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Golushko AA, Khoroshilova OV, Vasilyev AV. Synthesis of 1,2,4-Oxadiazoles by Tandem Reaction of Nitroalkenes with Arenes and Nitriles in the Superacid TfOH. J Org Chem 2019; 84:7495-7500. [PMID: 31117566 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b00812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The tandem reaction of nitroalkenes with arenes and nitriles in the superacid CF3SO3H (TfOH) results in the formation of 1,2,4-oxadiazole derivatives in yields up to 96%. This reaction proceeds via the consequent interaction of arenes and nitriles, as nucleophiles, with intermediate cationic species derived by the protonation of nitroalkenes in TfOH. This is novel and general synthesis of 1,2,4-oxadiazoles, which are very important compounds for medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei A Golushko
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry , Saint Petersburg State University , Universitetskaya nab., 7/9 , Saint Petersburg 199034 , Russia
| | - Olesya V Khoroshilova
- Center for X-ray Diffraction Studies, Research Park , Saint Petersburg State University , Universitetskiy pr., 26 , Saint Petersburg , Petrodvoretz 198504 , Russia
| | - Aleksander V Vasilyev
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry , Saint Petersburg State University , Universitetskaya nab., 7/9 , Saint Petersburg 199034 , Russia.,Department of Chemistry , Saint Petersburg State Forest Technical University , Institutsky per., 5 , Saint Petersburg 194021 , Russia
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52
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Kallinen A, Boyd R, Lane S, Bhalla R, Mardon K, Stimson DHR, Werry EL, Fulton R, Connor M, Kassiou M. Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of fluorine-18 benzimidazole sulfones as CB2 PET-radioligands. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:5086-5098. [PMID: 31070218 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob00656g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cannabinoid type 2 receptor (CB2) is up-regulated on activated microglial cells and can potentially be used as a biomarker for PET-imaging of neuroinflammation. In this study the synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of novel fluorinated pyridyl and ethyl sulfone analogues of 2-(tert-butyl)-5-((2-fluoropyridin-4-yl)sulfonyl)-1-(2-methylpentyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole (rac-1a) are described. In general, the ligands showed low nanomolar potency (CB2 EC50 < 10 nM) and excellent selectivity over the CB1 subtype (>10 000×). Selected ligands 1d, 1e, 1g and 3l showing high CB2 binding affinity (Ki < 10 nM) were radiolabelled with fluorine-18 from chloropyridyl and alkyl tosylate precursors with good to high isolated radioactive yields (25-44%, non-decay corrected, at the end of synthesis). CB2-specific binding of the radioligand candidates [18F]-1d and [18F]-3l was assessed on rat spleen cryosections using in vitro autoradiography. The results warrant further in vivo evaluation of the tracer candidates as prospective CB2 PET-imaging agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annukka Kallinen
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Rochelle Boyd
- Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Samuel Lane
- Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Rajiv Bhalla
- The Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Karine Mardon
- The Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Damion H R Stimson
- The Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Eryn L Werry
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Roger Fulton
- Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Mark Connor
- Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Michael Kassiou
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
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53
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Bian Y, Jing Y, Wang L, Ma S, Jun JJ, Xie XQ. Prediction of Orthosteric and Allosteric Regulations on Cannabinoid Receptors Using Supervised Machine Learning Classifiers. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:2605-2615. [PMID: 31013097 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Designing highly selective compounds to protein subtypes and developing allosteric modulators targeting them are critical considerations to both drug discovery and mechanism studies for cannabinoid receptors. It is challenging but in demand to have classifiers to identify active ligands from inactive or random compounds and distinguish allosteric modulators from orthosteric ligands. In this study, supervised machine learning classifiers were built for two subtypes of cannabinoid receptors, CB1 and CB2. Three types of features, including molecular descriptors, MACCS fingerprints, and ECFP6 fingerprints, were calculated to evaluate the compound sets from diverse aspects. Deep neural networks, as well as conventional machine learning algorithms including support vector machine, naïve Bayes, logistic regression, and ensemble learning, were applied. Their performances on the classification with different types of features were compared and discussed. According to the receiver operating characteristic curves and the calculated metrics, the advantages and drawbacks of each algorithm were investigated. The feature ranking was followed to help extract useful knowledge about critical molecular properties, substructural keys, and circular fingerprints. The extracted features will then facilitate the research on cannabinoid receptors by providing guidance on preferred properties for compound modification and novel scaffold design. Besides using conventional molecular docking studies for compound virtual screening, machine-learning-based decision-making models provide alternative options. This study can be of value to the application of machine learning in the area of drug discovery and compound development.
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54
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Li-Zhulanov NS, Il’ina IV, Chicca A, Schenker P, Patrusheva OS, Nazimova EV, Korchagina DV, Krasavin M, Volcho KP, Salakhutdinov NF. Effect of chiral polyhydrochromenes on cannabinoid system. Med Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-019-02294-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Benzo[d]thiazol-2(3H)-ones as new potent selective CB 2 agonists with anti-inflammatory properties. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 165:347-362. [PMID: 30583970 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The high distribution of CB2 receptors in immune cells suggests their important role in the control of inflammation. Growing evidence offers this receptor as an attractive therapeutic target: selective CB2 agonists are able to modulate inflammation without triggering psychotropic effects. In this work, we report a new series of selective CB2 agonists based on a benzo[d]thiazol-2(3H)-one scaffold. This drug design project led to the discovery of compound 9, as a very potent CB2 agonist (Ki = 13.5 nM) with a good selectivity versus CB1. This compound showed no cytotoxicity, acceptable ADME-Tox parameters and demonstrates the ability to counteract colon inflammatory process in vivo.
