51
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Wagner V, Schulz PS, Wasserscheid P. Asymmetric hydrogenation catalysis via ion-pairing in chiral ionic liquids. J Mol Liq 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2013.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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52
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Wronka A, Malinowska I, Ferenc W, Cristovao B. Chromatographic Study of Novel Heteronuclear Complexes with Schiff Base as Main Ligand. Chromatographia 2014; 77:1103-1112. [PMID: 25089051 PMCID: PMC4111862 DOI: 10.1007/s10337-014-2664-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Revised: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The properties of 12 new heterodi- and heterotrinuclear complexes having general formulae [Cu2Ln(L)2(NO3)(H2O)2](NO3)2·3H2O [where Ln = Pr (1), Nd (2), Sm (3) and Eu (4)], and [CuLn(L)(NO3)2(H2O)3MeOH]NO3·MeOH [where Ln = Gd (5), Tb (6), Dy (7), Ho (8), Ef (9), Tm (10), Yb (11) and Lu (12)], and their main ligand [L = C19H18N2O4Br2 = N,N'-bis(5-bromo-3-methoxysalicylidene)propylene-1,3-diamine] have been characterized by chromatographic analyses. The parameter of relative lipophilicity (RM0) of the tested compounds was determined experimentally by reversed-phase high-performance thin layer chromatography method with mixtures of methanol and water as a mobile phase. We also described interactions between chromatographed substances and various surfaces (silica-SiO2 and modified by hydrocarbon chains-RP-2, RP-8, RP-18 phases). This study also investigates the effect of pH of the mobile phase on the retention on the polar stationary phase. Thin layer chromatography combined with magnetic and electric field has been proposed as a complementary method for the determination of physicochemical properties of the investigated compounds. The chromatograms in the field and outside of it were developed simultaneously in three identical chromatographic chambers. One of them was placed in external magnetic field of 0.4 T inductivity, and the second in external electrical field. In magnetic and electric fields, retention of some complexes changed, which indicated that the presence of these fields influenced physicochemical properties of the compounds and their interactions with the stationary phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Wronka
- Department of Planar Chromatography, Chair of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Plac Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej 3, 216 20-03 Lublin, Poland
| | - Irena Malinowska
- Department of Planar Chromatography, Chair of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Plac Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej 3, 216 20-03 Lublin, Poland
| | - Wiesława Ferenc
- Department of General and Coordination Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland
| | - Beata Cristovao
- Department of General and Coordination Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland
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53
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Zhang J, Du Y, Zhang Q, Lei Y. Evaluation of vancomycin-based synergistic system with amino acid ester chiral ionic liquids as additives for enantioseparation of non-steroidal anti-inflamatory drugs by capillary electrophoresis. Talanta 2014; 119:193-201. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Revised: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/20/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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54
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Zhang J, Du Y, Zhang Q, Chen J, Xu G, Yu T, Hua X. Investigation of the synergistic effect with amino acid-derived chiral ionic liquids as additives for enantiomeric separation in capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1316:119-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.09.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2013] [Revised: 09/14/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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55
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Lokajová J, Railila A, King AW, Wiedmer SK. Determination of the distribution constants of aromatic compounds and steroids in biphasic micellar phosphonium ionic liquid/aqueous buffer systems by capillary electrokinetic chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1308:144-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.07.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Revised: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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56
