51
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Guo C, Li P, Wang S, Liu N, Bu Q, Wang Y, Qiu Y. Selective Electroreductive Hydroboration of Olefins with B 2pin 2. J Org Chem 2023; 88:4569-4580. [PMID: 36944134 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Organoboron showed great potential in the synthesis of various high-value chemical compounds. Direct hydroboration of olefins has been witnessed over time as a mainstream method for the synthesis of organoboron compounds. In this work, an electroreductive anti-Markovnikov hydroboration approach of olefins with readily available B2pin2 to synthesize valuable organoboron compounds with high chemo- and regioselectivities under metal catalyst-free conditions was reported. This protocol exhibited broad substrate scope and good functional-group tolerance on styrenes and heteroaromatic olefins, providing synthetically useful alkylborons with high efficiency and even various deuterium borylation products with good D-incorporation when CD3CN was employed as solvent. Furthermore, gram-scale reactions and extensive functional derivatization further highlighted the potential of this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengfei Li
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Siyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingqing Bu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Youai Qiu
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
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52
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Changmai S, Sultana S, Saikia AK. Review of electrochemical transition‐metal‐catalyzed C−H functionalization reactions. ChemistrySelect 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202203530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sumi Changmai
- Applied Organic Chemistry Chemical Sciences & Technology Division CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology 785006 Jorhat India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) 201002 Ghaziabad India
| | | | - Anil K. Saikia
- Indian Institute of Technology-Guwahati Department of Chemistry Guwahati 781039 Assam India
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53
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Gao S, Wang C, Yang J, Zhang J. Cobalt-catalyzed enantioselective intramolecular reductive cyclization via electrochemistry. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1301. [PMID: 36894526 PMCID: PMC9998880 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36704-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Transition-metal catalyzed asymmetric cyclization of 1,6-enynes has emerged as a powerful method for the construction of carbocycles and heterocycles. However, very rare examples worked under electrochemical conditions. We report herein a Co-catalyzed enantioselective intramolecular reductive coupling of enynes via electrochemistry using H2O as hydride source. The products were obtained in good yields with high regio- and enantioselectivities. It represents the rare progress on the cobalt-catalyzed enantioselective transformation via electrochemistry with a general substrate scope. DFT studies explored the possible reaction pathways and revealed that the oxidative cyclization of enynes by LCo(I) is more favorable than oxidative addition of H2O or other pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiquan Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Alternative Technologies for Fine Chemical Process, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, China
| | - Junfeng Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, China. .,Fudan Zhangjiang Institute, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Junliang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, China.
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54
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Cohen B, Lehnherr D, Sezen-Edmonds M, Forstater JH, Frederick MO, Deng L, Ferretti AC, Harper K, Diwan M. Emerging Reaction Technologies in Pharmaceutical Development: Challenges and Opportunities in Electrochemistry, Photochemistry, and Biocatalysis. Chem Eng Res Des 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2023.02.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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55
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Li Y, Wen L, Guo W. A guide to organic electroreduction using sacrificial anodes. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:1168-1188. [PMID: 36727623 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00009e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Organic electrosynthesis is a green strategy for the synthesis of valuable molecules. Electrochemical reactions using sacrificial metal anodes enable new reactivity to be uncovered that could not be achieved with traditional non-electrochemical methods. Compared with reactions using metal powder as the reducing reagent, the mild electroreduction protocols usually exhibit diverse reactivity and excellent selectivity. The inexpensive metal anodes possess low oxidation potential, which could prevent undesired overoxidation of substrates, active intermediates and products. The in situ generated metal ions from sacrificial anodes could not only serve as Lewis acids to activate the reactants but also as a promoter or mediator. This tutorial review highlights the recent achievements in this rapidly growing area within the past five years. The sacrificial anode-enabled electroreductions are discussed according to the reaction type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Li
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China.
| | - Lirong Wen
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China.
| | - Weisi Guo
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China.