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56
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Cooper AG, Oyagawa CRM, Manning JJ, Singh S, Hook S, Grimsey NL, Glass M, Tyndall JDA, Vernall AJ. Development of selective, fluorescent cannabinoid type 2 receptor ligands based on a 1,8-naphthyridin-2-(1 H)-one-3-carboxamide scaffold. MEDCHEMCOMM 2018; 9:2055-2067. [PMID: 30647881 PMCID: PMC6301273 DOI: 10.1039/c8md00448j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cannabinoid type 2 (CB2) receptor has been implicated in several diseases and conditions, however no CB2 receptor selective drugs have made it to market. The aim of this study was to develop fluorescent ligands as CB2 receptor tools, to enable an increased understanding of CB2 receptor expression and signalling and thereby accelerate drug discovery. Fluorescent ligands have been successfully developed for other receptors, however none with adequate subtype selectivity or imaging properties have been reported for CB2 receptor. A series of 1,8-naphthyridin-2-(1H)-one-3-carboxamides with linkers and fluorophores appended in the N1 and C3-positions were developed. Molecular modelling indicated the C3 cis-cyclohexanol-linked compounds directed the linker out of the CB2 receptor between transmembrane helices 1 and 7. Herein we report fluorescent ligand 32 (hCB2 pK i = 6.33 ± 0.02) as one of the highest affinity, selective CB2 receptor fluorescent ligands reported. Despite 32 displaying poor specific labelling of CB2 receptor, the naphthyridine scaffold with this linker remains highly promising for future development of CB2 receptor tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna G Cooper
- School of Pharmacy , University of Otago , 18 Frederick Street , Dunedin 9054 , New Zealand . ; Tel: +64 3 479 4518
| | - Caitlin R M Oyagawa
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, and Centre for Brain Research , School of Medical Sciences , University of Auckland , Auckland , New Zealand
| | - Jamie J Manning
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, and Centre for Brain Research , School of Medical Sciences , University of Auckland , Auckland , New Zealand
| | - Sameek Singh
- School of Pharmacy , University of Otago , 18 Frederick Street , Dunedin 9054 , New Zealand . ; Tel: +64 3 479 4518
| | - Sarah Hook
- School of Pharmacy , University of Otago , 18 Frederick Street , Dunedin 9054 , New Zealand . ; Tel: +64 3 479 4518
| | - Natasha L Grimsey
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, and Centre for Brain Research , School of Medical Sciences , University of Auckland , Auckland , New Zealand
| | - Michelle Glass
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, and Centre for Brain Research , School of Medical Sciences , University of Auckland , Auckland , New Zealand
| | - Joel D A Tyndall
- School of Pharmacy , University of Otago , 18 Frederick Street , Dunedin 9054 , New Zealand . ; Tel: +64 3 479 4518
| | - Andrea J Vernall
- School of Pharmacy , University of Otago , 18 Frederick Street , Dunedin 9054 , New Zealand . ; Tel: +64 3 479 4518
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Qian HY, Wang ZL, Chen LL, Pan YL, Xie XY, Xie X, Chen JZ. Design, Synthesis, and SAR Studies of Heteroarylpyrimidines and Heteroaryltriazines as CB 2 R Ligands. ChemMedChem 2018; 13:2455-2463. [PMID: 30246417 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201800541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Herein we describe the design and synthesis of a new series of heteroarylpyrimidine/heteroaryltriazine derivatives on the basis of quinazoline-2,4(1H,3H)-diones as CB2 R-selective ligands using a bioisosterism strategy. An acetamide group was explored to displace the enamine linker of the lead compound for the purpose of stereoisomerism elimination and hydrophilicity increase. As a result, some of the synthesized compounds showed high bioactivity and selectivity for CB2 R in calcium mobilization assays, and four displayed CB2 R agonist activity, with EC50 values below 30 nm. The compound exhibiting the highest agonist activity toward CB2 R (EC50 =7.53±3.15 nm) had a selectivity over CB1 R of more than 1328-fold. Moreover, structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies indicated that the substituents on the nucleus play key roles in the functionality of a ligand, with one such example demonstrating CB2 R antagonist activity. Additionally, molecular docking simulations were conducted with the aim of better understanding of these new derivatives in relation to the structural requirements for agonists/antagonists binding to CB2 R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Yan Qian
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Long Wang
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, P.R. China
| | - Li-Li Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, P.R. China
| | - You-Lu Pan
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Yu Xie
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, P.R. China
| | - Xin Xie
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Zhong Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, P.R. China
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58
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Mugnaini C, Rabbito A, Brizzi A, Palombi N, Petrosino S, Verde R, Di Marzo V, Ligresti A, Corelli F. Synthesis of novel 2-(1-adamantanylcarboxamido)thiophene derivatives. Selective cannabinoid type 2 (CB2) receptor agonists as potential agents for the treatment of skin inflammatory disease. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 161:239-251. [PMID: 30359820 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.09.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
A set of CB2R ligands, based on the thiophene scaffold, was synthesized and evaluated in in vitro assays. Compounds 8c-i, k, l, bearing the 3-carboxylate and 2-(adamantan-1-yl)carboxamido groups together with apolar alkyl/aryl substituents at 5-position or at 4- and 5-positions of the thiophene ring possess high CB2R affinity at low nanomolar concentration, good receptor selectivity, and agonistic functional activity. The full agonist 8g, showing the best balance between receptor affinity and selectivity, was tested in vitro in an experimental model of allergic contact dermatitis and proved to be able to block the release of MCP-2 in HaCaT cells at 10 μM concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Mugnaini
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Rabbito
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via dei Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli (Napoli), Italy
| | - Antonella Brizzi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Nastasja Palombi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Stefania Petrosino
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via dei Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli (Napoli), Italy
| | - Roberta Verde
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via dei Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli (Napoli), Italy
| | - Vincenzo Di Marzo
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via dei Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli (Napoli), Italy
| | - Alessia Ligresti
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via dei Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli (Napoli), Italy.
