Three-Dimensional Cu Foam-Supported Single Crystalline Mesoporous Cu2O Nanothorn Arrays for Ultra-Highly Sensitive and Efficient Nonenzymatic Detection of Glucose

A multivalent mixed-metal strategy for single-Cu+-ion-bridged cluster-based chalcogenide open frameworks for sensitive nonenzymatic detection of glucose

Here we report two new metal-chalcogenide open frameworks (MCOFs) with large-sized supertetrahedral clusters bridged by an accessible single-cuprous ion via a multivalent mixed-metal strategy.

Nitrogen-Doped Graphene-Encapsulated Nickel Cobalt Nitride as a Highly Sensitive and Selective Electrode for Glucose and Hydrogen Peroxide Sensing Applications

To explore a natural nonenzymatic electrode catalyst for highly sensitive and selective molecular detection for targeting biomolecules is a very challenging task. Metal nitrides have attracted huge interest as promising electrodes for glucose and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) sensing applications due to their exceptional redox properties, superior electrical conductivity, and superb mechanical strength. However, the deprived electrochemical stability extremely limits the commercialization opportunities. Herein, novel nitrogen-doped graphene-encapsulated nickel cobalt nitride (Ni _xCo_{3- x}N/NG) core-shell nanostructures with a controllable molar ratio of Ni/Co are successfully fabricated and employed as highly sensitive and selective electrodes for glucose and H₂O₂ sensing applications. The highly sensitive and selective properties of the optimized core-shell NiCo₂N/NG electrode are because of the high synergistic effect of the NiCo₂N core and the NG shell, as evidenced by a superior glucose sensing performance with a short response time of <3 s, a wide linear range from 2.008 μM to 7.15 mM, an excellent sensitivity of 1803 μA mM^-1 cm^-2, and a low detection limit of 50 nM (S/N = 3). Furthermore, the core-shell NiCo₂N/NG electrode shows excellent H₂O₂ sensing performances with a short response time of ∼3 s, a wide detection range of 200 nM to 3.4985 mM, a high sensitivity of 2848.73 μA mM^-1 cm^-2, and ultra-low limit detection of 200 nM (S/N = 3). The NiCo₂N/NG sensor can also be employed for glucose and H₂O₂ detection in human blood serum, promising its application toward the determination of glucose and H₂O₂ in real samples.

Trimetallic AuPtPd nanocomposites platform on graphene: Applied to electrochemical detection and breast cancer diagnosis

Recently, great efforts have been made to use biosensors for the early diagnosis of cancer. Specifically, using a biomarker to detect H₂O₂ in physiological conditions is of great significance for understanding the signal transduction pathways and achieving early cancer diagnosis. In this work, we report an innovative H₂O₂ sensor that was fabricated by trimetallic AuPtPd nanocomposites platform on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanosheets with the modification of the rGO and trimetallic AuPtPd nanoparticles on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) by physical adsorption. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were utilized to characterize and identify these unique nanocomposites. In addition, the electrochemical properties of the proposed sensor were evaluated by cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry. Electrochemical research has demonstrated that the AuPtPd/rGO-modified GCE showed excellent electrocatalytic activity towards the reduction of H₂O₂, including a wider linear range from 0.005 μM to 6.5 mM, a low detection limit of 2 nM, good selectivity and acceptable repeatability. Moreover, the sensor can monitor the release of H₂O₂ release from living cancer cells. Therefore, this study not only improves simplicity, sensitivity and quantitatively for detection H₂O₂ in cells at nM level but also provides a foundation for the biological and biomedical applications such as the early diagnosis of cancer.

Recent advances in electrochemical non-enzymatic glucose sensors - A review

This review encompasses the mechanisms of electrochemical glucose detection and recent advances in non-enzymatic glucose sensors based on a variety of materials ranging from platinum, gold, metal alloys/adatom, non-precious transition metal/metal oxides to glucose-specific organic materials. It shows that the discovery of new materials based on unique nanostructures have not only provided the detailed insight into non-enzymatic glucose oxidation, but also demonstrated the possibility of direct detection in whole blood or interstitial fluids. We critically evaluate various aspects of non-enzymatic electrochemical glucose sensors in terms of significance as well as performance. Beyond laboratory tests, the prospect of commercialization of non-enzymatic glucose sensors is discussed.

