51
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Menghrajani KS, Barnes WL. Strong Coupling beyond the Light-Line. ACS PHOTONICS 2020; 7:2448-2459. [PMID: 33163580 PMCID: PMC7640702 DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.0c00552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Strong coupling of molecules placed in an optical microcavity may lead to the formation of hybrid states called polaritons; states that inherit characteristics of both the optical cavity modes and the molecular resonance. Developing a better understanding of the matter characteristics of these hybrid states has been the focus of much recent attention. Here, as we will show, a better understanding of the role of the optical modes supported by typical cavity structures is also required. Typical microcavities used in molecular strong coupling experiments support more than one mode at the frequency of the material resonance. While the effect of strong coupling to multiple photonic modes has been considered before, here we extend this topic by looking at strong coupling between one vibrational mode and multiple photonic modes. Many experiments involving strong coupling make use of metal-clad microcavities, ones with metallic mirrors. Metal-clad microcavities are well-known to support coupled plasmon modes in addition to the standard microcavity mode. However, the coupled plasmon modes associated with a metal-clad optical microcavity lie beyond the light-line and are thus not probed in typical experiments on strong coupling. Here we investigate, through experiment and numerical modeling, the interaction between molecules within a cavity and the modes both inside and outside the light-line. Making use of grating coupling and a metal-clad microcavity, we provide an experimental demonstration that such modes undergo strong coupling. We further show that a common variant of the metal-clad microcavity, one in which the metal mirrors are replaced by distributed Bragg reflector also show strong coupling to modes that exist in these structures beyond the light-line. Our results highlight the need to consider the effect of beyond the light-line modes on the strong coupling of molecular resonances in microcavities and may be of relevance in designing strong coupling resonators for chemistry and materials science investigations.
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52
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Hoffmann NM, Lacombe L, Rubio A, Maitra NT. Effect of many modes on self-polarization and photochemical suppression in cavities. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:104103. [PMID: 32933282 DOI: 10.1063/5.0012723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The standard description of cavity-modified molecular reactions typically involves a single (resonant) mode, while in reality, the quantum cavity supports a range of photon modes. Here, we demonstrate that as more photon modes are accounted for, physicochemical phenomena can dramatically change, as illustrated by the cavity-induced suppression of the important and ubiquitous process of proton-coupled electron-transfer. Using a multi-trajectory Ehrenfest treatment for the photon-modes, we find that self-polarization effects become essential, and we introduce the concept of self-polarization-modified Born-Oppenheimer surfaces as a new construct to analyze dynamics. As the number of cavity photon modes increases, the increasing deviation of these surfaces from the cavity-free Born-Oppenheimer surfaces, together with the interplay between photon emission and absorption inside the widening bands of these surfaces, leads to enhanced suppression. The present findings are general and will have implications for the description and control of cavity-driven physical processes of molecules, nanostructures, and solids embedded in cavities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norah M Hoffmann
- Department of Physics, Rutgers University at Newark, Newark, New Jersey 07102, USA
| | - Lionel Lacombe
- Department of Physics, Rutgers University at Newark, Newark, New Jersey 07102, USA
| | - Angel Rubio
- Department of Physics, Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Neepa T Maitra
- Department of Physics, Rutgers University at Newark, Newark, New Jersey 07102, USA
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53
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Buchholz F, Theophilou I, Giesbertz KJH, Ruggenthaler M, Rubio A. Light-Matter Hybrid-Orbital-Based First-Principles Methods: The Influence of Polariton Statistics. J Chem Theory Comput 2020; 16:5601-5620. [PMID: 32692551 PMCID: PMC7482321 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.0c00469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
![]()
A detailed
understanding of strong matter–photon interactions
requires first-principle methods that can solve the fundamental Pauli–Fierz
Hamiltonian of nonrelativistic quantum electrodynamics efficiently.
A possible way to extend well-established electronic-structure methods
to this situation is to embed the Pauli–Fierz Hamiltonian in
a higher-dimensional light–matter hybrid auxiliary configuration
space. In this work we show the importance of the resulting hybrid
Fermi–Bose statistics of the polaritons, which are the new
fundamental particles of the “photon-dressed” Pauli–Fierz
Hamiltonian for systems in cavities. We show that violations of these
statistics can lead to unphysical results. We present an efficient
way to ensure the correct statistics by enforcing representability
conditions on the dressed one-body reduced density matrix. We further
present a general prescription how to extend a given first-principles
approach to polaritons and as an example introduce polaritonic Hartree–Fock
theory. While being a single-reference method in polariton space,
polaritonic Hartree–Fock is a multireference method in the
electronic space, i.e., it describes electronic correlations. We also
discuss possible applications to polaritonic QEDFT. We apply this
theory to a lattice model and find that, the more delocalized the
bound-state wave function of the particles is, the stronger it reacts
to photons. The main reason is that within a small energy range, many
states with different electronic configurations are available as opposed
to a strongly bound (and hence energetically separated) ground-state
wave function. This indicates that under certain conditions coupling
to the quantum vacuum of a cavity can indeed modify ground state properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Buchholz
- Theory Department, Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter-Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Iris Theophilou
- Theory Department, Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter-Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Klaas J H Giesbertz
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry and Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michael Ruggenthaler
- Theory Department, Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter-Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Angel Rubio
- Theory Department, Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter-Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany.,Center for Computational Quantum Physics (CCQ), Flatiron Institute, 162 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10010, United States
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54