| | - Federico Corelli
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
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59
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Nuutinen T. Medicinal properties of terpenes found in Cannabis sativa and Humulus lupulus. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 157:198-228. [PMID: 30096653 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.07.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cannabaceae plants Cannabis sativa L. and Humulus lupulus L. are rich in terpenes - both are typically comprised of terpenes as up to 3-5% of the dry-mass of the female inflorescence. Terpenes of cannabis and hops are typically simple mono- and sesquiterpenes derived from two and three isoprene units, respectively. Some terpenes are relatively well known for their potential in biomedicine and have been used in traditional medicine for centuries, while others are yet to be studied in detail. The current, comprehensive review presents terpenes found in cannabis and hops. Terpenes' medicinal properties are supported by numerous in vitro, animal and clinical trials and show anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, analgesic, anticonvulsive, antidepressant, anxiolytic, anticancer, antitumor, neuroprotective, anti-mutagenic, anti-allergic, antibiotic and anti-diabetic attributes, among others. Because of the very low toxicity, these terpenes are already widely used as food additives and in cosmetic products. Thus, they have been proven safe and well-tolerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarmo Nuutinen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Univerisity of Eastern Finland (UEF), Finland; Department of Physics and Mathematics, UEF, Finland.
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60
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Tan L, Yan W, McCorvy JD, Cheng J. Biased Ligands of G Protein-Coupled Receptors (GPCRs): Structure-Functional Selectivity Relationships (SFSRs) and Therapeutic Potential. J Med Chem 2018; 61:9841-9878. [PMID: 29939744 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) signal through both G-protein-dependent and G-protein-independent pathways, and β-arrestin recruitment is the most recognized one of the latter. Biased ligands selective for either pathway are expected to regulate biological functions of GPCRs in a more precise way, therefore providing new drug molecules with superior efficacy and/or reduced side effects. During the past decade, biased ligands have been discovered and developed for many GPCRs, such as the μ opioid receptor, the angiotensin II receptor type 1, the dopamine D2 receptor, and many others. In this Perspective, recent advances in this field are reviewed by discussing the structure-functional selectivity relationships (SFSRs) of GPCR biased ligands and the therapeutic potential of these molecules. Further understanding of the biological functions associated with each signaling pathway and structural basis for biased signaling will facilitate future drug design in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Tan
- iHuman Institute , ShanghaiTech University , 393 Middle Huaxia Road , Pudong District, Shanghai 201210 , China
| | - Wenzhong Yan
- iHuman Institute , ShanghaiTech University , 393 Middle Huaxia Road , Pudong District, Shanghai 201210 , China
| | - John D McCorvy
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy , Medical College of Wisconsin , 8701 W. Watertown Plank Road , Milwaukee , Wisconsin 53226 , United States
| | - Jianjun Cheng
- iHuman Institute , ShanghaiTech University , 393 Middle Huaxia Road , Pudong District, Shanghai 201210 , China
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61
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Prandi C, Blangetti M, Namdar D, Koltai H. Structure-Activity Relationship of Cannabis Derived Compounds for the Treatment of Neuronal Activity-Related Diseases. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23071526. [PMID: 29941830 PMCID: PMC6099582 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23071526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cannabis sativa active compounds are extensively studied for their therapeutic effects, beyond the well-known psychotropic activity. C. Sativa is used to treat different medical indications, such as multiple sclerosis, spasticity, epilepsy, ulcerative colitis and pain. Simultaneously, basic research is discovering new constituents of cannabis-derived compounds and their receptors capable of neuroprotection and neuronal activity modulation. The function of the various phytochemicals in different therapeutic processes is not fully understood, but their significant role is starting to emerge and be appreciated. In this review, we will consider the structure-activity relationship (SAR) of cannabinoid compounds able to bind to cannabinoid receptors and act as therapeutic agents in neuronal diseases, e.g., Parkinson’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Prandi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, 10125 Torino, Italy.
| | - Marco Blangetti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, 10125 Torino, Italy.
| | - Dvora Namdar
- ARO, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel.
