51
|
Meng X, Chen D, Liu R, Jiang P, Huang S. Synthesis of 2-(Cyanomethyl)benzoic Esters via Carbon-Carbon Bond Cleavage of Indanones. J Org Chem 2021; 86:10852-10860. [PMID: 34313443 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A novel synthesis of 2-(cyanomethyl)benzoic esters from indanone derivatives has been established. This reaction proceeds via a deprotonation of alcohols with a chemical base, followed by a nucleophilic addition to indanones and Beckmann fragmentation. In addition, this reaction could also work under electrochemical conditions, and no external chemical bases were needed. This mild method offers a novel strategy for the late-stage functionalization of various natural alcohols.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangtai Meng
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Dengfeng Chen
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Liu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Jiang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Shenlin Huang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Zhong JS, Yang ZX, Ding CL, Huang YF, Zhao Y, Yan H, Ye KY. Desulfonylative Electrocarboxylation with Carbon Dioxide. J Org Chem 2021; 86:16162-16170. [PMID: 34355896 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Electrocarboxylation of organic halides is one of the most investigated electrochemical approaches for converting thermodynamically inert carbon dioxide (CO2) into value-added carboxylic acids. By converting organic halides into their sulfone derivatives, we have developed a highly efficient electrochemical desulfonylative carboxylation protocol. Such a strategy takes advantage of CO2 as the abundant C1 building block for the facile preparation of multifunctionalized carboxylic acids, including the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug ibuprofen, under mild reaction conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Song Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Zi-Xin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Cheng-Lin Ding
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Ya-Feng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Yi Zhao
- BayRay Innovation Center, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory (SZBL), Guangdong 518000, China
| | - Hong Yan
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Ke-Yin Ye
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China.,State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Cembellín S, Batanero B. Organic Electrosynthesis Towards Sustainability: Fundamentals and Greener Methodologies. CHEM REC 2021; 21:2453-2471. [PMID: 33955158 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The adoption of new measures that preserve our environment, on which our survival depends, is a necessity. Electro-organic processes are sustainable per se, by producing the activation of a substrate by electron transfer at normal pressure and room temperature. In the recent years, a highly crescent number of works on organic electrosynthesis are available. Novel strategies at the electrode are being developed enabling the construction of a great variety of complex organic molecules. However, the possibility of being scaled-up is mandatory in terms of sustainability. Thus, some electrochemical methodologies have demonstrated to report the best results in reducing pollution and saving energy. In this personal account, these methods have been compiled, being organized as follows: • Direct discharge electrosynthesis • Paired electrochemical reactions. and • Organic transformations utilizing electrocatalysis (in absence of heavy metals). Selected protocols are herein presented and discussed with representative recent examples. Final perspectives and reflections are also considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Cembellín
- University of Alcala, Organic and Inorganic Chemistry Department (Organic area), Campus, km 33,6 A2, 28805, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Belén Batanero
- University of Alcala, Organic and Inorganic Chemistry Department (Organic area), Campus, km 33,6 A2, 28805, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Química, "Andrés M. del Río" (IQAR) University of Alcala
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Capaldo L, Quadri LL, Merli D, Ravelli D. Photoelectrochemical cross-dehydrogenative coupling of benzothiazoles with strong aliphatic C-H bonds. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:4424-4427. [PMID: 33949468 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc01012c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A photoelectrochemical strategy for the cross-dehydrogenative coupling of unactivated aliphatic hydrogen donors (e.g. alkanes) with benzothiazoles is reported. We used tetrabutylammonium decatungstate as the photocatalyst to activate strong C(sp3)-H bonds in the chosen substrates, while electrochemistry scavenged the extra electrons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Capaldo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, viale Taramelli 12, Pavia 27100, Italy.
| | - Lorenzo L Quadri
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, viale Taramelli 12, Pavia 27100, Italy.
| | - Daniele Merli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, viale Taramelli 12, Pavia 27100, Italy.
