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Takamura A, Watanabe D, Shimada R, Ozawa T. Comprehensive modeling of bloodstain aging by multivariate Raman spectral resolution with kinetics. Commun Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1038/s42004-019-0217-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractBlood, as a cardinal biological system, is a challenging target for biochemical characterization because of sample complexity and a lack of analytical approaches. To reveal and evaluate aging process of blood compositions is an unexplored issue in forensic analysis, which is useful to elucidate the details of a crime. Here we demonstrate a spectral deconvolution model of near-infrared Raman spectra of bloodstain to comprehensively describe the aging process based on the chemical mechanism, particularly the kinetics. The bloodstain spectra monitored over several months at different temperatures are decomposed into significant spectral components by multivariate calculation. The kinetic schemes of the spectral components are explored and subsequently incorporated into the developed algorithm for the optimal spectral resolution. Consequently, the index of bloodstain aging is proposed, which can be used under different experimental conditions. This work provides a novel perspective on the chemical mechanisms in bloodstain aging and facilitates forensic applications.
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Esparza I, Wang R, Kurouski D. Surface-Enhanced Raman Analysis of Underlaying Colorants on Redyed Hair. Anal Chem 2019; 91:7313-7318. [PMID: 31055931 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b01021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Forensic examination of hair evidence can help with establishing a connection between a suspect and a crime scene or demonstrate the absence of such connections. Currently, it is primarily done by a subjective microscopic examination which can only elucidate the species of origin and, if human, the part of the body the hair came from. Several years ago, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) was proposed for advanced forensic analysis of hair ( Kurouski , D. ; Van Duyne , R. P. In situ detection and identification of hair dyes using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) . Anal. Chem. 2015 , 87 , 2901 - 2906 . DOI: 10.1021/ac504405u ). It was shown that SERS could be used to determine whether hair was dyed or not and even reveal what commercial hair colorant was used. Expanding upon those findings, we show that SERS is capable of probing the original colorant even if hair was redyed afterward. Specifically, we were able to detect and identify the underlaying blue semipermanent colorant on hair redyed by both black semipermanent and black permanent colorants. We also demonstrate that original black permanent colorant could be detected by SERS if the hair was recolored by blue semipermanent dye. However, it could not if the hair was recolored by another (blue or black) permanent dye. We also provide experimental evidence that SERS can be used to detect the dye on hair colored more than two months prior to its spectroscopic examination. These experimental findings substantially expand capabilities of SERS in forensics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Esparza
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics , Texas A&M University , College Station , Texas 77843 , United States
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics , Texas A&M University , College Station , Texas 77843 , United States
| | - Dmitry Kurouski
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics , Texas A&M University , College Station , Texas 77843 , United States.,The Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering , Texas A&M University , College Station , Texas 77843 , United States
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Takamura A, Halamkova L, Ozawa T, Lednev IK. Phenotype Profiling for Forensic Purposes: Determining Donor Sex Based on Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy of Urine Traces. Anal Chem 2019; 91:6288-6295. [PMID: 30986037 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b01058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Forensic science is an important field of analytical chemistry where vibrational spectroscopy, in particular Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy, present advantages as they have a nondestructive nature, high selectivity, and no need for sample preparation. Herein, we demonstrate a method for determination of donor sex, based on attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR FT-IR) spectroscopy of dry urine traces. Trace body fluid evidence is of special importance to the modern criminal investigation as a source of individualizing DNA evidence. However, individual identification of a urine donor is generally difficult because of the small amount of DNA. Therefore, the development of an innovative method to provide phenotype information about the urine donor-including sex-is highly desirable. In this study, we developed a multivariate discriminant model for the ATR FT-IR spectra of dry urine to identify the donor sex. Rigorous selection of significant wavenumbers on the spectrum using a genetic algorithm enabled superb discrimination performance for the model and conclusively indicated a chemical origin for donor sex differences, which was supported by physiological knowledge. Although further investigations need to be conducted, this proof-of-concept study demonstrates the great potential of the developed methodology for phenotype profiling based on the analysis of urine traces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayari Takamura
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1, Hongo , Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033 , Japan.,First Department of Forensic Science , National Research Institute of Police Science , 6-3-1, Kashiwanoha , Kashiwa , Chiba 277-0882 , Japan
| | - Lenka Halamkova
- Department of Chemistry , University at Albany, SUNY , 1400 Washington Avenue , Albany , New York 12222 , United States
