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Ahmed MB, Johir MAH, Khourshed C, Zhou JL, Ngo HH, Nghiem DL, Moni M, Sun L. Sorptive removal of dissolved organic matter in biologically-treated effluent by functionalized biochar and carbon nanotubes: Importance of sorbent functionality. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 269:9-17. [PMID: 30145522 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.08.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The sorptive removal of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in biologically-treated effluent was studied by using multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT), carboxylic functionalised MWCNT (MWCNT-COOH), hydroxyl functionalized MWCNT (MWCNT-OH) and functionalized biochar (fBC). DOM was dominated by hydrophilic fraction (79.6%) with a significantly lower hydrophobic fraction (20.4%). The sorption of hydrophobic DOM was not significantly affected by the sorbent functionality (∼10.4% variation) and sorption capacity followed the order of MWCNT > MWCNT-COOH > MWCNT-OH > fBC. In comparison, the sorption of hydrophilic fraction of DOM changed significantly (∼37.35% variation) with the change of sorbent functionality with adsorption capacity decreasing as MWCNT-OH > MWCNT-COOH > MWCNT > fBC. Furthermore, the affinity of adsorbents toward a hydrophilic compound (dinitrobenzene), a hydrophobic compound (pyrene) and humic acid was also evaluated to validate the proposed mechanisms. The results provided important insights on the type of sorbents which are most effective to remove different DOM fractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Boshir Ahmed
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Md Abu Hasan Johir
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Chinu Khourshed
- ICP Laboratory, SSEAU, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - John L Zhou
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia.
| | - Huu Hao Ngo
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Duc Long Nghiem
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Mohammad Moni
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Lying Sun
- Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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Iskander SM, Zhao R, Pathak A, Gupta A, Pruden A, Novak JT, He Z. A review of landfill leachate induced ultraviolet quenching substances: Sources, characteristics, and treatment. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 145:297-311. [PMID: 30165315 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Landfill leachate contains extremely diverse mixtures of pollutants and thus requires appropriate treatment before discharge. Co-treatment of landfill leachate with sewage in wastewater treatment plants is a common approach because of low cost and convenience. However, some recalcitrant organic compounds in leachate can escape biological treatment processes, lower the UV transmittance of waste streams due to their UV-quenching properties, and interfere with the associated disinfection efficacy. Thus, the leachate UV quenching substances (UVQS) must be removed or reduced to a level that UV disinfection is not strongly affected. UVQS consist of three major fractions, humic acids, fulvic acids and hydrophilics, each of which has distinct characteristics and behaviors during treatment. The purpose of this review is to provide a synthesis of the state of the science regarding UVQS and possible treatment approaches. In general, chemical, electrochemical, and physical treatments are more effective than biological treatments, but also costlier. Integration of multiple treatment methods to target the removal of different fractions of UVQS can aid in optimizing treatment. The importance of UVQS effects on wastewater treatment should be better recognized and understood with implemented regulations and improved research and treatment practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syeed Md Iskander
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, United States
| | - Renzun Zhao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Lamar University, Beaumont, TX, 77710, United States; Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, North Carolina Agricultural & Technical State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, United States.
| | - Ankit Pathak
- Hazen and Sawyer, Fairfax, VA, 22033, United States
| | - Abhinav Gupta
- Intel Corporation, Hillsboro, OR, 97124, United States
| | - Amy Pruden
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, United States
| | - John T Novak
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, United States
| | - Zhen He
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, United States.