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Flick J, Narang P. Ab initio polaritonic potential-energy surfaces for excited-state nanophotonics and polaritonic chemistry. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:094116. [PMID: 32891103 DOI: 10.1063/5.0021033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Advances in nanophotonics, quantum optics, and low-dimensional materials have enabled precise control of light-matter interactions down to the nanoscale. Combining concepts from each of these fields, there is now an opportunity to create and manipulate photonic matter via strong coupling of molecules to the electromagnetic field. Toward this goal, here we demonstrate a first principles framework to calculate polaritonic excited-state potential-energy surfaces, transition dipole moments, and transition densities for strongly coupled light-matter systems. In particular, we demonstrate the applicability of our methodology by calculating the polaritonic excited-state manifold of a formaldehyde molecule strongly coupled to an optical cavity. This proof-of-concept calculation shows how strong coupling can be exploited to alter photochemical reaction pathways by influencing avoided crossings with tuning of the cavity frequency and coupling strength. Therefore, by introducing an ab initio method to calculate excited-state potential-energy surfaces, our work opens a new avenue for the field of polaritonic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Flick
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Prineha Narang
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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55
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Fregoni J, Corni S, Persico M, Granucci G. Photochemistry in the strong coupling regime: A trajectory surface hopping scheme. J Comput Chem 2020; 41:2033-2044. [PMID: 32609934 PMCID: PMC7891387 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.26369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The strong coupling regime between confined light and organic molecules turned out to be promising in modifying both the ground state and the excited states properties. Under this peculiar condition, the electronic states of the molecule are mixed with the quantum states of light. The dynamical processes occurring on such hybrid states undergo several modifications accordingly. Hence, the dynamical description of chemical reactivity in polaritonic systems needs to explicitly take into account the photon degrees of freedom and nonadiabatic events. With the aim of describing photochemical polaritonic processes, in the present work, we extend the direct trajectory surface hopping scheme to investigate photochemistry under strong coupling between light and matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Fregoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche Informatiche e MatematicheUniversity of Modena and Reggio EmiliaModenaItaly
| | - Stefano Corni
- Dipartimento di Scienze ChimicheUniversity of PadovaPadovaItaly
| | - Maurizio Persico
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica IndustrialeUniversity of PisaPisaItaly
| | - Giovanni Granucci
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica IndustrialeUniversity of PisaPisaItaly
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56
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Nagarajan K, George J, Thomas A, Devaux E, Chervy T, Azzini S, Joseph K, Jouaiti A, Hosseini MW, Kumar A, Genet C, Bartolo N, Ciuti C, Ebbesen TW. Conductivity and Photoconductivity of a p-Type Organic Semiconductor under Ultrastrong Coupling. ACS NANO 2020; 14:10219-10225. [PMID: 32806034 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c03496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
During the past decade, it has been shown that light-matter strong coupling of materials can lead to modified and often improved properties which has stimulated considerable interest. While charge transport can be enhanced in n-type organic semiconductors by coupling the electronic transition and thereby splitting the conduction band into polaritonic states, it is not clear whether the same process can also influence carrier transport in the valence band of p-type semiconductors. Here we demonstrate that it is indeed possible to enhance both the conductivity and photoconductivity of a p-type semiconductor rr-P3HT that is ultrastrongly coupled to plasmonic modes. It is due to the hybrid light-matter character of the virtual polaritonic excitations affecting the linear response of the material. Furthermore, in addition to being enhanced, the photoconductivity of rr-P3HT shows a modified spectral response due to the formation of the hybrid polaritonic states. This illustrates the potential of engineering the vacuum electromagnetic environment to improve the optoelectronic properties of organic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jino George
- CNRS, ISIS, and icFRC, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Anoop Thomas
- CNRS, ISIS, and icFRC, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Eloise Devaux
- CNRS, ISIS, and icFRC, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Thibault Chervy
- CNRS, ISIS, and icFRC, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Stefano Azzini
- CNRS, ISIS, and icFRC, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Kripa Joseph
- CNRS, ISIS, and icFRC, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Abdelaziz Jouaiti
- CNRS, Laboratoire de Tectonique Moléculaire and icFRC, Institut Le Bel, University of Strasbourg, 67070 Strasbourg, France
| | - Mir W Hosseini
- CNRS, Laboratoire de Tectonique Moléculaire and icFRC, Institut Le Bel, University of Strasbourg, 67070 Strasbourg, France
| | - Anil Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Cyriaque Genet
- CNRS, ISIS, and icFRC, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Nicola Bartolo
- Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, CNRS, Université de Paris, Paris 75013, France
| | - Cristiano Ciuti
- Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, CNRS, Université de Paris, Paris 75013, France
| | - Thomas W Ebbesen
- CNRS, ISIS, and icFRC, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
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57
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Li TE, Subotnik JE, Nitzan A. Cavity molecular dynamics simulations of liquid water under vibrational ultrastrong coupling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:18324-18331. [PMID: 32680967 PMCID: PMC7414078 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2009272117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We simulate vibrational strong coupling (VSC) and vibrational ultrastrong coupling (V-USC) for liquid water with classical molecular dynamics simulations. When the cavity modes are resonantly coupled to the O-H stretch mode of liquid water, the infrared spectrum shows asymmetric Rabi splitting. The lower polariton (LP) may be suppressed or enhanced relative to the upper polariton (UP) depending on the frequency of the cavity mode. Moreover, although the static properties and the translational diffusion of water are not changed under VSC or V-USC, we do find the modification of the orientational autocorrelation function of H2O molecules especially under V-USC, which could play a role in ground-state chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao E Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Joseph E Subotnik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Abraham Nitzan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104;
- School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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58