| | - Takeaki Ozawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1, Hongo , Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033 , Japan
| | - Igor K Lednev
- Department of Chemistry , University at Albany, SUNY , 1400 Washington Avenue , Albany , New York 12222 , United States
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Zhang K, Wang Q, Liu R, Wei X, Li Z, Fan S, Wang Z. Evaluating the effects of causes of death on postmortem interval estimation by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. Int J Legal Med 2019; 134:565-574. [PMID: 30911838 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-019-02042-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Estimating postmortem interval (PMI) is one of the most challenging tasks in forensic practice due to the effects of many factors. Here, attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy combined with chemometrics was utilized to evaluate the effects of causes of death when estimating PMI and to establish a partial least square (PLS) regression model, which can precisely predict PMI under different causes of death. First, the sensitivities to causes of death (brainstem injury, mechanical asphyxia, and hemorrhage shock) of seven kinds of organs were evaluated based on their degrees of cohesion and separation. Then, the liver was selected as the most sensitive organ to establish a PMI estimation model to compare the predicted deviations from different causes of death. It turns out that the cause of death has no significant effect on estimating PMI. Next, a PLS regression model was built with kidney tissues, which have the lowest sensitivity, and this model showed a satisfactory predictive ability and wide applicability. This study demonstrates the feasibility of using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy in conjunction with chemometrics as a powerful alternative for detecting changes in biochemistry and estimating PMI. A new perspective was also provided for evaluating the effect of causes of death when predicting PMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhang
- Department of Forensic Pathology, College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruina Liu
- Department of Forensic Pathology, College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Wei
- Department of Forensic Pathology, College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhouru Li
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuanliang Fan
- Department of Forensic Pathology, College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhenyuan Wang
- Department of Forensic Pathology, College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, People's Republic of China.
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Dasenaki ME, Thomaidis NS. Quality and Authenticity Control of Fruit Juices-A Review. Molecules 2019; 24:E1014. [PMID: 30871258 PMCID: PMC6470824 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24061014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Food fraud, being the act of intentional adulteration of food for financial advantage, has vexed the consumers and the food industry throughout history. According to the European Committee on the Environment, Public Health and Food Safety, fruit juices are included in the top 10 food products that are most at risk of food fraud. Therefore, reliable, efficient, sensitive and cost-effective analytical methodologies need to be developed continuously to guarantee fruit juice quality and safety. This review covers the latest advances in the past ten years concerning the targeted and non-targeted methodologies that have been developed to assure fruit juice authenticity and to preclude adulteration. Emphasis is placed on the use of hyphenated techniques and on the constantly-growing role of MS-based metabolomics in fruit juice quality control area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilena E Dasenaki
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zographou, 15771 Athens, Greece.
| | - Nikolaos S Thomaidis
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zographou, 15771 Athens, Greece.
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Fikiet MA, Lednev IK. Raman spectroscopic method for semen identification: Azoospermia. Talanta 2019; 194:385-389. [PMID: 30609548 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Semen evidence can be of critical importance in assault cases. In the past, semen confirmatory tests relied solely on the presence of sperm. However, current semen tests rely on the detection of proteins in the seminal fluid because some semen contains no sperm, a condition called azoospermia. Our laboratory has been developing a Raman spectroscopic test for identification of dry traces of body fluids, including semen, for forensic purposes. An automatic software has already been built for differentiating all the main body fluids (Muro et al., 2016). The main objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of Raman spectroscopy to identify semen traces in the absence of sperm. For this purpose, a comparative analysis of Raman spectra of semen, seminal fluid and sperm samples obtained from several donors was conducted. It was determined that the contribution of seminal fluid dominates the Raman spectra of semen. This was further confirmed by analyzing Raman spectra of semen obtained from a donor who had had a vasectomy. All of the individual spectra from seminal fluid and azoospermatic semen were correctly identified with a previously made chemometric model as semen. It was concluded that the presence of sperm is not necessary for the correct identification of semen using Raman spectroscopy and chemometrics. This further demonstrates the great potential of Raman spectroscopy as a universal tool for confirmatory identification of all main body fluids for forensic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisia A Fikiet
- Chemistry Department, University at Albany, SUNY, 1400 Washington Ave, Albany, NY 12222, United States
| | - Igor K Lednev
- Chemistry Department, University at Albany, SUNY, 1400 Washington Ave, Albany, NY 12222, United States.
