregulation of YAP are consistent with previous studies suggesting it to have a tumor suppressive role in breast cancer. We did not observe any mutation at the major check point sites in the Hippo pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Farah Parveen
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Asad Ur Rehman
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | | | | | - Nootan Kumar Shukla
- Department of Surgical Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Science, New Delhi, 110608, India
| | - Syed Akhtar Husain
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India.
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Siddiqui FA, Prakasam G, Chattopadhyay S, Rehman AU, Padder RA, Ansari MA, Irshad R, Mangalhara K, Bamezai RNK, Husain M, Ali SM, Iqbal MA. Curcumin decreases Warburg effect in cancer cells by down-regulating pyruvate kinase M2 via mTOR-HIF1α inhibition. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8323. [PMID: 29844464 PMCID: PMC5974195 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25524-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Warburg effect is an emerging hallmark of cancer cells with pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) as its key regulator. Curcumin is an extensively-studied anti-cancer compound, however, its role in affecting cancer metabolism remains poorly understood. Herein, we show that curcumin inhibits glucose uptake and lactate production (Warburg effect) in a variety of cancer cell lines by down-regulating PKM2 expression, via inhibition of mTOR-HIF1α axis. Stable PKM2 silencing revealed that PKM2 is required for Warburg effect and proliferation of cancer cells. PKM2 over-expression abrogated the effects of curcumin, demonstrating that inhibition of Warburg effect by curcumin is PKM2-mediated. High PKM2 expression correlated strongly with poor overall survival in cancer, suggesting the requirement of PKM2 in cancer progression. The study unravels novel PKM2-mediated inhibitory effect of curcumin on metabolic capacities of cancer cells. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study linking curcumin with PKM2-driven cancer glycolysis, thus, providing new perspectives into the mechanism of its anticancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farid Ahmad Siddiqui
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), Jamia Nagar, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Gopinath Prakasam
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Mehrauli Road, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Shilpi Chattopadhyay
- Department of Toxicology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard (Deemed University), New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Asad Ur Rehman
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), Jamia Nagar, New Delhi, 110025, India
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), Jamia Nagar, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Rayees Ahmad Padder
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), Jamia Nagar, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Mohammad Afaque Ansari
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), Jamia Nagar, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Rasha Irshad
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), Jamia Nagar, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Kailash Mangalhara
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Mehrauli Road, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Rameshwar N K Bamezai
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Mehrauli Road, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Mohammad Husain
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), Jamia Nagar, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Syed Mansoor Ali
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), Jamia Nagar, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Mohammad Askandar Iqbal
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), Jamia Nagar, New Delhi, 110025, India.
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Nielsen C, Rahman A, Rehman AU, Walsh MK, Miller CD. Food waste conversion to microbial polyhydroxyalkanoates. Microb Biotechnol 2017; 10:1338-1352. [PMID: 28736901 PMCID: PMC5658610 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.12776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are biopolymers with desirable material properties similar to petrochemically derived plastics. PHAs are naturally produced by a wide range of microorganisms as a carbon storage mechanism and can accumulate to significantly high levels. PHAs are an environmentally friendly alternative to their petroleum counterparts because they can be easily degraded, potentially reducing the burden on municipal waste systems. Nevertheless, widespread use of PHAs is not currently realistic due to a variety of factors. One of the major constraints of large-scale PHA production is the cost of carbon substrate for PHA-producing microbes. The cost of production could potentially be reduced with the use of waste carbon from food-related processes. Food wastage is a global issue and therefore harbours immense potential to create valuable bioproducts. This article's main focus is to examine the state of the art of converting food-derived waste into carbon substrates for microbial metabolism and subsequent conversion into PHAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad Nielsen
- Department of Biological EngineeringUtah State University4105 Old Main HillLoganUT84322‐4105USA
| | - Asif Rahman
