51
|
Isser A, Livingston NK, Schneck JP. Biomaterials to enhance antigen-specific T cell expansion for cancer immunotherapy. Biomaterials 2021; 268:120584. [PMID: 33338931 PMCID: PMC7856270 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
T cells are often referred to as the 'guided missiles' of our immune system because of their capacity to traffic to and accumulate at sites of infection or disease, destroy infected or mutated cells with high specificity and sensitivity, initiate systemic immune responses, sterilize infections, and produce long-lasting memory. As a result, they are a common target for a range of cancer immunotherapies. However, the myriad of challenges of expanding large numbers of T cells specific to each patient's unique tumor antigens has led researchers to develop alternative, more scalable approaches. Biomaterial platforms for expansion of antigen-specific T cells offer a path forward towards broadscale translation of personalized immunotherapies by providing "off-the-shelf", yet modular approaches to customize the phenotype, function, and specificity of T cell responses. In this review, we discuss design considerations and progress made in the development of ex vivo and in vivo technologies for activating antigen-specific T cells, including artificial antigen presenting cells, T cell stimulating scaffolds, biomaterials-based vaccines, and artificial lymphoid organs. Ultimate translation of these platforms as a part of cancer immunotherapy regimens hinges on an in-depth understanding of T cell biology and cell-material interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Isser
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, USA; Institute for Cell Engineering, School of Medicine, USA
| | - Natalie K Livingston
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, USA; Institute for Cell Engineering, School of Medicine, USA; Translational Tissue Engineering Center, USA; Institute for Nanobiotechnology, USA
| | - Jonathan P Schneck
- Institute for Cell Engineering, School of Medicine, USA; Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, USA; Institute for Nanobiotechnology, USA; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Tsai SJ, Black SK, Jewell CM. Leveraging the modularity of biomaterial carriers to tune immune responses. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2020; 30:2004119. [PMID: 33692662 PMCID: PMC7939076 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202004119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Biomaterial carriers offer modular features to control the delivery and presentation of vaccines and immunotherapies. This tunability is a distinct capability of biomaterials. Understanding how tunable material features impact immune responses is important to improve vaccine and immunotherapy design, as well as clinical translation. Here we discuss the modularity of biomaterial properties as a means of controlling encounters with immune signals across scales - tissue, cell, molecular, and time - and ultimately, to direct stimulation or regulation of immune function. We highlight these advances using illustrations from recent literature across infectious disease, cancer, and autoimmunity. As the immune engineering field matures, informed design criteria could support more rational biomaterial carriers for vaccination and immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shannon J Tsai
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, 8278 Paint Branch Drive, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Sheneil K Black
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, 8278 Paint Branch Drive, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Christopher M Jewell
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, 8278 Paint Branch Drive, College Park, MD 20742, USA; Robert E. Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices, 8278 Paint Branch Drive, College Park, MD 20742, USA; United States Department of Veterans Affairs, VA Maryland Health Care System, 10. N Green Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; United States Department of Veterans Affairs, VA Maryland Health Care System, 10. N Green Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, 22 South Greene Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Zhou X, Jiang X, Qu M, Aninwene G, Jucaud V, Moon JJ, Gu Z, Sun W, Khademhosseini A. Engineering Antiviral Vaccines. ACS NANO 2020; 14:12370-12389. [PMID: 33001626 PMCID: PMC7534801 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c06109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Despite the vital role of vaccines in fighting viral pathogens, effective vaccines are still unavailable for many infectious diseases. The importance of vaccines cannot be overstated during the outbreak of a pandemic, such as the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The understanding of genomics, structural biology, and innate/adaptive immunity have expanded the toolkits available for current vaccine development. However, sudden outbreaks and the requirement of population-level immunization still pose great challenges in today's vaccine designs. Well-established vaccine development protocols from previous experiences are in place to guide the pipelines of vaccine development