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58
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Fikiet MA, Khandasammy SR, Mistek E, Ahmed Y, Halámková L, Bueno J, Lednev IK. Forensics: evidence examination via Raman spectroscopy. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2019. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2017-0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Forensic science can be broadly defined as the application of any of the scientific method to solving a crime. Within forensic science there are many different disciplines, however, for the majority of them, five main concepts shape the nature of forensic examination: transfer, identification, classification/individualization, association, and reconstruction. The concepts of identification, classification/individualization, and association rely greatly on analytical chemistry techniques. It is, therefore, no stretch to see how one of the rising stars of analytical chemistry techniques, Raman spectroscopy, could be of use. Raman spectroscopy is known for needing a small amount of sample, being non-destructive, and very substance specific, all of which make it ideal for analyzing crime scene evidence. The purpose of this chapter is to show the state of new methods development for forensic applications based on Raman spectroscopy published between 2015 and 2017.
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Inoue M, Hisada H, Koide T, Fukami T, Roy A, Carriere J, Heyler R. Transmission Low-Frequency Raman Spectroscopy for Quantification of Crystalline Polymorphs in Pharmaceutical Tablets. Anal Chem 2019; 91:1997-2003. [PMID: 30606009 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b04365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to quantify polymorphs of active pharmaceutical ingredients in pharmaceutical tablets using a novel transmission low-frequency Raman spectroscopy method. We developed a novel transmission geometry for low-frequency Raman spectroscopy and compared quantitative ability in transmission mode versus backscattering mode using chemometrics. We prepared two series of tablets, (1) containing different weight-based contents of carbamazepine form III and (2) including different ratios of carbamazepine polymorphs (forms I/III). From the relationship between the contents of carbamazepine form III and partial least-squares (PLS) predictions in the tablets, correlation coefficients in transmission mode ( R2 = 0.98) were found to be higher than in backscattering mode ( R2 = 0.97). The root-mean-square error of cross-validation (RMSECV) of the transmission mode was 3.9 compared to 4.9 for the backscattering mode. The tablets containing a mixture of carbamazepine (I/III) polymorphs were measured by transmission low-frequency Raman spectroscopy, and it was found that the spectral shape changed according to the ratio of polymorphs: the relationship between the actual content and the prediction showed high correlation. These findings indicate that transmission low-frequency Raman spectroscopy possesses the potential to complement existing analytical methods for the quantification of polymorphs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoki Inoue
- Department of Molecular Pharmaceutics , Meiji Pharmaceutical University , 2-522-1, Noshio , Kiyose , Tokyo 204-8588 , Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hisada
- Department of Molecular Pharmaceutics , Meiji Pharmaceutical University , 2-522-1, Noshio , Kiyose , Tokyo 204-8588 , Japan
| | - Tatsuo Koide
- Division of Drugs , National Institute of Health Sciences , 3-25-26, Tonomachi , Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki , Kanagawa 210-9501 , Japan
| | - Toshiro Fukami
- Department of Molecular Pharmaceutics , Meiji Pharmaceutical University , 2-522-1, Noshio , Kiyose , Tokyo 204-8588 , Japan
| | - Anjan Roy
- Ondax Incorporated , 850 East Duarte Road , Monrovia , California 91016 , United States
| | - James Carriere
- Ondax Incorporated , 850 East Duarte Road , Monrovia , California 91016 , United States
| | - Randy Heyler
- Ondax Incorporated , 850 East Duarte Road , Monrovia , California 91016 , United States
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Mistek E, Fikiet MA, Khandasammy SR, Lednev IK. Toward Locard's Exchange Principle: Recent Developments in Forensic Trace Evidence Analysis. Anal Chem 2018; 91:637-654. [PMID: 30404441 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b04704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Mistek
- Department of Chemistry , University at Albany, SUNY , 1400 Washington Avenue , Albany , New York 12222 , United States
| | - Marisia A Fikiet
- Department of Chemistry , University at Albany, SUNY , 1400 Washington Avenue , Albany , New York 12222 , United States
| | - Shelby R Khandasammy
- Department of Chemistry , University at Albany, SUNY , 1400 Washington Avenue , Albany , New York 12222 , United States
| | - Igor K Lednev
- Department of Chemistry , University at Albany, SUNY , 1400 Washington Avenue , Albany , New York 12222 , United States
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61
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On the use of spectra from portable Raman and ATR-IR instruments in synthesis route attribution of a chemical warfare agent by multivariate modeling. Talanta 2018; 186:622-627. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.02.