51
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Reddy DS, Srinivas B, Rachineni K, Jagadeesh B, Sarotti AM, Mohapatra DK. BF 3·OEt 2-Catalyzed Unexpected Stereoselective Formation of 2,4- trans-Diallyl-2-methyl-6-aryltetrahydro-2 H-pyrans with Quaternary Stereocenters. J Org Chem 2021; 86:6518-6527. [PMID: 33904736 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The present manuscript describes a convenient, mild, and highly stereoselective method for the allylation of δ-hydroxy-α,β-unsaturated ketones having a benzylic hydroxyl group at the δ-position using allyltrimethylsilane mediated by BF3·OEt2, leading to 2,4-diallyl-2-methyl-6-aryltetrahydro-2H-pyran ring systems with quaternary carbon stereogenic centers. This represents the first example of a tandem isomerization followed by one C-O and two C-C bond-forming reactions in one pot. The isolation of TMS-protected lactol as an intermediate from the reaction strongly supports the proposed mechanistic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Srinivas Reddy
- Department of Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Beduru Srinivas
- Department of Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Kavitha Rachineni
- Centre for NMR and Structural Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Bharatam Jagadeesh
- Centre for NMR and Structural Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Ariel M Sarotti
- Instituto de Química Rosario (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, 2000 Rosario, Argentina
| | - Debendra K Mohapatra
- Department of Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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52
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Wei Y, Ben-Zvi B, Diao T. Diastereoselective Synthesis of Aryl C-Glycosides from Glycosyl Esters via C-O Bond Homolysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:9433-9438. [PMID: 33438338 PMCID: PMC8044010 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202014991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
C-aryl glycosyl compounds offer better in vivo stability relative to O- and N-glycoside analogues. C-aryl glycosides are extensively investigated as drug candidates and applied to chemical biology studies. Previously, C-aryl glycosides were derived from lactones, glycals, glycosyl stannanes, and halides, via methods displaying various limitations with respect to the scope, functional-group compatibility, and practicality. Challenges remain in the synthesis of C-aryl nucleosides and 2-deoxysugars from easily accessible carbohydrate precursors. Herein, we report a cross-coupling method to prepare C-aryl and heteroaryl glycosides, including nucleosides and 2-deoxysugars, from glycosyl esters and bromoarenes. Activation of the carbohydrate substrates leverages dihydropyridine (DHP) as an activating group followed by decarboxylation to generate a glycosyl radical via C-O bond homolysis. This strategy represents a new means to activate alcohols as a cross-coupling partner. The convenient preparation of glycosyl esters and their stability exemplifies the potential of this method in medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongliang Wei
- Chemistry Department, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, NY, 10003, USA
| | - Benjamin Ben-Zvi
- Chemistry Department, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, NY, 10003, USA
| | - Tianning Diao
- Chemistry Department, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, NY, 10003, USA
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53
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Shi WZ, Li H, Mu GC, Lu JL, Tu YH, Hu XG. 1,2- trans-Stereoselective Synthesis of C-Glycosides of 2-Deoxy-2-amino-sugars Involving Glycosyl Radicals. Org Lett 2021; 23:2659-2663. [PMID: 33733785 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We report for the first time that the imidate radical can be efficiently added to glycals to generate glycosyl radicals, based on which a general, toxic-reagent-free synthesis of C-glycosides of 2-deoxy-2-amino sugars has been developed. Complementary to previous strategies, the reaction is 1,2-trans-stereoselective and could use aryl alkenes as substrates. The late-stage functionalization and density functional theory calculations are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ze Shi
- National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, P. R.China
| | - Hai Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, P. R.China
| | - Gui-Cai Mu
- National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, P. R.China
| | - Ji-Liang Lu
- National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, P. R.China
| | - Yuan-Hong Tu
- National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, P. R.China
| | - Xiang-Guo Hu
- National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, P. R.China.,Key Laboratory of Small Functional Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, P. R. China
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54
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Blocks in the pseudouridimycin pathway unlock hidden metabolites in the Streptomyces producer strain. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5827. [PMID: 33712632 PMCID: PMC7955054 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84833-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We report a metabolomic analysis of Streptomyces sp. ID38640, a soil isolate that produces the bacterial RNA polymerase inhibitor pseudouridimycin. The analysis was performed on the wild type, on three newly constructed and seven previously reported mutant strains disabled in different genes required for pseudouridimycin biosynthesis. The results indicate that Streptomyces sp. ID38640 is able to produce, in addition to lydicamycins and deferroxiamines, as previously reported, also the lassopeptide ulleungdin, the non-ribosomal peptide antipain and the osmoprotectant ectoine. The corresponding biosynthetic gene clusters were readily identified in the strain genome. We also detected the known compound pyridindolol, for which we propose a previously unreported biosynthetic gene cluster, as well as three families of unknown metabolites. Remarkably, the levels of most metabolites varied strongly in the different mutant strains, an observation that enabled detection of metabolites unnoticed in the wild type. Systematic investigation of the accumulated metabolites in the ten different pum mutants identified shed further light on pseudouridimycin biosynthesis. We also show that several Streptomyces strains, able to produce pseudouridimycin, have distinct genetic relationship and metabolic profile with ID38640.
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55
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Wei Y, Ben‐zvi B, Diao T. Diastereoselective Synthesis of Aryl
C
‐Glycosides from Glycosyl Esters via C−O Bond Homolysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202014991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongliang Wei
- Chemistry Department New York University 100 Washington Square East New York NY 10003 USA
| | - Benjamin Ben‐zvi
- Chemistry Department New York University 100 Washington Square East New York NY 10003 USA
| | - Tianning Diao
- Chemistry Department New York University 100 Washington Square East New York NY 10003 USA
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56
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Ramesh D, Vijayakumar BG, Kannan T. Advances in Nucleoside and Nucleotide Analogues in Tackling Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Hepatitis Virus Infections. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:1403-1419. [PMID: 33427377 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nucleoside and nucleotide analogues are structurally similar antimetabolites and are promising small-molecule chemotherapeutic agents against various infectious DNA and RNA viruses. To date, these analogues have not been documented in-depth as anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and anti-hepatitis virus agents, these are at various stages of testing ranging from pre-clinical, to those withdrawn from trials, or those that are approved as drugs. Hence, in this review, the importance of these analogues in tackling HIV and hepatitis virus infections is discussed with a focus on the viral genome and the mechanism of action of these analogues, both in a mutually exclusive manner and their role in HIV/hepatitis coinfection. This review encompasses nucleoside and nucleotide analogues from 1987 onwards, starting with the first nucleoside analogue, zidovudine, and going on to those in current clinical trials and even the drugs that have been withdrawn. This review also sheds light on the prospects of these nucleoside analogues in clinical trials as a treatment option for the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepthi Ramesh
- Department of Chemistry, Pondicherry University, Kalapet, Puducherry, 605014, India
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57
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Drug Discovery of Nucleos(t)ide Antiviral Agents: Dedicated to Prof. Dr. Erik De Clercq on Occasion of His 80th Birthday. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26040923. [PMID: 33572409 PMCID: PMC7916218 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26040923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nucleoside and nucleotide analogues are essential antivirals in the treatment of infectious diseases such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), herpes simplex virus (HSV), varicella-zoster virus (VZV), and human cytomegalovirus (HCMV). To celebrate the 80th birthday of Prof. Dr. Erik De Clercq on 28 March 2021, this review provides an overview of his contributions to eight approved nucleos(t)ide drugs: (i) three adenosine nucleotide analogues, namely tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (Viread®) and tenofovir alafenamide (Vemlidy®) against HIV and HBV infections and adefovir dipivoxil (Hepsera®) against HBV infections; (ii) two thymidine nucleoside analogues, namely brivudine (Zostex®) against HSV-1 and VZV infections and stavudine (Zerit®) against HIV infections; (iii) two guanosine analogues, namely valacyclovir (Valtrex®, Zelitrex®) against HSV and VZV and rabacfosadine (Tanovea®-CA1) for the treatment of lymphoma in dogs; and (iv) one cytidine nucleotide analogue, namely cidofovir (Vistide®) for the treatment of HCMV retinitis in AIDS patients. Although adefovir dipivoxil, stavudine, and cidofovir are virtually discontinued for clinical use, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate and tenofovir alafenamide remain the most important antivirals against HIV and HBV infections worldwide. Overall, the broad-spectrum antiviral potential of nucleos(t)ide analogues supports their development to treat or prevent current and emerging infectious diseases worldwide.