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Zhang Q, Du Y. Evaluation of the enantioselectivity of glycogen-based synergistic system with amino acid chiral ionic liquids as additives in capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1306:97-103. [PMID: 23910600 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.07.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2013] [Revised: 07/14/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, two novel amino acid chiral ILs, tetramethylammonium-l-arginine (TMA-l-Arg) and tetramethylammonium-l-aspartic acid (TMA-l-Asp), were applied for the first time in CE enantioseparation to evaluate their potential synergistic effect with glycogen as chiral selector. As observed, significantly improved separation of tested enantiomers were obtained in the chiral ILs/glycogen synergistic systems compared to the single glycogen separation system. Several primary parameters affecting the enantioseparation, such as amino acid ILs (AAILs) concentration, glycogen concentration and buffer pH, were systematically investigated. An achiral tetramethylammonium hydroxide ionic liquid (TMA-OH) modified separation system was also evaluated to validate the superiority of the novel chiral ILs/glycogen synergistic systems. To further optimize the overall synergistic systems, the effect of three other parameters, including buffer concentration, applied voltage and capillary temperature were simultaneously analyzed by a central composite design (CCD), and excellent enantioseparations were achieved with the optimized parameters. The results indicate that the application of chiral ILs/glycogen synergistic systems is a promising way in chiral separation science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
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57
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Yu J, Zuo L, Liu H, Zhang L, Guo X. Synthesis and application of a chiral ionic liquid functionalizedβ-cyclodextrin as a chiral selector in capillary electrophoresis. Biomed Chromatogr 2013; 27:1027-33. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.2900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Revised: 02/03/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Yu
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang, 103 Wenhua Road; Shenyang; 110016; People's Republic of China
| | - Lihua Zuo
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang, 103 Wenhua Road; Shenyang; 110016; People's Republic of China
| | - Hongjiao Liu
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang, 103 Wenhua Road; Shenyang; 110016; People's Republic of China
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang, 103 Wenhua Road; Shenyang; 110016; People's Republic of China
| | - Xingjie Guo
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang, 103 Wenhua Road; Shenyang; 110016; People's Republic of China
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58
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Borowiecki P, Milner-Krawczyk M, Plenkiewicz J. Chemoenzymatic synthesis and biological evaluation of enantiomerically enriched 1-(β-hydroxypropyl)imidazolium- and triazolium-based ionic liquids. Beilstein J Org Chem 2013; 9:516-25. [PMID: 23616792 PMCID: PMC3628848 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.9.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 02/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Racemic 1-(β-hydroxypropyl)azoles were prepared by solvent-free direct regioselective ring opening of 1,2-propylene oxide with imidazole or 1,2,4-triazole. Lipase-catalyzed transesterification of alcohols with vinyl acetate resulted in kinetic enantiomers resolution. Separated (S)-enantiomers of (+)-1-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)propan-2-ol and (+)-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propan-2-ol were quaternized with alkyl bromides or iodides, yielding novel optically active ionic liquids. Racemic salts were tested against a wide range of microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Borowiecki
- Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Noakowskiego St. 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
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59
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Zuo L, Meng H, Wu J, Jiang Z, Xu S, Guo X. Combined use of ionic liquid and β-CD for enantioseparation of 12 pharmaceuticals using CE. J Sep Sci 2013; 36:517-23. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201200824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2012] [Revised: 09/29/2012] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Zuo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang Liaoning Province P. R. China
| | - Heng Meng
- Research Institute of China Resources Double-Crane Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.; Chaoyang District Beijing P. R. China
| | - Jingjing Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang Liaoning Province P. R. China
| | - Zhen Jiang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang Liaoning Province P. R. China
| | - Shuying Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang Liaoning Province P. R. China
| | - Xingjie Guo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang Liaoning Province P. R. China
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Abstract
Chiral recognition phenomena play an important role in nature as well as analytical separation sciences. In separation sciences such as chromatography and capillary electrophoresis, enantiospecific interactions between the enantiomers of an analyte and the chiral selector are required in order to observe enantioseparations. Due to the large structural variety of chiral selectors applied, different mechanisms and structural features contribute to the chiral recognition process. This chapter briefly illustrates the current models of the enantiospecific recognition on the structural basics of various chiral selectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard K E Scriba
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany.