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56
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Wang X, Shu S, Wang X, Luo R, Ming X, Wang T, Zhang Z. Access to Saturated Oxygen Heterocycles and Lactones via Electrochemical Sulfonylative Oxycyclization of Alkenes with Sulfonyl Hydrazides. J Org Chem 2023; 88:2505-2520. [PMID: 36751026 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
A facile electrochemical sulfonylative cycloetherification of linear unsaturated alcohols with sulfonyl hydrazides under mild conditions has been accomplished. This catalyst- and oxidant-free protocol proceeds via electro-oxidation, followed by radical addition, as well as an intramolecular oxygen nucleophilic process. This methodology is compatible with a broad substrate scope and good functional group compatibility, which provides a valuable and convenient synthetic tool for the synthesis of saturated five-, six-, seven-, and eight-membered ring oxygen heterocycles. Furthermore, sulfonylative cycloesterification of linear unsaturated acids toward the lactone products has also been established under this electrochemical system. In addition, control experiments indicated that the N-H bonds of the sulfonyl hydrazide molecule are non-essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshuo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, P. R. China
| | - Shubing Shu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, P. R. China
| | - Renshi Luo
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan 512005, P. R. China
| | - Xiayi Ming
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, P. R. China
| | - Tao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, P. R. China
| | - Zhenming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, P. R. China
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57
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Pattanayak S, Loewen ND, Berben LA. Using Substituted [Fe 4N(CO) 12] - as a Platform To Probe the Effect of Cation and Lewis Acid Location on Redox Potential. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:1919-1925. [PMID: 36006454 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The impact of cationic and Lewis acidic functional groups installed in the primary or secondary coordination sphere (PCS or SCS) of an (electro)catalyst is known to vary depending on the precise positioning of those groups. However, it is difficult to systematically probe the effect of that position. In this report, we probe the effect of the functional group position and identity on the observed reduction potentials (Ep,c) using substituted iron clusters, [Fe4N(CO)11R]n, where R = NO+, PPh2-CH2CH2-9BBN, (MePTA+)2, (MePTA+)4, and H+ and n = 0, -1, +1, or +3 (9-BBN is 9-borabicyclo(3.3.1)nonane; MePTA+ is 1-methyl-1-azonia-3,5-diaza-7-phosphaadamantane). The cationic NO+ and H+ ligands cause anodic shifts of 700 and 320 mV, respectively, in Ep,c relative to unsubstituted [Fe4N(CO)12]-. Infrared absorption band data, νCO, suggests that some of the 700 mV shift by NO+ results from electronic changes to the cluster core. This contrasts with the effects of cationic MePTA+ and H+ which cause primarily electrostatic effects on Ep,c. Lewis acidic 9-BBN in the SCS had almost no effect on Ep,c.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santanu Pattanayak
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Natalia D Loewen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Louise A Berben
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
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58
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Electrochemical synthesis of 5-trifluoroethyl dihydrobenzimidazo[2,1-a] isoquinolines from pendent unactivated alkenes via radical relay. Tetrahedron Lett 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2023.154410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
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59
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Long C, He Y, Guan Z. Emerging Strategies for Asymmetric Synthesis: Combining Enzyme Promiscuity and Photo‐/Electro‐redox Catalysis. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202200685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao‐Jiu Long
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Southwest University Chongqing 400715 P. R. China
| | - Yan‐Hong He
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Southwest University Chongqing 400715 P. R. China
| | - Zhi Guan
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Southwest University Chongqing 400715 P. R. China
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60
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Wang Y, Ban Y, Wang B, Li H, Gong C, Wang Y, Wang F, Li D, Yang J. Cp*Rh(III)-Catalyzed C-H Arylation of Ferrocenethionamides with Aryl Boronic Acids for the Synthesis of Aryl-Ferrocenes. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202201180. [PMID: 36495085 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202201180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We developed a Cp*Rh(III)-catalyzed C-H arylation of ferrocenethionamides with arylboronic acids for the synthesis of aryl-ferrocenes under mild and base-free conditions, using Ag2 CO3 as oxidant. The reaction results in high yields and excellent regioselectivity accommodating a broad scope of substrate range and functional group compatibility, and provides an alternative protocol for the generation of highly functionalized aryl-ferrocene compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Utilization of, Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, P. R. China
| | - Yan Ban
- State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Utilization of, Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, P. R. China
| | - Bosen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Utilization of, Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, P. R. China
| | - Hao Li
- State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Utilization of, Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, P. R. China
| | - Chengwei Gong
- State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Utilization of, Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, P. R. China
| | - Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Utilization of, Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, P. R. China
| | - Fuqiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Utilization of, Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, P. R. China
| | - Dianjun Li
- State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Utilization of, Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, P. R. China
| | - Jinhui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Utilization of, Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, P. R. China
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61