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58
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Ghouilem J, Tran C, Grimblat N, Retailleau P, Alami M, Gandon V, Messaoudi S. Diastereoselective Pd-Catalyzed Anomeric C(sp3)–H Activation: Synthesis of α-(Hetero)aryl C-Glycosides. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c05052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juba Ghouilem
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, BioCIS, 92290, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Christine Tran
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, BioCIS, 92290, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Nicolas Grimblat
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire (LCM), CNRS UMR 9168, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, route de Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France
- Instituto de Química Rosario (IQUIR, CONICET-UNR) and Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531 S2002LRK, Rosario, República Argentina
| | - Pascal Retailleau
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301, Université Paris-Saclay, avenue de la terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Mouad Alami
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, BioCIS, 92290, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Vincent Gandon
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire (LCM), CNRS UMR 9168, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, route de Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, ICMMO, 91405, Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Samir Messaoudi
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, BioCIS, 92290, Châtenay-Malabry, France
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59
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Li F, Qu J. Synthesis of Aryl or Heteroaryl C-Nucleosides by Direct Coupling of a Carbohydrate Moiety with a Preformed Aglycon Unit. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202104032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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60
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De Clercq E. Perspectives for antivirals to limit SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19). MICROBIOLOGY AUSTRALIA 2021. [DOI: 10.1071/ma21013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Compared with vaccines, antivirals for curbing COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2 infection) have been developed at a much lower pace. Favipiravir has proven efficacious (in hamsters) but only at a very high dose which may not be feasible in humans. Remdesivir is the sole antiviral approved by the US FDA, but it has not been extensively evaluated for its safety. EIDD-1931 and EIDD-2801 have not been evaluated clinically. Mpro (protease) inhibitors likewise need to be subjected to clinical efficacy and safety studies. Remdesivir is a C-nucleoside and this class of compounds should be further evaluated. Polyanionic substances interfering with virus adsorption to the host cells have not been explored. They may possibly be administered by inhalation. Corticosteroids (such as dexamethasone), while virus-stimulating rather than inhibitory, may counteract the ‘cytokine storm’. Combination of (two or more of) the compounds mentioned above may offer an increased benefit through a synergistic interaction.
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61
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Zhang Y, Lin Y, Hou Q, Liu X, Pricl S, Peng L, Xia Y. Novel aryltriazole acyclic C-azanucleosides as anticancer candidates. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:9689-9699. [PMID: 33232421 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob02164d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Nucleoside analogues represent an important class of drug candidates. With the aim of searching for novel bioactive nucleosides, we developed an efficient synthetic way to construct a series of aryl 1,2,3-triazole acyclic C-azanucleosides via Huisgen 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition. The aryl 1,2,3-triazole motifs within these azanucleosides showed coplanar features, suggesting they could act as surrogates for large planar aromatic systems or nucleobases. Moreover, several aryltriazole acyclic C-azanucleosides bearing long alkyl chains exhibited potent antiproliferative activity against various cancer cell lines via induction of apoptosis. Most interestingly, the lead compound significantly down-regulated the key proteins involved in the heat shock response pathway, representing the first anticancer acyclic azanucleoside with such a mode of action. These novel aryl 1,2,3-triazole cyclic C-azanucleosides therefore serve as promising paradigms for further exploring anticancer drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhua Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China.
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62
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An efficient synthesis tetrazole and oxadiazole analogues of novel 2'-deoxy-C-nucleosides and their antitumor activity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:127612. [PMID: 33098969 PMCID: PMC7576186 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Various tetrazole and oxadiazole C-nucleoside analogues were synthesized starting from pure α- or β-glycosyl-cyanide. The synthesis of glycosyl-cyanide as key precursor was optimized on gram-scale to furnish crystalline starting material for the assembly of C-nucleosides. Oxadizole C-nucleosides were synthesized via two independent routes. First, the glycosyl-cyanide was converted into an amidoxime which upon ring closure offered an alternative pathway for the assembly of 1,2,4-oxadizoles in an efficient manner. Second, both anomers of glycosyl-cyanide were transformed into tetrazole nucleosides followed by acylative rearrangement to furnish 1,3,4-oxadiazoles in high yields. These protocols offer an easy access to otherwise difficult to synthesize C-nucleosides in good yield and protecting group compatibility. These C-nucleosides were evaluated for their antitumor activity. This work paves a path for facile assembly of library of new chemical entities useful for drug discovery.
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63
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Pfeiffer M, Nidetzky B. Reverse C-glycosidase reaction provides C-nucleotide building blocks of xenobiotic nucleic acids. Nat Commun 2020; 11:6270. [PMID: 33293530 PMCID: PMC7722734 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20035-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
C-Analogues of the canonical N-nucleosides have considerable importance in medicinal chemistry and are promising building blocks of xenobiotic nucleic acids (XNA) in synthetic biology. Although well established for synthesis of N-nucleosides, biocatalytic methods are lacking in C-nucleoside synthetic chemistry. Here, we identify pseudouridine monophosphate C-glycosidase for selective 5-β-C-glycosylation of uracil and derivatives thereof from pentose 5-phosphate (D-ribose, 2-deoxy-D-ribose, D-arabinose, D-xylose) substrates. Substrate requirements of the enzymatic reaction are consistent with a Mannich-like addition between the pyrimidine nucleobase and the iminium intermediate of enzyme (Lys166) and open-chain pentose 5-phosphate. β-Elimination of the lysine and stereoselective ring closure give the product. We demonstrate phosphorylation-glycosylation cascade reactions for efficient, one-pot synthesis of C-nucleoside phosphates (yield: 33 - 94%) from unprotected sugar and nucleobase. We show incorporation of the enzymatically synthesized C-nucleotide triphosphates into nucleic acids by RNA polymerase. Collectively, these findings implement biocatalytic methodology for C-nucleotide synthesis which can facilitate XNA engineering for synthetic biology applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Pfeiffer
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Petersgasse 12, 8010, Graz, Austria
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (acib), Petersgasse 14, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Bernd Nidetzky
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Petersgasse 12, 8010, Graz, Austria.
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (acib), Petersgasse 14, 8010, Graz, Austria.