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62
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Ragusa G, Bencivenni S, Morales P, Callaway T, Hurst DP, Asproni B, Merighi S, Loriga G, Pinna GA, Reggio PH, Gessi S, Murineddu G. Synthesis, Pharmacological Evaluation, and Docking Studies of Novel Pyridazinone-Based Cannabinoid Receptor Type 2 Ligands. ChemMedChem 2018; 13:1102-1114. [PMID: 29575721 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201800152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, cannabinoid type 2 receptors (CB2 R) have emerged as promising therapeutic targets in a wide variety of diseases. Selective ligands of CB2 R are devoid of the psychoactive effects typically observed for CB1 R ligands. Based on our recent studies on a class of pyridazinone 4-carboxamides, further structural modifications of the pyridazinone core were made to better investigate the structure-activity relationships for this promising scaffold with the aim to develop potent CB2 R ligands. In binding assays, two of the new synthesized compounds [6-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(4-fluorobenzyl)-cis-N-(4-methylcyclohexyl)-3-oxo-2,3-dihydropyridazine-4-carboxamide (2) and 6-(4-chloro-3-methylphenyl)-cis-N-(4-methylcyclohexyl)-3-oxo-2-pentyl-2,3-dihydropyridazine-4-carboxamide (22)] showed high CB2 R affinity, with Ki values of 2.1 and 1.6 nm, respectively. In addition, functional assays of these compounds and other new active related derivatives revealed their pharmacological profiles as CB2 R inverse agonists. Compound 22 displayed the highest CB2 R selectivity and potency, presenting a favorable in silico pharmacokinetic profile. Furthermore, a molecular modeling study revealed how 22 produces inverse agonism through blocking the movement of the toggle-switch residue, W6.48.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Ragusa
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, via F. Muroni 23/A, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Serena Bencivenni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Sezione di Farmacologia, Università di Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara, 17-19, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paula Morales
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, 27402, USA
| | - Tyra Callaway
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, 27402, USA
| | - Dow P Hurst
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, 27402, USA
| | - Battistina Asproni
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, via F. Muroni 23/A, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Stefania Merighi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Sezione di Farmacologia, Università di Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara, 17-19, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giovanni Loriga
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council, 09010 Pula, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Gerard A Pinna
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, via F. Muroni 23/A, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Patricia H Reggio
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, 27402, USA
| | - Stefania Gessi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Sezione di Farmacologia, Università di Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara, 17-19, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Gabriele Murineddu
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, via F. Muroni 23/A, 07100, Sassari, Italy
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63
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Synthesis and biological evaluation of ferrocene-based cannabinoid receptor 2 ligands. Future Med Chem 2018; 10:631-638. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2017-0200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferrocene analogs of known fatty acid amide hydrolase inhibitors and CB2 ligands have been synthesized and characterized spectroscopically and crystallographically. The resulting bio-organometallic isoxazoles were assayed for their effects on CB1 and CB2 receptors as well as on fatty acid amide hydrolase. None had any fatty acid amide hydrolase activity but compound 3, 5-(2-(pentyloxy)phenyl)-N-ferrocenylisoxazole-3-carboxamide, was found to be a potent CB2 ligand (Ki = 32.5 nM).
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64
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Jiang YY, Liu TT, Zhang RX, Xu ZY, Sun X, Bi S. Mechanism and Rate-Determining Factors of Amide Bond Formation through Acyl Transfer of Mixed Carboxylic–Carbamic Anhydrides: A Computational Study. J Org Chem 2018; 83:2676-2685. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b03107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Ye Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tian-Tian Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui-Xue Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhong-Yan Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xue Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, People’s Republic of China
| | - Siwei Bi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, People’s Republic of China
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65
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Tuo W, Bollier M, Leleu-Chavain N, Lemaire L, Barczyk A, Dezitter X, Klupsch F, Szczepanski F, Spencer J, Chavatte P, Millet R. Development of novel oxazolo[5,4-d]pyrimidines as competitive CB2 neutral antagonists based on scaffold hopping. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 146:68-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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66
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Cilia R. Molecular Imaging of the Cannabinoid System in Idiopathic Parkinson's Disease. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2018; 141:305-345. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2022]
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Banister SD, Connor M. The Chemistry and Pharmacology of Synthetic Cannabinoid Receptor Agonists as New Psychoactive Substances: Origins. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2018; 252:165-190. [PMID: 29980914 DOI: 10.1007/164_2018_143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists (SCRAs) have proliferated as new psychoactive substances (NPS) over the past decade. Relative to other classes of NPS, SCRAs are structurally heterogeneous; however, most SCRAs act as potent, high-efficacy agonists of cannabinoid type 1 and type 2 receptors (CB1 and CB2, respectively). Characterization of the pharmacology and toxicology of these substances is hindered by the dynamic nature of the SCRA marketplace. Beyond basic pharmacological profiling at CB1 and CB2 receptors, very little is known about the acute or chronic effects of SCRAs. Many of the effects of SCRAs are qualitatively similar to those of the Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) found in cannabis. However, unlike Δ9-THC, SCRAs are frequently associated with serious adverse effects, including cardiotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, and death. This chapter will provide an overview of the structure and function of the primary target for SCRAs, the CB1 receptor, and survey the structure-activity relationships of the historical SCRAs that served as templates for the earliest generations of NPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel D Banister
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.