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The synergism of sequential paired electrosynthesis with halogen bonding activation for the cyclization of organochlorides with olefins. Sci China Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-022-1410-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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62
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Klein M, Waldvogel SR. Counter Electrode Reactions-Important Stumbling Blocks on the Way to a Working Electro-organic Synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202204140. [PMID: 35668714 PMCID: PMC9828107 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202204140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Over the past two decades, electro-organic synthesis has gained significant interest, both in technical and academic research as well as in terms of applications. The omission of stoichiometric oxidizers or reducing agents enables a more sustainable route for redox reactions in organic chemistry. Even if it is well-known that every electrochemical oxidation is only viable with an associated reduction reaction and vice versa, the relevance of the counter reaction is often less addressed. In this Review, the importance of the corresponding counter reaction in electro-organic synthesis is highlighted and how it can affect the performance and selectivity of the electrolytic conversion. A selection of common strategies and unique concepts to tackle this issue are surveyed to provide a guide to select appropriate counter reactions for electro-organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Klein
- Department of ChemistryJohannes Gutenberg University MainzDuesbergweg 10–1455128MainzGermany
| | - Siegfried R. Waldvogel
- Department of ChemistryJohannes Gutenberg University MainzDuesbergweg 10–1455128MainzGermany
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63
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Ali T, Wang H, Iqbal W, Bashir T, Shah R, Hu Y. Electro-Synthesis of Organic Compounds with Heterogeneous Catalysis. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 10:e2205077. [PMID: 36398622 PMCID: PMC9811472 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202205077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Electro-organic synthesis has attracted a lot of attention in pharmaceutical science, medicinal chemistry, and future industrial applications in energy storage and conversion. To date, there has not been a detailed review on electro-organic synthesis with the strategy of heterogeneous catalysis. In this review, the most recent advances in synthesizing value-added chemicals by heterogeneous catalysis are summarized. An overview of electrocatalytic oxidation and reduction processes as well as paired electrocatalysis is provided, and the anodic oxidation of alcohols (monohydric and polyhydric), aldehydes, and amines are discussed. This review also provides in-depth insight into the cathodic reduction of carboxylates, carbon dioxide, CC, C≡C, and reductive coupling reactions. Moreover, the electrocatalytic paired electro-synthesis methods, including parallel paired, sequential divergent paired, and convergent paired electrolysis, are summarized. Additionally, the strategies developed to achieve high electrosynthesis efficiency and the associated challenges are also addressed. It is believed that electro-organic synthesis is a promising direction of organic electrochemistry, offering numerous opportunities to develop new organic reaction methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tariq Ali
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis MaterialsDepartment of ChemistryZhejiang Normal UniversityJinhua321004China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis MaterialsDepartment of ChemistryZhejiang Normal UniversityJinhua321004China
| | - Waseem Iqbal
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie ChimicheUniversità della CalabriaRendeCS87036Italy
| | - Tariq Bashir
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy TechnologiesSoochow UniversitySuzhou215006China
| | - Rahim Shah
- Institute of Chemical SciencesUniversity of SwatSwatKhyber Pakhtunkhwa19130Pakistan
| | - Yong Hu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis MaterialsDepartment of ChemistryZhejiang Normal UniversityJinhua321004China
- Hangzhou Institute of Advanced StudiesZhejiang Normal UniversityHangzhou311231China
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64
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Nagare YK, Shah IA, Yadav J, Pawar AP, Rangan K, Choudhary R, Iype E, Kumar I. Electrochemical Oxidative Addition of Nucleophiles on 2-Arylindoles: Synthesis of C2-Heteroquaternary Indolin-3-ones. J Org Chem 2022; 87:15771-15782. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yadav Kacharu Nagare
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani 333031, Rajasthan, India
| | - Imtiyaz Ahmad Shah
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani 333031, Rajasthan, India
| | - Jyothi Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani 333031, Rajasthan, India
| | - Amol Prakash Pawar
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani 333031, Rajasthan, India
| | - Krishnan Rangan
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Hyderabad 500078, Telangana, India
| | | | - Eldhose Iype
- College of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East, Egaila 54200, Kuwait
| | - Indresh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani 333031, Rajasthan, India
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65
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Barroso-Martínez J, B. Romo AI, Pudar S, Putnam ST, Bustos E, Rodríguez-López J. Real-Time Detection of Hydroxyl Radical Generated at Operating Electrodes via Redox-Active Adduct Formation Using Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:18896-18907. [PMID: 36215201 PMCID: PMC9586107 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c06278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The hydroxyl radical (•OH) is one of the most attractive reactive oxygen species due to its high oxidation power and its clean (photo)(electro)generation from water, leaving no residues and creating new prospects for efficient wastewater treatment and electrosynthesis. Unfortunately, in situ detection of •OH is challenging due to its short lifetime (few ns). Using lifetime-extending spin traps, such as 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide (DMPO) to generate the [DMPO-OH]• adduct in combination with electron spin resonance (ESR), allows unambiguous determination of its presence in solution. However, this method is cumbersome and lacks the necessary sensitivity and versatility to explore and quantify •OH generation dynamics at electrode surfaces in real time. Here, we identify that [DMPO-OH]• is redox-active with E0 = 0.85 V vs Ag|AgCl and can be conveniently detected on Au and C ultramicroelectrodes. Using scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM), a four-electrode technique capable of collecting the freshly generated [DMPO-OH]• from near the electrode surface, we detected its generation in real time from operating electrodes. We also generated images of [DMPO-OH]• production and estimated and compared its generation efficiency at various electrodes (boron-doped diamond, tin oxide, titanium foil, glassy carbon, platinum, and lead oxide). Density functional calculations, ESR measurements, and bulk calibration using the Fenton reaction helped us unambiguously identify [DMPO-OH]• as the source of redox activity. We hope these findings will encourage the rapid, inexpensive, and quantitative detection of •OH for conducting informed explorations of its role in mediated oxidation processes at electrode surfaces for energy, environmental, and synthetic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaxiry