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Ulusoy IS, Vendrell O. Dynamics and spectroscopy of molecular ensembles in a lossy microcavity. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:044108. [PMID: 32752693 DOI: 10.1063/5.0011556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The radiative and nonradiative relaxation dynamics of an ensemble of molecules in a microcavity are investigated with emphasis on the impact of the cavity lifetime on reactive and spectroscopic properties. Extending a previous study [I. S. Ulusoy et al., J. Phys. Chem. A 123, 8832-8844 (2019)], it is shown that the dynamics of the ensemble and of single molecules are influenced by the presence of a cavity resonance as long as the polariton splitting can be resolved spectroscopically, which critically depends on the lifetime of the system. Our simulations illustrate how the branching between nonradiative intersystem crossing and radiative decay through the cavity can be tuned by selecting specific cavity photon energies resonant at specific molecular geometries. In the case of cavity-photon energies that are not resonant at the Franck-Condon geometry of the molecules, it is demonstrated numerically and analytically that collective effects are limited to a handful of molecules in the ensemble.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga S Ulusoy
- Theoretical Chemistry, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Oriol Vendrell
- Theoretical Chemistry, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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59
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Mandal A, Krauss TD, Huo P. Polariton-Mediated Electron Transfer via Cavity Quantum Electrodynamics. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:6321-6340. [PMID: 32589846 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c03227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We investigate the polariton-mediated electron transfer reaction in a model system with analytic rate constant theory and direct quantum dynamical simulations. We demonstrate that the photoinduced charge transfer reaction between a bright donor state and dark acceptor state can be significantly enhanced or suppressed by coupling the molecular system to the quantized radiation field inside an optical cavity. This is because the quantum light-matter interaction can influence the effective driving force and electronic couplings between the donor state, which is the hybrid light-matter excitation, and the molecular acceptor state. Under the resonance condition between the photonic and electronic excitations, the effective driving force can be tuned by changing the light-matter coupling strength; for an off-resonant condition, the same effect can be accomplished by changing the molecule-cavity detuning. We further demonstrate that using both the electronic coupling and light-matter coupling helps to extend the effective couplings across the entire system, even for the dark state that carries a zero transition dipole. Theoretically, we find that both the counter-rotating terms and the dipole self-energy in the quantum electrodynamics Hamiltonian are important for obtaining an accurate polariton eigenspectrum as well as the polariton-mediated charge transfer rate constant, especially in the ultrastrong coupling regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arkajit Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, 120 Trustee Road, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Todd D Krauss
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, 120 Trustee Road, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Pengfei Huo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, 120 Trustee Road, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
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60
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Spano FC. Exciton-phonon polaritons in organic microcavities: Testing a simple ansatz for treating a large number of chromophores. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:204113. [PMID: 32486687 DOI: 10.1063/5.0002164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Polaritons in an ensemble of permutationally symmetric chromophores confined to an optical microcavity are investigated numerically. The analysis is based on the Holstein-Tavis-Cummings Hamiltonian which accounts for the coupling between an electronic excitation on each chromophore and a single cavity mode, as well as the coupling between the electronic and nuclear degrees of freedom on each chromophore. A straightforward ensemble partitioning scheme is introduced, which, along with an intuitive ansatz, allows one to obtain accurate evaluations of the lowest-energy polaritons using a subset of collective states. The polaritons include all three degrees of freedom-electronic, vibronic, and photonic-and can therefore be described as exciton-phonon polaritons. Applications focus on the limiting regimes where the Rabi frequency is small or large compared to the nuclear relaxation energy subsequent to optical excitation, with relaxation occurring mainly along the vinyl stretching coordinate in conjugated organic chromophores. Comparisons are also made to the more conventional vibronic polariton approach, which does not take into account two-particle excitations and vibration-photon states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank C Spano
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
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61
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Schäfer C, Ruggenthaler M, Rokaj V, Rubio A. Relevance of the Quadratic Diamagnetic and Self-Polarization Terms in Cavity Quantum Electrodynamics. ACS PHOTONICS 2020; 7:975-990. [PMID: 32322607 PMCID: PMC7164385 DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.9b01649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Experiments at the interface of quantum optics and chemistry have revealed that strong coupling between light and matter can substantially modify the chemical and physical properties of molecules and solids. While the theoretical description of such situations is usually based on nonrelativistic quantum electrodynamics, which contains quadratic light-matter coupling terms, it is commonplace to disregard these terms and restrict the treatment to purely bilinear couplings. In this work, we clarify the physical origin and the substantial impact of the most common quadratic terms, the diamagnetic and self-polarization terms, and highlight why neglecting them can lead to rather unphysical results. Specifically, we demonstrate their relevance by showing that neglecting these terms leads to the loss of gauge invariance, basis set dependence, disintegration (loss of bound states) of any system in the basis set limit, unphysical radiation of the ground state, and an artificial dependence on the static dipole. Besides providing important guidance for modeling of strongly coupled light-matter systems, the presented results also indicate conditions under which those effects might become accessible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Schäfer
- Max
Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter and Center
for Free-Electron Laser Science & Department of Physics, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Ruggenthaler
- Max
Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter and Center
for Free-Electron Laser Science & Department of Physics, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Vasil Rokaj
- Max
Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter and Center
for Free-Electron Laser Science & Department of Physics, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Angel Rubio
- Max
Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter and Center
for Free-Electron Laser Science & Department of Physics, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Nano-Bio
Spectroscopy Group, Departamento de Fisica de Materiales, Universidad del País Vasco, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
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62
