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Zhang W, Wang H, Chen Z, Wang P, Liu X, Dong H, Zhao J, Cui Y, Shao Y. High-Performance and Stable Perovskite X-ray Detection and Imaging Based on a Ti Cathode. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2024. [PMID: 38416069 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c18116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
High-energy radiation detectors with a good imaging resolution, fast response, and high sensitivity are desired to operate at a high electric field. However, strong ion migration triggered by electrochemical reactions at the interface between a high-potential electrode and an organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite limits the stability of radiation detectors under a high electric field. Herein, we demonstrate that such ion migration could be effectively suppressed in devices with a Ti cathode, even at a high electric field of 50 V mm-1, through time-of-flight secondary-ion mass spectrometry. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy illustrates that Ti-N bonds formed at the interface of MAPbBr3 perovskite single crystals/Ti electrode effectively inhibit the electrochemical reaction in organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite devices and ultimately improve the operating stability under a high electric field. The device with a Ti electrode reaches a high sensitivity of 96 ± 1 mC Gyair-1 cm-2 and a low detection limit of 2.8 ± 0.3 nGy s-1 under hard X-ray energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqing Zhang
- Laboratory of Thin Film Optics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Key Laboratory of Materials for High Power Laser, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Hu Wang
- Laboratory of Thin Film Optics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Key Laboratory of Materials for High Power Laser, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Zhilong Chen
- Laboratory of Thin Film Optics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hierarchical Nanomaterials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Pengxiang Wang
- Laboratory of Thin Film Optics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Key Laboratory of Materials for High Power Laser, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Laboratory of Thin Film Optics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Key Laboratory of Materials for High Power Laser, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Hao Dong
- Laboratory of Thin Film Optics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
- School of Microelectronics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 201899, China
| | - Jiaoling Zhao
- Laboratory of Thin Film Optics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
- Key Laboratory of Materials for High Power Laser, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Yun Cui
- Laboratory of Thin Film Optics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Key Laboratory of Materials for High Power Laser, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Yuchuan Shao
- Laboratory of Thin Film Optics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Key Laboratory of Materials for High Power Laser, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
- Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
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Chen Z, Wang H, Li F, Zhang W, Shao Y, Yang S. Ultrasensitive and Robust CsPbBr 3 Single-Crystal X-ray Detectors Based on Interface Engineering. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023. [PMID: 37883685 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c11409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Halide lead perovskites have shown great development in recent years for ionizing radiation detection. However, the bias-induced interfacial electrochemical reaction between the perovskite and electrode severely deteriorates detector performance. We report that BCP strongly interacts with Al and constructs a stable Al-BCP chelating interface, resulting in the suppression of a detrimental electrochemical reaction. The fabricated Au/Al/BCP/C60/CsPbBr3/Au detector shows a low dark current of 3 nA with a stable baseline at an extremely high bias of 100 V (∼100 V mm-1). The superior high-bias stability enables a high sensitivity of 7.3 × 104 μC Gyair-1 cm-2 at 100 V. Meanwhile, a low detection limit of 15 nGyair s-1 at 40 V is achieved due to the reduced noise. The outstanding performance of our device exceeds that of most advanced detectors based on CsPbBr3 single crystals. Besides, X-ray imaging with 1 mm spatial resolution is well demonstrated at a low dose rate of 200 nGyair s-1. The interfacial chelating strategy overcomes the technical limitation of bias-induced instability of perovskite radiation detectors and can be anticipated to operate under an extremely high electrical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhilong Chen
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hierarchical Nanomaterials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- Laboratory of Thin Film Optics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
- Key Laboratory of Materials for High Power Laser, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Hu Wang
- Laboratory of Thin Film Optics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Key Laboratory of Materials for High Power Laser, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Fenghua Li
- Laboratory of Thin Film Optics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
- Key Laboratory of Materials for High Power Laser, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Wenqing Zhang
- Laboratory of Thin Film Optics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Key Laboratory of Materials for High Power Laser, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Yuchuan Shao
- Laboratory of Thin Film Optics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Key Laboratory of Materials for High Power Laser, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
- Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Shuang Yang
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hierarchical Nanomaterials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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Sato D, Shima H, Matsuo T, Yonezawa M, Kinoshita K, Kobayashi M, Naitoh Y, Akinaga H, Miyamoto S, Nokami T, Itoh T. Characterization of Information-Transmitting Materials Produced in Ionic Liquid-based Neuromorphic Electrochemical Devices for Physical Reservoir Computing. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:49712-49726. [PMID: 37815984 PMCID: PMC10614198 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c08638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
Device implementation of reservoir computing, which is expected to enable high-performance data processing in simple neural networks at a low computational cost, is an important technology to accelerate the use of artificial intelligence in the real-world edge computing domain. Here, we propose an ionic liquid-based physical reservoir device (IL-PRD), in which copper cations dissolved in an IL induce diverse electrochemical current responses. The origin of the electrochemical current from the IL-PRD was investigated spectroscopically in detail. After operating the device under various operating conditions, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of the IL-PRD revealed that electrochemical reactions involving Cu, Cu2O, Cu(OH)2, CuSx, and H2O occur at the Pt electrode/IL interface. These products are considered information transmission materials in IL-PRD similar to neurotransmitters in biological neurons. By introducing the Faradaic current components due to the electrochemical reactions of these materials into the output signal of IL-PRD, we succeeded in improving the time-series data processing performance of the nonlinear autoregressive moving average task. In addition, the information processing efficiency in machine learning to classify electrocardiogram signal waveforms was successfully improved by using the output current from IL-PRD. Optimizing the electrochemical reaction products of IL-PRD is expected to advance data processing technology in society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Sato
- Device
Technology Research Institute, National
Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