S. Barroso-Martínez
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Illinois Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, 600 South Mathews Ave., Urbana, Illinois61801, United States
- Centro
de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Electroquímica,
S.C. Parque Tecnológico Querétaro, Sanfandila, Pedro Escobedo, 76703Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Adolfo I. B. Romo
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Illinois Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, 600 South Mathews Ave., Urbana, Illinois61801, United States
| | - Sanja Pudar
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Illinois Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, 600 South Mathews Ave., Urbana, Illinois61801, United States
| | - Seth T. Putnam
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Illinois Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, 600 South Mathews Ave., Urbana, Illinois61801, United States
| | - Erika Bustos
- Centro
de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Electroquímica,
S.C. Parque Tecnológico Querétaro, Sanfandila, Pedro Escobedo, 76703Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Joaquín Rodríguez-López
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Illinois Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, 600 South Mathews Ave., Urbana, Illinois61801, United States
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66
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Jin J, Mao J, Wu W, Jiang Y, Ma W, Yu P, Mao L. Highly Efficient Electrosynthesis of Nitric Oxide for Biomedical Applications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202210980. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202210980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Jin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Junjie Mao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Materials Science Anhui Normal University Wuhu 241002 China
| | - Wenjie Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Ying Jiang
- College of Chemistry Beijing Normal University Xinjiekouwai Street 19 Beijing 100875 China
| | - Wenjie Ma
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Beijing 100190 China
| | - Ping Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Lanqun Mao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Beijing 100190 China
- College of Chemistry Beijing Normal University Xinjiekouwai Street 19 Beijing 100875 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
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67
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Kerackian T, Bouyssi D, Pilet G, Médebielle M, Monteiro N, Vantourout JC, Amgoune A. Nickel-Catalyzed Electro-Reductive Cross-Coupling of Aliphatic N-Acyl Imides with Alkyl Halides as a Strategy for Dialkyl Ketone Synthesis: Scope and Mechanistic Investigations. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c03268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taline Kerackian
- Université Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires (ICBMS, UMR 5246 du CNRS), 1 rue Victor Grignard, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Didier Bouyssi
- Université Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires (ICBMS, UMR 5246 du CNRS), 1 rue Victor Grignard, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Guillaume Pilet
- Université Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces (LMI, UMR 5615 du CNRS), 6 rue Victor Grignard, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Maurice Médebielle
- Université Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires (ICBMS, UMR 5246 du CNRS), 1 rue Victor Grignard, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Nuno Monteiro
- Université Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires (ICBMS, UMR 5246 du CNRS), 1 rue Victor Grignard, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Julien C. Vantourout
- Université Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires (ICBMS, UMR 5246 du CNRS), 1 rue Victor Grignard, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Abderrahmane Amgoune
- Université Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires (ICBMS, UMR 5246 du CNRS), 1 rue Victor Grignard, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), 1 rue Descartes, 75231 Paris, France
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68
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Ji XS, Zuo HD, Shen YT, Hao WJ, Tu SJ, Jiang B. Electrochemical selective annulative amino-ketalization and amino-oxygenation of 1,6-enynes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:10420-10423. [PMID: 36043317 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc03922b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new electrochemical selective annulative amino-ketalization and amino-oxygenation of 1,6-enynes with disulfonimides and alcohols is reported, producing a series of functionalized benzofurans under catalyst- and oxidant-free conditions. The annulative aminoketalization proceeds with simple short-chain alcohols such as methanol, ethanol and n-propanol as O-nucleophilic reagents, while the reaction occurs in the annulative aminooxygenation direction in the presence of water and large steric sec-butyl alcohol (SBA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Shuang Ji
- School of Chemistry & Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, P. R. China.
| | - Hang-Dong Zuo
- School of Chemistry & Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, P. R. China. .,School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Ting Shen
- School of Chemistry & Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, P. R. China.
| | - Wen-Juan Hao
- School of Chemistry & Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, P. R. China.
| | - Shu-Jiang Tu
- School of Chemistry & Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, P. R. China.
| | - Bo Jiang
- School of Chemistry & Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, P. R. China.
