51
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Menzi S, Knopp G, Al Haddad A, Augustin S, Borca C, Gashi D, Huthwelker T, James D, Jin J, Pamfilidis G, Schnorr K, Sun Z, Wetter R, Zhang Q, Cirelli C. Generation and simple characterization of flat, liquid jets. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2020; 91:105109. [PMID: 33138597 DOI: 10.1063/5.0007228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We present an approach to determine the absolute thickness profile of flat liquid jets, which takes advantage of the information of thin film interference combined with light absorption, both captured in a single microscopic image. The feasibility of the proposed method is demonstrated on our compact experimental setup used to generate micrometer thin, free-flowing liquid jet sheets upon collision of two identical laminar cylindrical jets. Stable operation was achieved over several hours of the flat jet in vacuum (10-4 mbar), making the system ideally suitable for soft x-ray photon spectroscopy of liquid solutions. We characterize the flat jet size and thickness generated with two solvents, water and ethanol, employing different flow rates and nozzles of variable sizes. Our results show that a gradient of thickness ranging from a minimal thickness of 2 µm to over 10 µm can be found within the jet surface area. This enables the tunability of the sample thickness in situ, allowing the optimization of the transmitted photon flux for the chosen photon energy and sample. We demonstrate the feasibility of x-ray absorption spectroscopy experiments in transmission mode by measuring at the oxygen K-edge of ethanol. Our characterization method and the description of the experimental setup and its reported performance are expected to expand the range of applications and facilitate the use of flat liquid jets for spectroscopy experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Menzi
- Laboratory for Synchrotron Radiation and Femtochemistry, Photon Science Division, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Gregor Knopp
- Laboratory for Synchrotron Radiation and Femtochemistry, Photon Science Division, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Andre Al Haddad
- Laboratory for Advanced Photonics, Photon Science Division, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Sven Augustin
- Laboratory for Synchrotron Radiation and Femtochemistry, Photon Science Division, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Camelia Borca
- Laboratory for Synchrotron Radiation and Femtochemistry, Photon Science Division, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Dardan Gashi
- Laboratory for Synchrotron Radiation and Femtochemistry, Photon Science Division, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Huthwelker
- Laboratory for Synchrotron Radiation and Femtochemistry, Photon Science Division, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Daniel James
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Biology and Chemistry Division, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Jiaye Jin
- Laboratory for Synchrotron Radiation and Femtochemistry, Photon Science Division, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Georgios Pamfilidis
- Laboratory for Synchrotron Radiation and Femtochemistry, Photon Science Division, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Kirsten Schnorr
- Laboratory for Advanced Photonics, Photon Science Division, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Zhibin Sun
- Laboratory for Synchrotron Radiation and Femtochemistry, Photon Science Division, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Reto Wetter
- Laboratory for Synchrotron Radiation and Femtochemistry, Photon Science Division, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Laboratory for Synchrotron Radiation and Femtochemistry, Photon Science Division, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Claudio Cirelli
- Laboratory for Synchrotron Radiation and Femtochemistry, Photon Science Division, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
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52
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Nagasaka M, Iwayama H. Photoelectron based soft x-ray detector for removing high order x rays. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2020; 91:083103. [PMID: 32872951 DOI: 10.1063/5.0011302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Soft x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) in the low energy region below 200 eV is important to investigate chemical and biological phenomena under an atmospheric condition since it covers K-edges of Li and B and L-edges of Si, P, S, and Cl. Monochromatic soft x rays usually include not only first order x rays but also high order x rays due to the high order diffraction of a plane grating monochromator. It is difficult to measure XAS in the low energy region under an atmospheric helium condition since the transmitted soft x rays mostly consist of the high order x rays due to the low transmission of the first order x rays. In this study, we have developed a photoelectron based soft x-ray (PBSX) detector, where the Au 4f photoelectrons emitted by the first order x rays are separated from those by the high order x rays using a difference in kinetic energies of photoelectrons. By using the PBSX detector, we have successfully obtained Si L-edge XAS spectra of the SiC and polymer/SiC films that mainly include the first order x rays by removing the major contributions of the second order x rays at the C K-edge and the fifth order x rays at the O K-edge. In the future, several physical, chemical, and biological phenomena in solution will be investigated by XAS in the low energy region with the PBSX detector.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hiroshi Iwayama
- Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
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53