- Department
of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Katsushika, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan
| | - Hisashi Shima
- Device
Technology Research Institute, National
Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Takuma Matsuo
- Device
Technology Research Institute, National
Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
- Department
of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Katsushika, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan
| | - Masaharu Yonezawa
- Device
Technology Research Institute, National
Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
- Department
of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Katsushika, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan
| | - Kentaro Kinoshita
- Department
of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Katsushika, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan
| | - Masakazu Kobayashi
- Department
of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Katsushika, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan
- New
Value Creation Office, NAGASE & CO.,
LTD., Nihonbashi, Tokyo 103-8355, Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Naitoh
- Device
Technology Research Institute, National
Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Akinaga
- Device
Technology Research Institute, National
Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Miyamoto
- Center
for Research on Green Sustainable Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Tottori University, Koyama, Tottori 680-8552, Japan
| | - Toshiki Nokami
- Center
for Research on Green Sustainable Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Tottori University, Koyama, Tottori 680-8552, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Itoh
- Toyota
Physical and Chemical Research Institute, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1192, Japan
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Kuo KH, Chiu YJ, Hou YC, Lai PT, Chen CY, Tan GH, Lin HW, Wong KT. Tuning Electrochemical Stability of 5,10-Ditolylphenazine-Based Antiaromatic Materials for Unipolar Memristor toward Artificial Synapses Application. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:44033-44042. [PMID: 37694918 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c07486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Three organic conjugated small molecules, DTA-DTPZ, Cz-DTPZ, and DTA-me-DTPZ comprising an antiaromatic 5,10-ditolylphenazine (DTPZ) core and electron-donating peripheral substituents with high HOMOs (-4.2 to -4.7 eV) and multiple reversible oxidative potentials are reported. The corresponding films sandwiched between two electrodes show unipolar and switchable hysteresis current-voltage (I-V) characteristics upon voltage sweeping, revealing the prominent features of nonvolatile memristor behaviors. The numerical simulation of the I-V curves suggests that the carriers generated by the oxidized molecules lead to the increment of conductance. However, the accumulated carriers tend to deteriorate the device endurance. The electroactive sites are fully blocked in the dimethylated molecule DTA-me-DTPZ, preventing the irreversible electrochemical reaction, thereby boosting the endurance of the memristor device over 300 cycles. Despite the considerable improvement in endurance, the decrement of on/off ratio from 105 to 101 after 250 cycles suggests that the excessive charge carriers (radical cations) remains a problem. Thus, a new strategy of doping an electron-deficient material, CN-T2T, into the unipolar active layer was introduced to further improve the device stability. The device containing DTA-me-DTPZ:CNT2T (1:1) blend as the active layer retained the endurance and on/off ratio (∼104) upon sweeping 300 cycles. The molecular designs and doping strategy demonstrate effective approaches toward more stable metal-free organic conjugated small-molecule memristors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Hua Kuo
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei10617 ,Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jhen Chiu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Che Hou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Po-Ting Lai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yueh Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Guang-Hsun Tan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Wu Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Ken-Tsung Wong
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei10617 ,Taiwan
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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Masoumi Z, Tayebi M, Tayebi M, Masoumi Lari SA, Sewwandi N, Seo B, Lim CS, Kim HG, Kyung D. Electrocatalytic Reactions for Converting CO 2 to Value-Added Products: Recent Progress and Emerging Trends. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9952. [PMID: 37373100 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24129952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions are an important environmental issue that causes greenhouse and climate change effects on the earth. Nowadays, CO2 has various conversion methods to be a potential carbon resource, such as photocatalytic, electrocatalytic, and photo-electrocatalytic. CO2 conversion into value-added products has many advantages, including facile control of the reaction rate by adjusting the applied voltage and minimal environmental pollution. The development of efficient electrocatalysts and improving their viability with appropriate reactor designs is essential for the commercialization of this environmentally friendly method. In addition, microbial electrosynthesis which utilizes an electroactive bio-film electrode as a catalyst can be considered as another option to reduce CO2. This review highlights the methods which can contribute to the increase in efficiency of carbon dioxide reduction (CO2R) processes through electrode structure with the introduction of various electrolytes such as ionic liquid, sulfate, and bicarbonate electrolytes, with the control of pH and with the control of the operating pressure and temperature of the electrolyzer. It also presents the research status, a fundamental understanding of carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR) mechanisms, the development of electrochemical CO2R technologies, and challenges and opportunities for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Masoumi
- Department of Civil and Environment Engineering, University of Ulsan, Daehakro 93, Namgu, Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea
| | - Meysam Tayebi
- Center for Specialty Chemicals, Division of Specialty and Bio-Based Chemicals Technology, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Jonggaro 45, Ulsan 44412, Republic of Korea
| | - Mahdi Tayebi
- Department of Energy Engineering and Physics, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran 15875-4413, Iran
| | - S Ahmad Masoumi Lari
- Department of Biology, York University, Farquharson Life Sciences Building, Ottawa Rd, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Nethmi Sewwandi
- Department of Civil and Environment Engineering, University of Ulsan, Daehakro 93, Namgu, Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea
| | - Bongkuk Seo
- Center for Specialty Chemicals, Division of Specialty and Bio-Based Chemicals Technology, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Jonggaro 45, Ulsan 44412, Republic of Korea
| | - Choong-Sun Lim
- Center for Specialty Chemicals, Division of Specialty and Bio-Based Chemicals Technology, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Jonggaro 45, Ulsan 44412, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Gook Kim
- Center for Specialty Chemicals, Division of Specialty and Bio-Based Chemicals Technology, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Jonggaro 45, Ulsan 44412, Republic of Korea
| | - Daeseung Kyung
- Department of Civil and Environment Engineering, University of Ulsan, Daehakro 93, Namgu, Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea