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69
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Feng Y, Luo H, Zheng W, Matsunaga S, Lin L. Light-Promoted Nickel-Catalyzed Aromatic Halogen Exchange. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c03354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yunhui Feng
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning116024, China
| | - Hang Luo
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning116024, China
| | - Wanyao Zheng
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning116024, China
| | - Shigeki Matsunaga
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo060-0812, Japan
- Global Station for Biosurfaces and Drug Discovery, Hokkaido University, Sapporo060-0812, Japan
| | - Luqing Lin
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning116024, China
- Global Station for Biosurfaces and Drug Discovery, Hokkaido University, Sapporo060-0812, Japan
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70
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Wang Y, Li L, Fu N. Electrophotochemical Decarboxylative Azidation of Aliphatic Carboxylic Acids. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c02934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yukang Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Liubo Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Niankai Fu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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71
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Jin J, Mao J, Wu W, Jiang Y, Ma W, Yu P, Mao L. Highly efficient electrosynthesis of nitric oxide for biomedical applications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202210980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Jin
- Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical 100190 CHINA
| | - Junjie Mao
- Anhui Normal University College of Chemistry and Materials Science Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, College of 241002 CHINA
| | - Wenjie Wu
- Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences CHINA
| | - Ying Jiang
- Beijing Normal University College of Chemistry Beijing Normal University 100875 Beijing CHINA
| | - Wenjie Ma
- Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences CHINA
| | - Ping Yu
- Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences CHINA
| | - Lanqun Mao
- Beijing Normal University College of Chemistry No.19, Xinjiekouwai St, Haidian District 100875 Beijing CHINA
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72
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Nandi S, Jana R. Toward Sustainable Photo‐/Electrocatalytic Carboxylation of Organic Substrates with CO2. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202200356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shantanu Nandi
- Indian Institute of Chemical Biology CSIR Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division 4 Raja S C Mullick RoadJadavpur 700032 Kolkata INDIA
| | - Ranjan Jana
- Indian Institute of Chemical Biology CSIR Chemistry Division 4, Raja S. C. Mullick RoadJadavpur 700032 Kolkata INDIA
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73
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Long C, Cao H, Zhao B, Tan Y, He Y, Huang C, Guan Z. Merging the Non‐Natural Catalytic Activity of Lipase and Electrosynthesis: Asymmetric Oxidative Cross‐Coupling of Secondary Amines with Ketones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202203666. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202203666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao‐Jiu Long
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Southwest University Chongqing 400715 China
| | - Huan Cao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Southwest University Chongqing 400715 China
| | - Ben‐Kun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Southwest University Chongqing 400715 China
| | - Yu‐Fang Tan
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Southwest University Chongqing 400715 China
| | - Yan‐Hong He
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Southwest University Chongqing 400715 China
| | - Chu‐Sheng Huang
- College of Chemistry and Materials, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Nanning Normal University Nanning 530001 China
| | - Zhi Guan
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Southwest University Chongqing 400715 China
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74
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Oxidative lactonization of C(sp3)-H bond in methyl aromatic alcohols enabled by proton-coupled electron transfer. Sci China Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-022-1283-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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75
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Fokin I, Kuessner KT, Siewert I. Electroreduction of Carbonyl Compounds Catalyzed by a Manganese Complex. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c02362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Igor Fokin
- Universität Göttingen, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Tammannstr. 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kai-Thorben Kuessner
- Universität Göttingen, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Tammannstr. 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Inke Siewert
- Universität Göttingen, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Tammannstr. 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Universität Göttingen, International Center for Advanced Energy Studies, Tammannstr. 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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76
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DeHovitz JS, Hyster TK. Photoinduced Dynamic Radical Processes for Isomerizations, Deracemizations, and Dynamic Kinetic Resolutions. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c02480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob S. DeHovitz
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Todd K. Hyster
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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77
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Sen PP, Roy VJ, Raha Roy S. Electrochemical Activation of the C-X Bond on Demand: Access to the Atom Economic Group Transfer Reaction Triggered by Noncovalent Interaction. J Org Chem 2022; 87:9551-9564. [PMID: 35816013 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An atom economic method demonstrates the involvement of noncovalent interaction via hydrogen or halogen bonding interaction in triggering paired electrolysis for the group transfer reactions. Specifically, this method demonstrated the bromination of several aromatic and heteroaromatic compounds through the activation of the C(sp3)-Br bond of organic-bromo derivatives on demand. This electrochemical protocol is mild, and mostly no additional electrolyte is needed, which makes the workup process straightforward. Unlike the existing regioselective monobromination methods, this work utilizes a relatively small amount (1.2 equiv) of bromine surrogates that releases bromine on demand under the electrochemical condition and after completion of the reaction generates acetophenone as a useful byproduct. Green metrics indicate this protocol has a very good atom efficiency with an E-factor of 26.86 kg of waste/1 kg of product. In addition to the scale-up process, this strategy could be extended to the transfer of chlorine and thioaryl units. An extensive mechanistic study is accomplished to validate the hypothesis of noncovalent interaction using computational, spectroscopic, and cyclic voltammetry studies. Finally, the applicability of this newly developed nonbonding interaction to trigger paired electrolysis was extended to the chemoselective debromination of several dihalo organic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Partha Pratim Sen