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61
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Uccello-Barretta G, Balzano F. Chiral NMR Solvating Additives for Differentiation of Enantiomers. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2013; 341:69-131. [DOI: 10.1007/128_2013_445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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62
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Abstract
Capillary electrophoresis (CE) has matured to one of the major liquid phase enantiodifferentiation techniques since the first report in 1985. This can be primarily attributed to the flexibility as well as the various modes available including electrokinetic chromatography (EKC), micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC), and microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography (MEEKC). In contrast to chromatographic techniques, the chiral selector is mobile in the background electrolyte. Furthermore, a large variety of chiral selectors are available that can be easily combined in the same separation system. In addition, the migration order of the enantiomers can be adjusted by a number of approaches. In CE enantiodifferentiations the separation principle is comparable to chromatography while the principle of the movement of the analytes in the capillary is based on electrophoretic phenomena. The present chapter will focus on mechanistic aspects of CE enantioseparations including enantiomer migration order and the current understanding of selector-selectand structures. Selected examples of the basic enantioseparation modes EKC, MEKC, and MEEKC will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard K E Scriba
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 14, 07743, Jena, Germany,
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63
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He J, Shamsi SA. Application of polymeric surfactants in chiral micellar electrokinetic chromatography (CMEKC) and CMEKC coupled to mass spectrometry. Methods Mol Biol 2013; 970:319-348. [PMID: 23283788 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-263-6_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The use of amino acid-based polymeric surfactants (a.k.a. molecular micelles) in chiral micellar electrokinetic chromatography (CMEKC) has been shown to be a successful separation mode for capillary electrophoresis (CE). In this mode, chiral compounds can be enantioseparated with high efficiency, high chiral selectivity, and versatility. This chapter describes the state-of-the art studies published in the past 5 years in CMEKC using polymeric surfactants. Recent trends in the compatibility of chiral polymeric surfactants with mass spectrometric (MS) detection suggest that this type of chiral selector may be the most promising ones for chiral CE-MS applications. The synthesis of new anionic and cationic MS-compatible polymeric surfactants and their utility in CMEKC and CMEKC-MS are demonstrated. Examples of how to run a typical CMEKC-MS experiment using univariate and multivariate optimization of CMEKC and MS parameters are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun He
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Biotechnology and Drug Design, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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64
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Borowiecki P, Milner-Krawczyk M, Brzezińska D, Wielechowska M, Plenkiewicz J. Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Imidazolium and Triazolium Chiral Ionic Liquids. European J Org Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201201245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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65
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Wang GX, Lu M, Liu LC, Wu H, Zhong M. Fe-mediated ARGET atom transfer radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate in ionic liquid-based microemulsion. J Appl Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/app.38517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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66
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Wiedmer SK, King AWT, Riekkola ML. Phosphonium-based ionic liquids in electrokinetic capillary chromatography for the separation of neutral analytes. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1253:171-6. [PMID: 22796026 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.06.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2012] [Revised: 06/24/2012] [Accepted: 06/26/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
In this work we elucidated the applicability of phosphonium-based ionic liquids (ILs) as pseudostationary phase in electrokinetic capillary chromatography (EKC) with UV-detection. The phosphonium ILs studied contain bromide, chlorine, or tosylate ions, as counter ions, and alkyl side chains of variable length on the phosphorous atom. The effects of the type and concentration of the IL, pH, ionic strength, and type of background electrolyte solution on the electroosmotic flow (EOF) and on the effective electrophoretic mobilities of some neutral model analytes were investigated and large variations in the migration times were observed. Especially the IL employed remarkably affected the strength and direction of the EOF Successful separations were obtained for neutral aromatic singly substituted analytes, namely benzene, toluene, phenol, and nitrobenzene. The results demonstrated the potential of capillary electromigration methods for rapid interaction studies between ILs and analytes, which is useful for the development of novel materials for sample preparation and separation purposes or for novel catalyst and chemical processing studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne K Wiedmer
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, POB 55, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland.