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64
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Han J, Funk C, Eyberg J, Bailer S, Richert C. An AZT Analog with Strongly Pairing Ethynylpyridone Nucleobase and Its Antiviral Activity against HSV1. Chem Biodivers 2020; 18:e2000937. [PMID: 33270983 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202000937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Challenges resulting from novel viruses or new strains of known viruses call for new antiviral agents. Nucleoside analogs that act as inhibitors of viral polymerases are an attractive class of antivirals. For nucleosides containing thymine, base pairing is weak, making it desirable to identify nucleobase analogs that pair more strongly with adenine, in order to compete successfully with the natural substrate. We have recently described a new class of strongly binding thymidine analogs that contain an ethynylmethylpyridone as base and a C-nucleosidic linkage to the deoxyribose. Here we report the synthesis of the 3'-azido-2',3'-deoxyribose derivative of this compound, dubbed AZW, both as free nucleoside and as ProTide phosphoramidate. As a proof of principle, we studied the activity against Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV1). Whereas the ProTide phosphoramidate suffered from low solubility, the free nucleoside showed a stronger inhibitory effect than that of AZT in a plaque reduction assay. This suggests that strongly pairing C-nucleoside analogs of pyrimidines have the potential to become active pharmaceutical ingredients with antiviral activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyang Han
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, DE-70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Christina Funk
- Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB, DE-70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Juri Eyberg
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, DE-70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Susanne Bailer
- Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB, DE-70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Clemens Richert
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, DE-70569, Stuttgart, Germany
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65
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Bouton J, Van Calenbergh S, Hullaert J. Sydnone Ribosides as a Platform for the Synthesis of Pyrazole C-Nucleosides: A Unified Synthesis of Formycin B and Pyrazofurin. Org Lett 2020; 22:9287-9291. [PMID: 33210930 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c03523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The C-nucleoside natural products formycin B and pyrazofurin were synthesized in seven steps employing a sydnone riboside as common intermediate. Sydnone ribosides were synthesized via a direct Lewis acid catalyzed dehydrative glycosylation reaction. We demonstrated that these can be used for the diversity-oriented synthesis of pyrazole C-nucleoside analogues via thermal 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions with various alkynes, giving access to the pyrazole C-nucleoside natural products, as well as opening new avenues for exploring nucleoside chemical space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Bouton
- Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Serge Van Calenbergh
- Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jan Hullaert
- Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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66
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Felicetti T, Manfroni G, Cecchetti V, Cannalire R. Broad-Spectrum Flavivirus Inhibitors: a Medicinal Chemistry Point of View. ChemMedChem 2020; 15:2391-2419. [PMID: 32961008 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Infections by flaviviruses, such as Dengue, West Nile, Yellow Fever and Zika viruses, represent a growing risk for global health. There are vaccines only for few flaviviruses while no effective treatments are available. Flaviviruses share epidemiological, structural, and ecologic features and often different viruses can co-infect the same host. Therefore, the identification of broad-spectrum inhibitors is highly desirable either for known flaviviruses or for viruses that likely will emerge in the future. Strategies targeting both virus and host factors have been pursued to identify broad-spectrum antiflaviviral agents. In this review, we describe the most promising and best characterized targets and their relative broad-spectrum inhibitors, identified by drug repurposing/libraries screenings and by focused medicinal chemistry campaigns. Finally, we discuss about future strategies to identify new broad-spectrum antiflavivirus agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Felicetti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, via del Liceo 1, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Manfroni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, via del Liceo 1, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Violetta Cecchetti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, via del Liceo 1, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Rolando Cannalire
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli "Federico II", via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Napoli, Italy
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67
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Meanwell M, Silverman SM, Lehmann J, Adluri B, Wang Y, Cohen R, Campeau LC, Britton R. A short de novo synthesis of nucleoside analogs. Science 2020; 369:725-730. [PMID: 32764073 DOI: 10.1126/science.abb3231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nucleoside analogs are commonly used in the treatment of cancer and viral infections. Their syntheses benefit from decades of research but are often protracted, unamenable to diversification, and reliant on a limited pool of chiral carbohydrate starting materials. We present a process for rapidly constructing nucleoside analogs from simple achiral materials. Using only proline catalysis, heteroaryl-substituted acetaldehydes are fluorinated and then directly engaged in enantioselective aldol reactions in a one-pot reaction. A subsequent intramolecular fluoride displacement reaction provides a functionalized nucleoside analog. The versatility of this process is highlighted in multigram syntheses of d- or l-nucleoside analogs, locked nucleic acids, iminonucleosides, and C2'- and C4'-modified nucleoside analogs. This de novo synthesis creates opportunities for the preparation of diversity libraries and will support efforts in both drug discovery and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Meanwell
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Steven M Silverman
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Johannes Lehmann
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | | | - Yang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Ryan Cohen
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Louis-Charles Campeau
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Robert Britton
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada.
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68
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Wang Q, Duan J, Tang P, Chen G, He G. Synthesis of non-classical heteroaryl C-glycosides via Minisci-type alkylation of N-heteroarenes with 4-glycosyl-dihydropyridines. Sci China Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-020-9813-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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69
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Lv W, Chen Y, Wen S, Ba D, Cheng G. Modular and Stereoselective Synthesis of C-Aryl Glycosides via Catellani Reaction. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:14864-14870. [PMID: 32808778 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c07634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we describe a Catellani-type C-H glycosylation to provide rapid access to various highly decorated α-C-(hetero)aryl glycosides in a modular and stereoselective manner (>90 examples). The termination step is flexible, which is demonstrated by ipso-Heck reaction, hydrogenation, Suzuki coupling, and Sonogashira coupling. Application of this methodology has been showcased by preparing glycoside-pharmacophore conjugates and a dapagliflozin analogue. Notably, the technology developed herein represents an unprecedented example of Catellani-type alkylation involving an SN1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Lv
- College of Materials Science & Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Yanhui Chen
- College of Materials Science & Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Si Wen
- College of Materials Science & Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Dan Ba
- College of Materials Science & Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Guolin Cheng
- College of Materials Science & Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
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70
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Li Q, Groaz E, Persoons L, Daelemans D, Herdewijn P. Synthesis and Antitumor Activity of C-7-Alkynylated and Arylated Pyrrolotriazine C-Ribonucleosides. ACS Med Chem Lett 2020; 11:1605-1610. [PMID: 32832030 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.0c00269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of biologically active nucleoside analogues contain the adenine isostere 4-amino-pyrrolo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazine connected to various sugar moieties through a C-C anomeric linkage. We employed palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling chemistry to promptly functionalize the 7-position of such a heterocyclic scaffold with various alkynyl and aryl groups starting from a common 7-iodo-pyrrolotriazine C-ribonucleoside intermediate. Analogues bearing a 7-cyclopropyl-, 7-propyl-, and 7-butylacetylene moiety displayed potent cytotoxic activity, with the latest being the most selective of this series toward cancer cells. Further insights revealed that such C-nucleosides could exert their antiproliferative action by causing dose-dependent DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingfeng Li
- Medicinal Chemistry, KU Leuven, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Herestraat 49−box
1041, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Elisabetta Groaz
- Medicinal Chemistry, KU Leuven, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Herestraat 49−box
1041, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Leentje Persoons
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, KU Leuven, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Herestraat 49−box 1043, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dirk Daelemans
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, KU Leuven, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Herestraat 49−box 1043, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Piet Herdewijn
- Medicinal Chemistry, KU Leuven, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Herestraat 49−box
1041, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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71
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin J Miller
- Lennard-Jones Laboratory, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK.