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Han Z, Komori R, Suzuki R, Omata N, Matsuda T, Hishida S, Shuuhei T, Chen LC. Bipolar Electrospray from Electrodeless Emitters for ESI without Electrochemical Reactions in the Sprayer. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2023; 34:728-736. [PMID: 36815710 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.2c00382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A bipolar ESI source is developed to generate a simultaneous emission of charged liquid jets of opposite polarity from an electrodeless sprayer. The sprayer consists of two emitters, and the electrosprays are initiated by applying a high potential difference (HV) across the counter electrodes facing each emitter. The sprayer and the liquid delivery system are made of all insulators without metal components, thus enabling the total elimination of electrochemical reactions taking place at the liquid-electrode interface in the typical electrosprayer. The bipolar electrospray has been implemented using an online configuration that uses a syringe pump for flow rate regulation and an offline configuration that relies on HV for adjusting the flow rate. The voltage-current and flow rate-current relationships of bipolar electrospray were found to be similar to the standard electrospray. The application of bipolar ESI to the mass spectrometry of protein, peptide, and metallocene without electrochemically induced oxidation/reduction is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongbao Han
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Yamanashi, 4-3-11, Takeda, Kofu, Yamanashi 400-8511, Japan
| | - Ryoki Komori
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Yamanashi, 4-3-11, Takeda, Kofu, Yamanashi 400-8511, Japan
| | - Riku Suzuki
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Yamanashi, 4-3-11, Takeda, Kofu, Yamanashi 400-8511, Japan
| | - Nozomu Omata
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Yamanashi, 4-3-11, Takeda, Kofu, Yamanashi 400-8511, Japan
| | - Takeshi Matsuda
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Yamanashi, 4-3-11, Takeda, Kofu, Yamanashi 400-8511, Japan
| | - Shoki Hishida
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Yamanashi, 4-3-11, Takeda, Kofu, Yamanashi 400-8511, Japan
| | - Takiguchi Shuuhei
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Yamanashi, 4-3-11, Takeda, Kofu, Yamanashi 400-8511, Japan
| | - Lee Chuin Chen
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Yamanashi, 4-3-11, Takeda, Kofu, Yamanashi 400-8511, Japan
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Noor Azam AMI, Li NK, Zulkefli NN, Masdar MS, Majlan EH, Baharuddin NA, Mohd Zainoodin A, Mohamad Yunus R, Shamsul NS, Husaini T, Shaffee SNA. Parametric Study and Electrocatalyst of Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (PEM) Electrolysis Performance. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:560. [PMID: 36771861 DOI: 10.3390/polym15030560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
An investigation was conducted to determine the effects of operating parameters for various electrode types on hydrogen gas production through electrolysis, as well as to evaluate the efficiency of the polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) electrolyzer. Deionized (DI) water was fed to a single-cell PEM electrolyzer with an active area of 36 cm2. Parameters such as power supply (50-500 mA/cm2), feed water flow rate (0.5-5 mL/min), water temperature (25-80 °C), and type of anode electrocatalyst (0.5 mg/cm2 PtC [60%], 1.5 mg/cm2 IrRuOx with 1.5 mg/cm2 PtB, 3.0 mg/cm2 IrRuOx, and 3.0 mg/cm2 PtB) were varied. The effects of these parameter changes were then analyzed in terms of the polarization curve, hydrogen flowrate, power consumption, voltaic efficiency, and energy efficiency. The best electrolysis performance was observed at a DI water feed flowrate of 2 mL/min and a cell temperature of 70 °C, using a membrane electrode assembly that has a 3.0 mg/cm2 IrRuOx catalyst at the anode side. This improved performance of the PEM electrolyzer is due to the reduction in activation as well as ohmic losses. Furthermore, the energy consumption was optimal when the current density was about 200 mA/cm2, with voltaic and energy efficiencies of 85% and 67.5%, respectively. This result indicates low electrical energy consumption, which can lower the operating cost and increase the performance of PEM electrolyzers. Therefore, the optimal operating parameters are crucial to ensure the ideal performance and durability of the PEM electrolyzer as well as lower its operating costs.
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Li D, Lu Y, Zhang C. Superhydrophobic and Electrochemical Performance of CF 2-Modified g-C 3N 4/Graphene Composite Film Deposited by PECVD. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2022; 12:4387. [PMID: 36558242 PMCID: PMC9782866 DOI: 10.3390/nano12244387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The physicochemical properties of functional graphene are regulated by compositing with other nano-carbon materials or modifying functional groups on the surface through plasma processes. The functional graphene films with g-C3N4 and F-doped groups were produced by controlling the deposition steps and plasma gases via radio frequency plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (RF-PECVD). The first principles calculation and electrochemistry characteristic of the functional graphene films were performed on Materials Studio software and an electrochemical workstation, respectively. It is found that the nanostructures of functional graphene films with g-C3N4 and F-doped groups were significantly transformed. The introduction of fluorine atoms led to severe deformation of the g-C3N4 nanostructure, which created gaps in the electrostatic potential of the graphene surface and provided channels for electron transport. The surface of the roving fabric substrate covered by pure graphene is hydrophilic with a static contact angle of 79.4°, but the surface is transformed to a hydrophobic state for the g-C3N4/graphene film with an increased static contact angle of 131.3° which is further improved to 156.2° for CF2-modified g-C3N4/graphene film exhibiting the stable superhydrophobic property. The resistance of the electron movement of CF2-modified g-C3N4/graphene film was reduced by 2% and 76.7%, respectively, compared with graphene and g-C3N4/graphene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayu Li
- Correspondence: (D.L.); (C.Z.)
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9
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Zhang P, Li X, Zheng Y, Fu L. Changes in and Recognition of Electrochemical Fingerprints of Acer spp. in Different Seasons. Biosensors (Basel) 2022; 12:1114. [PMID: 36551081 PMCID: PMC9775163 DOI: 10.3390/bios12121114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Electroanalytical chemistry is a metrological analysis technique that provides information feedback by measuring the voltammetric signal that changes when a molecule is involved in an electrochemical reaction. There is variability in the type and content of electrochemically active substances among different plants, and the signal differences presented by such differences in electrochemical reactions can be used for plant identification and physiological monitoring. This work used electroanalytical chemistry to monitor the growth of three Acer spp. This work explores the feasibility of the electrochemical analysis technique for the physiological monitoring of highly differentiated plants within the genus and further validates the technique. Changes in the electrochemical fingerprints of A. cinnamomifolium, A. sinopurpurascens and A. palmatum 'Matsumurae' were recorded during the one-year developmental cycle. The results show that the differences in the electrochemical fingerprint profiles of Acer spp. can be used to distinguish different species and identify the growth status in each season. This work also concludes with an identification flowchart based on electrochemical fingerprinting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengchong Zhang
- Hangzhou Botanical Garden (Hangzhou West Lake Research Institute of Garden Science), Hangzhou 310013, China
| | - Xiaolong Li
- College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Yuhong Zheng
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden, Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Li Fu
- College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
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10