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Vishal Jyoti Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Sudipta Raha Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
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78
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Noji M, Ishimaru S, Obata H, Kumaki A, Seki T, Hayashi S, Takanami T. Facile electrochemical synthesis of silyl acetals: An air-stable precursor to formylsilane. Tetrahedron Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2022.154026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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79
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Cai CY, Zheng YT, Li JF, Xu HC. Cu-Electrocatalytic Diazidation of Alkenes at ppm Catalyst Loading. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:11980-11985. [PMID: 35772000 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c05126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The 1,2-diamine motif is prevalent in natural products, small-molecule pharmaceuticals, and catalysts for asymmetric synthesis. Transition metal catalyzed alkene diazidation has evolved to be an attractive strategy to access vicinal primary diamines but remains challenging, especially for practical applications, due to the restriction to a certain type of olefins, the frequent use of chemical oxidants, and the requirement for high loadings of metal catalysts (1 mol % or above). Herein we report a scalable Cu-electrocatalytic alkene diazidation reaction with 0.02 mol % (200 ppm) of copper(II) acetylacetonate as the precatalyst without exogenous ligands. In addition to its use of low catalyst loading, the electrocatalytic method is scalable, compatible with a broad range of functional groups, and applicable to the diazidation of α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds and mono-, di-, tri-, and tetrasubstituted unactivated alkenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Yan Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun-Tao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Fu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Chao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
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80
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Kaeffer N, Leitner W. Electrocatalysis with Molecular Transition-Metal Complexes for Reductive Organic Synthesis. JACS AU 2022; 2:1266-1289. [PMID: 35783173 PMCID: PMC9241009 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Electrocatalysis enables the formation or cleavage of chemical bonds by a genuine use of electrons or holes from an electrical energy input. As such, electrocatalysis offers resource-economical alternative pathways that bypass sacrificial, waste-generating reagents often required in classical thermal redox reactions. In this Perspective, we showcase the exploitation of molecular electrocatalysts for electrosynthesis, in particular for reductive conversion of organic substrates. Selected case studies illustrate that efficient molecular electrocatalysts not only are appropriate redox shuttles but also embrace the features of organometallic catalysis to facilitate and control chemical steps. From these examples, guidelines are proposed for the design of molecular electrocatalysts suited to the reduction of organic substrates. We finally expose opportunities brought by catalyzed electrosynthesis to functionalize organic backbones, namely using sustainable building blocks.
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81
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Joseph I, Louis H, Okon EED, Unimuke TO, Udoikono AD, Magu TO, Maitera O, Elzagheid MI, Rhyman L, Ekeng-ita EI, Ramasami P. Experimental and theoretical study of the dye-sensitized solar cells using Hibiscus sabdariffa plant pigment coupled with polyaniline/graphite counter electrode. PURE APPL CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/pac-2022-0103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In this research work, the extraction, characterization, device fabrication, and theoretical investigation of Hibiscus sabdariffa plant extract, for possible application in solid DSSCs, are reported. The plant extract was analyzed using FT-IR and UV–Vis spectrophotometry. Polyaniline on graphene was used as the counter electrode whereas titanium (IV) oxide was used as the photo anode for the fabricated DSSCs. The experimental results obtained for the open circuit voltage, short circuit current density, field factor, maximum power and conversion efficiency are 0.925 V, 0.073 A/cm2, 1.43, 1.04 W, and 0.044 % respectively. The excited states of anthocyanin (delphinidin) and quercetin, the most stable structures of Hibiscus sabdariffa plant extract, were studied using density functional theory method. In addition, the theoretical open circuit voltage, light harvesting efficiency, coupling constant, free energy change, and HOMO–LUMO energy gap were predicted for the photovoltaic properties. The theoretical results suggest that quercetin has relatively better photovoltaic properties and, hence, potentially a better dye for solar cell application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Innocent Joseph
- Chemistry Department , Modibbo Adama University of Technology , Yola , Nigeria
| | - Hitler Louis
- Computational and Bio-Simulation Research Group, University of Calabar , Calabar , Nigeria
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry , Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Calabar , Calabar , Nigeria
| | - Emmanuel E. D. Okon
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry , Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Calabar , Calabar , Nigeria
| | - Tomsmith O. Unimuke
- Computational and Bio-Simulation Research Group, University of Calabar , Calabar , Nigeria
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry , Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Calabar , Calabar , Nigeria
| | - Akaninyene D. Udoikono
- Computational and Bio-Simulation Research Group, University of Calabar , Calabar , Nigeria
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry , Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Calabar , Calabar , Nigeria
| | - Thomas O. Magu
- Computational and Bio-Simulation Research Group, University of Calabar , Calabar , Nigeria
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry , Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Calabar , Calabar , Nigeria
| | - Oliver Maitera
- Chemistry Department , Modibbo Adama University of Technology , Yola , Nigeria
| | - Mohamed I. Elzagheid
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering , Jubail Industrial College , Jubail Industrial City 31961 , Saudi Arabia
| | - Lydia Rhyman
- Computational Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry , Faculty of Science, University of Mauritius , Reduit , Mauritius