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72
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Fortuna A, Costa PJ, Piedade MFM, Conceição Oliveira M, Xavier NM. Synthesis of Triazole-Containing Furanosyl Nucleoside Analogues and Their Phosphate, Phosphoramidate or Phoshonate Derivatives as Potential Sugar Diphosphate or Nucleotide Mimetics. Chempluschem 2020; 85:1676-1691. [PMID: 32757384 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202000424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of stable and potentially bioactive xylofuranosyl nucleoside analogues and potential sugar diphosphate or nucleotide mimetics comprising a 1,2,3-triazole moiety is reported. 3'-O-Methyl-branched N-benzyltriazole isonucleosides were accessed in 5-7 steps and 42-54 % overall yields using a Cu(I)-catalyzed cycloaddition of 3-O-propargyl-1,2-O-isopropylidene-α-D-xylofuranose with benzyl azide as key step. Related isonucleotides were obtained by 5-O-phosphorylation of acetonide-protected 3-O-propargyl xylofuranose and further "click" cycloaddition or by Staudinger-phosphite reaction of a 5-azido N-benzyltriazole isonucleoside. Hydroxy-, amino- or bromomethyl triazole 5'-isonucleosides were synthesized by thermal cycloaddition of 5-azido 3-O-benzyl/dodecyl xylofuranoses with propargyl alcohol, propargylamine or propargyl bromide. Better yields (82-85 %) were obtained when using propargyl alcohol and a high 1,4-regioselectivity was attained with propargyl bromide. Further O/N-phosphorylation or Arbuzov reaction led to (triazolyl)methyl phosphates, phosphoramidates or phosphonates. The latter were converted into uracil nucleoside 5'-(triazolyl)methyl phosphonates as prospective nucleoside diphosphate mimetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia Fortuna
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Ed. C8, 5° Piso, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal.,University of Lisboa, Faculty of Sciences, BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Campo Grande, C8 bdg, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Paulo J Costa
- University of Lisboa, Faculty of Sciences, BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Campo Grande, C8 bdg, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - M Fátima M Piedade
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Ed. C8, 5° Piso, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal.,Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - M Conceição Oliveira
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Nuno M Xavier
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Ed. C8, 5° Piso, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal
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73
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Miao M, Jing X, De Clercq E, Li G. Danoprevir for the Treatment of Hepatitis C Virus Infection: Design, Development, and Place in Therapy. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2020; 14:2759-2774. [PMID: 32764876 PMCID: PMC7368560 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s254754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
On June 8, 2018, an NS3/4A protease inhibitor called danoprevir was approved in China to treat the infections of HCV genotype (GT) 1b – the most common HCV genotype worldwide. Based on phase 2 and 3 clinical trials, the 12-week regimen of ritonavir-boosted danoprevir (danoprevir/r) plus peginterferon alpha-2a and ribavirin offered 97.1% (200/206) of sustained virologic response at post-treatment week 12 (SVR12) in treatment-naïve non-cirrhotic patients infected with HCV genotype 1b. Adverse events such as anemia, fatigue, fever, and headache were associated with the inclusion of peginterferon alpha-2a and ribavirin in the danoprevir-based regimen. Moreover, drug resistance to danoprevir could be traced to amino acid substitutions (Q80K/R, R155K, D168A/E/H/N/T/V) near the drug-binding pocket of HCV NS3 protease. Despite its approval, the clinical use of danoprevir is currently limited to its combination with peginterferon alpha-2a and ribavirin, thereby driving its development towards interferon-free, ribavirin-free regimens with improved tolerability and adherence. In the foreseeable future, pan-genotypic direct-acting antivirals with better clinical efficacy and less adverse events will be available to treat HCV infections worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Miao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, People's Republic of China
| | - Xixi Jing
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, People's Republic of China
| | - Erik De Clercq
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Guangdi Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, People's Republic of China
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74
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Gao S, Radadiya A, Li W, Liu H, Zhu W, de Crécy-Lagard V, Richards NGJ, Naismith JH. Uncovering the chemistry of C-C bond formation in C-nucleoside biosynthesis: crystal structure of a C-glycoside synthase/PRPP complex. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:7617-7620. [PMID: 32515440 PMCID: PMC8183095 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc02834g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The enzyme ForT catalyzes C-C bond formation between 5'-phosphoribosyl-1'-pyrophosphate (PRPP) and 4-amino-1H-pyrazole-3,5-dicarboxylate to make a key intermediate in the biosynthesis of formycin A 5'-phosphate by Streptomyces kaniharaensis. We report the 2.5 Å resolution structure of the ForT/PRPP complex and locate active site residues critical for PRPP recognition and catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisi Gao
- Research Complex at Harwell, Didcot, OX11 0FA, UK and BSRC, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Ashish Radadiya
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Wenbo Li
- Division of Structural Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK.
| | - Huanting Liu
- BSRC, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Wen Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | | | - Nigel G J Richards
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK and Foundation for Applied Molecular Evolution, Alachua, FL 32615, USA
| | - James H Naismith
- Division of Structural Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK. and The Rosalind Franklin Institute, Didcot, OX11 0FA, UK
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75
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Studies on saccharide benzimidazoles: 2-(β-D-gulofuranosyl)benzimidazole and 2-(β-D-glucofuranosyl)benzimidazole C-nucleoside analogs; synthesis, anomeric configuration and antifouling potency. Carbohydr Res 2020; 496:108073. [PMID: 32818707 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2020.108073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
A series of acyclic 2-(D-gulo-) and 2-(D-gluco-)benzimidazole C-nucloside analogs have been prepared by condensation of o-phenylenediamine dihydrochloride derivatives with D-gulonic acid-γ-lactone and D-gluconic acid-γ-lactone, separately. Acid catalyzed dehydrative cyclization of the acyclic benzimidazole C-nucleoside afforded the corresponding 2-(β-D-gulo-) and 2-(β-D-gluco-)furanosyl benzimidazole C-nucleoside analogs. The structure and the anomeric configuration of C-nucleoside analogs obtained were determined by periodate oxidation, 1H NMR, UV and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. The antifouling property of C-nucleoside analogs has been studied using antibacterial biofilm test. 2-(D-gulo-) and 2-(D-gluco-)benzimidazole analogs were useful for inhibiting marine bacterial growth and did not cause any bad effect to the surrounding seawater.
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76
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Paudel RR, Ridenour JN, Rath NP, Spilling CD. Synthesis of Phosphonomethyl Tetrahydrofurans via the Mori-Tamaru Reaction of Phosphonodienes. Org Lett 2020; 22:3830-3834. [PMID: 32330059 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c01080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Nickel-catalyzed reductive addition of phosphonodienes to aldehydes (the Mori-Tamaru reaction) gives hydroxy vinyl phosphonates in good yields with excellent control of the relative stereochemistry. Base-induced cyclization of the vinyl phosphonates yields phosphonomethyl-substituted tetrahydrofurans. Inversion of the hydroxyl stereochemistry by Mitsunobu reaction and then cyclization yields a different set of phosphonomethyl-substituted tetrahydrofuran diastereoisomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishi R Paudel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri-St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, United States
| | - Jeremy N Ridenour
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri-St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, United States
| | - Nigam P Rath
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri-St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, United States
| | - Christopher D Spilling
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri-St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, United States
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77
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Bhilare S, Shet H, Sanghvi YS, Kapdi AR. Discovery, Synthesis, and Scale-up of Efficient Palladium Catalysts Useful for the Modification of Nucleosides and Heteroarenes. Molecules 2020; 25:E1645. [PMID: 32260100 PMCID: PMC7181029 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25071645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nucleic acid derivatives are imperative biomolecules and are involved in life governing processes. The chemical modification of nucleic acid is a fascinating area for researchers due to the potential activity exhibited as antiviral and antitumor agents. In addition, these molecules are also of interest toward conducting useful biochemical, pharmaceutical, and mutagenic study. For accessing such synthetically useful structures and features, transition-metal catalyzed processes have been proven over the years to be an excellent tool for carrying out the various transformations with ease and under mild reaction conditions. Amidst various transition-metal catalyzed processes available for nucleoside modification, Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions have proven to be perhaps the most efficient, successful, and broadly applicable reactions in both academia and industry. Pd-catalyzed C-C and C-heteroatom bond forming reactions have been widely used for the modification of the heterocyclic moiety in the nucleosides, although a single catalyst system that could address all the different requirements for nucleoside modifications isvery rare or non-existent. With this in mind, we present herein a review showcasing the recent developments and improvements from our research groups toward the development of Pd-catalyzed strategies including drug synthesis using a single efficient catalyst system for the modification of nucleosides and other heterocycles. The review also highlights the improvement in conditions or the yield of various bio-active nucleosides or commercial drugs possessing the nucleoside structural core. Scale ups wherever performed (up to 100 g) of molecules of commercial importance have also been disclosed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shatrughn Bhilare