for emerging viral diseases. Nevertheless, vaccine development may follow different paradigms during a pandemic. For example, multiple vaccine candidates must be pushed into clinical trials simultaneously, and manufacturing capability must be scaled up in early stages. Factors from essential features of safety, efficacy, manufacturing, and distributions to administration approaches are taken into consideration based on advances in materials science and engineering technologies. In this review, we present recent advances in vaccine development by focusing on vaccine discovery, formulation, and delivery devices enabled by alternative administration approaches. We hope to shed light on developing better solutions for faster and better vaccine development strategies through the use of biomaterials, biomolecular engineering, nanotechnology, and microfabrication techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xingwu Zhou
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095 USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Xing Jiang
- School of Nursing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Moyuan Qu
- The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine. Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Stomatology. Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - George Aninwene
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095 USA
| | - Vadim Jucaud
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA 90064, USA
| | - James J. Moon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Zhen Gu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095 USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Wujin Sun
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095 USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA 90064, USA
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095 USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA 90064, USA
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Xu C, Hong H, Lee Y, Park KS, Sun M, Wang T, Aikins ME, Xu Y, Moon JJ. Efficient Lymph Node-Targeted Delivery of Personalized Cancer Vaccines with Reactive Oxygen Species-Inducing Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanosheets. ACS NANO 2020; 14:13268-13278. [PMID: 32902245 PMCID: PMC7606610 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c05062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic cancer vaccines require robust cellular immunity for the efficient killing of tumor cells, and recent advances in neoantigen discovery may provide safe and promising targets for cancer vaccines. However, elicitation of T cells with strong antitumor efficacy requires intricate multistep processes that have been difficult to attain with traditional vaccination approaches. Here, a multifunctional nanovaccine platform has been developed for direct delivery of neoantigens and adjuvants to lymph nodes (LNs) and highly efficient induction of neoantigen-specific T cell responses. A PEGylated reduced graphene oxide nanosheet (RGO-PEG, 20-30 nm in diameter) is a highly modular and biodegradable platform for facile preparation of neoantigen vaccines within 2 h. RGO-PEG exhibits rapid, efficient (15-20% ID/g), and sustained (up to 72 h) accumulation in LNs, achieving >100-fold improvement in LN-targeted delivery, compared with soluble vaccines. Moreover, RGO-PEG induces intracellular reactive oxygen species in dendritic cells, guiding antigen processing and presentation to T cells. Importantly, a single injection of RGO-PEG vaccine elicits potent neoantigen-specific T cell responses lasting up to 30 days and eradicates established MC-38 colon carcinoma. Further combination with anti-PD-1 therapy achieved great therapeutic improvements against B16F10 melanoma. RGO-PEG may serve a powerful delivery platform for personalized cancer vaccination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Hao Hong
- Medical School of Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China
| | - Yonghyun Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, South Korea
- Pharmacy of Graduate School, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, South Korea
| | - Kyung Soo Park
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Mingjiao Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Tianrui Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Marisa E Aikins
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Yao Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - James J Moon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Fabrication of biodegradable particles with tunable morphologies by the addition of resveratrol to oil in water emulsions. Int J Pharm 2020; 590:119917. [PMID: 33022356 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Particles for biomedical applications can be produced by emulsifying biocompatible polymers dissolved in an organic solvent in water. The emulsion is then transferred to an extraction bath that removes the solvent from the dispersed droplets, which leads to polymer precipitation and particle formation. Typically, the particles are smooth and spherical, likely because the droplets remain fluid throughout the solvent extraction process allowing minimization of surface area as the volume decreases. Few modifications