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Li FM, Huang L, Zaman S, Guo W, Liu H, Guo X, Xia BY. Corrosion Chemistry of Electrocatalysts. Adv Mater 2022; 34:e2200840. [PMID: 35334145 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202200840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Electrocatalysts are the core components of many sustainable energy conversion technologies that are considered the most potential solution to the worldwide energy and environmental crises. The reliability of structure and composition pledges that electrocatalysts can achieve predictable and stable performance. However, during the electrochemical reaction, electrocatalysts are influenced directly by the applied potential, the electrolyte, and the adsorption/desorption of reactive species, triggering structural and compositional corrosion, which directly affects the catalytic behaviors of electrocatalysts (performance degradation or enhancement) and invalidates the established structure-activity relationship. Therefore, it is necessary to elucidate the corrosion behavior and mechanism of electrocatalysts to formulate targeted corrosion-resistant strategies or use corrosion reconstruction synthesis techniques to guide the preparation of efficient and stable electrocatalysts. Herein, the most recent developments in electrocatalyst corrosion chemistry are outlined, including corrosion mechanisms, mitigation strategies, and corrosion syntheses/reconstructions based on typical materials and important electrocatalytic reactions. Finally, potential opportunities and challenges are also proposed to foresee the possible development in this field. It is believed that this contribution will raise more awareness regarding nanomaterial corrosion chemistry in energy technologies and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Min Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Lei Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Shahid Zaman
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Wei Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Hongfang Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xingpeng Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Bao Yu Xia
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, China
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11
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Zhan Z, Song H, Yang X, Jiang P, Chen R, Harandi HB, Zhang H, Pan M. Microstructure Reconstruction and Multiphysics Dynamic Distribution Simulation of the Catalyst Layer in PEMFC. Membranes (Basel) 2022; 12:membranes12101001. [PMID: 36295760 PMCID: PMC9609320 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12101001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Due to the complexity of both material composition and the structure of the catalyst layer (CL) used in the proton-exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), conjugated heat and mass transfer as well as electrochemical processes simultaneously occur through the CL. In this study, a microstructure model of CL was first reconstructed using images acquired by Nano-computed tomography (Nano-CT) of a real sample of CL. Then, the multiphysics dynamic distribution (MPDD) simulation, which is inherently a multiscale approach made of a combination of pore-scale and homogeneous models, was conducted on the reconstructed microstructure model to compute the corresponded heat and mass transport, electrochemical reactions, and water phase-change processes. Considering a computational domain with the size of 4 um and cube shape, this model consisting of mass and heat transport as well as electrochemical reactions reached a stable solution within 3 s as the convergence time. In the presence of sufficient oxygen, proton conduction was identified as the dominant factor determining the strength of the electrochemical reaction. Additionally, it was concluded that current density, temperature, and the distribution of water all exhibit similar distribution trends, which decrease from the interface between CL and the proton-exchange membrane to the interface between CL and the gas-diffusion layer. The present study not only provides an in-depth understanding of the mass and heat transport and electrochemical reaction in the CL microstructure, but it also guides the optimal design and fabrication of CL components and structures, such as improving the local structure to reduce the number of dead pores and large agglomerates, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
- Foshan Xianhu Laboratory of the Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Xianhu Hydrogen Valley, Foshan 528200, China
- School of Automotive Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hao Song
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiaoxiang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Panxing Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
- Foshan Xianhu Laboratory of the Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Xianhu Hydrogen Valley, Foshan 528200, China
- School of Automotive Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Rui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
- Foshan Xianhu Laboratory of the Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Xianhu Hydrogen Valley, Foshan 528200, China
- School of Automotive Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hesam Bazargan Harandi
- State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Heng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
- Foshan Xianhu Laboratory of the Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Xianhu Hydrogen Valley, Foshan 528200, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Mu Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
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12
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Matsuo T, Sato D, Koh SG, Shima H, Naitoh Y, Akinaga H, Itoh T, Nokami T, Kobayashi M, Kinoshita K. Dynamic Nonlinear Behavior of Ionic Liquid-Based Reservoir Computing Devices. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:36890-36901. [PMID: 35880990 PMCID: PMC9389526 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c04167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a physical reservoir device that uses faradaic currents generated by redox reactions of metal ions in ionic liquids was developed. Synthetic time-series data consisting of randomly arranged binary number sequences ("1" and "0") were applied as isosceles-triangular voltage pulses with positive and negative voltage heights, respectively, and the effects of the faradaic current on short-term memory and parity-check task accuracies were verified. The current signal for the first half of the triangular voltage-pulse period, which contained a much higher faradaic current component compared to that of the second half of the triangular voltage-pulse period, enabled higher short-term memory task accuracy. Furthermore, when parity-check tasks were performed using a faradaic current generated by asymmetric triangular voltage-pulse levels of 1 and 0, the parity-check task accuracy was approximately eight times higher than that of the symmetric triangular voltage pulse in terms of the correlation coefficient between the output signal and target data. These results demonstrate the advantage of the faradaic current on both the short-term memory characteristics and nonlinear conversion capabilities and are expected to provide guidance for designing and controlling various physical reservoir devices that utilize electrochemical reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuma Matsuo
- Department
of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Katsushika, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan
- Device
Technology Research Institute, National
Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Dan Sato
- Department
of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Katsushika, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan
- Device
Technology Research Institute, National
Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Sang-Gyu Koh
- Department
of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Katsushika, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan
- Device
Technology Research Institute, National
Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Hisashi Shima
- Device
Technology Research Institute, National
Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Naitoh
- Device
Technology Research Institute, National
Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Akinaga
- Device