- Bioengineering BranchSpace BioSciences DivisionNASA Ames Research CenterMoffett FieldCA94035‐1000USA
- COSMIAC Research CenterUniversity of New MexicoAlbuquerqueNM87106USA
| | - Asad Ur Rehman
- Department of Biological EngineeringUtah State University4105 Old Main HillLoganUT84322‐4105USA
- Institute of Industrial BiotechnologyGovernment College UniversityKatchery RoadLahorePakistan
| | - Marie K. Walsh
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food SciencesUtah State University8700 Old Main HillLoganUT84322‐8700USA
| | - Charles D. Miller
- Department of Biological EngineeringUtah State University4105 Old Main HillLoganUT84322‐4105USA
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Rehman AU, Friedman TB, Griffith AJ. Unresolved questions regarding human hereditary deafness. Oral Dis 2017; 23:551-558. [PMID: 27259978 PMCID: PMC5136515 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Human hearing loss is a common neurosensory disorder about which many basic research and clinically relevant questions are unresolved. This review on hereditary deafness focuses on three examples considered at first glance to be uncomplicated, however, upon inspection, are enigmatic and ripe for future research efforts. The three examples of clinical and genetic complexities are drawn from studies of (i) Pendred syndrome/DFNB4 (PDS, OMIM 274600), (ii) Perrault syndrome (deafness and infertility) due to mutations of CLPP (PRTLS3, OMIM 614129), and (iii) the unexplained extensive clinical variability associated with TBC1D24 mutations. At present, it is unknown how different mutations of TBC1D24 cause non-syndromic deafness (DFNB86, OMIM 614617), epilepsy (OMIM 605021), epilepsy with deafness, or DOORS syndrome (OMIM 220500) that is characterized by deafness, onychodystrophy (alteration of toenail or fingernail morphology), osteodystrophy (defective development of bone), mental retardation, and seizures. A comprehensive understanding of the multifaceted roles of each gene associated with human deafness is expected to provide future opportunities for restoration as well as preservation of normal hearing.
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Affiliation(s)
- A U Rehman
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - T B Friedman
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - A J Griffith
- Otolaryngology Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Rehman AU, Saikia S, Iqbal MA, Ahmad I, Sadaf, Anees A, Aravinda PS, Mishra PK, Hedau S, Saluja SS, Medhi S, Husain SA. Decreased expression of MGMT in correlation with aberrant DNA methylation in esophageal cancer patients from North India. Tumour Biol 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/1010428317705770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Asad Ur Rehman
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Snigdha Saikia
- Department of Bioengineering and Technology, Gauhati University Institute of Science and Technology (GUIST), Gauhati University, Guwahati, India
| | | | - Istaq Ahmad
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Sadaf
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Afzal Anees
- Department of Surgery, J.N. Medical College Hospital, Aligarh Muslim University (AMU), Aligarh, India
| | - PS Aravinda
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Govind Ballabh Pant Hospital and Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - Pramod Kumar Mishra
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Govind Ballabh Pant Hospital and Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - Suresh Hedau
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology Virus Diseases, Institute of Cytology & Preventive Oncology (ICPO), Noida, India
| | - Sundeep Singh Saluja
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Govind Ballabh Pant Hospital and Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - Subhash Medhi
- Department of Bioengineering and Technology, Gauhati University Institute of Science and Technology (GUIST), Gauhati University, Guwahati, India
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Saikia S, Rehman AU, Barooah P, Sarmah P, Bhattacharyya M, Deka M, Deka M, Goswami B, Husain SA, Medhi S. Alteration in the expression of MGMT and RUNX3 due to non-CpG promoter methylation and their correlation with different risk factors in esophageal cancer patients. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317701630. [PMID: 28468586 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317701630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Promoter methylation reflects in the inactivation of different genes like O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase DNA repair gene and runt-related transcription factor 3, a known tumor suppressor gene in various cancers such as esophageal cancer. The promoter methylation was evaluated for O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase and runt-related transcription factor 3 in CpG, CHH, and CHG context (where H is A, T, or C) by next-generation sequencing. The methylation status was correlated with quantitative messenger RNA expression. In addition, messenger RNA expression was correlated with different risk factors like tobacco, alcohol, betel nut consumption, and smoking habit. CpG methylation of O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase promoter had a positive association in the development of esophageal cancer (p < 0.05), whereas runt-related transcription factor 3 promoter methylation showed no significant association (p = 1.0) to develop esophageal cancer. However, the non-CpG methylation, CHH, and