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Wentzell PD, Wicks CC, Braga JW, Soares LF, Pastore TC, Coradin VT, Davrieux F. Implications of measurement error structure on the visualization of multivariate chemical data: hazards and alternatives. CAN J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2017-0730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The analysis of multivariate chemical data is commonplace in fields ranging from metabolomics to forensic classification. Many of these studies rely on exploratory visualization methods that represent the multidimensional data in spaces of lower dimensionality, such as hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) or principal components analysis (PCA). However, such methods rely on assumptions of independent measurement errors with uniform variance and can fail to reveal important information when these assumptions are violated, as they often are for chemical data. This work demonstrates how two alternative methods, maximum likelihood principal components analysis (MLPCA) and projection pursuit analysis (PPA), can reveal chemical information hidden from more traditional techniques. Experimental data to compare different methods consists of near-infrared (NIR) reflectance spectra from 108 samples of wood that are derived from four different species of Brazilian trees. The measurement error characteristics of the spectra are examined and it is shown that, by incorporating measurement error information into the data analysis (through MLPCA) or using alternative projection criteria (i.e., PPA), samples can be separated by species. These techniques are proposed as powerful tools for multivariate data analysis in chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter D. Wentzell
- Trace Analysis Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, P.O. Box 15000, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Chelsi C. Wicks
- Trace Analysis Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, P.O. Box 15000, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Jez W.B. Braga
- Chemistry Institute, University of Brasilia, Brasília, 72910-000, Brasilia, DF, Brasil
| | - Liz F. Soares
- Chemistry Institute, University of Brasilia, Brasília, 72910-000, Brasilia, DF, Brasil
| | - Tereza C.M. Pastore
- Forest Products Laboratory, Brazilian Forest Service, 70818-970, Brasilia, DF, Brasil
| | - Vera T.R. Coradin
- Forest Products Laboratory, Brazilian Forest Service, 70818-970, Brasilia, DF, Brasil
| | - Fabrice Davrieux
- French Agricultural Research Center for International Development, CIRAD-UMR Qualisud, F-34398, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
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63
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Silva CS, Pimentel MF, Amigo JM, García-Ruiz C, Ortega-Ojeda F. Chemometric approaches for document dating: Handling paper variability. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1031:28-37. [PMID: 30119741 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
A non-destructive methodology based on Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) is proposed in this research to estimate the age of documents of different ages. Due the variability in the samples caused by their different chemical compositions, chemometric approaches were proposed to build one unique regression model able to determine the age of the paper regardless of its composition. PLS models were built employing Generalized Least Squares Weighting (GLSW) and Orthogonal Least Squares (OLS) filters to reduce the variability of samples from the same year. Afterwards, sparse PLS, which is an extension of the PLS model including a variable selection step, was applied to compare its performance with the preprocessing filters. All techniques proposed were compared to the initial PLS models, showing the potential of the chemometric approaches applied to FTIR data to estimate the age of unknown documents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina S Silva
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária, Recife, Brazil.
| | - Maria Fernanda Pimentel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária, Recife, Brazil
| | - José Manuel Amigo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária, Recife, Brazil; Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 30, Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Carmen García-Ruiz
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University Institute of Research in Police Sciences (IUICP), University of Alcalá, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona Km. 33.6, 28871, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Ortega-Ojeda
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University Institute of Research in Police Sciences (IUICP), University of Alcalá, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona Km. 33.6, 28871, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
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64
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Doty KC, Lednev IK. Raman spectroscopy for forensic purposes: Recent applications for serology and gunshot residue analysis. Trends Analyt Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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65
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Soft and Robust Identification of Body Fluid Using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Chemometric Strategies for Forensic Analysis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8459. [PMID: 29855535 PMCID: PMC5981217 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26873-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Body fluid (BF) identification is a critical part of a criminal investigation because of its ability to suggest how the crime was committed and to provide reliable origins of DNA. In contrast to current methods using serological and biochemical techniques, vibrational spectroscopic approaches provide alternative advantages for forensic BF identification, such as non-destructivity and versatility for various BF types and analytical interests. However, unexplored issues remain for its practical application to forensics; for example, a specific BF needs to be discriminated from all other suspicious materials as well as other BFs, and the method should be applicable even to aged BF samples. Herein, we describe an innovative modeling method for discriminating the ATR FT-IR spectra of various BFs, including peripheral blood, saliva, semen, urine and sweat, to meet the practical demands described above. Spectra from unexpected non-BF samples were efficiently excluded as outliers by adopting the Q-statistics technique. The robustness of the models against aged BFs was significantly improved by using the discrimination scheme of a dichotomous classification tree with hierarchical clustering. The present study advances the use of vibrational spectroscopy and a chemometric strategy for forensic BF identification.