Technology Research Institute, National
Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Itoh
- Toyota
Physical and Chemical Research Institute, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1192, Japan
| | - Toshiki Nokami
- Center
for Research on Green Sustainable Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Tottori University, Koyama, Tottori 680-8552, Japan
| | - Masakazu Kobayashi
- New
Value Creation Office, NAGASE & CO.,
LTD., Nihonbashi, Tokyo 103-8355, Japan
| | - Kentaro Kinoshita
- Department
of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Katsushika, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan
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13
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Tarutani N, Uesugi R, Uemura K, Katagiri K, Inumaru K, Takeoka Y. Understanding the Electrophoretic Deposition Accompanied by Electrochemical Reactions Toward Structurally Colored Bilayer Films. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:23653-23659. [PMID: 35475601 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c04635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Safe, low-cost structurally colored materials are alternative colorants to toxic inorganic pigments and organic dyes. Colloidal amorphous arrays are promising structurally colored materials because of their angle-independent colors. In this study, we focused on precise tuning of the chromaticity by preparing bilayer colloidal amorphous arrays through electrophoretic deposition (EPD). Systematic investigations with various EPD conditions clarified the contributions of each condition to the EPD process and the competing electrochemical reactions, which enabled us to prepare well-colored coatings. EPD films composed of colloidal amorphous array bilayers were successfully synthesized with controlled film thickness. Chromaticity of the films was found to be precisely controlled by the EPD duration. We believe that this understanding of the EPD process and its application to synthesis of structurally colored bilayer films will bring structurally colored materials closer to practical industrial use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Tarutani
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Ryo Uesugi
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Kensuke Uemura
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Kiyofumi Katagiri
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Kei Inumaru
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Yukikazu Takeoka
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
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14
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Kalinina E, Pikalova E. Opportunities, Challenges and Prospects for Electrodeposition of Thin-Film Functional Layers in Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Technology. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:ma14195584. [PMID: 34639981 PMCID: PMC8509600 DOI: 10.3390/ma14195584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Electrolytic deposition (ELD) and electrophoretic deposition (EPD) are relevant methods for creating functional layers of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). This review discusses challenges, new findings and prospects for the implementation of these methods, with the main emphasis placed on the use of the ELD method. Topical issues concerning the formation of highly active SOFC electrodes using ELD, namely, the electrochemical introduction of metal cations into a porous electrode backbone, the formation of composite electrodes, and the electrochemical synthesis of perovskite-like electrode materials are considered. The review presents examples of the ELD formation of the composite electrodes based on porous platinum and silver, which retain high catalytic activity when used in the low-temperature range (400–650 °C). The features of the ELD/EPD co-deposition in the creation of nanostructured electrode layers comprising metal cations, ceramic nanoparticles, and carbon nanotubes, and the use of EPD to create oriented structures are also discussed. A separate subsection is devoted to the electrodeposition of CeO2-based film structures for barrier, protective and catalytic layers using cathodic and anodic ELD, as well as to the main research directions associated with the deposition of the SOFC electrolyte layers using the EPD method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Kalinina
- Laboratory of Complex Electrophysic Investigations, Institute of Electrophysics, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 620016 Yekaterinburg, Russia
- Department of Physical and Inorganic Chemistry, Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia
- Correspondence: (E.K.); (E.P.); Tel.: +7-343-267-8782 (E.K.); +7-343-362-3194 (E.P.)
| | - Elena Pikalova
- Laboratory of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells, Institute of High Temperature Electrochemistry, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 620137 Yekaterinburg, Russia
- Department of Environmental Economics, Graduate School of Economics and Management, Ural Federal University, 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia
- Correspondence: (E.K.); (E.P.); Tel.: +7-343-267-8782 (E.K.); +7-343-362-3194 (E.P.)
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15
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Yao H, Hu W, Zhang W. Difunctionalization of Alkenes and Alkynes via Intermolecular Radical and Nucleophilic Additions. Molecules 2020; 26:E105. [PMID: 33379397 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26010105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Popular and readily available alkenes and alkynes are good substrates for the preparation of functionalized molecules through radical and/or ionic addition reactions. Difunctionalization is a topic of current interest due to its high efficiency, substrate versatility, and operational simplicity. Presented in this article are radical addition followed by oxidation and nucleophilic addition reactions for difunctionalization of alkenes or alkynes. The difunctionalization could be accomplished through 1,2-addition (vicinal) and 1,n-addition (distal or remote) if H-atom or group-transfer is involved in the reaction process. A wide range of moieties, such as alkyl (R), perfluoroalkyl (Rf), aryl (Ar), hydroxy (OH), alkoxy (OR), acetatic (O2CR), halogenic (X), amino (NR2), azido (N3), cyano (CN), as well as sulfur- and phosphorous-containing groups can be incorporated through the difunctionalization reactions. Radicals generated from peroxides or single electron transfer (SET) agents, under photoredox or electrochemical reactions are employed for the reactions.
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16
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Rho KH, Na Y, Ha T, Kim DK. Performance Analysis of Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Water Electrolyzer Using OpenFOAM ®: Two-Phase Flow Regime, Electrochemical Model. Membranes (Basel) 2020; 10:E441. [PMID: 33353142 DOI: 10.3390/membranes10120441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In this study, an electrochemical model was incorporated into a two-phase model using OpenFOAM® (London, United Kingdom) to analyze the two-phase flow and electrochemical behaviors in a polymer electrolyte membrane water electrolyzer. The performances of serpentine and parallel designs are compared. The current density and overpotential distribution are analyzed, and the volume fractions of oxygen and hydrogen velocity are studied to verify their influence on the current density. The current density decreases sharply when oxygen accumulates in the porous transport layer. Therefore, the current density increased sharply by 3000 A/m2 at an operating current density of 10,000 A/m2. Maldistribution of the overpotential is also observed. Second, we analyze the behaviors according to the current density. At a low current density, most of the oxygen flows out of the electrolyzer. Therefore, the decrease in performance is low. However, the current density is maldistributed when it is high, which results in decreased performance. The current density increases abruptly by 12,000 A/m2. Finally, the performances of the parallel and serpentine channels are analyzed. At a high current density, the performance of the serpentine channel is higher than that of the parallel channel by 0.016 V.