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Nagasaka M. Soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy in the low-energy region explored using an argon gas window. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2020; 27:959-962. [PMID: 33566004 PMCID: PMC7336171 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577520005883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The soft X-ray region below 200 eV is important for investigating chemical and biological phenomena since it covers K-edges of Li and B and L-edges of Si, P, S and Cl. Helium gas is generally used as the soft X-ray transmission window for soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) under atmospheric conditions. However, the helium gas window cannot be applied to XAS in the low-energy region since transmitted soft X-rays mostly consist of high-order X-rays due to the low transmission of first-order X-rays. In this study, the argon gas window is proposed as a new soft X-ray transmission window in the low-energy region. High-order X-rays are removed by the absorption of the Ar L-edge (240 eV), and first-order X-rays become the major contribution of transmitted soft X-rays in the low-energy region. Under atmospheric argon conditions, the double-excitation Rydberg series of helium gas (60 eV), Si L-edge XAS of an Si3N4 membrane (100 eV) and S L-edge XAS of dimethyl sulfoxide gas (170 eV) are successfully measured, indicating that the argon gas window is effective for soft X-ray transmission in the low-energy region from 60 eV to 240 eV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanari Nagasaka
- Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
- SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
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54
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Zhang Y, Song L. Structural Designs and
in‐situ
X‐ray Characterizations of Metal Phosphides for Electrocatalysis. ChemCatChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202000233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Youkui Zhang
- School of National Defense Science and Technology State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy MaterialsSouthwest University of Science and Technology Mianyang Sichuan 621010 P. R. China
| | - Li Song
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory CAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230029 P. R. China
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55
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Abstract
We review oxygen K-edge X-ray absorption spectra of both molecules and solids. We start with an overview of the main experimental aspects of oxygen K-edge X-ray absorption measurements including X-ray sources, monochromators, and detection schemes. Many recent oxygen K-edge studies combine X-ray absorption with time and spatially resolved measurements and/or operando conditions. The main theoretical and conceptual approximations for the simulation of oxygen K-edges are discussed in the Theory section. We subsequently discuss oxygen atoms and ions, binary molecules, water, and larger molecules containing oxygen, including biomolecular systems. The largest part of the review deals with the experimental results for solid oxides, starting from s- and p-electron oxides. Examples of theoretical simulations for these oxides are introduced in order to show how accurate a DFT description can be in the case of s and p electron overlap. We discuss the general analysis of the 3d transition metal oxides including discussions of the crystal field effect and the effects and trends in oxidation state and covalency. In addition to the general concepts, we give a systematic overview of the oxygen K-edges element by element, for the s-, p-, d-, and f-electron systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Frati
- Inorganic
chemistry and catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, 3584CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Frank M. F. de Groot
- Inorganic
chemistry and catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, 3584CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
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56
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Monroe J, Barry M, DeStefano A, Aydogan Gokturk P, Jiao S, Robinson-Brown D, Webber T, Crumlin EJ, Han S, Shell MS. Water Structure and Properties at Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Surfaces. Annu Rev Chem Biomol Eng 2020; 11:523-557. [PMID: 32169001 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-120919-114657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The properties of water on both molecular and macroscopic surfaces critically influence a wide range of physical behaviors, with applications spanning from membrane science to catalysis to protein engineering. Yet, our current understanding of water interfacing molecular and material surfaces is incomplete, in part because measurement of water structure and molecular-scale properties challenges even the most advanced experimental characterization techniques and computational approaches. This review highlights progress in the ongoing development of tools working to answer fundamental questions on the principles that govern the interactions between water and surfaces. One outstanding and critical question is what universal molecular signatures capture the hydrophobicity of different surfaces in an operationally meaningful way, since traditional macroscopic hydrophobicity measures like contact angles fail to capture even basic properties of molecular or extended surfaces with any heterogeneity at the nanometer length scale. Resolving this grand challenge will require close interactions between state-of-the-art experiments, simulations, and theory, spanning research groups and using agreed-upon model systems, to synthesize an integrated knowledge of solvation water structure, dynamics, and thermodynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Monroe
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA;
| | - Mikayla Barry
- Department of Materials, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - Audra DeStefano
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA;
| | - Pinar Aydogan Gokturk
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Sally Jiao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA;
| | - Dennis Robinson-Brown
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA;