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66
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Khandasammy SR, Fikiet MA, Mistek E, Ahmed Y, Halámková L, Bueno J, Lednev IK. Bloodstains, paintings, and drugs: Raman spectroscopy applications in forensic science. Forensic Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forc.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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67
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Zhang S, Song Z, Godaliyadda GMDP, Ye DH, Chowdhury AU, Sengupta A, Buzzard GT, Bouman CA, Simpson GJ. Dynamic Sparse Sampling for Confocal Raman Microscopy. Anal Chem 2018; 90:4461-4469. [PMID: 29521493 PMCID: PMC6025898 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b04749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The total number of data points required for image generation in Raman microscopy was greatly reduced using sparse sampling strategies, in which the preceding set of measurements informed the next most information-rich sampling location. Using this approach, chemical images of pharmaceutical materials were obtained with >99% accuracy from 15.8% sampling, representing an ∼6-fold reduction in measurement time relative to full field of view rastering with comparable image quality. This supervised learning approach to dynamic sampling (SLADS) has the distinct advantage of being directly compatible with standard confocal Raman instrumentation. Furthermore, SLADS is not limited to Raman imaging, potentially providing time-savings in image reconstruction whenever the single-pixel measurement time is the limiting factor in image generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijie Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Zhengtian Song
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - G. M. Dilshan P. Godaliyadda
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47097, United States
| | - Dong Hye Ye
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47097, United States
| | - Azhad U. Chowdhury
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Atanu Sengupta
- Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories, IPDO, Bachupally Campus, Hyderabad, Telengana 500090, India
| | - Gregery T. Buzzard
- Department of Mathematics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47097, United States
| | - Charles A. Bouman
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47097, United States
| | - Garth J. Simpson
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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Zulkifli SN, Rahim HA, Lau WJ. Detection of contaminants in water supply: A review on state-of-the-art monitoring technologies and their applications. SENSORS AND ACTUATORS. B, CHEMICAL 2018; 255:2657-2689. [PMID: 32288249 PMCID: PMC7126548 DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2017.09.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Water monitoring technologies are widely used for contaminants detection in wide variety of water ecology applications such as water treatment plant and water distribution system. A tremendous amount of research has been conducted over the past decades to develop robust and efficient techniques of contaminants detection with minimum operating cost and energy. Recent developments in spectroscopic techniques and biosensor approach have improved the detection sensitivities, quantitatively and qualitatively. The availability of in-situ measurements and multiple detection analyses has expanded the water monitoring applications in various advanced techniques including successful establishment in hand-held sensing devices which improves portability in real-time basis for the detection of contaminant, such as microorganisms, pesticides, heavy metal ions, inorganic and organic components. This paper intends to review the developments in water quality monitoring technologies for the detection of biological and chemical contaminants in accordance with instrumental limitations. Particularly, this review focuses on the most recently developed techniques for water contaminant detection applications. Several recommendations and prospective views on the developments in water quality assessments will also be included.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Herlina Abdul Rahim
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Woei-Jye Lau
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
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Lee LC, Liong CY, Jemain AA. Partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) for classification of high-dimensional (HD) data: a review of contemporary practice strategies and knowledge gaps. Analyst 2018; 143:3526-3539. [DOI: 10.1039/c8an00599k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 261] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
This review highlights and discusses critically various knowledge gaps in classification modelling using PLS-DA for high dimensional data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loong Chuen Lee
- Forensic Science Programme
- FSK
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
- 50300 Kuala Lumpur
- Malaysia
| | - Choong-Yeun Liong
- Statistics Programme
- FST
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
- 43600 Bangi
- Malaysia
| | - Abdul Aziz Jemain
- Statistics Programme
- FST
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
- 43600 Bangi
- Malaysia
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70
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Álvarez Á, Yáñez J, Contreras D, Saavedra R, Sáez P, Amarasiriwardena D. Propellant’s differentiation using FTIR-photoacoustic detection for forensic studies of improvised explosive devices. Forensic Sci Int 2017; 280:169-175. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2017.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 09/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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71