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Awfa D, Ateia M, Fujii M, Johnson MS, Yoshimura C. Photodegradation of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in water treatment using carbonaceous-TiO 2 composites: A critical review of recent literature. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 142:26-45. [PMID: 29859390 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The high concentrations of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCP) that found in water in many locations are of concern. Among the available water treatment methods, heterogeneous photocatalysis using TiO2 is an emerging and viable technology to overcome the occurrence of PPCP in natural and waste water. The combination of carbonaceous materials (e.g., activated carbon, carbon nanotubes and graphene nanosheets) with TiO2, a recent development, gives significantly improved performance. In this article, we present a critical review of the development and fabrication of carbonaceous-TiO2 and its application to PPCP removal including its influence on water chemistry, and the relevant operational parameters. Finally, we present an analysis of current priorities in the ongoing research and development of carbonaceous-TiO2 for the photodegradation of PPCP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dion Awfa
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, School of Environment and Society, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1, M1-4, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8552, Japan
| | - Mohamed Ateia
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, School of Environment and Society, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1, M1-4, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8552, Japan; Department of Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, United States; PSIPW Chair, Prince Sultan Institute for Environmental, Water and Desert Research, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Manabu Fujii
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, School of Environment and Society, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1, M1-4, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8552, Japan
| | - Matthew S Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Chihiro Yoshimura
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, School of Environment and Society, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1, M1-4, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8552, Japan
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Shimizu Y, Ateia M, Yoshimura C. Natural organic matter undergoes different molecular sieving by adsorption on activated carbon and carbon nanotubes. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 203:345-352. [PMID: 29626812 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.03.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
We have comprehensively compared the molecular sieving of natural organic matter (NOM) by adsorption on activated carbon (AC) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNT) using different types of NOM. All water samples were characterized using UV-visible and fluorescence spectroscopies as well as high-performance size-exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) before and after adsorption. Adsorption isotherm results fitted well with Freundlich model (R2 = 0.95-0.99) and the model parameters indicated higher adsorption of NOM on CNT than AC. Fluorescence index (FI) and freshness index (BIX) showed preferential adsorption of microbial derived and fresh NOM on AC, whereas, terrestrial derived and decomposed NOM were preferentially adsorbed on CNT. Further, HPSEC revealed that AC adsorbed NOM fractions with small molecular weight (MW) (<0.4 kDa) faster than the fractions with higher MW. In contrast, CNT adsorbed NOM fractions characterized by high MW (>1 kDa) while the smallest fraction (<0.4 kDa) was not adsorbed, possibly due to its hydrophilic character. Our results also demonstrated a good correlation between FI and average MW of NOM (R2 > 0.93). These findings illustrate the influence of the adsorbent's type and characteristics (i.e., porosity and pore size distribution) on the preferential adsorption of different NOM fractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Shimizu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-M1-4 Ookayama, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Mohamed Ateia
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-M1-4 Ookayama, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan; Department of Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, Clemson University, Anderson, SC 29625, USA.
| | - Chihiro Yoshimura
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-M1-4 Ookayama, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
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Green and facile approach for enhancing the inherent magnetic properties of carbon nanotubes for water treatment applications. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180636. [PMID: 28708835 PMCID: PMC5510820 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Current methods for preparing magnetic composites with carbon nanotubes (MCNT) commonly include extensive use of treatment with strong acids and result in massive losses of carbon nanotubes (CNTs). In this study we explore the potential of taking advantage of the inherent magnetic properties associated with the metal (alloy or oxide) incorporated in CNTs during their production. The as-received CNTs are refined by applying a permanent magnet to a suspension of CNTs to separate the high-magnetic fraction; the low-magnetic fraction is discarded with the solvent. The collected MCNTs were characterized by a suite of 10 diffraction and spectroscopic techniques. A key discovery is that metallic nano-clusters of Fe and/or Ni located in the interior cavities of the nanotubes give MCNTs their ferromagnetic character. After refinement using our method, the MCNTs show saturation magnetizations up to 10 times that of the as-received materials. In addition, we demonstrate the ability of these MCNTs to repeatedly remove atrazine from water in a cycle of dispersion into a water sample, adsorption of the atrazine onto the MCNTs, collection by magnetic attraction and regeneration by ethanol. The resulting MCNTs show high adsorption capacities (> 40 mg-atrazine/g), high magnetic response, and straightforward regeneration. The method presented here is simpler, faster, and substantially reduces chemical waste relative to current techniques and the resulting MCNTs are promising adsorbents for organic/chemical contaminants in environmental waters.
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