| | - Davide Ravelli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, viale Taramelli 12, Pavia 27100, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Walker BR, Manabe S, Brusoe AT, Sevov CS. Mediator-Enabled Electrocatalysis with Ligandless Copper for Anaerobic Chan-Lam Coupling Reactions. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:6257-6265. [PMID: 33861580 PMCID: PMC8143265 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c02103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Simple copper salts serve as catalysts to effect C-X bond-forming reactions in some of the most utilized transformations in synthesis, including the oxidative coupling of aryl boronic acids and amines. However, these Chan-Lam coupling reactions have historically relied on chemical oxidants that limit their applicability beyond small-scale synthesis. Despite the success of replacing strong chemical oxidants with electrochemistry for a variety of metal-catalyzed processes, electrooxidative reactions with ligandless copper catalysts are plagued by slow electron-transfer kinetics, irreversible copper plating, and competitive substrate oxidation. Herein, we report the implementation of substoichiometric quantities of redox mediators to address limitations to Cu-catalyzed electrosynthesis. Mechanistic studies reveal that mediators serve multiple roles by (i) rapidly oxidizing low-valent Cu intermediates, (ii) stripping Cu metal from the cathode to regenerate the catalyst and reveal the active Pt surface for proton reduction, and (iii) providing anodic overcharge protection to prevent substrate oxidation. This strategy is applied to Chan-Lam coupling of aryl-, heteroaryl-, and alkylamines with arylboronic acids in the absence of chemical oxidants. Couplings under these electrochemical conditions occur with higher yields and shorter reaction times than conventional reactions in air and provide complementary substrate reactivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin R Walker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 151 W. Woodruff Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Shuhei Manabe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 151 W. Woodruff Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Andrew T Brusoe
- Chemical Development, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, P.O. Box 368, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877-0368, United States
| | - Christo S Sevov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 151 W. Woodruff Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
Okada Y. Synthetic Semiconductor Photoelectrochemistry. CHEM REC 2021; 21:2223-2238. [PMID: 33769685 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In the field of synthetic organic chemistry, photochemical and electrochemical approaches are often considered to be competing technologies that induce single electron transfer (SET). Recently, their fusion, i. e., the "photoelectrochemical" approach, has become the focus of attention. In this approach, both solar and electrical energy are used in creative combinations. Historically, the term "photoelectrochemistry" has been used in more inorganic fields, where a photovoltaic effect exhibited by semiconducting materials is employed. Semiconductors have also been studied intensively as photocatalysts; however, they recently have taken a back seat to molecular photocatalysts. In this account, we would like to revisit semiconductor photocatalysts in the field of synthetic organic chemistry to demonstrate that semiconductor "photoelectrochemical" approaches are more than mere alternatives to molecular photochemical and/or electrochemical approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Okada
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Zhu C, Ang NWJ, Meyer TH, Qiu Y, Ackermann L. Organic Electrochemistry: Molecular Syntheses with Potential. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2021; 7:415-431. [PMID: 33791425 PMCID: PMC8006177 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.0c01532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 73.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Efficient and selective molecular syntheses are paramount to inter alia biomolecular chemistry and material sciences as well as for practitioners in chemical, agrochemical, and pharmaceutical industries. Organic electrosynthesis has undergone a considerable renaissance and has thus in recent years emerged as an increasingly viable platform for the sustainable molecular assembly. In stark contrast to early strategies by innate reactivity, electrochemistry was recently merged with modern concepts of organic synthesis, such as transition-metal-catalyzed transformations for inter alia C-H functionalization and asymmetric catalysis. Herein, we highlight the unique potential of organic electrosynthesis for sustainable synthesis and catalysis, showcasing key aspects of exceptional selectivities, the synergism with photocatalysis, or dual electrocatalysis, and novel mechanisms in metallaelectrocatalysis until February of 2021.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cuiju Zhu
- Institut
für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Nate W. J. Ang
- Institut
für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tjark H. Meyer
- Institut
für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Woehler
Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh), Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Youai Qiu
- Institut
für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Institut
für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Woehler
Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh), Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Chung DS, Park SH, Lee SG, Kim H. Electrochemically driven stereoselective approach to syn-1,2-diol derivatives from vinylarenes and DMF. Chem Sci 2021; 12:5892-5897. [PMID: 34168814 PMCID: PMC8179677 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc00760b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We have developed an electrochemically driven strategy for the stereoselective synthesis of protected syn-1,2-diols from vinylarenes with N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF). The newly developed system obviates the need for transition metal catalysts or external oxidizing agents, thus providing an operationally simple and efficient route to an array of protected syn-1,2-diols in a single step. This reaction proceeds via an electrooxidation of olefin, followed by a nucleophilic attack of DMF. Subsequent oxidation and nucleophilic capture of the generated carbocation with a trifluoroacetate ion is proposed, which gives rise predominantly to a syn-diastereoselectivity upon the second nucleophilic attack of DMF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Da Sol Chung
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University 03760 Seoul Korea
| | - Steve H Park