- Centre for Natural Product Research, Department of Chemical Sciences , University of Johannesburg , Doornfontein, Johannesburg 2028 , South Africa
| | - Emmanuel I. Ekeng-ita
- Computational and Bio-Simulation Research Group, University of Calabar , Calabar , Nigeria
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry , Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Calabar , Calabar , Nigeria
| | - Ponnadurai Ramasami
- Computational Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry , Faculty of Science, University of Mauritius , Reduit , Mauritius
- Centre for Natural Product Research, Department of Chemical Sciences , University of Johannesburg , Doornfontein, Johannesburg 2028 , South Africa
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82
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Long CJ, Cao H, Zhao BK, Tan YF, He YH, Huang CS, Guan Z. Merging the Non‐Natural Catalytic Activity of Lipase and Electrosynthesis: Asymmetric Oxidative Cross‐Coupling of Secondary Amines with Ketones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202203666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Jiu Long
- Southwest University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Huan Cao
- Southwest University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Ben-Kun Zhao
- Southwest University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Yu-Fang Tan
- Southwest University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Yan-Hong He
- Southwest University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Chu-Sheng Huang
- Guangxi Teachers Education University: Nanning Normal University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Zhi Guan
- Southwest University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering No. 1, Tiansheng Rd. 400715 Chongqing CHINA
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83
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Chen W, Ni S, Wang Y, Pan Y. Electrochemical-Promoted Nickel-Catalyzed Reductive Allylation of Aryl Halides. Org Lett 2022; 24:3647-3651. [PMID: 35579336 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Compared with conventional reductive coupling, reductive coupling under electrochemical conditions without external reductants is greener, milder, and more efficient and is of increasing interest to organic chemists. In this work, we report the sacrificial anode, nickel-catalyzed electrochemical allylation reaction of aryl and alkyl halides. The reaction can be applied to a range of allylation reagents such as trifluoroalkenes, oxalates, and acetates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangzhe Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shengyang Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yi Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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84
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Liu T, Shen X, Liu Z, Zhang F, Liu JJ. An electron-deficient MOF as an efficient electron-transfer catalyst for selective oxidative carbon-carbon coupling of 2,6-di- tert-butylphenol. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:8234-8239. [PMID: 35575225 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt00869f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Naphthalene diimides (NDIs), a type of electron-deficient dye molecule with high quadrupole moment and excellent redox activity, have been utilized in various fields, such as energy transfer, chemical sensing, anion transport, and photo-/electrochromic materials. In this study, an electron-deficient metal-organic framework with one-dimensional channels, Eu2(BBNDI)3(DMF)2 (MOF 1) (H2BBNDI = N,N'-bis(3-benzoic acid)naphthalene diimide), was successfully constructed based on the naphthalene diimide derivative. Because of the generation of NDI radicals by electron transfer between components, this material exhibits fast-responsive reversible photochromic properties. Moreover, it shows high efficiency and selective oxidation of 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol to its quinone derivative, aldehyde, and dimeric or trimeric phenol derivative by controlling the reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Liu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Qujing Normal University, Qujing 655011, China.
| | - Xianfu Shen
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Qujing Normal University, Qujing 655011, China.
| | - Zhengfen Liu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Qujing Normal University, Qujing 655011, China.
| | - Feng Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Qujing Normal University, Qujing 655011, China.
| | - Jian-Jun Liu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Qujing Normal University, Qujing 655011, China.
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85
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Hamby TB, LaLama MJ, Sevov CS. Controlling Ni redox states by dynamic ligand exchange for electroreductive Csp3-Csp2 coupling. Science 2022; 376:410-416. [PMID: 35446658 DOI: 10.1126/science.abo0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Cross-electrophile coupling (XEC) reactions of aryl and alkyl electrophiles are appealing but limited to specific substrate classes. Here, we report electroreductive XEC of previously incompatible electrophiles including tertiary alkyl bromides, aryl chlorides, and aryl/vinyl triflates. Reactions rely on the merger of an electrochemically active complex that selectively reacts with alkyl bromides through 1e- processes and an electrochemically inactive Ni0(phosphine) complex that selectively reacts with aryl electrophiles through 2e- processes. Accessing Ni0(phosphine) intermediates is critical to the strategy but is often challenging. We uncover a previously unknown pathway for electrochemically generating these key complexes at mild potentials through a choreographed series of ligand-exchange reactions. The mild methodology is applied to the alkylation of a range of substrates including natural products and pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor B Hamby
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Matthew J LaLama
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Christo S Sevov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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86
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Xiong P, Hemming M, Ivlev SI, Meggers E. Electrochemical Enantioselective Nucleophilic α-C(sp 3)-H Alkenylation of 2-Acyl Imidazoles. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:6964-6971. [PMID: 35385651 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c01686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Merging electrochemistry with asymmetric catalysis promises to provide an environmentally friendly and efficient strategy for the construction of nonracemic chiral molecules. However, in practice, significant challenges arise from the instability or incompatibility of the chiral catalysts under the electrochemical conditions at the interface of electrode and solution. Herein, we report a catalytic asymmetric indirect electrolysis employing the combination of a redox mediator and a chiral-at-rhodium Lewis acid, which achieves a previously elusive enantioselective nucleophilic α-C(sp3)-H alkenylation of ketones. Specifically, 2-acyl imidazoles react with potassium alkenyl trifluoroborates in high yields (up to 94%) and with exceptional enantioselectivities (27 examples with ≥99% ee) without the need for any additional stoichiometric oxidants (overall 40 examples). The new indirect electrosynthesis can be scaled to gram quantities and was applied to the straightforward synthesis of intermediates of the natural product cryptophycin A and a cathepsin K inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xiong