| | - Thomas Webber
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA;
| | - Ethan J Crumlin
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.,Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Songi Han
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA; .,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - M Scott Shell
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA;
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57
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Nagasaka M, Yuzawa H, Kosugi N. Soft X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy of Liquids for Understanding Chemical Processes in Solution. ANAL SCI 2020; 36:95-105. [PMID: 31708561 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.19r005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) involving excitation processes of a core electron to unoccupied states is an effective method to study local structures around excited C, N, and O atoms in liquid samples. Since soft X-rays are strongly absorbed by air and liquid itself, we have developed transmission-type liquid flow cells, where the absorbance of liquid samples can be easily reduced and optimized by controlling the liquid thickness. By using the transmission-mode XAS techniques, we have investigated local structures of several liquid samples such as concentration dependence of aqueous pyridine solutions and unexpected temperature-dependent structural changes in liquid benzene from the precise energy shift measurements in XAS spectra with the help of molecular dynamics simulation and inner-shell calculations. These XAS techniques are also applied to in situ/operando observation of chemical processes in solutions such as catalytic and electrochemical reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanari Nagasaka
- Institute for Molecular Science.,SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies)
| | | | - Nobuhiro Kosugi
- Institute for Molecular Science.,SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies)
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58
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Ahmed M, Kostko O. From atoms to aerosols: probing clusters and nanoparticles with synchrotron based mass spectrometry and X-ray spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:2713-2737. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp05802h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Synchrotron radiation provides insight into spectroscopy and dynamics in clusters and nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musahid Ahmed
- Chemical Sciences Division
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
- Berkeley
- USA
| | - Oleg Kostko
- Chemical Sciences Division
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
- Berkeley
- USA
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59
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Milosavljević AR, Jänkälä K, Ranković ML, Canon F, Bozek J, Nicolas C, Giuliani A. Oxygen K-shell spectroscopy of isolated progressively solvated peptide. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:12909-12917. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp00994f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
X-ray spectroscopy of an isolated controllably hydrated peptide: core excitation of the first solvation shell enhances peptide backbone fragmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kari Jänkälä
- Nano and Molecular Systems Research Unit
- University of Oulu
- 90014 Oulu
- Finland
| | | | - Francis Canon
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l’Alimentation
- CNRS
- INRAE
- Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté
- France
| | - John Bozek
- SOLEIL, l’Orme des Merisiers
- 91192 Gif sur Yvette Cedex
- France
| | | | - Alexandre Giuliani
- SOLEIL, l’Orme des Merisiers
- 91192 Gif sur Yvette Cedex
- France
- INRAE
- UAR1008
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60
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Yang F, Liu YS, Feng X, Qian K, Kao LC, Ha Y, Hahn NT, Seguin TJ, Tsige M, Yang W, Zavadil KR, Persson KA, Guo J. Probing calcium solvation by XAS, MD and DFT calculations. RSC Adv 2020; 10:27315-27321. [PMID: 35516916 PMCID: PMC9055519 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra05905f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The solvation shell structures of Ca2+ in aqueous and organic solutions probed by calcium L-edge soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and DFT/MD simulations show the coordination number of Ca2+ to be negatively correlated with the electrolyte concentration and the steric hindrance of the solvent molecule. In this work, the calcium L-edge soft XAS demonstrates its sensitivity to the surrounding chemical environment. Additionally, the total electron yield (TEY) mode is surface sensitive because the electron penetration depth is limited to a few nanometers. Thus this study shows its implications for future battery studies, especially for probing the electrolyte/electrode interface for electrochemical reactions under in situ/operando conditions. The solvation shell structures of Ca2+ in solutions are probed by calcium L-edge soft X-ray XAS and DFT/MD simulations.![]()
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61
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Negahdar L, Parlett CMA, Isaacs MA, Beale AM, Wilson K, Lee AF. Shining light on the solid–liquid interface: in situ/ operando monitoring of surface catalysis. Catal Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cy00555j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Many industrially important chemical transformations occur at the interface between a solid catalyst and liquid reactants. In situ and operando spectroscopies offer unique insight into the reactivity of such catalytically active solid–liquid interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christopher M. A. Parlett
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Analytical Science
- The University of Manchester
- Manchester
- UK
- Diamond Light Source
| | | | | | - Karen Wilson
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC)