CHG were significantly correlated with O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (p < 0.05) and runt-related transcription factor 3 (p < 0.05) promoters in the development of esophageal cancer. The number of cytosine converted to thymine (C→T) in O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase promoter showed a significant correlation between cases and controls (p < 0.05), but in runt-related transcription factor 3 no such significant correlation was observed. Besides, messenger RNA expression was found to be significantly correlated with promoter hypermethylation of O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase and runt-related transcription factor 3 in the context of CHG and CHH (p < 0.05). The CpG hypermethylation in O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase showed positive (p < 0.05) association, whereas in runt-related transcription factor 3, it showed contrasting negative association (p = 0.23) with their messenger RNA expression. Tobacco, betel nut consumption, and smoking habits were associated with altered messenger RNA expression of O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (p < 0.05) and betel nut consumption and smoking habits were associated with runt-related transcription factor 3 (p < 0.05). There was no significant association between messenger RNA expression of O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase and runt-related transcription factor 3 with alcohol consumption (p = 0.32 and p = 0.15). In conclusion, our results suggest that an aberrant messenger RNA expression may be the outcome of CpG, CHG, and CHH methylation in O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase, whereas outcome of CHG and CHH methylation in runt-related transcription factor 3 promoters along with risk factors such as consumption of tobacco, betel nut, and smoking habits in esophageal cancer from Northeast India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snigdha Saikia
- 1 Department of Bioengineering and Technology, Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Oncology, Gauhati University Institute of Science & Technology, Gauhati University, Guwahati, India.,2 Department of Gastroenterology, Gauhati Medical College and Hospital, Guwahati, India
| | - Asad Ur Rehman
- 3 Department of Bioscience, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Prajjalendra Barooah
- 1 Department of Bioengineering and Technology, Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Oncology, Gauhati University Institute of Science & Technology, Gauhati University, Guwahati, India.,2 Department of Gastroenterology, Gauhati Medical College and Hospital, Guwahati, India
| | - Preeti Sarmah
- 2 Department of Gastroenterology, Gauhati Medical College and Hospital, Guwahati, India
| | - Mallika Bhattacharyya
- 2 Department of Gastroenterology, Gauhati Medical College and Hospital, Guwahati, India
| | - Muktanjalee Deka
- 4 Department of Pathology, Gauhati Medical College and Hospital, Guwahati, India
| | - Manab Deka
- 1 Department of Bioengineering and Technology, Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Oncology, Gauhati University Institute of Science & Technology, Gauhati University, Guwahati, India
| | - Bhabadev Goswami
- 2 Department of Gastroenterology, Gauhati Medical College and Hospital, Guwahati, India
| | | | - Subhash Medhi
- 1 Department of Bioengineering and Technology, Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Oncology, Gauhati University Institute of Science & Technology, Gauhati University, Guwahati, India
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Nawaz G, Hussain I, Muhammad S, Jamil MI, Rehman AU, Iqbal N, Akhter S. Justification For Re-Look Cystoscopy After Posterior Urethral Valve Fulguration. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad 2017; 29:30-32. [PMID: 28712168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Posterior urethral valve (PUV) is life-threatening congenital anomaly of the urinary tract that results in vesicoureteric reflux, recurrent UTI, voiding dysfunction and renal insufficiency if not treat timely. Endoscopic ablation of posterior urethral valves using cold knife or laser is the current gold standard therapy. Many urologists go for repeat cystoscopy to see residual valve or stricture while others repeat VCUG to measure the posterior to anterior urethral ratio for residual obstruction. In this study, we have standardized by regularly doing re-look cystoscopy at 3 months whether the child is symptomatic or not to see justification for re-look cystoscopy after PUV ablation. METHODS In this prospective study, first 50 cases that underwent posterior urethral valve fulguration were included. Diagnosis of posterior urethral valve was made by voiding symptoms, ultrasonography and confirmed by voiding cysto-urethrogram (VCUG). All children were treated by endoscopic fulguration of posterior urethral valves (PUV) using cold knife as urethral valvotome and were followed clinically for voiding symptoms and with ultrasonography and laboratory test at 3 and 6 months. All patients underwent re-look cystoscopy at three months to see residual valves irrespective of their clinical improvement. RESULTS Mean age at presentation was 4.9±3.2 years. The most common symptoms were poor stream (76%), straining at voiding (72%), dribbling of urine (54%), fever (42%) and urinary retention (14%). Residual valves on re-look cystoscopy were seen in 78%. Four (8%) patients had urethral stricture on re-look cystoscopy. CONCLUSIONS We suggest routine re-look cystoscopy after primary fulguration of PUV to pick more residual obstructive valves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gul Nawaz