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67
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Polymeric micelle as the pseudostationary phase in electrokinetic chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1245:190-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2011] [Revised: 04/28/2012] [Accepted: 05/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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68
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Collins MP, Zhou L, Camp SE, Danielson ND. Isopropylammonium formate as a mobile phase modifier for liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr Sci 2012; 50:869-76. [PMID: 22718743 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bms084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Isopropylammonium formate (IPAF), a new alkylammonium formate (AAF) room temperature ionic liquid, has been synthesized from isopropylamine and formic acid and characterized as an organic solvent mobile phase replacement for reversed-phase liquid chromatography (LC). Characterization of IPAF solvent properties in water such as pH, conductivity, and viscosity, as well as its synthesis, is described. The LC polarity (P') and the solvent strength (S) parameters are determined to be 6.0 and 2.4, respectively, similar to those same parameters for methanol and acetonitrile. Application of this RTIL is demonstrated as an organic solvent replacement for reversed-phase LC to separate a test mixture of niacinamide, acetophenone and p-nitroaniline. The van Deemter plot profile for several columns of different dimensions, particle size, pore size and stationary phase are compared using an IPAF-water mobile phase. At flow rates above 2 mL/min, on-line mixing of the viscous IPAF with water appears not to be uniform. A flattening of the van Deemter profile is noted for particularly short (50 mm) wide bore (4.6 mm) columns packed with larger particles (10 µm). Small particle longer columns likely facilitated mixing at the beginning of the column generating typical linearly increasing van Deemeter curves. IPAF has been further shown as a function of temperature to be a non-denaturing modifier solvent for the separation of the protein cytochrome c from tryptophan compared to methanol. This is important to show, because the semi-preparative separation of native proteins using AAF mobile phases is the long-term goal of this research program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew P Collins
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA
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69
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70
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Mendes A, Branco LC, Morais C, Simplício AL. Electroosmotic flow modulation in capillary electrophoresis by organic cations from ionic liquids. Electrophoresis 2012; 33:1182-90. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201100486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Luís C. Branco
- REQUIMTE, ; Departamento de Química, ; Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia; Universidade Nova de Lisboa; Caparica; Portugal
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71
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Pino V, Germán-Hernández M, Martín-Pérez A, Anderson JL. Ionic Liquid-Based Surfactants in Separation Science. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2011.620589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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72
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Carriazo D, Serrano MC, Gutiérrez MC, Ferrer ML, del Monte F. Deep-eutectic solvents playing multiple roles in the synthesis of polymers and related materials. Chem Soc Rev 2012; 41:4996-5014. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cs15353j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 511] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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73
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Wang RQ, Ong TT, Ng SC. Chemically bonded cationic β-cyclodextrin derivatives and their applications in supercritical fluid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1224:97-103. [PMID: 22236564 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.12.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2011] [Revised: 12/13/2011] [Accepted: 12/15/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Cationic β-cyclodextrin (CD) perphenylcarbamoylated derivatives were chemically bonded onto vinylized silica using a radical co-polymerization reaction. The derived materials were used as chiral stationary phases (CSP) in supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC). Enantioseparations were successfully demonstrated on 14 racemates encompassing flavanones, thiazides and amino acid derivatives. The electrostatic force between the analytes and the cationic moiety on β-CD derivative was found to be important for retention and enantioseparation of the racemates. Aromatic cationic moiety on β-CD enabled better enantioseparations than aliphatic cationic moiety. It was also found that the presence of acid additives would result in lower retention of the analytes but often assist the chiral resolutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren-Qi Wang
- Division of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, College of Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637459, Singapore
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74
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Payagala T, Armstrong DW. Chiral ionic liquids: a compendium of syntheses and applications (2005-2012). Chirality 2011; 24:17-53. [PMID: 22144292 DOI: 10.1002/chir.21975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2011] [Accepted: 09/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the field of chiral ionic liquids (CILs) has undergone exponential growth. As the technology has advanced, new ways of synthesizing stable and structurally diverse ionic liquids have been established. This has led to heretofore unknown applications of CILs as well as in improving efficiency of previously identified applications. In this review article we have compiled a comprehensive database containing structures and physical properties of notable CILs that have been synthesized during the last 6 years. Their applications in the fields of asymmetric organic synthesis, spectroscopy, and chromatography are also illustrated. This is an expansion of our previous review, which covered the literature before 2005.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tharanga Payagala
