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Tang ZZ, Chen G, Hong Q, Huang S, Smith HM, Shah RD, Scholz M, Ferguson JF. Multi-Omic Analysis of the Microbiome and Metabolome in Healthy Subjects Reveals Microbiome-Dependent Relationships Between Diet and Metabolites. Front Genet 2019; 10:454. [PMID: 31164901 PMCID: PMC6534069 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The human microbiome has been associated with health status, and risk of disease development. While the etiology of microbiome-mediated disease remains to be fully elucidated, one mechanism may be through microbial metabolism. Metabolites produced by commensal organisms, including in response to host diet, may affect host metabolic processes, with potentially protective or pathogenic consequences. We conducted multi-omic phenotyping of healthy subjects (N = 136), in order to investigate the interaction between diet, the microbiome, and the metabolome in a cross-sectional sample. We analyzed the nutrient composition of self-reported diet (3-day food records and food frequency questionnaires). We profiled the gut and oral microbiome (16S rRNA) from stool and saliva, and applied metabolomic profiling to plasma and stool samples in a subset of individuals (N = 75). We analyzed these multi-omic data to investigate the relationship between diet, the microbiome, and the gut and circulating metabolome. On a global level, we observed significant relationships, particularly between long-term diet, the gut microbiome and the metabolome. Intake of plant-derived nutrients as well as consumption of artificial sweeteners were associated with significant differences in circulating metabolites, particularly bile acids, which were dependent on gut enterotype, indicating that microbiome composition mediates the effect of diet on host physiology. Our analysis identifies dietary compounds and phytochemicals that may modulate bacterial abundance within the gut and interact with microbiome composition to alter host metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Zheng Tang
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Guanhua Chen
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Qilin Hong
- Department of Statistics, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Shi Huang
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Holly M. Smith
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Rachana D. Shah
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Matthew Scholz
- Vanderbilt Technologies for Advanced Genomics (VANTAGE), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Jane F. Ferguson
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Vanderbilt Translational and Clinical Cardiovascular Research Center (VTRACC), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
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Abstract
Hyperlipidemia is an abnormality of lipid metabolism, characterized by an elevation of total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and/or a decreasing of high density lipoprotein cholesterol in circulating levels. Hyperlipidemia has been ranked as one of the greatest risk factors contributing to prevalence and severity of coronary heart diseases. Hyperlipidemia-associated lipid disorders are considered the cause of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. There has been a growing interest in natural products and their role in the maintenance and improvement of health and wellness. The cholesterol-lowering effect of dietary plants has been well studied and various natural products were shown to be helpful in lowering plasma cholesterol levels and encouraging safety profile. The main focus of this review is to describe what we know to date of natural products, along with their lipid-lowering mechanisms, which are either through inhibition of cholesterol absorption, inhibition of cholesterol synthesis or antioxidant mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abeer Temraz
- b Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy , Umm Al-Qura University , Makkah , Saudi Arabia
- c Pharmacognosy Department , Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University , Nasr City , Cairo , Egypt
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Schlörmann W, Zetzmann S, Wiege B, Haase NU, Greiling A, Lorkowski S, Dawczynski C, Glei M. Impact of different roasting conditions on chemical composition, sensory quality and physicochemical properties of waxy-barley products. Food Funct 2019; 10:5436-5445. [DOI: 10.1039/c9fo01429b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Roasting improves sensory properties and differentially modulates health-related compounds of barley products.
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Affiliation(s)
- W. Schlörmann
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences
- Department of Nutritional Toxicology
- 07743 Jena
- Germany
| | - S. Zetzmann
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences
- Department of Nutritional Toxicology
- 07743 Jena
- Germany
| | - B. Wiege
- Department of Safety and Quality of Cereals
- Max Rubner-Institut
- 32756 Detmold
- Germany
| | - N. U. Haase
- Department of Safety and Quality of Cereals
- Max Rubner-Institut
- 32756 Detmold
- Germany
| | - A. Greiling
- Thüringer Landesanstalt für Landwirtschaft und Ländlichen Raum
- 07743 Jena
- Germany
| | - S. Lorkowski
- Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD)
- Halle-Jena-Leipzig
- Germany
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences
| | - C. Dawczynski
- Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD)
- Halle-Jena-Leipzig
- Germany
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences
| | - M. Glei
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences
- Department of Nutritional Toxicology
- 07743 Jena
- Germany
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Thandapilly SJ, Ndou SP, Wang Y, Nyachoti CM, Ames NP. Barley β-glucan increases fecal bile acid excretion and short chain fatty acid levels in mildly hypercholesterolemic individuals. Food Funct 2018; 9:3092-3096. [PMID: 29872803 DOI: 10.1039/c8fo00157j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The cholesterol-lowering effect of barley β-glucan has been proposed to be the result of a pleiotropic effect, which involves several biological mechanisms such as gut fermentation, inhibition of intestinal cholesterol absorption and increased bile acid excretion and its synthesis. However, one of the recent studies from our laboratory indicated that increased bile acid excretion and subsequent increase in its synthesis, but not the inhibition of cholesterol absorption or synthesis might be responsible for the cholesterol-lowering effect of barley β-glucan. Accordingly, the primary objective of the present study was to investigate the concentration of bile acids (BA), neutral sterols (NS) and short chain fatty acids (SCFA) excreted through the feces by mildly hypercholesterolemic subjects who consumed diets containing barley β-glucan with varying molecular weights (MW) and concentrations. In a controlled, four phase, crossover trial, 30 mildly hypercholesterolemic but otherwise healthy subjects were randomly assigned to receive breakfast containing 3 g high MW (HMW), 5 g low MW (LMW), 3 g LMW barley β-glucan or a control diet for 5 weeks. The concentrations of BA, NS and SCFA in the feces were measured at the end of each treatment phase. Compared to the other treatment groups, 3 g day-1 HMW barley β-glucan consumption resulted in increased lithocholic acid (LCA) excretion (P < 0.001) but not LMW β-glucan, even at the high dose of 5 g day-1. Increased fermentability of fibre was also evident from a significant increase in fecal total SCFA concentrations in response to the 3 g HMW β-glucan diet compared to the 3 g LMW barley β-glucan and control diet (P = 0.0015). In summary, the current results validate our previous report on the role of fecal bile acid excretion in cholesterol lowering through the consumption of barley β-glucan. In addition, increased SCFA concentrations indicate that an increase in β-glucan molecular weight promotes hindgut fermentation, which might also be playing a role in attenuating cholesterol levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijo J Thandapilly
- Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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Yan YL, Hu Y, Gänzle MG. Prebiotics, FODMAPs and dietary fiber — conflicting concepts in development of functional food products? Curr Opin Food Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2018.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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