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Estimation of the age of human bloodstains under the simulated indoor and outdoor crime scene conditions by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13254. [PMID: 29038589 PMCID: PMC5643403 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13725-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Estimation of the age of human bloodstains is of great importance in forensic practices, but it is a challenging task because of the lack of a well-accepted, reliable, and established method. Here, the attenuated total reflection (ATR)-Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) technique combined with advanced chemometric methods was utilized to determine the age of indoor and outdoor bloodstains up to 107 days. The bloodstain storage conditions mimicked crime scene scenarios as closely as possible. Two partial least squares regression models—indoor and outdoor models with 7–85 days—exhibited good performance for external validation, with low values of predictive root mean squared error (5.83 and 4.77) and high R2 values (0.94 and 0.96) and residual predictive deviation (4.08 and 5.14), respectively. Two partial least squares–discriminant analysis classification models were built and demonstrated excellent distinction between fresh (age ≤1 d) and older (age >1 d) bloodstains, which is highly valuable for forensic investigations. These findings demonstrate that ATR-FTIR spectroscopy coupled with advanced chemometric methods can be employed as a rapid and non-destructive tool for age estimation of bloodstains in real-world forensic investigation.
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72
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Silva CS, Pimentel MF, Amigo JM, Honorato RS, Pasquini C. Detecting semen stains on fabrics using near infrared hyperspectral images and multivariate models. Trends Analyt Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2017.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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73
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Takamura A, Watanabe K, Akutsu T, Ikegaya H, Ozawa T. Spectral Mining for Discriminating Blood Origins in the Presence of Substrate Interference via Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy: Postmortem or Antemortem Blood? Anal Chem 2017; 89:9797-9804. [PMID: 28809481 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b01756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Often in criminal investigations, discrimination of types of body fluid evidence is crucially important to ascertain how a crime was committed. Compared to current methods using biochemical techniques, vibrational spectroscopic approaches can provide versatile applicability to identify various body fluid types without sample invasion. However, their applicability is limited to pure body fluid samples because important signals from body fluids incorporated in a substrate are affected strongly by interference from substrate signals. Herein, we describe a novel approach to recover body fluid signals that are embedded in strong substrate interferences using attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR FT-IR) spectroscopy and an innovative multivariate spectral processing. This technique supported detection of covert features of body fluid signals, and then identified origins of body fluid stains on substrates. We discriminated between ATR FT-IR spectra of postmortem blood (PB) and those of antemortem blood (AB) by creating a multivariate statistics model. From ATR FT-IR spectra of PB and AB stains on interfering substrates (polyester, cotton, and denim), blood-originated signals were extracted by a weighted linear regression approach we developed originally using principal components of both blood and substrate spectra. The blood-originated signals were finally classified by the discriminant model, demonstrating high discriminant accuracy. The present method can identify body fluid evidence independently of the substrate type, which is expected to promote the application of vibrational spectroscopic techniques in forensic body fluid analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayari Takamura
- First Department of Forensic Science, National Research Institute of Police Science , 6-3-1, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-0882, Japan.,Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Ken Watanabe
- First Department of Forensic Science, National Research Institute of Police Science , 6-3-1, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-0882, Japan
| | - Tomoko Akutsu
- First Department of Forensic Science, National Research Institute of Police Science , 6-3-1, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-0882, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ikegaya
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine , 465 Kajii-cho, Hirokoji Agaru, Kawaramachi-dori, Kamigyo, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Takeaki Ozawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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74
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Mohamad Asri MN, Mat Desa WNS, Ismail D. Source Determination of Red Gel Pen Inks using Raman Spectroscopy and Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy combined with Pearson's Product Moment Correlation Coefficients and Principal Component Analysis. J Forensic Sci 2017; 63:285-291. [PMID: 28480527 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.13522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The potential combination of two nondestructive techniques, that is, Raman spectroscopy (RS) and attenuated total reflectance-fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy with Pearson's product moment correlation (PPMC) coefficient (r) and principal component analysis (PCA) to determine the actual source of red gel pen ink used to write a simulated threatening note, was examined. Eighteen (18) red gel pens purchased from Japan and Malaysia from November to December 2014 where one of the pens was used to write a simulated threatening note were analyzed using RS and ATR-FTIR spectroscopy, respectively. The spectra of all the red gel pen inks including the ink deposited on the simulated threatening note gathered from the RS and ATR-FTIR analyses were subjected to PPMC coefficient (r) calculation and principal component analysis (PCA). The coefficients r = 0.9985 and r = 0.9912 for pairwise combination of RS and ATR-FTIR spectra respectively and similarities in terms of PC1 and PC2 scores of one of the inks to the ink deposited on the simulated threatening note substantiated the feasibility of combining RS and ATR-FTIR spectroscopy with PPMC coefficient (r) and PCA for successful source determination of red gel pen inks. The development of pigment spectral library had allowed the ink deposited on the threatening note to be identified as XSL Poppy Red (CI Pigment Red 112).