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Herrera F, Owrutsky J. Molecular polaritons for controlling chemistry with quantum optics. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:100902. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5136320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Herrera
- Department of Physics, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Av. Ecuador 3493, Santiago, Chile and Millennium Institute for Research in Optics MIRO, Concepción, Chile
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63
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Zhang B, Liang W. The vibronic absorption spectra and exciton dynamics of plasmon-exciton hybrid systems in the regimes ranged from Fano antiresonance to Rabi-like splitting. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:014102. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5128848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, People’s Republic of China
| | - WanZhen Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, People’s Republic of China
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64
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65
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Hoffmann NM, Schäfer C, Säkkinen N, Rubio A, Appel H, Kelly A. Benchmarking semiclassical and perturbative methods for real-time simulations of cavity-bound emission and interference. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:244113. [PMID: 31893926 DOI: 10.1063/1.5128076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We benchmark a selection of semiclassical and perturbative dynamics techniques by investigating the correlated evolution of a cavity-bound atomic system to assess their applicability to study problems involving strong light-matter interactions in quantum cavities. The model system of interest features spontaneous emission, interference, and strong coupling behavior and necessitates the consideration of vacuum fluctuations and correlated light-matter dynamics. We compare a selection of approximate dynamics approaches including fewest switches surface hopping (FSSH), multitrajectory Ehrenfest dynamics, linearized semiclassical dynamics, and partially linearized semiclassical dynamics. Furthermore, investigating self-consistent perturbative methods, we apply the Bogoliubov-Born-Green-Kirkwood-Yvon hierarchy in the second Born approximation. With the exception of fewest switches surface hopping, all methods provide a reasonable level of accuracy for the correlated light-matter dynamics, with most methods lacking the capacity to fully capture interference effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norah M Hoffmann
- Department of Physics, Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter and Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Schäfer
- Department of Physics, Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter and Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Niko Säkkinen
- Department of Physics, Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter and Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Angel Rubio
- Department of Physics, Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter and Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Heiko Appel
- Department of Physics, Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter and Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Aaron Kelly
- Department of Physics, Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter and Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
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66
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Ramezani M, Halpin A, Wang S, Berghuis M, Rivas JG. Ultrafast Dynamics of Nonequilibrium Organic Exciton-Polariton Condensates. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:8590-8596. [PMID: 31670967 PMCID: PMC6909230 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b03139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Exciton-polariton condensation in organic materials, arising from the coupling of Frenkel excitons to the electromagnetic field in cavities, is a phenomenon resulting in low-threshold coherent light emission among other fascinating properties. The exact mechanisms leading to the thermalization of organic exciton-polaritons toward condensation are not yet understood, partly due to the complexity of organic molecules and partly to the canonical microcavities used in condensation studies, which limit broadband studies. Here, we exploit an entirely different cavity design, i.e., an array of plasmonic nanoparticles strongly coupled to organic molecules, to successfully measure the broadband ultrafast dynamics of the strongly coupled system. Sharp features emerge in the transient spectrum originating from the formation of a condensate with a well-defined molecular vibrational composition. These measurements represent the first direct experimental evidence that molecular vibrations drive condensation in organic systems and provide a benchmark for modeling the dynamics of organic-based exciton-polariton condensates.
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67
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Buchholz F, Theophilou I, Nielsen SEB, Ruggenthaler M, Rubio A. Reduced Density-Matrix Approach to Strong Matter-Photon Interaction. ACS PHOTONICS 2019; 6:2694-2711. [PMID: 31788499 PMCID: PMC6875895 DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.9b00648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
We present a first-principles approach to electronic many-body systems strongly coupled to cavity modes in terms of matter-photon one-body reduced density matrices. The theory is fundamentally nonperturbative and thus captures not only the effects of correlated electronic systems but accounts also for strong interactions between matter and photon degrees of freedom. We do so by introducing a higher-dimensional auxiliary system that maps the coupled fermion-boson system to a dressed fermionic problem. This reformulation allows us to overcome many fundamental challenges of density-matrix theory in the context of coupled fermion-boson systems and we can employ conventional reduced density-matrix functional theory developed for purely fermionic systems. We provide results for one-dimensional model systems in real space and show that simple density-matrix approximations are accurate from the weak to the deep-strong coupling regime. This justifies the application of our method to systems that are too complex for exact calculations and we present first results, which show that the influence of the photon field depends sensitively on the details of the electronic structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Buchholz
- Theory
Department, Max Planck Institute for the
Structure and Dynamics of Matter - Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- E-mail:
| | - Iris Theophilou
- Theory
Department, Max Planck Institute for the
Structure and Dynamics of Matter - Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- E-mail:
| | - Soeren E. B. Nielsen
- Theory
Department, Max Planck Institute for the
Structure and Dynamics of Matter - Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Ruggenthaler
- Theory
Department, Max Planck Institute for the
Structure and Dynamics of Matter - Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- E-mail:
| | - Angel Rubio
- Theory
Department, Max Planck Institute for the
Structure and Dynamics of Matter - Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Center
for Computational Quantum Physics (CCQ), Flatiron Institute, 162 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10010, United
States
- E-mail:
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68