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA
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75
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Tang F, Zhang Q, Ren D, Nie Z, Liu Q, Yao S. Functional amino acid ionic liquids as solvent and selector in chiral extraction. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1217:4669-74. [PMID: 20965081 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2009] [Revised: 05/03/2010] [Accepted: 05/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Amino acid ionic liquids (AAILs) have received great attention due to their potentials in catalysis and separations. In this work, functional AAILs were used as solvent and selector in chiral liquid–liquid extraction for the first time. The AAILs have shown distinct enantioselectivity in amino acid extraction. Using these functional AAILs as acceptor phase and ethylacetate as donor phase, more L-enantiomer of amino acid was extracted into the ionic liquid phase than that of D-enantiomer. The influencing factors, including AAILs structure, copper ion concentration, organic phase and amino acid concentration, were investigated. We found that the enantioselective enrichment of racemic amino acids was achieved through a chiral ligand-exchange mechanism. The enantioselectivity of single-step extraction was up to enantiomeric excess value of 50.6%. Moreover, the functional AAILs were found to be efficient extraction solvents for amino acids. The logarithm of distribution coefficient for L-Phe was in the range of 3.4–3.6 in the ionic liquid–ethylacetate two-phase system. This liquid–liquid extraction approach may extend the application of ionic liquids in chiral separations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Tang
- State Key Lab of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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76
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Lu H, Chen G. Recent advances of enantioseparations in capillary electrophoresis and capillary electrochromatography. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2011; 3:488-508. [PMID: 32938063 DOI: 10.1039/c0ay00489h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive survey of recent developments and applications of capillary electromigration techniques for enantioseparations from January 2006 to June 2010 is presented. The techniques include capillary electrophoresis, chip capillary electrophoresis and capillary electrochromatography. The separation principles and the chiral recognition mechanisms are discussed. Additionally, on-line preconcentrations in chiral capillary electrophoresis are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huang Lu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Guonan Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
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77
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78
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El Deeb S, Iriban MA, Gust R. MEKC as a powerful growing analytical technique. Electrophoresis 2010; 32:166-83. [PMID: 21171121 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201000398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2010] [Revised: 09/30/2010] [Accepted: 09/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes the principle and the developments in MEKC in terms of separation power, sensitivity, and detection approaches more than 25 years after its appearance. Newly used surfactants are mentioned. Classical and new sample concentration techniques in MEKC are described. The different detection approaches in MEKC with advantages, limitations, and future prospects are also discussed. This review highlights the wider application of MEKC in different analytical fields. Various recent selected applications of this technique in different analytical fields are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami El Deeb
- Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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79
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Development and validation of a nonaqueous capillary electrophoretic method for the enantiomeric purity determination of a synthetic intermediate of new 3,4-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-2H-1-benzopyrans using a single-isomer anionic cyclodextrin derivative and an ionic liquid. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:7949-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2010] [Revised: 06/18/2010] [Accepted: 07/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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80
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Ma Z, Zhang L, Lin L, Ji P, Guo X. Enantioseparation of rabeprazole and omeprazole by nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis with an ephedrine-based ionic liquid as the chiral selector. Biomed Chromatogr 2010; 24:1332-7. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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81
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De Rooy SL, Li M, Bwambok DK, El-Zahab B, Challa S, Warner IM. Ephedrinium-based protic chiral ionic liquids for enantiomeric recognition. Chirality 2010; 23:54-62. [DOI: 10.1002/chir.20920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2009] [Accepted: 07/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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82
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Cao J, Qu H, Cheng Y. The use of novel ionic liquid-in-water microemulsion without the addition of organic solvents in a capillary electrophoretic system. Electrophoresis 2010; 31:3492-8. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201000168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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83