to this technique exist that alter the spherical geometry, even though particle performance, from drug delivery to engaging cells of the body, can be tuned with morphology. Here we demonstrate that incorporation of resveratrol, with the aid of ethanol, into the oil phase of an emulsion of poly(lactide-co-glycolide) and dichloromethane in aqueous poly(vinyl alcohol) leads to a crumpled particle morphology. Video microscopy of particle formation revealed that during solvent extraction the droplet crumples in on itself, which does not occur when only ethanol is added to the emulsion. It is unclear why this occurs with resveratrol, but its hydroxyl groups appear to be optimally positioned because removal of the 4' hydroxyl or addition of a 3' hydroxyl resulted in a loss of crumpled particle morphology. We demonstrate that particle morphology can be tuned from that of a crumpled sheet of paper to a deflated sphere by switching out ethanol for a different cosolvent. We quantify the degree of particle deformation with surface area calculated from krypton adsorption isotherms and BET theory and find surface area correlates with resveratrol loading in the particle. Furthermore, spherical particles are achieved when ethyl acetate is used in lieu of dichloromethane and a cosolvent. We propose that during solvent extraction, resveratrol accumulates at the droplet surface where it inhibits polymer chain motion necessary to maintain a spherical geometry and the role of cosolvent is to redistribute resveratrol from the droplet bulk to its surface. This method of producing nonspherical particles extends to polycaprolactone and poly(L-lactic acid) and is compatible with the encapsulation of a hydrophobic fluorescent dye, suggesting hydrophobic bioactive agents could be encapsulated. Taken together, we demonstrate an ability to control morphology of biocompatible polymer particles produced by the widely practiced oil-in-water/solvent extraction protocol via the addition of resveratrol and a cosolvent to the oil phase. The methodology reported is straight forward, and scalable, and expected to be of utility in applications in which a deviation from the default smooth, spherical morphology is desired.
Collapse
|
56
|
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- Australisches Institut für Bioingenieurwesen und Nanotechnologie Universität Queensland Brisbane QLD 4072 Australien
| | - Chengzhong Yu
- Australisches Institut für Bioingenieurwesen und Nanotechnologie Universität Queensland Brisbane QLD 4072 Australien
- Fakultät für Chemie und Molekulartechnik Pädagogische Universität Ostchina Shanghai 200241 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Wang Y, Yu C. Emerging Concepts of Nanobiotechnology in mRNA Delivery. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:23374-23385. [PMID: 32400110 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202003545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Introducing mRNA into cells has attracted intense interest for diverse applications; however, success requires delivery solutions. Engineered nanomaterials have been applied as mRNA nanocarriers; their functions are designed mainly as delivery vehicles, but rarely in regulation of the protein translation. Recently, progress in nanobiotechnology has shifted the design principle of mRNA nanocarriers from simple delivery tools to translation modulators. Here, we review the emerging concepts of nanomaterials regulating mRNA translation and recent progress in mRNA delivery. Designer nanomaterials providing integrated functions for specific mRNA applications are also reviewed to provide insights for the design of next-generation nanomaterials to revolutionize mRNA technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Chengzhong Yu
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.,School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Okay S, Özge Özcan Ö, Karahan M. Nanoparticle-based delivery platforms for mRNA vaccine development. AIMS BIOPHYSICS 2020. [DOI: 10.3934/biophy.2020023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
|
59
|
Fu H, Liu J, Xu W, Wang H, Liao S, Chen G. A new type of magnetic molecular imprinted material combined with β-cyclodextrin for the selective adsorption of zearalenone. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:10966-10976. [DOI: 10.1039/d0tb02146f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, a new magnetic molecular imprinted polymer–cyclodextrin (MMIP–CD) material was prepared by connecting β-cyclodextrin (CD) on the surface of a magnetic molecular imprinted polymer (MMIP) and used for the rapid and specific adsorption of zearalenone (ZEN).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Han Fu
- College of Engineering
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
| | - Junping Liu
- College of Engineering
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
| | - Wu Xu
- College of Engineering
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
| | - Haixiang Wang
- College of Engineering
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
| | - Shenghua Liao
- School of Science
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
| | - Guitang Chen
- College of Engineering
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|