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Vergauwe RMA, Thomas A, Nagarajan K, Shalabney A, George J, Chervy T, Seidel M, Devaux E, Torbeev V, Ebbesen TW. Modification of Enzyme Activity by Vibrational Strong Coupling of Water. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:15324-15328. [PMID: 31449707 PMCID: PMC6856831 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201908876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Vibrational strong coupling (VSC) has recently emerged as a completely new tool for influencing chemical reactivity. It harnesses electromagnetic vacuum fluctuations through the creation of hybrid states of light and matter, called polaritonic states, in an optical cavity resonant to a molecular absorption band. Here, we investigate the effect of vibrational strong coupling of water on the enzymatic activity of pepsin, where a water molecule is directly involved in the enzyme's chemical mechanism. We observe an approximately 4.5-fold decrease of the apparent second-order rate constant kcat /Km when coupling the water stretching vibration, whereas no effect was detected for the strong coupling of the bending vibration. The possibility of modifying enzymatic activity by coupling water demonstrates the potential of VSC as a new tool to study biochemical reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anoop Thomas
- University of StrasbourgCNRSISIS & icFRC8 allée Gaspard Monge67000StrasbourgFrance
| | - Kalaivanan Nagarajan
- University of StrasbourgCNRSISIS & icFRC8 allée Gaspard Monge67000StrasbourgFrance
| | | | - Jino George
- University of StrasbourgCNRSISIS & icFRC8 allée Gaspard Monge67000StrasbourgFrance
- Present address: Department of Chemical SciencesIndian Institute of Science Education and Research MohaliKnowledge city, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, ManauliPO 140306MohaliIndia
| | - Thibault Chervy
- University of StrasbourgCNRSISIS & icFRC8 allée Gaspard Monge67000StrasbourgFrance
- Present address: Institute for Quantum ElectronicsETH ZurichOtto-Stern-Weg 18093ZurichSwitzerland
| | - Marcus Seidel
- University of StrasbourgCNRSISIS & icFRC8 allée Gaspard Monge67000StrasbourgFrance
| | - Eloïse Devaux
- University of StrasbourgCNRSISIS & icFRC8 allée Gaspard Monge67000StrasbourgFrance
| | - Vladimir Torbeev
- University of StrasbourgCNRSISIS & icFRC8 allée Gaspard Monge67000StrasbourgFrance
| | - Thomas W. Ebbesen
- University of StrasbourgCNRSISIS & icFRC8 allée Gaspard Monge67000StrasbourgFrance
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69
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Zhang Y, Nelson T, Tretiak S. Non-adiabatic molecular dynamics of molecules in the presence of strong light-matter interactions. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:154109. [PMID: 31640366 DOI: 10.1063/1.5116550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Physics and Chemistry of Materials, Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Tammie Nelson
- Physics and Chemistry of Materials, Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Sergei Tretiak
- Physics and Chemistry of Materials, Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
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70
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Hernández FJ, Herrera F. Multi-level quantum Rabi model for anharmonic vibrational polaritons. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:144116. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5121426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Federico J. Hernández
- Department of Physics, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Av. Ecuador, 3493 Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe Herrera
- Department of Physics, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Av. Ecuador, 3493 Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute for Research in Optics MIRO, Concepción, Chile
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71
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Ulusoy IS, Gomez JA, Vendrell O. Modifying the Nonradiative Decay Dynamics through Conical Intersections via Collective Coupling to a Cavity Mode. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:8832-8844. [PMID: 31536346 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b07404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The coupling of a molecular ensemble to the confined electromagnetic modes of a microcavity can strongly modify the photophysics and photochemistry of the molecules upon photoexcitation. We investigate here how collective coupling effects lead to modifications of the mechanisms and rates of photochemical processes, in particular, photodissociation and nonradiative decay in NaI and pyrazine, respectively. We show that, after direct excitation into the lower polaritonic states, the lower-energy light-matter hybrid states, the dynamics of the molecular ensemble coupled to light is very similar to the dynamics of the corresponding isolated molecules. Conversely, excitation into the upper polaritonic states results in more complex dynamics that involve as a first step the population transfer toward the manifold of intermediate dark states. These dynamics differ substantially from those of the isolated molecules and may result in measurable time delays for nonradiative decay or excited-state reaction mechanisms. Similarly, we describe how addition of a buffer of nonreactive molecules coupled to the cavity mode can be used to delay the onset of the photochemical processes of the reactive part of the ensemble, where the buffer medium is more effective in inhibiting the reactive process than only reactive molecules in the cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga S Ulusoy
- Theoretical Chemistry, Institute of Physical Chemistry , Heidelberg University , Im Neuenheimer Feld 229 , 69120 Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Johana A Gomez
- Theoretical Chemistry, Institute of Physical Chemistry , Heidelberg University , Im Neuenheimer Feld 229 , 69120 Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Oriol Vendrell
- Theoretical Chemistry, Institute of Physical Chemistry , Heidelberg University , Im Neuenheimer Feld 229 , 69120 Heidelberg , Germany
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72
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Ibele LM, Nicolson A, Curchod BFE. Excited-state dynamics of molecules with classically driven trajectories and Gaussians. Mol Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2019.1665199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lea M. Ibele
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Durham, UK
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73
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Mandal A, Huo P. Investigating New Reactivities Enabled by Polariton Photochemistry. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:5519-5529. [PMID: 31475529 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b01599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We perform quantum dynamics simulations to investigate new chemical reactivities enabled by cavity quantum electrodynamics. The quantum light-matter interactions between the molecule and the quantized radiation mode inside an optical cavity create a set of hybridized electronic-photonic states, so-called polaritons. The polaritonic states adapt the curvatures from both the ground and the excited electronic states, opening up new possibilities to control photochemical reactions by exploiting intrinsic quantum behaviors of light-matter interactions. With quantum dynamics simulations, we demonstrate that the selectivity of a model photoisomerization reaction can be controlled by tuning the photon frequency of the cavity mode or the light-matter coupling strength, providing new ways to manipulate chemical reactions via the light-matter interaction. We further investigate collective quantum effects enabled by coupling the quantized radiation mode to multiple molecules. Our results suggest that in the resonance case, a photon is recycled among molecules to enable multiple excited state reactions, thus effectively functioning as a catalyst. In the nonresonance case, molecules emit and absorb virtual photons to initiate excited state reactions through fundamental quantum electrodynamics processes. These results from quantum dynamics simulations reveal basic principles of polariton photochemistry as well as promising reactivities that take advantage of intrinsic quantum behaviors of photons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arkajit Mandal