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Smirnova NA, Safonova EA. Ionic liquids as surfactants. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A 2010. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036024410100067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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84
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Truong TKT, Vo-Thanh G. Synthesis of functionalized chiral ammonium, imidazolium, and pyridinium-based ionic liquids derived from (−)-ephedrine using solvent-free microwave activation. Applications for the asymmetric Michael addition. Tetrahedron 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2010.03.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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85
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Bwambok DK, Challa SK, Lowry M, Warner IM. Amino Acid-Based Fluorescent Chiral Ionic Liquid for Enantiomeric Recognition. Anal Chem 2010; 82:5028-37. [DOI: 10.1021/ac9027774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David K. Bwambok
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803
| | - Santhosh K. Challa
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803
| | - Mark Lowry
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803
| | - Isiah M. Warner
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803
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86
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Zhang Z, Wu R, Wu M, Zou H. Recent progress of chiral monolithic stationary phases in CEC and capillary LC. Electrophoresis 2010; 31:1457-66. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200900672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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87
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Ionic liquids in analytical chemistry. Anal Chim Acta 2010; 661:1-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2009.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 587] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2009] [Revised: 12/04/2009] [Accepted: 12/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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88
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Wang B, He J, Bianchi V, Shamsi SA. Combined use of chiral ionic liquid and CD for MEKC: Part II. Determination of binding constants. Electrophoresis 2010; 30:2820-8. [PMID: 19691050 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200800852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A competitive inhibition mechanism is proposed to investigate the interactions among 2,3,6-tri-O-methyl-beta-CD (TM-beta-CD), cationic ionic liquid type surfactants, N-undecenoxy-carbonyl-L-leucinol bromide (L-UCLB) and profens using affinity CE. The apparent binding constant of TM-beta-CD to L-UCLB was estimated by nonlinear and linear plotting methods. The binding constants of one representative profen (e.g. fenoprofen) to TM-beta-CD and L-UCLB were estimated by a secondary plotting approach. The R- and S-fenoprofens have different binding constant values, resulting in the enantioseparation due to the synergistic effect of the two chiral selectors, TM-beta-CD and L-UCLB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Biotechnology and Drug Design, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
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89
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Mikus P, Maráková K. Advanced CE for chiral analysis of drugs, metabolites, and biomarkers in biological samples. Electrophoresis 2010; 30:2773-802. [PMID: 19653234 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200900173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
An analysis of recent trends indicates that CE can show real advantages over chromatographic methods in ultratrace enantioselective determination of biologically active compounds in complex biological matrices. It is due to high separation efficiency and many applicable in-capillary electromigration effects in CE (countercurrent migration, stacking effects) enhancing significantly (enantio)separability and enabling effective sample preparation (preconcentration, purification, analyte derivatization). Other possible on-line combinations of CE, such as column coupled CE-CE techniques and implementation of nonelectrophoretic techniques (extraction, membrane filtration, flow injection) into CE, offer additional approaches for highly effective sample preparation and separation. CE matured to a highly flexible and compatible technique enabling its hyphenation with powerful detection systems allowing extremely sensitive detection (e.g. LIF) and/or structural characterization of analytes (e.g. MS). Within the last decade, more as well as less conventional analytical on-line approaches have been effectively utilized in this field and their practical potentialities are demonstrated on many new application examples in this article. Here, three basic areas of (enantioselective) drug bioanalysis are highlighted and supported by a brief theoretical description of each individual approach in a compact review structure (to create integrated view on the topic), including (i) progressive enantioseparation approaches and new enantioselective agents, (ii) in-capillary sample preparation (preconcentration, purification, derivatization), and (iii) detection possibilities related to enhanced sensitivity and structural characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Mikus
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Nuclear Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
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90