- School of Science
- RMIT University
- Melbourne
- Australia
| | - Adam F. Lee
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC)
- School of Science
- RMIT University
- Melbourne
- Australia
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62
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Norell J, Eckert S, Van Kuiken BE, Föhlisch A, Odelius M. Ab initio simulations of complementary K-edges and solvatization effects for detection of proton transfer in aqueous 2-thiopyridone. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:114117. [PMID: 31542028 DOI: 10.1063/1.5109840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J. Norell
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S. Eckert
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24/25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | | | - A. Föhlisch
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24/25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Institute for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - M. Odelius
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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63
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Nagasaka M, Yuzawa H, Takada N, Aoyama M, Rühl E, Kosugi N. Laminar flow in microfluidics investigated by spatially-resolved soft X-ray absorption and infrared spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:114201. [PMID: 31542036 DOI: 10.1063/1.5115191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The application of soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) to liquid cells based on microfluidics for chemical state analysis of light elements is much more difficult than hard X-ray absorption since soft X-rays cannot deeply penetrate a microfluidic cell. In this study, we have newly developed a microfluidic cell for spatially resolved XAS, where a 100 nm thick Si3N4 membrane is used for the measurement window to transmit soft X-rays for keeping the microfluidic flow at a width and depth of 50 µm. The π* peak of pyridine near the N K-edge XAS shows characteristic energy shifts near the liquid-liquid interface in a laminar flow of pyridine and water. The distributions of the molar fractions of pyridine and water near the liquid-liquid interface have been determined from the energy shifts of the π* peak probed at different geometric positions, where pyridine is mixed in the water part of the laminar flow and vice versa. The spatial distribution of both species has also been studied by infrared microscopy, using the same microfluidic setup. The present work clearly shows that these spectroscopic techniques are easily applicable to chemical and biological reactions prepared by microfluidics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hayato Yuzawa
- Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Noriko Takada
- Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Masaki Aoyama
- Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Eckart Rühl
- Physikalische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nobuhiro Kosugi
- Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
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64
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Fogarty RM, Palgrave RG, Bourne RA, Handrup K, Villar-Garcia IJ, Payne DJ, Hunt PA, Lovelock KRJ. Electron spectroscopy of ionic liquids: experimental identification of atomic orbital contributions to valence electronic structure. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:18893-18910. [PMID: 31441923 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp02200g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The atomic contributions to valence electronic structure for 37 ionic liquids (ILs) are identified using a combination of variable photon energy XPS, resonant Auger electron spectroscopy (RAES) and a subtraction method. The ILs studied include a diverse range of cationic and anionic structural moieties. We introduce a new parameter for ILs, the energy difference between the energies of the cationic and anionic highest occupied fragment orbitals (HOFOs), which we use to identify the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO). The anion gave rise to the HOMO for 25 of the 37 ILs studied here. For 10 of the ILs, the energies of the cationic and anionic HOFOs were the same (within experimental error); therefore, it could not be determined whether the HOMO was from the cation or the anion. For two of the ILs, the HOMO was from the cation and not from the anion; consequently it is energetically more favourable to remove an electron from the cation than the anion for these two ILs. In addition, we used a combination of area normalisation and subtraction of XP spectra to produce what are effectively XP spectra for individual ions; this was achieved for 10 cations and 14 anions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Richard A Bourne
- Institute of Process Research and Development, Schools of Chemistry and Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, UK
| | | | | | - David J Payne
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, UK
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65
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Xto JM, Borca CN, van Bokhoven JA, Huthwelker T. Aerosol-based synthesis of pure and stable amorphous calcium carbonate. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:10725-10728. [PMID: 31429426 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc03749g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A facile aerosol-based method for the synthesis of pure and stable amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) is presented. The method relies on the instantaneous carbonation of calcium hydroxide aerosols with carbon dioxide followed by rapid drying of the freshly formed ACC. The ACC display extended stability against humidity induced crystallization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacinta M Xto
- Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland. and Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Jeroen A van Bokhoven
- Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland. and Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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66