- Department of Chemistry , University of Rochester , 120 Trustee Road , Rochester , New York 14627 , United States
| | - Pengfei Huo
- Department of Chemistry , University of Rochester , 120 Trustee Road , Rochester , New York 14627 , United States
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74
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Groenhof G, Climent C, Feist J, Morozov D, Toppari JJ. Tracking Polariton Relaxation with Multiscale Molecular Dynamics Simulations. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:5476-5483. [PMID: 31453696 PMCID: PMC6914212 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b02192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
When photoactive molecules interact strongly with confined light modes in optical cavities, new hybrid light-matter states form. They are known as polaritons and correspond to coherent superpositions of excitations of the molecules and of the cavity photon. The polariton energies and thus potential energy surfaces are changed with respect to the bare molecules, such that polariton formation is considered a promising paradigm for controlling photochemical reactions. To effectively manipulate photochemistry with confined light, the molecules need to remain in the polaritonic state long enough for the reaction on the modified potential energy surface to take place. To understand what determines this lifetime, we have performed atomistic molecular dynamics simulations of room-temperature ensembles of rhodamine chromophores strongly coupled to a single confined light mode with a 15 fs lifetime. We investigated three popular experimental scenarios and followed the relaxation after optically pumping (i) the lower polariton, (ii) the upper polariton, or (iii) uncoupled molecular states. The results of the simulations suggest that the lifetimes of the optically accessible lower and upper polaritons are limited by (i) ultrafast photoemission due to the low cavity lifetime and (ii) reversible population transfer into the "dark" state manifold. Dark states are superpositions of molecular excitations but with much smaller contributions from the cavity photon, decreasing their emission rates and hence increasing their lifetimes. We find that population transfer between polaritonic modes and dark states is determined by the overlap between the polaritonic and molecular absorption spectra. Importantly, excitation can also be transferred "upward" from the lower polariton into the dark-state reservoir due to the broad absorption spectra of the chromophores, contrary to the common conception of these processes as a "one-way" relaxation from the dark states down to the lower polariton. Our results thus suggest that polaritonic chemistry relying on modified dynamics taking place within the lower polariton manifold requires cavities with sufficiently long lifetimes and, at the same time, strong light-matter coupling strengths to prevent the back-transfer of excitation into the dark states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerrit Groenhof
- Nanoscience Center, Department of Chemistry, and Department of Physics, University
of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box
35, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
- E-mail:
| | - Clàudia Climent
- Departamento
de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada and Condensed
Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad
Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Johannes Feist
- Departamento
de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada and Condensed
Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad
Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Dmitry Morozov
- Nanoscience Center, Department of Chemistry, and Department of Physics, University
of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box
35, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - J. Jussi Toppari
- Nanoscience Center, Department of Chemistry, and Department of Physics, University
of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box
35, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
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75
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Vergauwe RMA, Thomas A, Nagarajan K, Shalabney A, George J, Chervy T, Seidel M, Devaux E, Torbeev V, Ebbesen TW. Modification of Enzyme Activity by Vibrational Strong Coupling of Water. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201908876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Anoop Thomas
- University of Strasbourg CNRS ISIS & icFRC 8 allée Gaspard Monge 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Kalaivanan Nagarajan
- University of Strasbourg CNRS ISIS & icFRC 8 allée Gaspard Monge 67000 Strasbourg France
| | | | - Jino George
- University of Strasbourg CNRS ISIS & icFRC 8 allée Gaspard Monge 67000 Strasbourg France
- Present address: Department of Chemical Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali Knowledge city, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Manauli PO 140306 Mohali India
| | - Thibault Chervy
- University of Strasbourg CNRS ISIS & icFRC 8 allée Gaspard Monge 67000 Strasbourg France
- Present address: Institute for Quantum Electronics ETH Zurich Otto-Stern-Weg 1 8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Marcus Seidel
- University of Strasbourg CNRS ISIS & icFRC 8 allée Gaspard Monge 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Eloïse Devaux
- University of Strasbourg CNRS ISIS & icFRC 8 allée Gaspard Monge 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Vladimir Torbeev
- University of Strasbourg CNRS ISIS & icFRC 8 allée Gaspard Monge 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Thomas W. Ebbesen
- University of Strasbourg CNRS ISIS & icFRC 8 allée Gaspard Monge 67000 Strasbourg France
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76
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Lacombe L, Hoffmann NM, Maitra NT. Exact Potential Energy Surface for Molecules in Cavities. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:083201. [PMID: 31491208 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.083201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We find and analyze the exact time-dependent potential energy surface driving the proton motion for a model of cavity-induced suppression of proton-coupled electron transfer. We show how, in contrast to the polaritonic surfaces, its features directly correlate to the proton dynamics and we discuss cavity modifications of its structure responsible for the suppression. The results highlight the interplay between nonadiabatic effects from coupling to photons and coupling to electrons and suggest caution is needed when applying traditional dynamics methods based on polaritonic surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lionel Lacombe
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Hunter College of the City University of New York, 695 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Norah M Hoffmann