- Department of Urology, Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ijaz Hussain
- Department of Urology, Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Shujah Muhammad
- Department of Urology, Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Asad Ur Rehman
- Department of Urology, Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Nadeem Iqbal
- Department of Urology, Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Saeed Akhter
- Department of Urology, Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Muhammad S, Nawaz G, Jamil I, Ur Rehman A, Hussain I, Akhter S. Constipation in Pediatric Patients with Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak 2016; 25:815-8. [PMID: 26577968 DOI: 11.2015/jcpsp.815818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the frequency of constipation in patients with pediatric age group presenting with Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (LUTS). STUDY DESIGN Descriptive study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY Outpatient Department of Urology in Pakistan Kidney Institute at Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, from November 2012 to February 2014. METHODOLOGY Two hundred pediatric patients presenting with Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (LUTS) were studied in terms of age, gender, obstructive and irritative types of LUTS along with any associated symptoms. Constipation was assessed by Bristol stool chart in these patients. Patients with exstrophy of bladder were excluded from the study. Descriptive statistics were measured for both qualitative and quantitative variables. For qualitative variables like gender, presenting symptoms, constipation and stool types, percentages and frequencies were calculated. For quantitative variables like age, percentages / mean ±SD were calculated. RESULTS Mean age was 6.87 ±3.64 years with a range of 2 - 14 years. Constipation was found in 37.5% of the pediatric patients with lower urinary tract symptoms. CONCLUSION Constipation is frequent and overlooked problem in pediatric patients having urinary symptoms. Irritative lower urinary tract symptoms are more common. Children up to 5 years of age are the most common sufferers. Knowing the burden of constipation in such patients can help physicians in better treatment of such cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujah Muhammad
- Department of Urology and Kidney Transplant, Pakistan Kidney Institute (PKI), Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad
| | - Gul Nawaz
- Department of Urology and Kidney Transplant, Pakistan Kidney Institute (PKI), Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad
| | - Imran Jamil
- Department of Urology and Kidney Transplant, Pakistan Kidney Institute (PKI), Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad
| | - Asad Ur Rehman
- Department of Urology and Kidney Transplant, Pakistan Kidney Institute (PKI), Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad
| | - Ijaz Hussain
- Department of Urology and Kidney Transplant, Pakistan Kidney Institute (PKI), Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad
| | - Saeed Akhter
- Department of Urology and Kidney Transplant, Pakistan Kidney Institute (PKI), Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad
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Abstract
A bottom-up fabrication of graphene via molecular self-assembly of p-Terphenyl on Ru(0001) has been investigated by scanning tunneling microcopy and density functional theory. Upon annealing of the sample at 450 °C, the intermediate stage is observed, in which the adsorbed p-Terphenyl molecules and graphitized flakes converted from the molecules coexist, implying the onset of dehydrogenation of p-Terphenyl. At the annealing temperature of 480 °C, the graphitized flakes start to convert into graphene. An adsoption energy of 5.99 eV is calculated for an individual p-Terphenyl molecule on Ru(0001), denoting a strong interaction between the adsorbate and substrate. The intermolecular interaction brings an extra adsorption energy of 0.28 eV for each molecule in the di-molecule adsorption system. During the conversion process from adsorbed molecule into graphene, the intermolecular interaction leads to the increase of the dehydrogenation barrier from 1.52 to 1.64 eV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiliang Cai
- Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China. Collaborative Innovation Centre of Advanced Microstructure, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
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Nawaz G, Muhammad S, Jamil MI, Rehman AU, Khawaja MA, Hussain I, Akber MK, Akhter S. Female epispadias: spot diagnosis and simple reconstruction. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad 2014; 26:616-617. [PMID: 25672199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Isolated female epispadias without bladder exstrophy is a rare congenital anomaly. Patients present with total or partial urinary incontinence. The diagnosis can only be made on careful genitalia examination by separating the labia majora. That is why it is often missed by most physicians even after being extensively investigated. The physical findings include patulous urethra, flattened mons pubis, and bifid clitoris with lack of anterior labial commissure. In most of the cases, single stage reconstruction of urethra, labia minora and clitoris is enough to achieve urinary continence with cosmetically acceptable genitalia.