| | - Mark Connor
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Abidi AH, Presley CS, Dabbous M, Tipton DA, Mustafa SM, Moore BM. Anti-inflammatory activity of cannabinoid receptor 2 ligands in primary hPDL fibroblasts. Arch Oral Biol 2017; 87:79-85. [PMID: 29274621 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Approximately 65 million adults in the US have periodontitis, causing tooth loss and decreased quality of life. Cannabinoids modulate immune responses, and endocannabinoids are prevalent during oral cavity inflammation. Targets for intervention in periodontal inflammation are cannabinoid type 1 and 2 receptors (CB1R, CB2R), particularly CB2R because its levels increase during inflammation. We previously demonstrated that SMM-189 (CB2R inverse agonist) decreased pro-inflammatory cytokine production in primary microglial cells. The hypothesis of this study was that cannabinoids anandamide (AEA), HU-308 (CB2R selective agonist), and SMM-189 decrease pro-inflammatory IL-6 and MCP-1 production by primary human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (hPDLFs) stimulated with P. gingivalis LPS, TNF-α, or IL-1β. DESIGN Cytotoxic effects of cannabinoid compounds (10-4-10-6.5 M), LPS (1-1000 ng/ml), TNFα (10 ng/ml) and IL-1β (1 ng/ml) were assessed by measuring effects on cellular dehydrogenase activity. IL-6 and MCP-1 production were measured using Mesoscale Discovery (MSD) Human Pro-Inflammatory IL-6 and MSD Human Chemokine MCP-1 kits and analyzed using MSD Sector 2400 machine. RESULTS EC50 values for AEA, SMM-189, and HU-308 were 16 μM, 13 μM, and 7.3 μM respectively. LPS (1 μg/ml), TNF-α (10 ng/ml), and IL-1β (1 ng/ml) increased IL-6 and MCP-1 production, which were inhibited by AEA, SMM-189, and HU-308. AEA alone significantly increased IL-6, but not MCP-1 levels, but the other cannabinoids alone had no effect. CONCLUSION The effective inhibition of LPS, TNF-α, IL-1β stimulated IL-6 and MCP-1 production by CB2R ligands in hPDLFs suggests that targeting the endocannabinoid system may lead to development of novel drugs for periodontal therapy, aiding strategies to improve oral health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammaar H Abidi
- Department of General Practice Dentistry, College of Dentistry, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Chaela S Presley
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Mustafa Dabbous
- Department of Bioscience Research, College of Dentistry, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - David A Tipton
- Department of Bioscience Research, College of Dentistry, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Suni M Mustafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Bob M Moore
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States.
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Betacaryophyllene - A phytocannabinoid as potential therapeutic modality for human sepsis? Med Hypotheses 2017; 110:68-70. [PMID: 29317072 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2017.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis is a clinical condition resulting from a dysregulated immune response to an infection that leads to organ dysfunction. Despite numerous efforts to optimize treatment, sepsis remains to be the main cause of death in most intensive care units. The endogenous cannabinoid system (ECS) plays an important role in inflammation. Cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2R) activation is immunosuppressive, which might be beneficial during the hyper-inflammatory phase of sepsis. Beta-caryophyllene (BCP) is a non-psychoactive natural cannabinoid (phytocannabinoid) found in Cannabis sativa and in essential oils of spices and food plants, that acts as a selective agonist of CB2R. We propose BCP administration as novel treatment to reduce hyper-inflammation in human sepsis.
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Developing pyridazine-3-carboxamides to be CB2 agonists: The design, synthesis, structure-activity relationships and docking studies. Eur J Med Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.05.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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71
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Evaluation of carboxamide-type synthetic cannabinoids as CB 1/CB 2 receptor agonists: difference between the enantiomers. Forensic Toxicol 2017; 36:51-60. [PMID: 29367862 PMCID: PMC5754384 DOI: 10.1007/s11419-017-0378-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Recently, carboxamide-type synthetic cannabinoids have been distributed globally as new psychoactive substances (NPS). Some of these compounds possess asymmetric carbon, which is derived from an amide moiety composed of amino acid derivatives (i.e., amides or esters of amino acids). In this study, we synthesized both enantiomers of synthetic cannabinoids, N-(1-amino-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl)-1-(2-fluorobenzyl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide (AB-FUBINACA 2-fluorobenzyl isomer), N-(1-amino-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl)-1-(cyclohexylmethyl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide (APP-CHMINACA), ethyl [1-(5-fluoropentyl)-1H-indazole-3-carbonyl]valinate (5F-EMB-PINACA), ethyl [1-(4-fluorobenzyl)-1H-indazole-3-carbonyl]valinate (EMB-FUBINACA), and methyl 2-[1-(4-fluorobenzyl)-1H-indole-3-carboxamido]-3,3-dimethylbutanoate (MDMB-FUBICA), which were reported as NPS found in Europe from 2014 to 2015, to evaluate their activities as CB1/CB2 receptor agonists. With the exception of (R) MDMB-FUBICA, all of the tested enantiomers were assumed to be agonists of both CB1 and CB2 receptors, and the EC50 values of the (S)-enantiomers for the CB1 receptors were about five times lower than those of (R)-enantiomers. (R) MDMB-FUBICA was shown to function as an agonist of the CB2 receptor, but lacks CB1 receptor activity. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to show that the (R)-enantiomers of the carboxamide-type synthetic cannabinoids have the potency to activate CB1 and CB2 receptors. The findings presented here shed light on the pharmacological properties of these carboxamide-type synthetic cannabinoids in forensic cases.
