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Dang NHM, Gerace D, Drouard E, Trippé-Allard G, Lédée F, Mazurczyk R, Deleporte E, Seassal C, Nguyen HS. Tailoring Dispersion of Room-Temperature Exciton-Polaritons with Perovskite-Based Subwavelength Metasurfaces. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:2113-2119. [PMID: 32074449 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c00125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Exciton-polaritons represent a promising platform for studying quantum fluids of light and realizing prospective all-optical devices. Here we report on the experimental demonstration of exciton-polaritons at room temperature in resonant metasurfaces made from a sub-wavelength two-dimensional lattice of perovskite pillars. The strong coupling regime is revealed by both angular-resolved reflectivity and photoluminescence measurements, showing anticrossing between photonic modes and the exciton resonance with a Rabi splitting in the 200 meV range. Moreover, by tailoring the photonic Bloch mode to which perovskite excitons are coupled, polaritonic dispersions are engineered exhibiting linear, parabolic, and multivalley dispersions. All of our results are perfectly reproduced by both numerical simulations based on a rigorous coupled wave analysis and an elementary model based on a quantum theory of radiation-matter interaction. Our results suggest a new approach to study exciton-polaritons and pave the way toward large-scale and low-cost integrated polaritonic devices operating at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Ha My Dang
- Université de Lyon, Institut des Nanotechnologies de Lyon, INL-UMR5270, CNRS, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 36 avenue Guy de Collongue, F-69134 Ecully, France
| | - Dario Gerace
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pavia, via Bassi 6, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Emmanuel Drouard
- Université de Lyon, Institut des Nanotechnologies de Lyon, INL-UMR5270, CNRS, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 36 avenue Guy de Collongue, F-69134 Ecully, France
| | - Gaëlle Trippé-Allard
- Université Paris-Saclay, ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centrale Supelec, LuMIn, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Ferdinand Lédée
- Université Paris-Saclay, ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centrale Supelec, LuMIn, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Radoslaw Mazurczyk
- Université de Lyon, Institut des Nanotechnologies de Lyon, INL-UMR5270, CNRS, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 36 avenue Guy de Collongue, F-69134 Ecully, France
| | - Emmanuelle Deleporte
- Université Paris-Saclay, ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centrale Supelec, LuMIn, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Christian Seassal
- Université de Lyon, Institut des Nanotechnologies de Lyon, INL-UMR5270, CNRS, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 36 avenue Guy de Collongue, F-69134 Ecully, France
| | - Hai Son Nguyen
- Université de Lyon, Institut des Nanotechnologies de Lyon, INL-UMR5270, CNRS, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 36 avenue Guy de Collongue, F-69134 Ecully, France
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Li J, Ma J, Cheng X, Liu Z, Chen Y, Li D. Anisotropy of Excitons in Two-Dimensional Perovskite Crystals. ACS NANO 2020; 14:2156-2161. [PMID: 31968166 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b08975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) perovskites show great potential for optoelectronic applications due to their bandgap tunability, extremely large excition binding energy, and large crystal anisotropy compared with their three-dimensional counterparts. To fully explore exciton-based applications and improve their performance, it is essential to understand the exciton behavior in 2D perovskites. Here, we investigate exciton anisotropy within the crystallographic plane and cross plane of (C4H9NH3)2PbI4 2D perovskite crystals by polarization-resolved photoluminescence, reflection, and photoconductivity studies. We observe a polarization-dependent emission evolution and an enhanced self-trapped exciton emission with an oblique incident excitation from the cross plane. Furthermore, the anisotropy of excitons in (C4H9NH3)2PbI4 2D perovskite crystals is identified by polarization-resolved photoluminescence and photoconductivity measurement, and a completely opposite polarization-dependent behavior was observed for free excitons and self-trapped excitons. We attribute this different anisotropy to the existence of out-of-plane excitons and different optical selection rule for free excitons and self-trapped excitons. Our findings will shed light on designing and improving the performance of exciton-based optoelectronic devices in 2D perovskites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junze Li
- School of Optical and Electronic Information , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074 , China
| | - Jiaqi Ma
- School of Optical and Electronic Information , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074 , China
| | - Xue Cheng
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074 , China
| | - Zeyi Liu
- School of Optical and Electronic Information , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074 , China
| | - Yingying Chen
- School of Optical and Electronic Information , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074 , China
| | - Dehui Li
- School of Optical and Electronic Information , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074 , China
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074 , China
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53