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University 03760 Seoul Korea
| | - Sang-Gi Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University 03760 Seoul Korea
| | - Hyunwoo Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University 03760 Seoul Korea
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Li Z, Sun W, Wang X, Li L, Zhang Y, Li C. Electrochemically Enabled, Nickel-Catalyzed Dehydroxylative Cross-Coupling of Alcohols with Aryl Halides. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:3536-3543. [PMID: 33621464 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c13093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
As alcohols are ubiquitous throughout chemical science, this functional group represents a highly attractive starting material for forging new C-C bonds. Here, we demonstrate that the combination of anodic preparation of the alkoxy triphenylphosphonium ion and nickel-catalyzed cathodic reductive cross-coupling provides an efficient method to construct C(sp2)-C(sp3) bonds, in which free alcohols and aryl bromides-both readily available chemicals-can be directly used as coupling partners. This nickel-catalyzed paired electrolysis reaction features a broad substrate scope bearing a wide gamut of functionalities, which was illustrated by the late-stage arylation of several structurally complex natural products and pharmaceuticals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Li
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.,National Institute of Biological Sciences (NIBS), Beijing 102206, China
| | - Wenxuan Sun
- Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.,National Institute of Biological Sciences (NIBS), Beijing 102206, China
| | - Xianxu Wang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences (NIBS), Beijing 102206, China
| | - Luyang Li
- National Institute of Biological Sciences (NIBS), Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences (NIBS), Beijing 102206, China
| | - Chao Li
- Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.,National Institute of Biological Sciences (NIBS), Beijing 102206, China
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
Kim Y, Kim DY. Electrochemical Oxidative Arylsulfonylation and 1,
2‐Alkyl
Shift Sequences of Alkenyl Cyclobutanols for the Synthesis of
β‐Sulfonated
Cyclopentanones. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.12218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yebin Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Department of ICT Environmental Health System Soonchunhyang University Asan 31538 Chungnam Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Young Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Department of ICT Environmental Health System Soonchunhyang University Asan 31538 Chungnam Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
Estruch-Blasco M, Bosque I, Guijarro D, Gonzalez-Gomez JC. Electrochemically site-selective alkoxylation of twisted 2-arylbenzoic acids via spirolactonization. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00834j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Twisted σ-biphenyl-2-carboxyl radicals show a significant spin density in the adjacent aryl ring, facilitating the spirocyclization. Electro-cross coupling with alcohols and isomerization provide a site-selective alkoxylation of 2-arylbenzoic acids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manel Estruch-Blasco
- Instituto de Síntesis Orgánica (ISO) and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alicante, Apdo. 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain
| | - Irene Bosque
- Instituto de Síntesis Orgánica (ISO) and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alicante, Apdo. 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain
| | - David Guijarro
- Instituto de Síntesis Orgánica (ISO) and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alicante, Apdo. 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain
| | - Jose C. Gonzalez-Gomez
- Instituto de Síntesis Orgánica (ISO) and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alicante, Apdo. 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
Xu H, Meng X, Zheng Y, Luo J, Huang S. Electrochemical Annulations of o-Alkynylanilines for Synthesis of 3-Iodoindoles. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202112016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
63
|
Dhawa U, Kaplaneris N, Ackermann L. Green strategies for transition metal-catalyzed C–H activation in molecular syntheses. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00727k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Sustainable strategies for the activation of inert C–H bonds towards improved resource-economy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Uttam Dhawa
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Nikolaos Kaplaneris
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Woehler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh), Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
Meyer TH, Samanta RC, Del Vecchio A, Ackermann L. Mangana(iii/iv)electro-catalyzed C(sp 3)-H azidation. Chem Sci 2020; 12:2890-2897. [PMID: 34164055 PMCID: PMC8179422 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc05924b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Manganaelectro-catalyzed azidation of otherwise inert C(sp3)-H bonds was accomplished using most user-friendly sodium azide as the nitrogen-source. The operationally simple, resource-economic C-H azidation strategy was characterized by mild reaction conditions, no directing group, traceless electrons as the sole redox-reagent, Earth-abundant manganese as the catalyst, high functional-group compatibility and high chemoselectivity, setting the stage for late-stage azidation of bioactive compounds. Detailed mechanistic studies by experiment, spectrophotometry and cyclic voltammetry provided strong support for metal-catalyzed aliphatic radical formation, along with subsequent azidyl radical transfer within a manganese(iii/iv) manifold.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tjark H Meyer
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstraße 2 37077 Göttingen Germany.,Woehler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh), Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstraße 2 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Ramesh C Samanta
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstraße 2 37077 Göttingen Germany.,Woehler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh), Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstraße 2 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Antonio Del Vecchio
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstraße 2 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstraße 2 37077 Göttingen Germany.,Woehler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh), Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstraße 2 37077 Göttingen Germany
| |
Collapse
|
65
|
|