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Road, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India;
| | - Harshita Shet
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology-Indian Oil Odisha Campus, IIT Kharagpur Extension Centre, MouzaSamantpuri, Bhubaneswar 751013, Odisha, India;
| | - Yogesh S. Sanghvi
- Rasayan Inc., 2802, Crystal Ridge Road, Encinitas, CA 92024-6615, USA;
| | - Anant R. Kapdi
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Road, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India;
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology-Indian Oil Odisha Campus, IIT Kharagpur Extension Centre, MouzaSamantpuri, Bhubaneswar 751013, Odisha, India;
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78
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Identification and Characterization of Novel Compounds with Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Activity against Influenza A and B Viruses. J Virol 2020; 94:JVI.02149-19. [PMID: 31941776 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02149-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza A (IAV) and influenza B (IBV) viruses are highly contagious pathogens that cause fatal respiratory disease every year, with high economic impact. In addition, IAV can cause pandemic infections with great consequences when new viruses are introduced into humans. In this study, we evaluated 10 previously described compounds with antiviral activity against mammarenaviruses for their ability to inhibit IAV infection using our recently described bireporter influenza A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (PR8) H1N1 (BIRFLU). Among the 10 tested compounds, eight (antimycin A [AmA], brequinar [BRQ], 6-azauridine, azaribine, pyrazofurin [PF], AVN-944, mycophenolate mofetil [MMF], and mycophenolic acid [MPA]), but not obatoclax or Osu-03012, showed potent anti-influenza virus activity under posttreatment conditions [median 50% effective concentration (EC50) = 3.80 nM to 1.73 μM; selective index SI for 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, >28.90 to 13,157.89]. AmA, 6-azauridine, azaribine, and PF also showed potent inhibitory effect in pretreatment (EC50 = 0.14 μM to 0.55 μM; SI-MTT = 70.12 to >357.14) or cotreatment (EC50 = 34.69 nM to 7.52 μM; SI-MTT = 5.24 to > 1,441.33) settings. All of the compounds tested inhibited viral genome replication and gene transcription, and none of them affected host cellular RNA polymerase II activities. The antiviral activity of the eight identified compounds against BIRFLU was further confirmed with seasonal IAVs (A/California/04/2009 H1N1 and A/Wyoming/3/2003 H3N2) and an IBV (B/Brisbane/60/2008, Victoria lineage), demonstrating their broad-spectrum prophylactic and therapeutic activity against currently circulating influenza viruses in humans. Together, our results identified a new set of antiviral compounds for the potential treatment of influenza viral infections.IMPORTANCE Influenza viruses are highly contagious pathogens and are a major threat to human health. Vaccination remains the most effective tool to protect humans against influenza infection. However, vaccination does not always guarantee complete protection against drifted or, more noticeably, shifted influenza viruses. Although U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) drugs are approved for the treatment of influenza infections, influenza viruses resistant to current FDA antivirals have been reported and continue to emerge. Therefore, there is an urgent need to find novel antivirals for the treatment of influenza viral infections in humans, a search that could be expedited by repurposing currently approved drugs. In this study, we assessed the influenza antiviral activity of 10 compounds previously shown to inhibit mammarenavirus infection. Among them, eight drugs showed antiviral activities, providing a new battery of drugs that could be used for the treatment of influenza infections.
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79
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Santos NE, Carreira AR, Silva VLM, Braga SS. Natural and Biomimetic Antitumor Pyrazoles, A Perspective. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 25:molecules25061364. [PMID: 32192149 PMCID: PMC7144110 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25061364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The present review presents an overview of antitumor pyrazoles of natural or bioinspired origins. Pyrazole compounds are relatively rare in nature, the first ones having been reported in 1966 and being essentially used as somniferous drugs. Cytotoxic pyrazoles of natural sources were first isolated in 1969, and a few others have been reported since then, most of them in the last decade. This paper presents a perspective on the current knowledge on antitumor natural pyrazoles, organized into two sections. The first focuses on the three known families of cytotoxic pyrazoles that were directly isolated from plants, for which the knowledge of the medicinal properties is in its infancy. The second section describes pyrazole derivatives of natural products, discussing their structure–activity relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nádia E. Santos
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
- Correspondence: (N.E.S.); (S.S.B.)
| | - Ana R.F. Carreira
- CICECO–Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - Vera L. M. Silva
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - Susana Santos Braga
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
- Correspondence: (N.E.S.); (S.S.B.)
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80
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Li Q, Groaz E, Rocha-Pereira J, Neyts J, Herdewijn P. Anti-norovirus activity of C7-modified 4-amino-pyrrolo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazine C-nucleosides. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 195:112198. [PMID: 32294613 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic nucleoside analogues characterized by a C-C anomeric linkage form a family of promising therapeutics against infectious and malignant diseases. Herein, C-nucleosides comprising structural variations at the sugar and nucleobase moieties were examined for their ability to inhibit both murine and human norovirus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). We have found that the combination of 4-amino-pyrrolo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazine and its 7-halogenated congeners with either a d-ribose or 2'-C-methyl-d-ribose unit resulted in analogues with good antiviral activity against murine norovirus (MNV), albeit coupled with a significant cytotoxicity. Among this series, 4-aza-7,9-dideazaadenosine notably retained a strong antiviral effect in a human norovirus (HuNoV) replicon assay with an EC50 = 0.015 μM. This study demonstrates that C-nucleosides can be used as viable starting scaffolds for further optimization towards the development of nucleoside-based inhibitors of norovirus replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingfeng Li
- KU Leuven, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Medicinal Chemistry, Herestraat 49 - Box 1041, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Elisabetta Groaz
- KU Leuven, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Medicinal Chemistry, Herestraat 49 - Box 1041, Leuven, 3000, Belgium.
| | - Joana Rocha-Pereira
- KU Leuven, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Herestraat 49 - Box 1041, Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Johan Neyts
- KU Leuven, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Herestraat 49 - Box 1041, Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Piet Herdewijn
- KU Leuven, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Medicinal Chemistry, Herestraat 49 - Box 1041, Leuven, 3000, Belgium.
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81
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Comparative Investigation into Formycin A and Pyrazofurin A Biosynthesis Reveals Branch Pathways for the Construction of C-Nucleoside Scaffolds. Appl Environ Microbiol 2020; 86:AEM.01971-19. [PMID: 31676476 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01971-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Formycin A (FOR-A) and pyrazofurin A (PRF-A) are purine-related C-nucleoside antibiotics in which ribose and a pyrazole-derived base are linked by a C-glycosidic bond. However, the logic underlying the biosynthesis of these molecules has remained largely unexplored. Here, we report the discovery of the pathways for FOR-A and PRF-A biosynthesis from diverse actinobacteria and propose that their biosynthesis is likely initiated by a lysine N 6-monooxygenase. Moreover, we show that forT and prfT (involved in FOR-A and PRF-A biosynthesis, respectively) mutants are correspondingly capable of accumulating the unexpected pyrazole-related intermediates 4-amino-3,5-dicarboxypyrazole and 3,5-dicarboxy-4-oxo-4,5-dihydropyrazole. We also decipher the enzymatic mechanism of ForT/PrfT for C-glycosidic bond formation in FOR-A/PRF-A biosynthesis. To our knowledge, ForT/PrfT represents an example of β-RFA-P (β-ribofuranosyl-aminobenzene 5'-phosphate) synthase-like enzymes governing C-nucleoside scaffold construction in natural product biosynthesis. These data establish a foundation for combinatorial biosynthesis of related purine nucleoside antibiotics and also open the way for target-directed genome mining of PRF-A/FOR-A-related antibiotics.IMPORTANCE FOR-A and PRF-A are C-nucleoside antibiotics known for their unusual chemical structures and remarkable biological activities. Deciphering the enzymatic mechanism for the construction of a C-nucleoside scaffold during FOR-A/PRF-A biosynthesis will not only expand the biochemical repertoire for novel enzymatic reactions but also permit target-oriented genome mining of FOR-A/PRF-A-related C-nucleoside antibiotics. Moreover, the availability of FOR-A/PRF-A biosynthetic gene clusters will pave the way for the rational generation of designer FOR-A/PRF-A derivatives with enhanced/selective bioactivity via synthetic biology strategies.