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Hunter College of the City University of New York, 695 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10065, USA
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter and Center for Free-Electron Laser Science and Department of Physics, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Neepa T Maitra
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Hunter College of the City University of New York, 695 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10065, USA
- Physics Program and Chemistry Program, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York 10016, USA
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77
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Rossi TP, Shegai T, Erhart P, Antosiewicz TJ. Strong plasmon-molecule coupling at the nanoscale revealed by first-principles modeling. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3336. [PMID: 31350397 PMCID: PMC6659639 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11315-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Strong light-matter interactions in both the single-emitter and collective strong coupling regimes attract significant attention due to emerging applications in quantum and nonlinear optics as well as opportunities for modifying material-related properties. Exploration of these phenomena is theoretically demanding, as polaritons exist at the intersection between quantum optics, solid state physics, and quantum chemistry. Fortunately, nanoscale polaritons can be realized in small plasmon-molecule systems, enabling treatment with ab initio methods. Here, we show that time-dependent density-functional theory calculations access the physics of nanoscale plasmon-molecule hybrids and predict vacuum Rabi splitting. By considering a system comprising a few-hundred-atom aluminum nanoparticle interacting with benzene molecules, we show that cavity quantum electrodynamics holds down to resonators of a few cubic nanometers in size, yielding a single-molecule coupling strength exceeding 200 meV due to a massive vacuum field of 4.5 V · nm−1. In a broader perspective, ab initio methods enable parameter-free in-depth studies of polaritonic systems for emerging applications. Light-matter interaction is described by many different approaches and approximations depending on the coupling strength. Here the authors model a plasmonic system of aluminum nanoparticle interacting with benzene molecules using TDDFT and show its validity to a strong plasmon-molecule coupling regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuomas P Rossi
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Timur Shegai
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Paul Erhart
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tomasz J Antosiewicz
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden. .,Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland.
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78
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Agostini F, Curchod BFE. Different flavors of nonadiabatic molecular dynamics. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/wcms.1417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Federica Agostini
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique UMR 8000 CNRS/University Paris‐Sud Orsay France
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79
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Vendrell O. Collective Jahn-Teller Interactions through Light-Matter Coupling in a Cavity. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:253001. [PMID: 30608830 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.253001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The ultrafast nonradiative relaxation of a molecular ensemble coupled to a cavity mode is considered theoretically and by real-time quantum dynamics. For equal coupling strength of single molecules to the cavity mode, the nonradiative relaxation rate from the upper to the lower polariton states is found to strongly depend on the number of coupled molecules. The coupling of both bright and dark polaritonic states among each other constitutes a special case of (pseudo-)Jahn-Teller interactions involving collective displacements the internal coordinates of the molecules in the ensemble, and the strength of the first order vibronic coupling depends exclusively on the gradient of the energy gaps between molecular electronic states. For N>2 molecules, the N-1 dark light-matter states between the two optically active polaritons feature true collective conical intersection crossings, whose location depends on the internal atomic coordinates of each molecule in the ensemble, and which contribute to the ultrafast nonradiative decay from the upper polariton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oriol Vendrell
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark and Theoretische Chemie, Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, INF 229, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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80
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Fregoni J, Granucci G, Coccia E, Persico M, Corni S. Manipulating azobenzene photoisomerization through strong light-molecule coupling. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4688. [PMID: 30409994 PMCID: PMC6224570 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06971-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation of hybrid light–molecule states (polaritons) offers a new strategy to manipulate the photochemistry of molecules. To fully exploit its potential, one needs to build a toolbox of polaritonic phenomenologies that supplement those of standard photochemistry. By means of a state-of-the-art computational photochemistry approach extended to the strong-coupling regime, here we disclose various mechanisms peculiar of polaritonic chemistry: coherent population oscillations between polaritons, quenching by trapping in dead-end polaritonic states and the alteration of the photochemical reaction pathway and quantum yields. We focus on azobenzene photoisomerization, that encompasses the essential features of complex photochemical reactions such as the presence of conical intersections and reaction coordinates involving multiple internal modes. In the strong coupling regime, a polaritonic conical intersection arises and we characterize its role in the photochemical process. Our chemically detailed simulations provide a framework to rationalize how the strong coupling impacts the photochemistry of realistic molecules. Manipulation of the photochemistry of molecules is traditionally achieved through synthetic chemical modifications. Here the authors use computational photochemistry to show how to control azobenzene photoisomerization through hybrid light–molecule states (polaritons).
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Affiliation(s)
- J Fregoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Informatiche e Matematiche, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, I-41125, Modena, Italy.,Istituto Nanoscienze, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche CNR-NANO, I-41125, Modena, Italy
| | - G Granucci
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, University of Pisa, I-56124, Pisa, Italy.
| | - E Coccia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, University of Padova, I-35131, Padova, Italy
| | - M Persico
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, University of Pisa, I-56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - S Corni
- Istituto Nanoscienze, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche CNR-NANO, I-41125, Modena, Italy. .,Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, University of Padova, I-35131, Padova, Italy.