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Marcel Hemming
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Sergei I Ivlev
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Eric Meggers
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, 35043 Marburg, Germany
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87
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Ting SI, Williams WL, Doyle AG. Oxidative Addition of Aryl Halides to a Ni(I)-Bipyridine Complex. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:5575-5582. [PMID: 35298885 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c00462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The oxidative addition of aryl halides to bipyridine- or phenanthroline-ligated nickel(I) is a commonly proposed step in nickel catalysis. However, there is a scarcity of complexes of this type that both are well-defined and undergo oxidative addition with aryl halides, hampering organometallic studies of this process. We report the synthesis of a well-defined Ni(I) complex, [(CO2Etbpy)NiICl]4 (1). Its solution-phase speciation is characterized by a significant population of monomer and a redox equilibrium that can be perturbed by π-acceptors and σ-donors. 1 reacts readily with aryl bromides, and mechanistic studies are consistent with a pathway proceeding through an initial Ni(I) → Ni(III) oxidative addition to form a Ni(III) aryl species. Such a process was demonstrated stoichiometrically for the first time, affording a structurally characterized Ni(III) aryl complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen I Ting
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Wendy L Williams
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Abigail G Doyle
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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88
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89
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Zhang C, Zhou Y, Zhao Z, Xue W, Gu L. An electrocatalytic three-component reaction for the synthesis of phosphoroselenoates. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:13951-13954. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cc05570h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Phosphoroselenoates are important organic molecules because they have found widespread applications in many fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources, State Ethnic Affairs Commission & Ministry of Education, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China
| | - Yaqin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Zhiheng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Wei Xue
- Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Lijun Gu
- Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
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90
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Mandal D, Maji S, Pal T, Sinha SK, Maiti D. Recent Advances in Transition-Metal Mediated Trifluoromethylation Reactions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:10442-10468. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cc04082d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Fluorine compounds are known for their abundance in more than 20% of pharmaceutical and agrochemical products mainly due to the enhanced lipophilicity, metabolic stability and pharmacokinetic properties of organofluorides. Consequently,...
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91
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Xu C, Zhang Z, Liu T, Zhang W, Zhong W, Ling F. Hydrogen Evolution Enabled Rhodaelectro-Catalyzed [4+2] Annulations of Purines and 7-Deazapurines with Alkynes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:9508-9511. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cc03625h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A rhodium-catalyzed electrochemical regioselective annulation of 6-phenylpurines and 6-phenyl-7-deazapurines with alkynes has been developed. Electricity is used to recycle the active rhodium-based catalyst, promote the evolution of H2 and help...
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92
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Wang Z, Ma C, Fang P, Xu H, Mei T. Advances in Organic Electrochemical Synthesis. ACTA CHIMICA SINICA 2022. [DOI: 10.6023/a22060260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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93
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Zheng Y, Cheung YT, Liang L, Qiu H, Zhang L, Tsang A, Chen Q, Tong R. Electrochemical oxidative rearrangement of tetrahydro-β-carbolines in a zero-gap flow cell. Chem Sci 2022; 13:10479-10485. [PMID: 36277623 PMCID: PMC9473527 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc03951f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative rearrangement of tetrahydro-β-carbolines (THβCs) is one of the most efficient methods for the synthesis of biologically active spirooxindoles, including natural products and drug molecules. Here, we report the first electrochemical approach to achieve this important organic transformation in a flow cell. The key to the high efficiency was the use of a multifunctional LiBr electrolyte, where the bromide (Br−) ion acts as a mediator and catalyst and lithium ion (Li+) acts as a likely hydrophilic spectator, which might considerably reduce diffusion of THβCs into the double layer and thus prevent possible nonselective electrode oxidation of indoles. Additionally, we build a zero-gap flow cell to speed up mass transport and minimize concentration polarization, simultaneously achieving a high faradaic efficiency (FE) of 96% and an outstanding productivity of 0.144 mmol (h−1 cm−2). This electrochemical method is demonstrated with twenty substrates, offering a general, green path towards bioactive spirooxindoles without using hazardous oxidants. A zero-gap flow cell was designed for the first electro-oxidative rearrangement of tetrahydro-β-carbolines to spirooxindoles with high yield, faradaic efficiency and productivity when LiBr was discovered as a bi-functional mediator and catalyst.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiting Zheng
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, and Energy Institute, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Yuen Tsz Cheung
- Department of Chemistry, The Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lixin Liang
- Department of Chemistry, The Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Huiying Qiu
- Department of Chemistry, The Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Anson Tsang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, and Energy Institute, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Qing Chen
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, and Energy Institute, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, The Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Rongbiao Tong
- Department of Chemistry, The Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
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