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Ali RA, Rehman AU, Khan SN, Husnain T, Riazuddin S, Friedman TB, Ahmed ZM, Riazuddin S. DFNB86, a novel autosomal recessive non-syndromic deafness locus on chromosome 16p13.3. Clin Genet 2011; 81:498-500. [PMID: 22211675 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.2011.01729.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Ali S, Maharvi GM, Riaz N, Afza N, Malik A, Rehman AU, Lateef M, Iqbal L. Lipoxygenase inhibitory tetraketones: potential remedial source for inflammation and asthma. W INDIAN MED J 2009; 58:92-98. [PMID: 21866591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A series of tetraketones has been synthesized by way of a one pot synthesis and screened for inhibitory activity against the enzyme lipoxygenase. METHOD An efficient and high yielding one pot synthesis to tetraketones [2-22] has been developed by way of tetraethyl ammonium bromide (Et4N+Br-) mediated condensation of cyclohexane-1, 3-dione [1] with a variety of aldehydes. Lipoxygenase enzyme solution was prepared so that enzyme concentration in reaction mixture was adjusted to give rates of 0.05 absorbance/minute. The test compounds were prepared in methanol of concentrations 50, 25, 12.5, 6.25 and 3.125 microM. The reaction mixture contained 160 microL (100 mM) sodium phosphate buffer (pH 8.0), 10 microL of test-compound solution and 20 microL of lipoxygenase solution. The contents were mixed and incubated for 10 minutes at 25 degrees C. The reaction was then initiated by the addition of 10 microL substrate solution (linoleic acid, 0.5 mM, 0.12% w/v tween 20 in the ratio of 1:2), with the formation of (9Z, 11E)-(13S)-13-hydroperoxyoctadeca-9,11-dienoate, the change of absorbance at 234 nm was followed for 6 minutes. The concentrations of the test compounds that inhibited the lipoxygenase activity by 50% (IC50) were determined by monitoring the effect of increasing concentrations of these compounds in the assays on the degree of inhibition. The IC50 values were calculated by means of the EZ-Fit Enzyme-Kinetics Program (Perrella Scientific Inc., Amherst, U.S.A.). RESULT The tetraketones [2-22] were synthesized in high yields (91-98%) using mild reaction conditions. Most of these compounds showed significant inhibitory activity against the enzyme lipoxygenase. It was found that the presence of substituents which increase delocalization of electrons enhances the inhibitory activity. CONCLUSION It is concluded that the study is likely to lead to the discovery of therapeutically efficient agents against important disorders such as inflammation and asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ali
- Pharmaceutical Research Centre, PCSIR Laboratories Complex Karachi, Karachi-75280, Pakistan
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of rheumatic heart disease (RHD) among school children in urban and semiurban areas of Lahore, Pakistan. METHODS A cross-sectional survey of school children aged 5-15 years from 70 schools of urban and semiurban Lahore was carried out by a team of cardiologists. Children were screened by clinical examination and diagnosis confirmed by echocardiography. Sociodemographic data were also collected. RESULTS Of 24 980 children screened, 986 (3.9%) had a confirmed cardiac lesion; 546 had RHD, 440 had congenital heart disease. The prevalence of RHD was 21.9/1000 children screened (95% CI 20.1 to 23.7). Their mean (SD) age was 10.7 (2.6) years and the female:male ratio was 1.6:1. Most (92.5%) were unaware of the diagnosis and less than 2% were taking rheumatic prophylaxis. All children belonged to a low socioeconomic group and 67% were undernourished. CONCLUSION The prevalence of RHD in the urban school population of Lahore is among the highest in the world. The younger age of onset is a special feature and most are unaware of the diagnosis, and hence not receiving life-saving secondary prophylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sadiq
- Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Punjab Institute of Cardiology, Lahore, Pakistan.