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Bokarev SI, Kühn O. Theoretical X‐ray spectroscopy of transition metal compounds. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/wcms.1433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Oliver Kühn
- Institut für Physik Universität Rostock Rostock Germany
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67
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Ren J, Achilleos DS, Golnak R, Yuzawa H, Xiao J, Nagasaka M, Reisner E, Petit T. Uncovering the Charge Transfer between Carbon Dots and Water by In Situ Soft X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:3843-3848. [PMID: 31246468 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b01800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) exhibit outstanding physicochemical properties that render them excellent materials for various applications, often occurring in an aqueous environment, such as light harvesting and fluorescence bioimaging. Here we characterize the electronic structures of CDs and water molecules in aqueous dispersions using in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Three types of CDs with different core structures (amorphous vs graphitic) and compositions (undoped vs nitrogen-doped) were investigated. Depending on the CD core structure, different ionic currents generated upon X-ray irradiation of the CD dispersions at the carbon K-edge were detected, which are interpreted in terms of different charge transfer to the surrounding solvent molecules. The hydrogen bonding networks of water molecules upon interaction with the different CDs were also probed at the oxygen K-edge. Both core graphitization and nitrogen doping were found to endow the CDs with enhanced electron transfer and hydrogen bonding capabilities with the surrounding water molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Ren
- Institute for Nanospectroscopy , Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH (HZB) , Albert-Einstein-Straße 15 , 12489 Berlin , Germany
- Department of Physics , Freie Universität Berlin , Arnimallee 14 , 14195 Berlin , Germany
| | - Demetra S Achilleos
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Sustainable SynGas Chemistry, Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge CB2 1EW , United Kingdom
| | - Ronny Golnak
- Department of Highly Sensitive X-ray Spectroscopy , Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH (HZB) , Albert-Einstein-Straße 15 , 12489 Berlin , Germany
| | - Hayato Yuzawa
- Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji , Okazaki 444-8585 , Japan
| | - Jie Xiao
- Department of Highly Sensitive X-ray Spectroscopy , Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH (HZB) , Albert-Einstein-Straße 15 , 12489 Berlin , Germany
| | - Masanari Nagasaka
- Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji , Okazaki 444-8585 , Japan
| | - Erwin Reisner
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Sustainable SynGas Chemistry, Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge CB2 1EW , United Kingdom
| | - Tristan Petit
- Institute for Nanospectroscopy , Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH (HZB) , Albert-Einstein-Straße 15 , 12489 Berlin , Germany
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68
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Sthoer A, Hladílková J, Lund M, Tyrode E. Molecular insight into carboxylic acid-alkali metal cations interactions: reversed affinities and ion-pair formation revealed by non-linear optics and simulations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:11329-11344. [PMID: 31107479 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp00398c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Specific interactions between the carboxylic acid moiety and the monovalent salts CsCl, NaCl, and LiCl, have been investigated in Langmuir monolayers using vibrational sum frequency spectroscopy (VSFS) and complemented with coarse grained and all-atom molecular dynamics simulations. By exploiting VSFS's intrinsic surface specificity, an emphasis was made on targeting headgroup vibrations of both its charged and uncharged forms as well as water molecules in the interfacial layer. The degree of deprotonation of the monolayer as a function of cation concentration and pH was experimentally determined and theoretically rationalized. Starting from 100 mM, the surface charge was overestimated by the Gouy-Chapman model and varied depending on the identity of the cation, highlighting the appearance of ion specific effects. Agreement could be found using a modified Poisson-Boltzmann model that takes into account steric effects, with a fitted effective ion-size compatible with the hydrated ion diameters. The relative affinity of the cations to the carboxylic acid moiety was pH dependent: at pH 4.5 they arranged in the order Cs+ > Na+ > Li+, but fully reversed (Li+ > Na+ > Cs+) at pH 9. Simulations yielded microscopic insight into the origin of this behavior, with the cations showing contrasting interaction preferences for either the uncharged carboxylic acid or the charged carboxylate. Sum frequency spectra also provided evidence that all cations remained hydrated when interacting with the charged headgroup, forming solvent-separated or solvent-shared ion pairs. However, for the specific case of 1 M Li+ at pH 9, contact ion pairs were formed. Finally, the remarkable effect of trace metal multivalent cations in the interpretation of experiments is briefly discussed. The results provide exciting new insights into the complex interactions of alkali metal cations with the biophysically relevant carboxylic acid moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Sthoer
- Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Jana Hladílková
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry, Lund University, P.O.B. 124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Mikael Lund
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry, Lund University, P.O.B. 124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Eric Tyrode
- Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden.