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81
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Szidarovszky T, Halász GJ, Császár AG, Cederbaum LS, Vibók Á. Conical Intersections Induced by Quantum Light: Field-Dressed Spectra from the Weak to the Ultrastrong Coupling Regimes. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:6215-6223. [PMID: 30296095 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b02609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In classical laser fields with frequencies resonant with the electronic excitation in molecules, it is by now known that conical intersections are induced by the field and are called light-induced conical intersections (LICIs). As optical cavities have become accessible, the question arises whether their quantized modes could also lead to the appearance of LICIs. A theoretical framework is formulated for the investigation of LICIs of diatomics in such quantum light. The eigenvalue spectrum of the dressed states in the cavity is studied, putting particular emphasis on the investigation of absorption spectra of the Na2 molecule, that is, on the transitions between dressed states, measured by employing a weak probe pulse. The dependence of the spectra on the light-matter coupling strength in the cavity and on the frequency of the cavity mode is studied in detail. The computations demonstrate strong nonadiabatic effects caused by the appearing LICI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Szidarovszky
- Laboratory of Molecular Structure and Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry , ELTE Eötvös Loránd University and MTA-ELTE Complex Chemical System Research Group , Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A , H-1117 Budapest , Hungary
| | - Gábor J Halász
- Department of Information Technology , University of Debrecen , P.O. Box 400, H-4002 Debrecen , Hungary
| | - Attila G Császár
- Laboratory of Molecular Structure and Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry , ELTE Eötvös Loránd University and MTA-ELTE Complex Chemical System Research Group , Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A , H-1117 Budapest , Hungary
| | - Lorenz S Cederbaum
- Theoretische Chemie, Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut , Universität Heidelberg , D-69120 Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Ágnes Vibók
- Department of Theoretical Physics , University of Debrecen , P.O. Box 400, H-4002 Debrecen , Hungary
- ELI-ALPS, ELI-HU Non-Profit Ltd. , Dugonics tér 13 , H-6720 Szeged , Hungary
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82
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Groenhof G, Toppari JJ. Coherent Light Harvesting through Strong Coupling to Confined Light. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:4848-4851. [PMID: 30085671 PMCID: PMC6129961 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b02032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
When photoactive molecules interact strongly with confined light modes, new hybrid light-matter states may form: the polaritons. These polaritons are coherent superpositions of excitations of the molecules and of the cavity photon. Recently, polaritons were shown to mediate energy transfer between chromophores at distances beyond the Förster limit. Here we explore the potential of strong coupling for light-harvesting applications by means of atomistic molecular dynamics simulations of mixtures of photoreactive and non-photo-reactive molecules strongly coupled to a single confined light mode. These molecules are spatially separated and present at different concentrations. Our simulations suggest that while the excitation is initially fully delocalized over all molecules and the confined light mode, it very rapidly localizes onto one of the photoreactive molecules, which then undergoes the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerrit Groenhof
- Department
of Chemistry and Nanoscience Center,
P.O. Box 35, FIN-40014 University
of Jyväskylä, Finland
- E-mail:
| | - J. Jussi Toppari
- Department
of Physics and Nanoscience Center, P.O.
Box 35, FIN-40014 University of Jyväskylä, Finland
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83
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Ribeiro RF, Martínez-Martínez LA, Du M, Campos-Gonzalez-Angulo J, Yuen-Zhou J. Polariton chemistry: controlling molecular dynamics with optical cavities. Chem Sci 2018; 9:6325-6339. [PMID: 30310561 PMCID: PMC6115696 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc01043a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 259] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular polaritons are the optical excitations which emerge when molecular transitions interact strongly with confined electromagnetic fields. Increasing interest in the hybrid molecular-photonic materials that host these excitations stems from recent observations of their novel and tunable chemistry. Some of the remarkable functionalities exhibited by polaritons include the ability to induce long-range excitation energy transfer, enhance charge conductivity, and inhibit or accelerate chemical reactions. In this review, we explain the effective theories of molecular polaritons which form a basis for the interpretation and guidance of experiments at the strong coupling limit. The theoretical discussion is illustrated with the analysis of innovative applications of strongly coupled molecular-photonic systems to chemical phenomena of fundamental importance to future technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael F Ribeiro
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California San Diego , La Jolla , California 92093 , USA .
| | - Luis A Martínez-Martínez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California San Diego , La Jolla , California 92093 , USA .
| | - Matthew Du
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California San Diego , La Jolla , California 92093 , USA .
| | - Jorge Campos-Gonzalez-Angulo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California San Diego , La Jolla , California 92093 , USA .
| | - Joel Yuen-Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California San Diego , La Jolla , California 92093 , USA .
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84
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Csehi A, Halász GJ, Vibók Á. Collective effect of light-induced and natural nonadiabatic phenomena in the dissociation dynamics of the NaI molecule. Chem Phys 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2017.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Vendrell O. Coherent dynamics in cavity femtochemistry: Application of the multi-configuration time-dependent Hartree method. Chem Phys 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2018.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Crespo-Otero R, Barbatti M. Recent Advances and Perspectives on Nonadiabatic Mixed Quantum–Classical Dynamics. Chem Rev 2018; 118:7026-7068. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 301] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Crespo-Otero
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
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