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Shang Q, Li C, Zhang S, Liang Y, Liu Z, Liu X, Zhang Q. Enhanced Optical Absorption and Slowed Light of Reduced-Dimensional CsPbBr 3 Nanowire Crystal by Exciton-Polariton. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:1023-1032. [PMID: 31917588 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b04175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Metallic halide perovskites are promising for low-cost, low-consumption, flexible optoelectronic devices. However, research is lacking on light propagation and dielectric behaviors as fundamental properties for optoelectronic perovskite applications, particularly the mechanism supporting a strong light-matter interaction and the different properties of low-dimensional structures from their bulk counterparts. We use spatially resolved photoluminescence (SRPL) spectroscopy to explore light propagation and measure the refractive index of CsPbBr3 nanowires (NWs). Owing to strong exciton-photon interactions, light is guided as an exciton-polariton inside the NWs at room temperature. Remarkable spatial dispersion is confirmed, in which both the real and imaginary parts of the refractive index increase dramatically approaching exciton resonance, thus slowing light and enhancing absorption, respectively. Reducing the NWs dimension increases exciton-photon coupling and the exciton fraction, increasing the light absorption coefficient and group index 5- and 3-fold, respectively, relative to those of bulk films and slowing the light group velocity by ∼74%. Furthermore, dispersive absorption induces an energy redshift to the propagating PL at 4.1-5.5 meV μm-1 until the bottleneck region. These findings clarify light-matter interaction in confined perovskite structures to improve their optoelectronic device performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyu Shang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , P. R. China
| | - Chun Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center of Excellence for Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center of Excellence for Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
| | - Yin Liang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , P. R. China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , P. R. China
| | - Xinfeng Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center of Excellence for Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , P. R. China
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Schlaus AP, Spencer MS, Zhu XY. Light-Matter Interaction and Lasing in Lead Halide Perovskites. Acc Chem Res 2019; 52:2950-2959. [PMID: 31571486 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.9b00382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Lead halide perovskites (LHPs) are attractive material systems for light emission, thanks to the ease and diverse routes of synthesis, the broad tunability in color, the high emission quantum efficiencies, and the strong light-matter coupling which may potentially lead to exciton-polariton condensation. This account contrasts the laser-like coherent light emission from highly lossy Fabry-Perot cavities, formed naturally from LHP nanowires (NWs) and nanoplates (NPs), with highly reflective cavities made of LHP gain media, sandwiched between two distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) mirrors. The mechanism responsible for the operation of conventional semiconductor lasers involves stimulated emission of electron and hole pairs bound by the Coulomb potential, i.e., excitons or, at excitation density above the so-called Mott threshold, an electron-hole plasma (EHP). We discuss how lasing from LHP NWs or NPs likely originates from stimulated emission of an EHP, not excitons or exciton-polaritons. A character central to this kind of lasing is the dynamically changing photonic properties in the naturally formed cavity. In contrast to the more static conditions of a DBR cavity, lasing modes and gain profiles are extremely sensitive to material properties and excitation conditions in an NW/NP cavity. While such unstable photonic cavities pose engineering challenges in the application of NW/NP lasers, they provide excellent probes of many-body physics in the LHP material. For sufficiently strong light-matter coupling expected for LHPs in DBR cavities, an exciton-polariton, i.e., the superposition state between the exciton and the cavity photon, can form. An exciting prospect of strong light-matter coupling is the potential formation of an exciton polariton condensate, which possesses many interesting quantum and nonlinear effects, such as superfluidity, long-range coherence, and laserlike light emission. However, it is difficult to distinguish coherent light from an exciton-polariton condensate and that from conventional stimulated laser emission. Several reports have established the condition of strong coupling for LHPs in DBR cavities. We stress, however, that these studies have not included necessary experiments to unambiguously establish the formation of exciton-polariton condensation, and several experiments and routes of analysis are needed to make a more convincing case for exciton-polariton condensation in LHP based systems. The potential of exciton-polariton condensation expands the horizon of LHP materials from conventional optoelectronics to quantum devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P. Schlaus
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Michael S. Spencer
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - X-Y. Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
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Liu S, Sun S, Gan CK, del Águila AG, Fang Y, Xing J, Do TTH, White TJ, Li H, Huang W, Xiong Q. Manipulating efficient light emission in two-dimensional perovskite crystals by pressure-induced anisotropic deformation. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaav9445. [PMID: 31360764 PMCID: PMC6660207 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aav9445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The hybrid nature and soft lattice of organolead halide perovskites render their structural changes and optical properties susceptible to external driving forces such as temperature and pressure, remarkably different from conventional semiconductors. Here, we investigate the pressure-induced optical response of a typical two-dimensional perovskite crystal, phenylethylamine lead iodide. At a moderate pressure within 3.5 GPa, its photoluminescence red-shifts continuously, exhibiting an ultrabroad energy tunability range up to 320 meV in the visible spectrum, with quantum yield remaining nearly constant. First-principles calculations suggest that an out-of-plane quasi-uniaxial compression occurs under a hydrostatic pressure, while the energy is absorbed by the reversible and elastic tilting of the benzene rings within the long-chain ligands. This anisotropic structural deformation effectively modulates the quantum confinement effect by 250 meV via barrier height lowering. The broad tunability within a relatively low pressure range will expand optoelectronic applications to a new paradigm with pressure as a tuning knob.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Liu
- School of Science, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Shishuai Sun
- School of Science, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
- Corresponding author. (Q.X.); (S.S.); (C.K.G.)