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82
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Zhang M, Xue F, Ou J, Huang Y, Lu F, Zhou B, Zheng Z, Liu XY, Zhong W, Qin Y. Practical synthesis of immucillins BCX-1777 and BCX-4430. Org Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo01026j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A practical synthesis of the immucillins BCX-1777 and BCX-4430 has been described.
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83
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Chabour I, Nájera C, Sansano JM. Diastereoselective multicomponent phosphoramidate-aldehyde-dienophile (PAD) process for the synthesis of polysubstituted cyclohex-2-enyl-amine derivatives. Tetrahedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2019.130801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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84
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Xu LY, Fan NL, Hu XG. Recent development in the synthesis of C-glycosides involving glycosyl radicals. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:5095-5109. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ob00711k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
C-Glycosylation involving glycosyl radical intermediates is a particularly effective approach to access C-glycosides, which are core units of a great number of natural products, bioactive compounds and marketed drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Yi Xu
- National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis
- Jiangxi Normal University
- Nanchang
- China
- Key Laboratory of Small Functional Organic Molecule
| | - Nai-Li Fan
- National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis
- Jiangxi Normal University
- Nanchang
- China
| | - Xiang-Guo Hu
- National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis
- Jiangxi Normal University
- Nanchang
- China
- Key Laboratory of Small Functional Organic Molecule
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85
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Abstract
We highlighted the discovery process, preparation techniques, broad-spectrum activities, antiviral mechanism, and future perspectives of GS-5734.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonglei Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Qufu Normal University
- Qufu 273165
- China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Liyan Yang
- School of Physics and Engineering
- Qufu Normal University
- Qufu 273165
- China
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86
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Sabat N, Migianu-Griffoni E, Tudela T, Lecouvey M, Kellouche S, Carreiras F, Gallier F, Uziel J, Lubin-Germain N. Synthesis and antitumor activities investigation of a C-nucleoside analogue of ribavirin. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 188:112009. [PMID: 31883488 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.112009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
SRO-91 is a non-natural ribofuranosyl-1,2,3-triazole C-nucleoside obtained by a synthetic sequence involving a C-alkynyl glycosylation mediated by metallic indium and a Huisgen cycloaddition for the construction of the triazole. Its structure is close to the one of ribavirin, a drug presenting a broad-spectrum against viral infections. SRO-91 antitumor activities were investigated on 9 strains of tumor cells and IC50 of the order of 1 μM were obtained on A431 epidermoid carcinoma cells and B16F10 skin melanoma cells. In addition, studies of ovarian tumor cell inhibitions show an interesting activity in regard to the need for new drugs for this pathology. Finally, cytotoxicity and mouse toxicity studies reveal a favorable therapeutic index for SRO-91.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazarii Sabat
- Laboratoire de Chimie Biologique, University of Cergy-Pontoise, 5 mail Gay-Lussac, 95031, Cergy-Pontoise, France
| | - Evelyne Migianu-Griffoni
- Université; Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire de Chimie, Structure, Propriétés de Biomatériaux et d'Agents Thérapeutiques (CSPBAT), CNRS UMR 7244, 74, rue Marcel, Cachin, F-93017, Bobigny, France
| | - Tiffany Tudela
- Equipe de Recherche sur les Relations Matrice Extracellulaire-Cellules, ERRMECe (EA1391), Institut des Matériaux, I-MAT (FD4122), University of Cergy-Pontoise, MIR, rue Descartes, 95031, Neuville sur Oise Cedex, France
| | - Marc Lecouvey
- Université; Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire de Chimie, Structure, Propriétés de Biomatériaux et d'Agents Thérapeutiques (CSPBAT), CNRS UMR 7244, 74, rue Marcel, Cachin, F-93017, Bobigny, France
| | - Sabrina Kellouche
- Equipe de Recherche sur les Relations Matrice Extracellulaire-Cellules, ERRMECe (EA1391), Institut des Matériaux, I-MAT (FD4122), University of Cergy-Pontoise, MIR, rue Descartes, 95031, Neuville sur Oise Cedex, France
| | - Franck Carreiras
- Equipe de Recherche sur les Relations Matrice Extracellulaire-Cellules, ERRMECe (EA1391), Institut des Matériaux, I-MAT (FD4122), University of Cergy-Pontoise, MIR, rue Descartes, 95031, Neuville sur Oise Cedex, France
| | - Florian Gallier
- Laboratoire de Chimie Biologique, University of Cergy-Pontoise, 5 mail Gay-Lussac, 95031, Cergy-Pontoise, France
| | - Jacques Uziel
- Laboratoire de Chimie Biologique, University of Cergy-Pontoise, 5 mail Gay-Lussac, 95031, Cergy-Pontoise, France
| | - Nadège Lubin-Germain
- Laboratoire de Chimie Biologique, University of Cergy-Pontoise, 5 mail Gay-Lussac, 95031, Cergy-Pontoise, France.
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87
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Kojić V, Popsavin M, Spaić S, Jakimov D, Kovačević I, Svirčev M, Aleksić L, Zelenović BS, Popsavin V. Structure based design, synthesis and in vitro antitumour activity of tiazofurin stereoisomers with nitrogen functions at the C-2' or C-3' positions. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 183:111712. [PMID: 31557614 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Three novel tiazofurin analogues having d-arabino stereochemistry and nitrogen functionalities at the C-2' position (5-7) have been designed and synthesized in multistep sequences, starting from d-glucose. The known d-xylo stereoisomer of 1 (compound 2) along with two new analogues bearing nitrogen functions at the C-3' (3 and 4) has also been synthesized from the same sugar precursor. The synthetic sequence consisted of the following three stages: (i) the multistep synthesis of suitably protected pentofuranosyl cyanides, (ii) the construction of ethyl thiazole-4-carboxylate part by cyclocondensation of thus obtained glycofuranosyl cyanides with l-cysteine ethyl ester followed by dehydrogenation, and (iii) the final transformation of the ethyl thiazole-4-carboxylates into the target tiazofurin analogues using the esters ammonolysis. The tiazofurin analogues were evaluated for their antitumour activities in cell-culture-based assays. Compounds 3, 4 (d-xylo) and 7 (d-arabino), showed remarkable antitumour activities, with IC50 values in the range of 4-7 nM. Preliminary structure-activity relationship allowed identification of two analogues with antiproliferative activities exceeding that of the parent compound 1 for several orders of magnitude (e.g. 4: 1354-fold against Raji, 7: 309-fold against K562). Flow cytometry data and Western blot analysis suggested that cytotoxic effects of d-xylo stereoisomers in the culture of K562 cells caused changes in the cell cycle distribution, as well as the induction of apoptosis in caspase-dependent way. The increase of apoptotic cells percentage in treated samples is also confirmed with fluorescent double-staining method. Genotoxicity testing showed that the analogues with the xylo-configuration (2-4) are far less genotoxic than tiazofurin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vesna Kojić
- Oncology Institute of Vojvodina, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Put Dr Goldmana 4, 21204, Sremska Kamenica, Serbia
| | - Mirjana Popsavin
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, Novi Sad, Serbia.