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Naeim Mohamad Asri
- Forensic Science Program, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.,Forensic Science Program, Department of Diagnostics and Allied Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Science, Management and Science University, 40100, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Wan Nur Syuhaila Mat Desa
- Forensic Science Program, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Dzulkiflee Ismail
- Forensic Science Program, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
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75
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Sikirzhytskaya A, Sikirzhytski V, Lednev IK. Determining Gender by Raman Spectroscopy of a Bloodstain. Anal Chem 2017; 89:1486-1492. [PMID: 28208285 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b02986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The development of novel methods for forensic science is a constantly growing area of modern analytical chemistry. Raman spectroscopy is one of a few analytical techniques capable of nondestructive and nearly instantaneous analysis of a wide variety of forensic evidence, including body fluid stains, at the scene of a crime. In this proof-of-concept study, Raman microspectroscopy was utilized for gender identification based on dry bloodstains. Raman spectra were acquired in mapping mode from multiple spots on a bloodstain to account for intrinsic sample heterogeneity. The obtained Raman spectroscopic data showed highly similar spectroscopic features for female and male blood samples. Nevertheless, support vector machines (SVM) and artificial neuron network (ANN) statistical methods applied to the spectroscopic data allowed for differentiating between male and female bloodstains with high confidence. More specifically, the statistical approach based on a genetic algorithm (GA) coupled with an ANN classification showed approximately 98% gender differentiation accuracy for individual bloodstains. These results demonstrate the great potential of the developed method for forensic applications, although more work is needed for method validation. When this method is fully developed, a portable Raman instrument could be used for the infield identification of traces of body fluids and to obtain phenotypic information about the donor, including gender and race, as well as for the analysis of a variety of other types of forensic evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliaksandra Sikirzhytskaya
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, SUNY , 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Vitali Sikirzhytski
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, SUNY , 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Igor K Lednev
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, SUNY , 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, United States
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76
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Pereira JFQ, Silva CS, Braz A, Pimentel MF, Honorato RS, Pasquini C, Wentzell PD. Projection pursuit and PCA associated with near and middle infrared hyperspectral images to investigate forensic cases of fraudulent documents. Microchem J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2016.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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77
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Lab on smartphone with interfaced electrochemical chips for on-site gender verification. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2016.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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78
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79
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Mainali D, Seelenbinder J. Automated Fast Screening Method for Cocaine Identification in Seized Drug Samples Using a Portable Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Instrument. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2016; 70:916-922. [PMID: 27006022 DOI: 10.1177/0003702816638305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Quick and presumptive identification of seized drug samples without destroying evidence is necessary for law enforcement officials to control the trafficking and abuse of drugs. This work reports an automated screening method to detect the presence of cocaine in seized samples using portable Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrometers. The method is based on the identification of well-defined characteristic vibrational frequencies related to the functional group of the cocaine molecule and is fully automated through the use of an expert system. Traditionally, analysts look for key functional group bands in the infrared spectra and characterization of the molecules present is dependent on user interpretation. This implies the need for user expertise, especially in samples that likely are mixtures. As such, this approach is biased and also not suitable for non-experts. The method proposed in this work uses the well-established "center of gravity" peak picking mathematical algorithm and combines it with the conditional reporting feature in MicroLab software to provide an automated method that can be successfully employed by users with varied experience levels. The method reports the confidence level of cocaine present only when a certain number of cocaine related peaks are identified by the automated method. Unlike library search and chemometric methods that are dependent on the library database or the training set samples used to build the calibration model, the proposed method is relatively independent of adulterants and diluents present in the seized mixture. This automated method in combination with a portable FT-IR spectrometer provides law enforcement officials, criminal investigators, or forensic experts a quick field-based prescreening capability for the presence of cocaine in seized drug samples.