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Spinelli F, Capparelli E, Abate C, Colabufo NA, Contino M. Perspectives of Cannabinoid Type 2 Receptor (CB2R) Ligands in Neurodegenerative Disorders: Structure-Affinity Relationship (SAfiR) and Structure-Activity Relationship (SAR) Studies. J Med Chem 2017; 60:9913-9931. [PMID: 28608697 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Up-regulation of CB2R on activated microglial cells, the first step in neurodegeneration, has been widely demonstrated, and this finding makes the receptor a promising target in the early diagnosis and treatment of several neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), and multiple sclerosis (MS). The development of CB2R PET ligands could help demonstrate the neurodegenerative pathogenesis, thus providing useful tools for characterizing the role of neuroinflammation in the progression of these disorders. CB2R agonists and inverse agonists have emerged as neuroprotective agents, and CB2R agonists have entered several clinical trials. CB2R ligands have therefore received great attention, and different molecular scaffolds have been selected to target CB2R subtypes. This review is focused on structure-activity relationship (SAR) and structure-affinity relationship (SAfiR) studies performed on different scaffolds with the aim to identify the molecular features useful for the design of both therapeutic and diagnostic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Spinelli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro , Via Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Elena Capparelli
- Biofordrug srl, Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy.,Catholic University "Our Lady of Good Counsel", Kompleksi Spitalor Universitar "Zoja e Këshillit të Mirë" , Rr. Dritan Hoxha, Laprakë, 1000, Tirana, Albania
| | - Carmen Abate
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro , Via Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Nicola A Colabufo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro , Via Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy.,Biofordrug srl, Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Marialessandra Contino
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro , Via Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
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Abstract
Acute and chronic pain complaints, although common, are generally poorly served by existing therapies. This unmet clinical need reflects a failure to develop novel classes of analgesics with superior efficacy, diminished adverse effects and a lower abuse liability than those currently available. Reasons for this include the heterogeneity of clinical pain conditions, the complexity and diversity of underlying pathophysiological mechanisms, and the unreliability of some preclinical pain models. However, recent advances in our understanding of the neurobiology of pain are beginning to offer opportunities for developing novel therapeutic strategies and revisiting existing targets, including modulating ion channels, enzymes and G-protein-coupled receptors.
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74
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Qian HY, Wang ZL, Pan YL, Chen LL, Xie X, Chen JZ. Development of Quinazoline/Pyrimidine-2,4(1 H,3 H)-diones as Agonists of Cannabinoid Receptor Type 2. ACS Med Chem Lett 2017. [PMID: 28626532 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.7b00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Starting from a prototypical structure 1, we describe our efforts to design and obtain novel quinazoline/pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-diones with high CB2 agonist potency and selectivity as well as improved physicochemical characteristics, mainly hydrophilicity. The most potent and selective CB2 agonists, 8 and 36, in this series were also endowed with lower logP values than that of GW842166X and lead compound 1. These derivatives appear to be promising lead compounds for the development of future CB2 agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Yan Qian
- College
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Long Wang
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
| | - You-Lu Pan
- College
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P. R. China
| | - Li-Li Chen
- College
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P. R. China
| | - Xin Xie
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Zhong Chen
- College
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P. R. China
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75
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Moldovan RP, Hausmann K, Deuther-Conrad W, Brust P. Development of Highly Affine and Selective Fluorinated Cannabinoid Type 2 Receptor Ligands. ACS Med Chem Lett 2017; 8:566-571. [PMID: 28523112 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.7b00129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cannabinoid type 2 receptors (CB2 receptors) are involved in various pathological processes, and the visualization of their in vivo availability with positron emission tomography (PET) is of high interest. The study focuses on the introduction of fluorine into the structure of the highly affine and selective CB2 receptor ligand N-(adamantan-1-yl)-5-ethyl-2-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-imidazole-4-carboxamide (5). A novel series of compounds was developed by modifying (i) the adamantane-3-position, (ii) the imidazole-N-phenyl ring, and (iii) the imidazole-2-position, and the impact on the CB2 binding affinity and selectivity toward cannabinoid type 1 receptors (CB1) was evaluated. This study identified compound 15 as one of the most potent (Ki(CB2) = 0.29 nM) and selective (CB1/CB2 > 10000) CB2 receptor ligands discovered so far, eligible for the development of an 18F-labeled PET radiotracer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rareş-Petru Moldovan
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Permoserstraße 15, Leipzig 04318, Germany
| | - Kristin Hausmann
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Permoserstraße 15, Leipzig 04318, Germany
| | - Winnie Deuther-Conrad
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Permoserstraße 15, Leipzig 04318, Germany
| | - Peter Brust
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Permoserstraße 15, Leipzig 04318, Germany
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76
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Zalivatskaya AS, Ryabukhin DS, Tarasenko MV, Ivanov AY, Boyarskaya IA, Grinenko EV, Osetrova LV, Kofanov ER, Vasilyev AV. Metal-free hydroarylation of the side chain carbon-carbon double bond of 5-(2-arylethenyl)-3-aryl-1,2,4-oxadiazoles in triflic acid. Beilstein J Org Chem 2017; 13:883-894. [PMID: 28546846 PMCID: PMC5433146 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.13.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The metal-free reaction of 5-(2-arylethenyl)-3-aryl-1,2,4-oxadiazoles with arenes in neat triflic acid (TfOH, CF3SO3H), both under thermal and microwave conditions, leads to 5-(2,2-diarylethyl)-3-aryl-1,2,4-oxadiazoles. The products are formed through the regioselective hydroarylation of the side chain carbon-carbon double bond of the starting oxadiazoles in yields up to 97%. According to NMR data and DFT calculations, N4,C-diprotonated forms of oxadiazoles are the electrophilic intermediates in this reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna S Zalivatskaya
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State Forest Technical University, Institutsky per., 5, Saint Petersburg, 194021, Russia
| | - Dmitry S Ryabukhin