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17
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Liu Q, Tang Y, Sun H, Yang T, Sun Y, Du C, Jia P, Ye H, Chen J, Peng Q, Shen T, Zhang L, Huang J. In Situ Electrochemical Study of Na-O 2/CO 2 Batteries in an Environmental Transmission Electron Microscope. ACS Nano 2020; 14:13232-13245. [PMID: 32902955 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c04938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Metal-air batteries are potential candidates for post-lithium energy storage devices due to their high theoretical energy densities. However, our understanding of the electrochemistry of metal-air batteries is still in its infancy. Herein we report in situ studies of Na-O2/CO2 (O2 and CO2 mixture) and Na-O2 batteries with either carbon nanotubes (CNTs) or Ag nanowires as the air cathode medium in an advanced aberration corrected environmental transmission electron microscope. In the Na-O2/CO2-CNT nanobattery, the discharge reactions occurred in two steps: (1) 2Na+ + 2e- + O2 → Na2O2; (2) Na2O2+ CO2 → Na2CO3 + O2; concurrently a parasitic Na plating reaction took place. The charge reaction proceeded via (3) 2Na2CO3 + C → 4Na+ + 3CO2 + 4e-. In the Na-O2/CO2-Ag nanobattery, the discharge reactions were essentially the same as those for the Na-O2/CO2-CNT nanobattery; however, the charge reaction in the former was very sluggish, suggesting that direct decomposition of Na2CO3 is difficult. In the Na-O2 battery, the discharge reaction occurred via reaction 1, but the reverse reaction was very difficult, indicating the sluggish decomposition of Na2O2. Overall the Na-O2/CO2-CNT nanobattery exhibited much better cyclability and performance than the Na-O2/CO2-Ag and the Na-O2-CNT nanobatteries, underscoring the importance of carbon and CO2 in facilitating the Na-O2 nanobatteries. Our study provides important understanding of the electrochemistry of the Na-O2/CO2 and Na-O2 nanobatteries, which may aid the development of high performance Na-O2/CO2 and Na-O2 batteries for energy storage applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiunan Liu
- Clean Nano Energy Center, State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, P. R. China
| | - Yongfu Tang
- Clean Nano Energy Center, State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, P. R. China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, P. R. China
| | - Haiming Sun
- Clean Nano Energy Center, State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, P. R. China
| | - Tingting Yang
- Clean Nano Energy Center, State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, P. R. China
| | - Yong Sun
- Clean Nano Energy Center, State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, P. R. China
| | - Congcong Du
- Clean Nano Energy Center, State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, P. R. China
| | - Peng Jia
- Clean Nano Energy Center, State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, P. R. China
| | - Hongjun Ye
- Clean Nano Energy Center, State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, P. R. China
| | - Jingzhao Chen
- Clean Nano Energy Center, State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, P. R. China
| | - Qiuming Peng
- Clean Nano Energy Center, State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, P. R. China
| | - Tongde Shen
- Clean Nano Energy Center, State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, P. R. China
| | - Liqiang Zhang
- Clean Nano Energy Center, State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, P. R. China
| | - Jianyu Huang
- Clean Nano Energy Center, State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, P. R. China
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18
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Abstract
Soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) involving excitation processes of a core electron to unoccupied states is an effective method to study local structures around excited C, N, and O atoms in liquid samples. Since soft X-rays are strongly absorbed by air and liquid itself, we have developed transmission-type liquid flow cells, where the absorbance of liquid samples can be easily reduced and optimized by controlling the liquid thickness. By using the transmission-mode XAS techniques, we have investigated local structures of several liquid samples such as concentration dependence of aqueous pyridine solutions and unexpected temperature-dependent structural changes in liquid benzene from the precise energy shift measurements in XAS spectra with the help of molecular dynamics simulation and inner-shell calculations. These XAS techniques are also applied to in situ/operando observation of chemical processes in solutions such as catalytic and electrochemical reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanari Nagasaka
- Institute for Molecular Science.,SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies)
| | | | - Nobuhiro Kosugi
- Institute for Molecular Science.,SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies)
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19
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Zeng J, Xu Y, Yu J, Zhang X, Zhang X, Jin H, Jin Q, Shen W, Zou J, Deng S, Jian J. Compact Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia Based Total NO x Sensor with a Dual Functional Co 3O 4/NiO Sensing Electrode. ACS Sens 2019; 4:2150-2155. [PMID: 31296006 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.9b00981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) based potentiometric gas sensors have been widely utilized for detecting NOx (NO and NO2). Nevertheless, it is still remains challenging issue for YSZ-based sensors to sense total NOx due to the opposite response signals to NO and NO2. Herein, we report an efficient strategy to sense total NOx at high temperature (above 300 °C) by designing a dual functional sensing electrode (SE); namely, the SE will simultaneously convert NO (in NOx mixture) to NO2 and electrocatalyze all of the obtained NO2 to generate the response signal of total NOx. In comparison with those previously reported total NOx sensors, the proposed total NOx sensor will be featured with a simplified sensor configuration and desirable long-term stability. To confirm the practicability of the proposed strategy, the NO conversion rate of several metal oxides and their composites have been measured and it turns out that the Co3O4/NiO shows relatively high NO conversion rate. Further study indicates a YSZ-based sensor consisting of (Co3O4 + 20 wt % NiO)-SE and Mn-based RE demonstrates satisfactory performance in detecting total NOx. For instance, analogous response magnitude to NO and NO2 as well as the mixture of NO/NO2 (within 35 ppm) is witnessed for the sensor; particularly, the sensor gives acceptable stability and response/recovery rate at the operating temperature of 500 °C within the examined period. In summary, the use of dual functional SE (e.g., Co3O4/NiO composite SE) indeed addressed those issues of concern in monitoring the level of total NOx and has provided a promising alternative way for designing future high-performance total NOx sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zeng
- Enviromental Monitoring and Sensing Tehcnology Laboratory, School of of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuli Xu
- Enviromental Monitoring and Sensing Tehcnology Laboratory, School of of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junkan Yu
- Enviromental Monitoring and Sensing Tehcnology Laboratory, School of of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Enviromental Monitoring and Sensing Tehcnology Laboratory, School of of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- School of of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, People’s Republic of China
| | - Han Jin
- Enviromental Monitoring and Sensing Tehcnology Laboratory, School of of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, People’s Republic of China
- Ningbo Materials Science and Technology Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qinghui Jin
- Enviromental Monitoring and Sensing Tehcnology Laboratory, School of of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenfeng Shen
- Ningbo Materials Science and Technology Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Zou