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80
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Yi J, Xiong Y, Cheng K, Li M, Chu G, Pu X, Xu T. A Combination of Chemometrics and Quantum Mechanics Methods Applied to Analysis of Femtosecond Transient Absorption Spectrum of Ortho-Nitroaniline. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19364. [PMID: 26781083 PMCID: PMC4726040 DOI: 10.1038/srep19364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A combination of the advanced chemometrics method with quantum mechanics calculation was for the first time applied to explore a facile yet efficient analysis strategy to thoroughly resolve femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy of ortho-nitroaniline (ONA), served as a model compound of important nitroaromatics and explosives. The result revealed that the ONA molecule is primarily excited to S3 excited state from the ground state and then ultrafast relaxes to S2 state. The internal conversion from S2 to S1 occurs within 0.9 ps. One intermediate state S* was identified in the intersystem crossing (ISC) process, which is different from the specific upper triplet receiver state proposed in some other nitroaromatics systems. The S1 state decays to the S* one within 6.4 ps and then intersystem crossing to the lowest triplet state within 19.6 ps. T1 was estimated to have a lifetime up to 2 ns. The relatively long S* state and very long-lived T1 one should play a vital role as precursors to various nitroaromatic and explosive photoproducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yi
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Xiong
- Institute of Chemical Material, China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP), Mianyang 621900, People's Republic of China
| | - Kemei Cheng
- Institute of Chemical Material, China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP), Mianyang 621900, People's Republic of China
| | - Menglong Li
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, People's Republic of China
| | - Genbai Chu
- Science and Technology on Plasma Physics Laboratory, Research Center of Laser Fusion, CAEP, Mianyang 621900, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuemei Pu
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Xu
- Institute of Chemical Material, China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP), Mianyang 621900, People's Republic of China
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81
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Muehlethaler C, Leona M, Lombardi JR. Review of Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering Applications in Forensic Science. Anal Chem 2015; 88:152-69. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b04131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Muehlethaler
- The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Department of
Scientific Research, New York, New York 10028, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, City College of New York and Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States
| | - Marco Leona
- The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Department of
Scientific Research, New York, New York 10028, United States
| | - John R. Lombardi
- Department
of Chemistry, City College of New York and Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States
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82
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Hisada H, Inoue M, Koide T, Carriere J, Heyler R, Fukami T. Direct High-Resolution Imaging of Crystalline Components in Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms Using Low-Frequency Raman Spectroscopy. Org Process Res Dev 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.5b00329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Hisada
- Department
of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8588 Japan
| | - Motoki Inoue
- Department
of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8588 Japan
| | - Tatsuo Koide
- Division
of Drugs, National Institute of Health Sciences, Setagaya, 158-8501 Tokyo, Japan
| | - James Carriere
- Ondax Inc. 850 E. Duarte Rd Monrovia, California 91016, United States
| | - Randy Heyler
- Ondax Inc. 850 E. Duarte Rd Monrovia, California 91016, United States
| | - Toshiro Fukami
- Department
of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8588 Japan
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83
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Kurouski D, Van Duyne RP. In situ detection and identification of hair dyes using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). Anal Chem 2015; 87:2901-6. [PMID: 25635868 DOI: 10.1021/ac504405u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Hair is one of the most common types of physical evidence found at a crime scene. Forensic examination may suggest a connection between a suspect and a crime scene or victim, or it may demonstrate an absence of such associations. Therefore, forensic analysis of hair evidence is invaluable to criminal investigations. Current hair forensic examinations are primarily based on a subjective microscopic comparison of hair found at the crime scene with a sample of suspect's hair. Since this is often inconclusive, the development of alternative and more-accurate hair analysis techniques is critical. In this study, we utilized surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) to demonstrate that artificial dyes can be directly detected on hair. This spectroscopic technique is capable of a confirmatory identification of analytes with single molecule resolution, requires minimal sample, and has the advantage of fluorescence quenching. Our study reveals that SERS can (1) identify whether hair was artificially dyed or not, (2) determine if a permanent or semipermanent colorants were used, and (3) distinguish the commercial brands that are utilized to dye hair. Such analysis is rapid, minimally destructive, and can be performed directly at the crime scene. This study provides a novel perspective of forensic investigations of hair evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Kurouski
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois United States
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