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State Forest Technical University, Institutsky per., 5, Saint Petersburg, 194021, Russia
| | - Marina V Tarasenko
- Yaroslavl State Technical University, Moskovskiy pr., 88, Yaroslavl, 150023, Russia
| | - Alexander Yu Ivanov
- Center for Magnetic Resonance, Research park, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskiy pr., 26, Saint Petersburg, Petrodvoretz, 198504, Russia
| | - Irina A Boyarskaya
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya nab., 7/9, Saint Petersburg, 199034, Russia
| | - Elena V Grinenko
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State Forest Technical University, Institutsky per., 5, Saint Petersburg, 194021, Russia
| | - Ludmila V Osetrova
- Institute of Synthetic Rubber, Gapsalskaya str., 1, Saint Petersburg, 198035, Russia
| | - Eugeniy R Kofanov
- Yaroslavl State Technical University, Moskovskiy pr., 88, Yaroslavl, 150023, Russia
| | - Aleksander V Vasilyev
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State Forest Technical University, Institutsky per., 5, Saint Petersburg, 194021, Russia
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya nab., 7/9, Saint Petersburg, 199034, Russia
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Marino S, Idris AI. Emerging therapeutic targets in cancer induced bone disease: A focus on the peripheral type 2 cannabinoid receptor. Pharmacol Res 2017; 119:391-403. [PMID: 28274851 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal complications are a common cause of morbidity in patients with primary bone cancer and bone metastases. The type 2 cannabinoid (Cnr2) receptor is implicated in cancer, bone metabolism and pain perception. Emerging data have uncovered the role of Cnr2 in the regulation of tumour-bone cell interactions and suggest that agents that target Cnr2 in the skeleton have potential efficacy in the reduction of skeletal complications associated with cancer. This review aims to provide an overview of findings relating to the role of Cnr2 receptor in the regulation of skeletal tumour growth, osteolysis and bone pain, and highlights the many unanswered questions and unmet needs. This review argues that development and testing of peripherally-acting, tumour-, Cnr2-selective ligands in preclinical models of metastatic cancer will pave the way for future research that will advance our knowledge about the basic mechanism(s) by which the endocannabinoid system regulate cancer metastasis, stimulate the development of a safer cannabis-based therapy for the treatment of cancer and provide policy makers with powerful tools to assess the science and therapeutic potential of cannabinoid-based therapy. Thus, offering the prospect of identifying selective Cnr2 ligands, as novel, alternative to cannabis herbal extracts for the treatment of advanced cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Marino
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK.
| | - Aymen I Idris
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK.
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Ragusa G, Gómez-Cañas M, Morales P, Rodríguez-Cueto C, Pazos MR, Asproni B, Cichero E, Fossa P, Pinna GA, Jagerovic N, Fernández-Ruiz J, Murineddu G. New pyridazinone-4-carboxamides as new cannabinoid receptor type-2 inverse agonists: Synthesis, pharmacological data and molecular docking. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 127:398-412. [PMID: 28088085 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 12/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In the last few years, cannabinoid type-2 receptor (CB2R) selective ligands have shown a great potential as novel therapeutic drugs in several diseases. With the aim of discovering new selective cannabinoid ligands, a series of pyridazinone-4-carboxamides was designed and synthesized, and the new derivatives tested for their affinity toward the hCB1R and hCB2R. The 6-(4-chloro-3-methylphenyl)-2-(4-fluorobenzyl)-N-(cis-4-methylcyclohexyl)-3-oxo-2,3-dihydropyridazine-4-carboxamide (9) displayed high CB2-affinity (KiCB2 = 2.0 ± 0.81 nM) and a notable selectivity (KiCB1/KiCB2 > 2000). In addition, 9 and other active new synthesized entities have demonstrated to behave as CB2R inverse agonists in [35S]-GTPγS binding assay. ADME predictions of the newly synthesized CB2R ligands suggest a favourable pharmacokinetic profile. Docking studies disclosed the specific pattern of interactions of these derivatives. Our results support that pyridazinone-4-carboxamides represent a new promising scaffold for the development of potent and selective CB2R ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Ragusa
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, via F. Muroni 23/A, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - María Gómez-Cañas
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, 28040, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain; Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Paula Morales
- Instituto de Química Médica, CSIC, Calle Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Rodríguez-Cueto
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, 28040, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain; Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - María R Pazos
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, 28040, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain; Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Battistina Asproni
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, via F. Muroni 23/A, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Elena Cichero
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV n. 3, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Paola Fossa
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV n. 3, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Gerard A Pinna
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, via F. Muroni 23/A, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Nadine Jagerovic
- Instituto de Química Médica, CSIC, Calle Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Fernández-Ruiz
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, 28040, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain; Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Gabriele Murineddu
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, via F. Muroni 23/A, 07100, Sassari, Italy.
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79
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The arguments for and against cannabinoids application in glaucomatous retinopathy. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 86:620-627. [PMID: 28027538 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.11.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma represents several optic neuropathies leading to irreversible blindness through progressive retinal ganglion cell (RGC) loss. Reduction of intraocular pressure (IOP) is known as the only modifiable factor in the treatment of this disorder. Application of exogenous cannabinoids to lower IOP has attracted attention of scientists as potential agents for the treatment of glaucoma. Accordingly, neuroprotective effect of these agents has been recently described through modulation of endocannabinoid system in the eye. In the present work, pertinent information regarding ocular endocannabinoid system, mechanism of exogenous cannabinoids interaction with the ocular endocannabinoid system to reduce IOP, and neuroprotection property of cannabinoids will be discussed according to current scientific literature. In addition to experimental studies, bioavailability of cannabinoids, clinical surveys, and adverse effects of application of cannabinoids in glaucoma will be reviewed.