| | - Saša Spaić
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Dimitar Jakimov
- Oncology Institute of Vojvodina, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Put Dr Goldmana 4, 21204, Sremska Kamenica, Serbia
| | - Ivana Kovačević
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Miloš Svirčev
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Lidija Aleksić
- Oncology Institute of Vojvodina, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Put Dr Goldmana 4, 21204, Sremska Kamenica, Serbia
| | - Bojana Srećo Zelenović
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Velimir Popsavin
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, Novi Sad, Serbia; Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Knez Mihajlova 35, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
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88
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De Clercq E. New Nucleoside Analogues for the Treatment of Hemorrhagic Fever Virus Infections. Chem Asian J 2019; 14:3962-3968. [PMID: 31389664 PMCID: PMC7159701 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201900841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Eight different compounds, all nucleoside analogues, could presently be considered as potential drug candidates for the treatment of Ebola virus (EBOV) and/or other hemorrhagic fever virus (HFV) infections. They can be considered as either (i) adenine analogues (3-deazaneplanocin A, galidesivir, GS-6620 and remdesivir) or (ii) guanine analogues containing the carboxamide entity (ribavirin, EICAR, pyrazofurin and favipiravir). All eight owe their mechanism of action to hydrogen bonded base pairing with either (i) uracil or (ii) cytosine. Four out of the eight compounds (galidesivir, GS-6620, remdesivir and pyrazofurin) are C-nucleosides, and two of them (GS-6620, remdesivir) also contain a phosphoramidate part. The C-nucleoside and phosphoramidate (and for the adenine analogues the 1'-cyano group as well) may be considered as essential attributes for their antiviral activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik De Clercq
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and TransplantationRega Institute for Medical Research, KU LeuvenHerestraat 493000LeuvenBelgium
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89
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Ren D, Wang S, Ko Y, Geng Y, Ogasawara Y, Liu H. Identification of the
C
‐Glycoside Synthases during Biosynthesis of the Pyrazole‐
C
‐Nucleosides Formycin and Pyrazofurin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201910356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daan Ren
- Department of Chemistry and Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry College of Pharmacy University of Texas at Austin Austin TX 78712 USA
| | - Shao‐An Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry College of Pharmacy University of Texas at Austin Austin TX 78712 USA
| | - Yeonjin Ko
- Department of Chemistry and Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry College of Pharmacy University of Texas at Austin Austin TX 78712 USA
| | - Yujie Geng
- Department of Chemistry and Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry College of Pharmacy University of Texas at Austin Austin TX 78712 USA
| | - Yasushi Ogasawara
- Department of Chemistry and Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry College of Pharmacy University of Texas at Austin Austin TX 78712 USA
- Current address: Graduate School of Engineering Sapporo Hokkaido 060-8628 Japan
| | - Hung‐wen Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry College of Pharmacy University of Texas at Austin Austin TX 78712 USA
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90
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Ren D, Wang SA, Ko Y, Geng Y, Ogasawara Y, Liu HW. Identification of the C-Glycoside Synthases during Biosynthesis of the Pyrazole-C-Nucleosides Formycin and Pyrazofurin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:16512-16516. [PMID: 31518483 PMCID: PMC6911263 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201910356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
C-Nucleosides are characterized by a C-C rather than a C-N linkage between the heterocyclic base and the ribofuranose ring. While the biosynthesis of pseudouridine-C-nucleosides has been studied, less is known about the pyrazole-C-nucleosides such as the formycins and pyrazofurin. Herein, genome screening of Streptomyces candidus NRRL 3601 led to the discovery of the pyrazofurin biosynthetic gene cluster pyf. In vitro characterization of gene product PyfQ demonstrated that it is able to catalyze formation of the C-glycoside carboxyhydroxypyrazole ribonucleotide (CHPR) from 4-hydroxy-1H-pyrazole-3,5-dicarboxylic acid and phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate (PRPP). Similarly, ForT, the PyfQ homologue in the formycin pathway, can catalyze the coupling of 4-amino-1H-pyrazole-3,5-dicarboxylic acid and PRPP to form carboxyaminopyrazole ribonucleotide. Finally, PyfP and PyfT are shown to catalyze amidation of CHPR to pyrazofurin 5'-phosphate thereby establishing the latter stages of both pyrazofurin and formycin biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yeonjin Ko
- Department of Chemistry and Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712 (USA)
| | - Yujie Geng
- Department of Chemistry and Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712 (USA)
| | | | - Hung-wen Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712 (USA)
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91
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Synthesis of a Threosyl-C-nucleoside Phosphonate. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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92
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93
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An E460D Substitution in the NS5 Protein of Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus Confers Resistance to the Inhibitor Galidesivir (BCX4430) and Also Attenuates the Virus for Mice. J Virol 2019; 93:JVI.00367-19. [PMID: 31142664 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00367-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The adenosine analogue galidesivir (BCX4430), a broad-spectrum RNA virus inhibitor, has entered a phase 1 clinical safety and pharmacokinetics study in healthy subjects and is under clinical development for treatment of Ebola and yellow fever virus infections. Moreover, galidesivir also inhibits the reproduction of tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) and numerous other medically important flaviviruses. Until now, studies of this antiviral agent have not yielded resistant viruses. Here, we demonstrate that an E460D substitution in the active site of TBEV RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) confers resistance to galidesivir in cell culture. Galidesivir-resistant TBEV exhibited no cross-resistance to structurally different antiviral nucleoside analogues, such as 7-deaza-2'-C-methyladenosine, 2'-C-methyladenosine, and 4'-azido-aracytidine. Although the E460D substitution led to only a subtle decrease in viral fitness in cell culture, galidesivir-resistant TBEV was highly attenuated in vivo, with a 100% survival rate and no clinical signs observed in infected mice. Furthermore, no virus was detected in the sera, spleen, or brain of mice inoculated with the galidesivir-resistant TBEV. Our results contribute to understanding the molecular basis of galidesivir antiviral activity, flavivirus resistance to nucleoside inhibitors, and the potential contribution of viral RdRp to flavivirus neurovirulence.IMPORTANCE Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is a pathogen that causes severe human neuroinfections in Europe and Asia and for which there is currently no specific therapy. We have previously found that galidesivir (BCX4430), a broad-spectrum RNA virus inhibitor, which is under clinical development for treatment of Ebola and yellow fever virus infections, has a strong antiviral effect against TBEV. For any antiviral drug, it is important to generate drug-resistant mutants to understand how the drug works. Here, we produced TBEV mutants resistant to galidesivir and found that the resistance is caused by a single amino acid substitution in an active site of the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, an enzyme which is crucial for replication of the viral RNA genome. Although this substitution led only to a subtle decrease in viral fitness in cell culture, galidesivir-resistant TBEV was highly attenuated in a mouse model. Our results contribute to understanding the molecular basis of galidesivir antiviral activity.