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69
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Yang F, Liu P, Hao T, Wu Y, Ma S, Hu Y, Wang S, Guo Z. Fast-Scan Anodic Stripping Voltammetry for Detection of Pb(II) at Picomolar Level. RUSS J ELECTROCHEM+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1023193519020162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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70
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Michelitsch GS, Reuter K. Efficient simulation of near-edge x-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) in density-functional theory: Comparison of core-level constraining approaches. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:074104. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5083618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Georg S. Michelitsch
- Chair for Theoretical Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Karsten Reuter
- Chair for Theoretical Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, D-85748 Garching, Germany
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71
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Kleine C, Ekimova M, Goldsztejn G, Raabe S, Strüber C, Ludwig J, Yarlagadda S, Eisebitt S, Vrakking MJJ, Elsaesser T, Nibbering ETJ, Rouzée A. Soft X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy of Aqueous Solutions Using a Table-Top Femtosecond Soft X-ray Source. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:52-58. [PMID: 30547598 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b03420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the feasibility of soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy in the water window using a table-top laser-based approach with organic molecules and inorganic salts in aqueous solution. A high-order harmonic source delivers femtosecond pulses of short wavelength radiation in the photon energy range from 220 to 450 eV. We report static soft X-ray absorption measurements in transmission on the solvated compounds O=C(NH2)2, CaCl2, and NaNO3 using flatjet technology. We monitor the absorption of the molecular samples between the carbon (∼280 eV) and nitrogen (∼400 eV) K-edges and compare our results with previous measurements performed at the BESSYII facility. We discuss the roles of pulse stability and photon flux in the outcome of our experiments. Our work paves the way toward table-top femtosecond, solution-phase soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy in the water window.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Kleine
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie , Max-Born-Strasse 2a , 12489 Berlin , Germany
| | - Maria Ekimova
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie , Max-Born-Strasse 2a , 12489 Berlin , Germany
| | - Gildas Goldsztejn
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie , Max-Born-Strasse 2a , 12489 Berlin , Germany
| | - Sebastian Raabe
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie , Max-Born-Strasse 2a , 12489 Berlin , Germany
| | - Christian Strüber
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie , Max-Born-Strasse 2a , 12489 Berlin , Germany
| | - Jan Ludwig
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie , Max-Born-Strasse 2a , 12489 Berlin , Germany
| | - Suresh Yarlagadda
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie , Max-Born-Strasse 2a , 12489 Berlin , Germany
| | - Stefan Eisebitt
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie , Max-Born-Strasse 2a , 12489 Berlin , Germany
| | - Marc J J Vrakking
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie , Max-Born-Strasse 2a , 12489 Berlin , Germany
| | - Thomas Elsaesser
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie , Max-Born-Strasse 2a , 12489 Berlin , Germany
| | - Erik T J Nibbering
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie , Max-Born-Strasse 2a , 12489 Berlin , Germany
| | - Arnaud Rouzée
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie , Max-Born-Strasse 2a , 12489 Berlin , Germany
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72
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Xto J, Wetter R, Borca CN, Frieh C, van Bokhoven JA, Huthwelker T. Droplet-based in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy cell for studying crystallization processes at the tender X-ray energy range. RSC Adv 2019; 9:34004-34010. [PMID: 35528920 PMCID: PMC9073857 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra06084g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The understanding of nucleation and crystallization is fundamental in science and technology. In solution, these processes are complex involving multiple transformations from ions and ion pairs through amorphous intermediates to multiple crystalline phases. X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), which is sensitive to liquid, amorphous and crystalline phases offers prospects of demystifying these processes. However, for low Z elements the use of in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy requires the tender X-ray range, which is often limited by vacuum requirements thereby complicating these measurements. To overcome these challenges, we developed a versatile and user-friendly droplet-based in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy cell for studying crystallization processes. Time-resolved in situ experiments under ambient conditions are carried out in the cell whilst the cell is mounted in the vacuum chamber of a tender X-ray beamline. By following changes in the Ca K-edge X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), we captured in situ the intermediate phases involved during calcium carbonate crystallization from aqueous solutions. In addition, through linear combination fitting it was possible to qualitatively observe the evolution of each phase during the reaction demonstrating the potential of the cell in studying complex multiphase chemical processes. We introduce a new in situ cell for time-resolved reactions involving aerosols/droplets using tender X-ray absorption spectroscopy and related methods.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacinta Xto