- Enviromental Monitoring and Sensing Tehcnology Laboratory, School of of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shengwei Deng
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiawen Jian
- Enviromental Monitoring and Sensing Tehcnology Laboratory, School of of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, People’s Republic of China
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20
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Zeleke TS, Tsai MC, Weret MA, Huang CJ, Birhanu MK, Liu TC, Huang CP, Soo YL, Yang YW, Su WN, Hwang BJ. Immobilized Single Molecular Molybdenum Disulfide on Carbonized Polyacrylonitrile for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction. ACS Nano 2019; 13:6720-6729. [PMID: 31082197 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b01266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Designing a MoS2 catalyst having a large number of active sites and high site activity enables the catalytic activity toward the hydrogen evolution reaction to be improved. Herein, we report the synthesis of a low-cost and catalytically active immobilized single molecular molybdenum disulfide on carbonized polyacrylonitrile (MoS2-cPAN) electrocatalyst. From the extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectra analysis, we found that the as-prepared material has no metal-metal scattering and it resembles MoS2 with a molecular state. Meanwhile, the size of the molecular MoS2 has been estimated to be about 1.31 nm by high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy. A low coordination number and maximum utilization of the single molecular MoS2 surface enable MoS2-cPAN to demonstrate electrochemical performance significantly better than that of bulk MoS2 by two orders of exchange current density ( jo) and turnover frequency to the hydrogen evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamene Simachew Zeleke
- NanoElectrochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering , National Taiwan University of Science and Technology , Taipei 10607 , Taiwan
| | - Meng-Che Tsai
- NanoElectrochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering , National Taiwan University of Science and Technology , Taipei 10607 , Taiwan
| | - Misganaw Adigo Weret
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , National Taiwan University of Science and Technology , Taipei 10607 , Taiwan
| | - Chen-Jui Huang
- NanoElectrochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering , National Taiwan University of Science and Technology , Taipei 10607 , Taiwan
| | - Mulatu Kassie Birhanu
- NanoElectrochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering , National Taiwan University of Science and Technology , Taipei 10607 , Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Ching Liu
- NanoElectrochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering , National Taiwan University of Science and Technology , Taipei 10607 , Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Ping Huang
- NanoElectrochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering , National Taiwan University of Science and Technology , Taipei 10607 , Taiwan
- Material and Chemical Research Laboratories , Industrial Technology Research Institute , Hsin-Chu 31040 , Taiwan
| | - Yun-Liang Soo
- Department of Physics , National Tsing Hua University , Hsin-Chu 300 , Taiwan
| | - Yaw-Wen Yang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center , Hsin-Chu 30076 , Taiwan
| | - Wei-Nien Su
- NanoElectrochemistry Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology , National Taiwan University of Science and Technology , Taipei 10607 , Taiwan
| | - Bing-Joe Hwang
- NanoElectrochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering , National Taiwan University of Science and Technology , Taipei 10607 , Taiwan
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center , Hsin-Chu 30076 , Taiwan
- Applied Research Center for Thin-Film Metallic Glass , National Taiwan University of Science and Technology , Taipei 10607 , Taiwan
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21
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Wu J, Qin N, Yuan B, Lin E, Bao D. Enhanced Pyroelectric Catalysis of BaTiO 3 Nanowires for Utilizing Waste Heat in Pollution Treatment. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2018; 10:37963-37973. [PMID: 30360057 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b11158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A novel catalytic effect of pyroelectric materials induced by a change in temperature, namely pyroelectric catalysis, was found to be attractive due to its ability to utilize waste heat in pollution treatment. In this work, the pyroelectric catalytic properties of BaTiO3 (BTO) nanowires synthesized by a template hydrothermal method have been thoroughly investigated. The nanowires with an elongated polar axis show a superior pyroelectric catalytic performance in comparison with the equiaxial nanoparticles. Our numerical simulation results with a finite element method indicate that the enhanced catalytic efficiency of BTO nanowires can be attributed to the higher pyroelectric potential. On the basis of the pyroelectric effect and our experimental results, a pyroelectric catalytic degradation mechanism has been proposed by taking into account the migration of charge carriers and the formation of reaction radicals. This study for enhancing the pyroelectric catalytic activity by using BTO nanowires may provide a facile, promising, and new reusable strategy for the catalytic degradation of organic dye pollutant by means of temperature variation. It is hoped that the present work gives a clear understanding of the mechanism of pyroelectric catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , China
| | - Ni Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , China
| | - Baowei Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , China
| | - Enzhu Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , China
| | - Dinghua Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , China
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22
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Mijanur Rahman ATM, Kim DH, Jang HD, Yang JH, Lee SJ. Preliminary Study on Biosensor-Type Time-Temperature Integrator for Intelligent Food Packaging. Sensors (Basel) 2018; 18:s18061949. [PMID: 29914117 PMCID: PMC6022013 DOI: 10.3390/s18061949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
A glucose biosensor was utilized as a platform for the time-temperature integrator (TTI), a device for intelligent food packaging. The TTI system is composed of glucose oxidase, glucose, a pH indicator, and a three-electrode potentiostat, which produces an electrical signal as well as color development. The reaction kinetics of these response variables were analyzed under isothermal conditions. The reaction rates of the electrical current and color changes were 0.0360 ± 0.0020 (95% confidence limit), 0.0566 ± 0.0026, 0.0716 ± 0.0024, 0.1073 ± 0.0028 µA/min, and 0.0187 ± 0.0005, 0.0293 ± 0.0018, 0.0363 ± 0.0012, 0.0540 ± 0.0019 1/min, at 5, 15, 25, and 35 °C, respectively. The Arrhenius activation energy of the current reaction (Eacurrent) was 25.0 ± 1.6 kJ/mol and the Eacolor of the color reactions was 24.2 ± 0.6 kJ/mol. The similarity of these Ea shows agreement in the prediction of food qualities between the electrical signal and color development. Consequently, the function of the new time-temperature integrator system could be extended to that of a biosensor compatible with any electrical utilization equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A T M Mijanur Rahman
- Center for Intelligent Agro-Food Packaging (CIFP), Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Seoul 10326, Korea.
| | - Do Hyeon Kim
- Center for Intelligent Agro-Food Packaging (CIFP), Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Seoul 10326, Korea.
| | - Han Dong Jang
- Center for Intelligent Agro-Food Packaging (CIFP), Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Seoul 10326, Korea.
| | - Jung Hwa Yang
- Center for Intelligent Agro-Food Packaging (CIFP), Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Seoul 10326, Korea.
| | - Seung Ju Lee
- Center for Intelligent Agro-Food Packaging (CIFP), Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Seoul 10326, Korea.