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Wang B, He J, Bianchi V, Shamsi SA. Combined use of chiral ionic liquid and cyclodextrin for MEKC: Part I. Simultaneous enantioseparation of anionic profens. Electrophoresis 2010; 30:2812-9. [PMID: 19650046 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200800851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The enantiomers of five profen drugs were simultaneously separated by MEKC with the combined use of 2,3,6-tri-O-methyl-beta-cyclodextrin and chiral cationic ionic liquid, N-undecenoxy-carbonyl-L-leucinol bromide, which formed micelles in aqueous buffers. Enantioseparations of these profen drugs were optimized by varying the chain length and concentration of the IL surfactant using a standard recipe containing 35 mM 2,3,6-tri-O-methyl-beta-cyclodextrin, 5 mM sodium acetate at pH 5.0. The batch-to-batch reproducibility of N-undecenoxy-carbonyl-L-leucinol bromide was tested and found to have no significant impact in terms of enantiomeric resolution, efficiency, and migration time. Finally, this method was successfully applied for the quantitative determination of ibuprofen in pharmaceutical tablets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Biotechnology and Drug Design, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
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91
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Wiedmer SK, Lokajová J, Riekkola ML. Marker compounds for the determination of retention factors in EKC. J Sep Sci 2009; 33:394-409. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200900625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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92
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Schulz PS, Schneiders K, Wasserscheid P. Aggregation behaviour of chiral ionic liquids. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2009.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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93
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Hu S, Chen Y, Zhu H, Zhu J, Yan N, Chen X. In situ synthesis of di-n-butyl l-tartrate–boric acid complex chiral selector and its application in chiral microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:7932-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2009] [Revised: 09/11/2009] [Accepted: 09/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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94
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KrÌÃzÌek T, Breitbach ZS, Armstrong DW, TesarÌová E, Coufal P. Separation of inorganic and small organic anions by CE using phosphonium-based mono- and dicationic reagents. Electrophoresis 2009; 30:3955-63. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200900416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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95
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Green O, Grubjesic S, Lee S, Firestone MA. The Design of Polymeric Ionic Liquids for the Preparation of Functional Materials. POLYM REV 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/15583720903291116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 257] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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96
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Li M, Gardella J, Bwambok DK, El-Zahab B, de Rooy S, Cole M, Lowry M, Warner IM. Combinatorial Approach to Enantiomeric Discrimination: Synthesis and 19F NMR Screening of a Chiral Ionic Liquid-Modified Silane Library. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 11:1105-14. [DOI: 10.1021/cc900113p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, and Department of Chemistry and Physics, Louisiana State University—Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana 71105
| | - Jerry Gardella
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, and Department of Chemistry and Physics, Louisiana State University—Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana 71105
| | - David K. Bwambok
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, and Department of Chemistry and Physics, Louisiana State University—Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana 71105
| | - Bilal El-Zahab
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, and Department of Chemistry and Physics, Louisiana State University—Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana 71105
| | - Sergio de Rooy
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, and Department of Chemistry and Physics, Louisiana State University—Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana 71105
| | - Marsha Cole
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, and Department of Chemistry and Physics, Louisiana State University—Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana 71105
| | - Mark Lowry
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, and Department of Chemistry and Physics, Louisiana State University—Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana 71105
| | - Isiah M. Warner
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, and Department of Chemistry and Physics, Louisiana State University—Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana 71105
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97
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Liu Q, Wu K, Tang F, Yao L, Yang F, Nie Z, Yao S. Amino Acid Ionic Liquids as Chiral Ligands in Ligand-Exchange Chiral Separations. Chemistry 2009; 15:9889-96. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200900982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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98
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Luo S, Zhang L, Cheng JP. Functionalized Chiral Ionic Liquids: A New Type of Asymmetric Organocatalysts and Nonclassical Chiral Ligands. Chem Asian J 2009; 4:1184-95. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.200900080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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99
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Ionic liquids used in and analyzed by capillary and microchip electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:4817-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2009] [Revised: 04/03/2009] [Accepted: 04/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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100
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Niu J, Qiu H, Li J, Liu X, Jiang S. 1-Hexadecyl-3-methylimidazolium Ionic Liquid as a New Cationic Surfactant for Separation of Phenolic Compounds by MEKC. Chromatographia 2009. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-009-1028-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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