- Paul Scherrer Institut
- 5232 Villigen
- Switzerland
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering
- ETH Zürich
| | - Reto Wetter
- Paul Scherrer Institut
- 5232 Villigen
- Switzerland
| | | | | | - Jeroen A. van Bokhoven
- Paul Scherrer Institut
- 5232 Villigen
- Switzerland
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering
- ETH Zürich
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73
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Chang SY, Kathyola TA, Willneff EA, Willis CJ, Wilson P, Dowding PJ, Cibin G, Kroner AB, Shotton EJ, Schroeder SLM. A versatile liquid-jet/sessile droplet system for operando studies of reactions in liquid dispersions and solutions by X-ray absorption spectroscopy. REACT CHEM ENG 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8re00207j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
X-ray absorption spectroscopy for operando studies of liquid dispersions and solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S.-Y. Chang
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering
- University of Leeds
- Leeds
- UK
- Diamond Light Source
| | - T. A. Kathyola
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering
- University of Leeds
- Leeds
- UK
| | | | | | | | - P. J. Dowding
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering
- University of Leeds
- Leeds
- UK
- Infineum UK Ltd
| | | | | | | | - S. L. M. Schroeder
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering
- University of Leeds
- Leeds
- UK
- Diamond Light Source
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74
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Fransson T, Dreuw A. Simulating X-ray Emission Spectroscopy with Algebraic Diagrammatic Construction Schemes for the Polarization Propagator. J Chem Theory Comput 2018; 15:546-556. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.8b01046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Fransson
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, Ruprecht−Karls University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 205, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, Stockholm SE-106 91, Sweden
| | - Andreas Dreuw
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, Ruprecht−Karls University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 205, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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75
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Sun Z, Zheng L, Chen M, Klein ML, Paesani F, Wu X. Electron-Hole Theory of the Effect of Quantum Nuclei on the X-Ray Absorption Spectra of Liquid Water. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:137401. [PMID: 30312094 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.137401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Electron-hole excitation theory is used to unveil the role of nuclear quantum effects on the x-ray absorption spectral signatures of water, whose structure is computed via path-integral molecular dynamics with the MB-pol intermolecular potential model. Compared to spectra generated from the classically modeled water, quantum nuclei introduce important effects on the spectra in terms of both the energies and line shapes. Fluctuations due to delocalized protons influence the short-range ordering of the hydrogen bond network via changes in the intramolecular covalence, which broaden the preedge spectra. For intermediate-range and long-range ordering, quantum nuclei approach the neighboring oxygen atoms more closely than classical protons, promoting an "icelike" spectral feature with the intensities shifted from the main edge to the postedge. Computed spectra are in nearly quantitative agreement with the available experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoru Sun
- Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
| | - Lixin Zheng
- Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
| | - Mohan Chen
- Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
| | - Michael L Klein
- Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
- Institute for Computational Molecular Science, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
| | - Francesco Paesani
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Materials Science and Engineering, San Diego Supercomputer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Xifan Wu
- Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
- Institute for Computational Molecular Science, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
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76