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23
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Abstract
Direct photocatalysis making use of plasmonic metals has attracted significant attention due to the light-harnessing capabilities of these materials associated with localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) features. Thus far, most reported work has been limited to plasmon-induced chemical transformations. Herein, we demonstrate that electrochemical reactions can also be accelerated by plasmonic nanoparticles upon LSPR excitation. Using glucose electrocatalysis as a model reaction system, the direct plasmon-accelerated electrochemical reaction (PAER) on gold nanoparticles is observed. The wavelength- and solution-pH-dependent electrochemical oxidation rate and the dark-field scattering spectroscopy results confirm that the hot charge carriers generated during plasmon decay are responsible for the enhanced electrocatalysis performance. Based on the proposed PAER mechanism, a plasmon-improved glucose electrochemical sensor is constructed, demonstrating the enhanced performance of the non-enzyme sensor upon LSPR excitation. This plasmon-accelerated electrochemistry promises potential applications in (bio)electrochemical energy conversion, electroanalysis, and electrochemical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Xing-Guo Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Yi Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yue Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Jing-Juan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Xing-Hua Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Hong-Yuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, China
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24
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Liu P, Bian K, Zhu K, Xu Y, Gao Y, Luo H, Lu L, Wang J, Liu J, Tai G. Ultrathin Nanoribbons of in Situ Carbon-Coated V 3O 7·H 2O for High-Energy and Long-Life Li-Ion Batteries: Synthesis, Electrochemical Performance, and Charge-Discharge Behavior. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2017; 9:17002-17012. [PMID: 28459530 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b01504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The ever-growing demands of Li-ion batteries (LIBs) for high-energy and long-life applications, such as electrical vehicles, have prompted great research interest. Herein, by applying an interesting one-step high-temperature mixing method under hydrothermal conditions, ultrathin V3O7·H2O@C nanoribbons with good crystallinity and robust configuration are in situ synthesized as promising cathode materials of high-energy, high-power, and long-life LIBs. Their capacity is up to 319 mA h/g at a current density of 100 mA/g. Moreover, the capacity of 262 mA h/g can be delivered at 500 mA/g, and 94% of capacity can be retained after 100 cycles. Even at a large current density of 3000 mA/g, they can still deliver a high capacity of 165 mA h/g, and 119% of the initial capacity can be kept after 600 cycles. Importantly, their energy density is up to 800 Wh/kg, which is 48-60% higher than those of conventional cathode materials (such as LiCoO2, LiMn2O4, and LiFePO4), and they can maintain an energy density of 355 Wh/kg at a high power density of 8000 W/kg. Furthermore, based on ex situ X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy technology, their exact charge-discharge behavior is reasonably described for the first time. Excitingly, it is found for the first time that the as-synthesized V3O7·H2O@C nanoribbons are also great promising cathode materials for Na-ion batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kan Bian
- School of Mechanical and Electric Engineering, Guangzhou University , Guangzhou 510006, China
| | | | | | - Yanfeng Gao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University , 99 Shangda, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Hongjie Luo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University , 99 Shangda, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Li Lu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore , Singapore 117575, Singapore
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25
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Abstract
A new functionalization of egg white was achieved by an electrochemical reaction. The method involves electron transfer from thiol groups of egg white protein to form disulfide bonds. The oxidized egg white produced less hydrogen sulfide during heat treatment; with sufficient application of electricity, almost no hydrogen sulfide was produced. In addition, gels formed by heating electrochemically oxidized egg white exhibited unique properties, such as a lower gelation temperature and a softened texture, presumably due to protein aggregation and electrochemically mediated intramolecular disulfide bond formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahito Takahashi
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology , 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Akihiro Handa
- Institute of Technology, R&D Division, Kewpie Corporation , 2-5-7 Sengawa, Chofu, Tokyo 182-0002, Japan
| | - Yusuke Yamaguchi
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology , 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Risa Kodama
- Institute of Technology, R&D Division, Kewpie Corporation , 2-5-7 Sengawa, Chofu, Tokyo 182-0002, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Chiba
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology , 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
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Li Q, Jesse S, Tselev A, Collins L, Yu P, Kravchenko I, Kalinin SV, Balke N. Probing local bias-induced transitions using photothermal excitation contact resonance atomic force microscopy and voltage spectroscopy. ACS Nano 2015; 9:1848-1857. [PMID: 25559112 DOI: 10.1021/nn506753u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Nanomechanical properties are closely related to the states of matter, including chemical composition, crystal structure, mesoscopic domain configuration, etc. Investigation of these properties at the nanoscale requires not only static imaging methods, e.g., contact resonance atomic force microscopy (CR-AFM), but also spectroscopic methods capable of revealing their dependence on various external stimuli. Here we demonstrate the voltage spectroscopy of CR-AFM, which was realized by combining photothermal excitation (as opposed to the conventional piezoacoustic excitation method) with the band excitation technique. We applied this spectroscopy to explore local bias-induced phenomena ranging from purely physical to surface electromechanical and electrochemical processes. Our measurements show that the changes in the surface properties associated with these bias-induced transitions can be accurately assessed in a fast and dynamic manner, using resonance frequency as a signature. With many of the advantages offered by photothermal excitation, contact resonance voltage spectroscopy not only is expected to find applications in a broader field of nanoscience but also will provide a basis for future development of other nanoscale elastic spectroscopies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
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27
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Tang Y, Liu L, Fan L, Li Y, Wang F. The Corrosion Behavior of Pure Iron under Solid Na₂SO₄ Deposit in Wet Oxygen Flow at 500 °C. Materials (Basel) 2014; 7:6144-57. [PMID: 28788182 DOI: 10.3390/ma7096144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The corrosion behavior of pure Fe under a Na2SO4 deposit in an atmosphere of O2 + H2O was investigated at 500 °C by thermo gravimetric, and electrochemical measurements, viz. potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and surface characterization methods viz. X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscope (SEM)/energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS). The results showed that a synergistic effect occurred between Na2SO4 and O2 + H2O, which significantly accelerated the corrosion rate of the pure Fe. Briefly, NaFeO2 was formed in addition to the customary Fe oxides; at the same time, H2SO4 gas was produced by introduction of water vapor. Subsequently, an electrochemical corrosion reaction occurred due to the existence of Na2SO4, NaFeO2, and H2O. When this coupled to the chemical corrosion reaction, the progress of the chemical corrosion reaction was promoted and eventually resulted in the acceleration of the corrosion of the pure Fe.
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28
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Young KH, Nei J. The Current Status of Hydrogen Storage Alloy Development for Electrochemical Applications. Materials (Basel) 2013; 6:4574-608. [PMID: 28788349 DOI: 10.3390/ma6104574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Revised: 09/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this review article, the fundamentals of electrochemical reactions involving metal hydrides are explained, followed by a report of recent progress in hydrogen storage alloys for electrochemical applications. The status of various alloy systems, including AB5, AB2, A2B7-type, Ti-Ni-based, Mg-Ni-based, BCC, and Zr-Ni-based metal hydride alloys, for their most important electrochemical application, the nickel metal hydride battery, is summarized. Other electrochemical applications, such as Ni-hydrogen, fuel cell, Li-ion battery, air-metal hydride, and hybrid battery systems, also have been mentioned.
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