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94
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de Robichon M, Bordessa A, Lubin-Germain N, Ferry A. “CO” as a Carbon Bridge to Build Complex C2-Branched Glycosides Using a Palladium-Catalyzed Carbonylative Suzuki–Miyaura Reaction from 2-Iodoglycals. J Org Chem 2019; 84:3328-3339. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b03248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Morgane de Robichon
- Laboratoire de Chimie Biologique (LCB), Université de Cergy-Pontoise, EA 4505, 5 Mail Gay-Lussac, 95031 Cergy-Pontoise Cedex, France
| | - Andrea Bordessa
- Laboratoire de Chimie Biologique (LCB), Université de Cergy-Pontoise, EA 4505, 5 Mail Gay-Lussac, 95031 Cergy-Pontoise Cedex, France
| | - Nadège Lubin-Germain
- Laboratoire de Chimie Biologique (LCB), Université de Cergy-Pontoise, EA 4505, 5 Mail Gay-Lussac, 95031 Cergy-Pontoise Cedex, France
| | - Angélique Ferry
- Laboratoire de Chimie Biologique (LCB), Université de Cergy-Pontoise, EA 4505, 5 Mail Gay-Lussac, 95031 Cergy-Pontoise Cedex, France
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95
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Yates MK, Seley-Radtke KL. The evolution of antiviral nucleoside analogues: A review for chemists and non-chemists. Part II: Complex modifications to the nucleoside scaffold. Antiviral Res 2019; 162:5-21. [PMID: 30529089 PMCID: PMC6349489 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2018.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 11/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This is the second of two invited articles reviewing the development of nucleoside analogue antiviral drugs, written for a target audience of virologists and other non-chemists, as well as chemists who may not be familiar with the field. As with the first paper, rather than providing a chronological account, we have chosen to examine particular examples of structural modifications made to nucleoside analogues that have proven fruitful as various antiviral, anticancer, and other therapeutics. The first review covered the more common, and in most cases, single modifications to the sugar and base moieties of the nucleoside scaffold. This paper focuses on more recent developments, especially nucleoside analogues that contain more than one modification to the nucleoside scaffold. We hope that these two articles will provide an informative historical perspective of some of the successfully designed analogues, as well as many candidate compounds that encountered obstacles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary K Yates
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Katherine L Seley-Radtke
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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96
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Tick-borne encephalitis in Europe and Russia: Review of pathogenesis, clinical features, therapy, and vaccines. Antiviral Res 2019; 164:23-51. [PMID: 30710567 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2019.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is an illness caused by tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) infection which is often limited to a febrile illness, but may lead to very aggressive downstream neurological manifestations. The disease is prevalent in forested areas of Europe and northeastern Asia, and is typically caused by infection involving one of three TBEV subtypes, namely the European (TBEV-Eu), the Siberian (TBEV-Sib), or the Far Eastern (TBEV-FE) subtypes. In addition to the three main TBEV subtypes, two other subtypes; i.e., the Baikalian (TBEV-Bkl) and the Himalayan subtype (TBEV-Him), have been described recently. In Europe, TBEV-Eu infection usually results in only mild TBE associated with a mortality rate of <2%. TBEV-Sib infection also results in a generally mild TBE associated with a non-paralytic febrile form of encephalitis, although there is a tendency towards persistent TBE caused by chronic viral infection. TBE-FE infection is considered to induce the most severe forms of TBE. Importantly though, viral subtype is not the sole determinant of TBE severity; both mild and severe cases of TBE are in fact associated with infection by any of the subtypes. In keeping with this observation, the overall TBE mortality rate in Russia is ∼2%, in spite of the fact that TBEV-Sib and TBEV-FE subtypes appear to be inducers of more severe TBE than TBEV-Eu. On the other hand, TBEV-Sib and TBEV-FE subtype infections in Russia are associated with essentially unique forms of TBE rarely seen elsewhere if at all, such as the hemorrhagic and chronic (progressive) forms of the disease. For post-exposure prophylaxis and TBE treatment in Russia and Kazakhstan, a specific anti-TBEV immunoglobulin is currently used with well-documented efficacy, but the use of specific TBEV immunoglobulins has been discontinued in Europe due to concerns regarding antibody-enhanced disease in naïve individuals. Therefore, new treatments are essential. This review summarizes available data on the pathogenesis and clinical features of TBE, plus different vaccine preparations available in Europe and Russia. In addition, new treatment possibilities, including small molecule drugs and experimental immunotherapies are reviewed. The authors caution that their descriptions of approved or experimental therapies should not be considered to be recommendations for patient care.
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97
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Abstract
Pseudouridine (1) was synthesized by functional group interconversions of the Heck adduct11from 2,4-dimethoxy-5-iodopyrimidine (8) and ribofuranoid glycal4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Ping Yu
- Department of Chemistry
- National Taiwan Normal University
- Taipei 11677
- Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yun Chang
- Department of Chemistry
- National Taiwan Normal University
- Taipei 11677
- Taiwan
| | - Tun-Cheng Chien
- Department of Chemistry
- National Taiwan Normal University
- Taipei 11677
- Taiwan
- Faculty of Pharmacy
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98
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Tachallait H, Safir Filho M, Marzag H, Bougrin K, Demange L, Martin AR, Benhida R. A straightforward and versatile FeCl3 catalyzed Friedel–Crafts C-glycosylation process. Application to the synthesis of new functionalized C-nucleosides. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj06300a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Rapid and straightforward access to C-nucleosides using an inexpensive FeCl3 catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Tachallait
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Plantes et de Synthèse Organique et Bioorganique
- URAC23
- Faculté des Sciences
- 1014 Rabat
- Morocco
| | - Mauro Safir Filho
- Université Côte d’Azur
- CNRS
- Institut de Chimie de Nice UMR 7272
- 06108 Nice
- France
| | - Hamid Marzag
- Université Côte d’Azur
- CNRS
- Institut de Chimie de Nice UMR 7272
- 06108 Nice
- France
| | - Khalid Bougrin
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Plantes et de Synthèse Organique et Bioorganique
- URAC23
- Faculté des Sciences
- 1014 Rabat
- Morocco
| | - Luc Demange
- Université Côte d’Azur
- CNRS
- Institut de Chimie de Nice UMR 7272
- 06108 Nice
- France
| | - Anthony R. Martin
- Université Côte d’Azur
- CNRS
- Institut de Chimie de Nice UMR 7272
- 06108 Nice
- France
| | - Rachid Benhida
- Université Côte d’Azur
- CNRS
- Institut de Chimie de Nice UMR 7272
- 06108 Nice
- France
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99
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Ma Y, Liu S, Xi Y, Li H, Yang K, Cheng Z, Wang W, Zhang Y. Highly stereoselective synthesis of aryl/heteroaryl-C-nucleosides via the merger of photoredox and nickel catalysis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:14657-14660. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc07184a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A photoredox/nickel dual-catalyzed decarboxylative cross-coupling reaction of anomeric ribosyl/deoxyribosyl acids with aryl/heteroaryl bromides has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Reactor and School of Pharmacy
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- P. R. China
| | - Shihui Liu
- College of Medicine
- Jiaxing University
- Jiaxing 314033
- P. R. China
| | - Yifan Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Reactor and School of Pharmacy
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- P. R. China
| | - Hongrui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Reactor and School of Pharmacy
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- P. R. China
| | - Kai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Reactor and School of Pharmacy
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- P. R. China
| | - Zhihao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Reactor and School of Pharmacy
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- P. R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Reactor and School of Pharmacy
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- P. R. China
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and BIO5 Institute
| | - Yongqiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Reactor and School of Pharmacy
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- P. R. China
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100
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Joly JP, Gaysinski M, Zara L, Duca M, Benhida R. Functionalized C-nucleosides as remarkable RNA binders: targeting of prokaryotic ribosomal A-site RNA. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:10432-10435. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc04915k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Novel C-nucleosides as selective binders of prokaryotic ribosomal A-site RNA and promising scaffolds for therapeutic RNA targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Patrick Joly
- Université Côte d’Azur
- CNRS
- Institute of Chemistry of Nice (ICN)
- Nice
- France
| | - Marc Gaysinski
- Université Côte d’Azur
- CNRS
- Institute of Chemistry of Nice (ICN)
- Nice
- France
| | - Lorena Zara
- Université Côte d’Azur
- CNRS
- Institute of Chemistry of Nice (ICN)
- Nice
- France
| | - Maria Duca
- Université Côte d’Azur
- CNRS
- Institute of Chemistry of Nice (ICN)
- Nice
- France
| | - Rachid Benhida
- Université Côte d’Azur
- CNRS
- Institute of Chemistry of Nice (ICN)
- Nice
- France
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