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Miteva T, Kryzhevoi NV, Sisourat N, Nicolas C, Pokapanich W, Saisopa T, Songsiriritthigul P, Rattanachai Y, Dreuw A, Wenzel J, Palaudoux J, Öhrwall G, Püttner R, Cederbaum LS, Rueff JP, Céolin D. The All-Seeing Eye of Resonant Auger Electron Spectroscopy: A Study on Aqueous Solution Using Tender X-rays. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:4457-4462. [PMID: 30020787 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b01783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
X-ray absorption and Auger electron spectroscopies are demonstrated to be powerful tools to unravel the electronic structure of solvated ions. In this work for the first time, we use a combination of these methods in the tender X-ray regime. This allowed us to address electronic transitions from deep core levels, to probe environmental effects, specifically in the bulk of the solution since the created energetic Auger electrons possess large mean free paths, and moreover, to obtain dynamical information about the ultrafast delocalization of the core-excited electron. In the considered exemplary aqueous KCl solution, the solvated isoelectronic K+ and Cl- ions exhibit notably different Auger electron spectra as a function of the photon energy. Differences appear due to dipole-forbidden transitions in aqueous K+ whose occurrence, according to the performed ab initio calculations, becomes possible only in the presence of solvent water molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsveta Miteva
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS , Laboratoire de Chimie Physique - Matière et Rayonnement, UMR 7614 , F-75005 Paris , France
| | - Nikolai V Kryzhevoi
- Theoretische Chemie, Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut , Heidelberg University , Im Neuenheimer Feld 229 , D-69120 Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Nicolas Sisourat
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS , Laboratoire de Chimie Physique - Matière et Rayonnement, UMR 7614 , F-75005 Paris , France
| | - Christophe Nicolas
- Synchrotron SOLEIL , l'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, F-91192 Cedex Gif-sur-Yvette , France
| | - Wandared Pokapanich
- Faculty of Science , Nakhon Phanom University , Nakhon Phanom 48000 , Thailand
| | - Thanit Saisopa
- School of Physics , Suranaree University of Technology , Nakhon Ratchasima 30000 , Thailand
| | | | - Yuttakarn Rattanachai
- Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Sciences and Liberal Arts , Rajamangala University of Technology Isan , Nakhon Ratchasima 30000 , Thailand
| | - Andreas Dreuw
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing , Heidelberg University , Im Neuenheimer Feld 205A , D-69120 Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Jan Wenzel
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing , Heidelberg University , Im Neuenheimer Feld 205A , D-69120 Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Jérôme Palaudoux
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS , Laboratoire de Chimie Physique - Matière et Rayonnement, UMR 7614 , F-75005 Paris , France
| | - Gunnar Öhrwall
- MAX IV Laboratory , Lund University , P.O. Box 118, SE-22100 Lund , Sweden
| | - Ralph Püttner
- Fachbereich Physik , Freie Universität Berlin , Arnimallee 14 , D-14195 Berlin , Germany
| | - Lorenz S Cederbaum
- Theoretische Chemie, Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut , Heidelberg University , Im Neuenheimer Feld 229 , D-69120 Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Jean-Pascal Rueff
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS , Laboratoire de Chimie Physique - Matière et Rayonnement, UMR 7614 , F-75005 Paris , France
- Synchrotron SOLEIL , l'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, F-91192 Cedex Gif-sur-Yvette , France
| | - Denis Céolin
- Synchrotron SOLEIL , l'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, F-91192 Cedex Gif-sur-Yvette , France
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77
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Hršak D, Nørby MS, Coriani S, Kongsted J. One-Photon Absorption Properties from a Hybrid Polarizable Density Embedding/Complex Polarization Propagator Approach for Polarizable Solutions. J Chem Theory Comput 2018; 14:2145-2154. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.8b00155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dalibor Hršak
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Morten Steen Nørby
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Sonia Coriani
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet Building 207, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jacob Kongsted
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
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79
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Kost LJ, Mootz HD. A FRET Sensor to Monitor Bivalent SUMO-SIM Interactions in SUMO Chain Binding. Chembiochem 2017; 19:177-184. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201700507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa J. Kost
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy; Institute of Biochemistry; Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster; Wilhelm-Klemm-Strasse 2 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Henning D. Mootz
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy; Institute of Biochemistry; Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster; Wilhelm-Klemm-Strasse 2 48149 Münster Germany
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