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80
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Navarro G, Morales P, Rodríguez-Cueto C, Fernández-Ruiz J, Jagerovic N, Franco R. Targeting Cannabinoid CB2 Receptors in the Central Nervous System. Medicinal Chemistry Approaches with Focus on Neurodegenerative Disorders. Front Neurosci 2016; 10:406. [PMID: 27679556 PMCID: PMC5020102 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocannabinoids activate two types of specific G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), namely cannabinoid CB1 and CB2. Contrary to the psychotropic actions of agonists of CB1 receptors, and serious side effects of the selective antagonists of this receptor, drugs acting on CB2 receptors appear as promising drugs to combat CNS diseases (Parkinson's disease, Huntington's chorea, cerebellar ataxia, amyotrohic lateral sclerosis). Differential localization of CB2 receptors in neural cell types and upregulation in neuroinflammation are keys to understand the therapeutic potential in inter alia diseases that imply progressive neurodegeneration. Medicinal chemistry approaches are now engaged to develop imaging tools to map receptors in the living human brain, to develop more efficacious agonists, and to investigate the possibility to develop allosteric modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Navarro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, University of BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadrid, Spain; Cell and Molecular Neuropharmacology, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain
| | - Paula Morales
- Instituto de Química Médica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasMadrid, Spain; Center for Drug Discovery, University of North Carolina at GreensboroGreensboro, NC, USA
| | - Carmen Rodríguez-Cueto
- Centro de Investigación en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadrid, Spain; Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica, Universidad ComplutenseMadrid, Spain; Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación SanitariaMadrid, Spain
| | - Javier Fernández-Ruiz
- Centro de Investigación en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadrid, Spain; Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica, Universidad ComplutenseMadrid, Spain; Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación SanitariaMadrid, Spain
| | - Nadine Jagerovic
- Instituto de Química Médica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Franco
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, University of BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadrid, Spain; Cell and Molecular Neuropharmacology, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain
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Bisogno T, Oddi S, Piccoli A, Fazio D, Maccarrone M. Type-2 cannabinoid receptors in neurodegeneration. Pharmacol Res 2016; 111:721-730. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Dore A, Asproni B, Scampuddu A, Gessi S, Murineddu G, Cichero E, Fossa P, Merighi S, Bencivenni S, Pinna GA. Synthesis, molecular modeling and SAR study of novel pyrazolo[5,1-f][1,6]naphthyridines as CB 2 receptor antagonists/inverse agonists. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:5291-5301. [PMID: 27624523 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.08.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Pyrazolo[5,1-f][1,6]naphthyridine-carboxamide derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for the affinity at CB1 and CB2 receptors. Based on the AgOTf and proline-cocatalyzed multicomponent methodology, the ethyl 5-(p-tolyl)pyrazolo[5,1-f][1,6]naphthyridine-2-carboxylate (12) and ethyl 5-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)pyrazolo[5,1-f][1,6]naphthyridine-2-carboxylate (13) intermediates were synthesized from the appropriate o-alkynylaldehydes, p-toluenesulfonyl hydrazide and ethyl pyruvate. Most of the novel compounds feature a p-tolyl (8a-i) or a 2,4-dichlorophenyl (8j) motif at the C5-position of the tricyclic pyrazolo[5,1-f][1,6]naphthyridine scaffold. Structural variation on the carboxamide moiety at the C2-position includes basic monocyclic, terpenoid and adamantine-based amines. Among these derivatives, compound 8h (N-adamant-1-yl-5-(p-tolyl)pyrazolo[5,1-f][1,6]naphthyridine-2-carboxamide) exhibited the highest CB2 receptor affinity (Ki=33nM) and a high degree of selectivity (KiCB1/KiCB2=173:1), whereas a similar trend in the near nM range was seen for the bornyl analogue (compound 8f, Ki=53nM) and the myrtanyl derivative 8j (Ki=67nM). Effects of 8h, 8f and 8j on forskolin-stimulated cAMP levels were determined, showing antagonist/inverse agonist properties for such compounds. Docking studies conducted for these derivatives and the reference antagonist/inverse agonist compound 4 (SR144528) disclosed the specific pattern of interactions probably related to the pyrazolo[5,1-f][1,6]naphthyridine scaffold as CB2 inverse agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Dore
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via F. Muroni 23/a, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Battistina Asproni
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via F. Muroni 23/a, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
| | - Alessia Scampuddu
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via F. Muroni 23/a, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Stefania Gessi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Sezione di Farmacologia, Università di Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara, 17-19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Gabriele Murineddu
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via F. Muroni 23/a, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Elena Cichero
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Genova, Viale Benedetto XV n. 3, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Paola Fossa
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Genova, Viale Benedetto XV n. 3, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Stefania Merighi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Sezione di Farmacologia, Università di Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara, 17-19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Serena Bencivenni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Sezione di Farmacologia, Università di Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara, 17-19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Gérard A Pinna
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via F. Muroni 23/a, 07100 Sassari, Italy
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