High-performance electrochemical glucose sensing enabled by Cu(TCNQ) nanorod array

It is highly attractive to construct stable enzyme-free glucose sensors based on three-dimensional direct electrochemical detection of glucose. In this paper, a copper 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (Cu(TCNQ)) nanorod array on Cu foam (Cu(TCNQ) NA/CF) is proposed as an efficient catalyst for electrochemical glucose oxidation in alkaline conditions. When Cu(TCNQ) NA/CF was used as the enzyme-free sensory of glucose, the sensor showed a response time within 3 s, a wide linear detection in the range 0.001-10.0 mM, the minimum limit of detection was as low as 10 nM (S/N = 3), and it had a high sensitivity of 26 987 μA mM^-1 cm^-2. Moreover, this sensor also possesses long-term stability, high selectivity, reproducibility, and actual applications for fresh human serum sample analysis is also successfully accepted.

Electrochemical nonenzymatic sensing of glucose using advanced nanomaterials

An overview (with 376 refs.) is given here on the current state of methods for electrochemical sensing of glucose based on the use of advanced nanomaterials. An introduction into the field covers aspects of enzyme based sensing versus nonenzymatic sensing using nanomaterials. The next chapter cover the most commonly used nanomaterials for use in such sensors, with sections on uses of noble metals, transition metals, metal oxides, metal hydroxides, and metal sulfides, on bimetallic nanoparticles and alloys, and on other composites. A further section treats electrodes based on the use of carbon nanomaterials (with subsections on carbon nanotubes, on graphene, graphene oxide and carbon dots, and on other carbonaceous nanomaterials. The mechanisms for electro-catalysis are also discussed, and several Tables are given where the performance of sensors is being compared. Finally, the review addresses merits and limitations (such as the frequent need for working in strongly etching alkaline solutions and the need for diluting samples because sensors often have analytical ranges that are far below the glucose levels found in blood). We also address market/technology gaps in comparison to commercially available enzymatic sensors. Graphical Abstract Schematic representation of electrochemical nonenzymatic glucose sensing on the nanomaterials modified electrodes. At an applied potential, the nanomaterial-modified electrodes exhibit excellent electrocatalytic activity for direct oxidation of glucose oxidation.

Synthesis of nickel(ii) coordination polymers and conversion into porous NiO nanorods with excellent electrocatalytic performance for glucose detection

Porous NiO nanostructures are fabricated by calcinating the Ni(SA)₂(H₂O)₄coordination polymers and used as electrocatalysts for the detection of glucose in a nonenzymatic electrochemical sensor.

Three-dimensional architecture of Ag/CeO2 nanorod composites prepared by dealloying and their electrocatalytic performance

The 3D Ag/CeO₂ nanorod architectures were prepared by dealloying Al–Ag–Ce alloy, which exhibited enhanced catalytic activity for BH₄⁻ oxidation.

Cu2+1O/graphene nanosheets supported on three dimensional copper foam for sensitive and efficient non-enzymatic detection of glucose

Three dimensional copper foam/Cu₂₊₁O/graphene nanosheets for sensitive and efficient non-enzymatic detection of glucose.

Advances in non-enzymatic glucose sensors based on metal oxides

This review summarizes the advances in non-enzymatic glucose sensors based on different metal oxides (ZnO, CuO/Cu₂O, NiO,etc.) and their composites.

Recent advances in non-enzymatic electrochemical glucose sensors based on non-precious transition metal materials: opportunities and challenges

We summarize the latest advances of non-enzymatic glucose detection using non-noble transition metal materials, highlighting their opportunities and challenges.

High performance Cu/Cu2O nanohybrid electrocatalyst for nonenzymatic glucose detection

Described herein are Cu/Cu₂O nanohybrids preparedviapotential oscillation, and their high performance for nonenzymatic glucose detection applications.