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Sharma R, Pednekar MS, Rehman AU, Gupta R. Tobacco use among school personnel in Rajasthan, India. Indian J Cancer 2004; 41:162-6. [PMID: 15659869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A very little information about tobacco use among school personnel is available. This is a step to have cross country and within country data using standardized methodology. AIMS To obtain baseline information about tobacco use prevalence, knowledge and attitude among school personnel. STUDY DESIGN Two stage cluster sample. SETTING A state of Rajasthan. MATERIALS AND MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study, using anonymous self-administered questionnaire. A sample of schools with probability proportional to the enrollment in grades 8-10. All school personnel in sampled schools were eligible to participate. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Percentage, 95% confidence interval. RESULTS School response rate was 97.4% (75/77) and school personnel response rate was 67.2% (909/1352). Majority of school personnel (men 69%, women 31%) were school teachers (78.3%). The prevalence of ever any tobacco use was reported by 35.9%, more among men than women (46.2% vs. 13.0%). The prevalence of current daily smoking was reported by 14.4% (men 20.6%, women 0.8%) and occasional by 7.3%, where as current daily smokeless tobacco use was 11.7% (men 16.4%, women 1.1%) and occasional 13.6%. Current daily tobacco use was significantly more among men than women. Four out of nine reported their schools have a tobacco prohibiting policy for both students (48.4%) as well as for school personnel (44.4%) and about same (47.2%) reported their schools enforce its tobacco policy or rule. Over 85% of all school personnel strongly support the tobacco control policies and wanted training in tobacco cessation and prevention. CONCLUSION First study from Rajasthan to report tobacco use among school personnel. School personnel not only strongly support the tobacco control policies but also ready to work for its successful implementation with proper training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rameshwar Sharma
- Healis, Sekhsaria Institute of Public Helath, Navi Mumbai, India
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Pednekar M, Sharma R, Rehman AU, Gupta R. Tobacco use among school personnel in Rajasthan, India. Indian J Cancer 2004. [DOI: 10.4103/0019-509x.13770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
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Rehman AU, Deeba F. Relapse in heroin addiction--a brief report. J PAK MED ASSOC 1992; 42:125-7. [PMID: 1507391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Rehman AU. Growth of the hospital system in Hyderabad - historical and demographic aspects: 1880's-1950's. Bull Indian Inst Hist Med Hyderabad 1990; 20:123-39. [PMID: 11612580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
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Abstract
All patients with puerperal psychosis admitted to the Royal Edinburgh Hospital within 90 days of childbirth during the periods 1880-90 and 1971-80 were compared. The majority of cases in both groups had an affective illness with an acute presentation and a fixed interval of onset. The 19th-century cases had a more florid presentation and a greater length of admission (mean, 151 days) to the hospital than the 20th-century ones (mean, 39 days). The incidence of the disorder rose from 0.34 per 1000 childbirths per year in the 19th-century group to 1.04 in the 20th-century one, but this could be explained by nosocomial factors. Most 19th-century cases occurred in multigravid women, which questions the association of puerperal psychosis with primiparae.
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Affiliation(s)
- A U Rehman
- Government Mental Hospital, Peshawar, Pakistan
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