| | - Chee Kwan Gan
- Institute of High Performance Computing, 1 Fusionopolis Way, 16-16 Connexis, Singapore 138632, Singapore
- Corresponding author. (Q.X.); (S.S.); (C.K.G.)
| | - Andrés Granados del Águila
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Yanan Fang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Jun Xing
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - T. Thu Ha Do
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Timothy J. White
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Hongguo Li
- School of Science, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Qihua Xiong
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- MajuLab, CNRS-UNS-NUS-NTU International Joint Research Unit, UMI 3654, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- NOVITAS, Nanoelectronics Center of Excellence, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- Corresponding author. (Q.X.); (S.S.); (C.K.G.)
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Huang Y, Yao Z, He C, Zhu L, Zhang L, Bai J, Xu X. Terahertz surface and interface emission spectroscopy for advanced materials. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2019; 31:153001. [PMID: 30669133 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ab00c0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Surfaces and interfaces are of particular importance for optoelectronic and photonic materials as they are involved in many physical and chemical processes such as carrier dynamics, charge transfer, chemical bonding, transformation reactions and so on. Terahertz (THz) emission spectroscopy provides a sensitive and nondestructive method for surface or interface analysis of advanced materials ranging from graphene to transition metal dichalcogenides, topological insulators, hybrid perovskites, and mixed-dimensional heterostructures based on 2D materials. In this review paper, we start with the THz radiation mechanisms under ultrafast laser excitation. Then we concentrate on the recent progresses of THz emission spectroscopy on the surface and interface properties of advanced materials, including transient surface photocurrents, surface nonlinear polarization, surface states, interface potential, and gas molecule adsorption/desorption processes. This novel spectroscopic method can not only promote the development of new and compact THz sources, but also provide a nondestructive optical method for surface and interface characterization of photocurrent and nonlinear polarization dynamics of materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Huang
- Shaanxi Joint Lab of Graphene, State Key Lab Incubation Base of Photoelectric Technology and Functional Materials, International Collaborative Center on Photoelectric Technology and Nano Functional Materials, Institute of Photonics and Photon-Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, People's Republic of China
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Mao L, Stoumpos CC, Kanatzidis MG. Two-Dimensional Hybrid Halide Perovskites: Principles and Promises. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 141:1171-1190. [PMID: 30399319 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b10851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 503] [Impact Index Per Article: 83.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Hybrid halide perovskites have become the "next big thing" in emerging semiconductor materials, as the past decade witnessed their successful application in high-performance photovoltaics. This resurgence has encompassed enormous and widespread development of the three-dimensional (3D) perovskites, spearheaded by CH3NH3PbI3. The next generation of halide perovskites, however, is characterized by reduced dimensionality perovskites, emphasizing the two-dimensional (2D) perovskite derivatives which expand the field into a more diverse subgroup of semiconducting hybrids that possesses even higher tunability and excellent photophysical properties. In this Perspective, we begin with a historical flashback to early reports before the "perovskite fever", and we follow this original work to its fruition in the present day, where 2D halide perovskites are in the spotlight of current research, offering characteristics desirable in high-performance optoelectronics. We approach the evolution of 2D halide perovskites from a structural perspective, providing a way to classify the diverse structure types of the materials, which largely dictate the unusual physical properties observed. We sort the 2D hybrid halide perovskites on the basis of two key components: the inorganic layers and their modification, and the organic cation diversity. As these two heterogeneous components blend, either by synthetic manipulation (shuffling the organic cations or inorganic elements) or by application of external stimuli (temperature and pressure), the modular perovskite structure evolves to construct crystallographically defined quantum wells (QWs). The complex electronic structure that arises is sensitive to the structural features that could be in turn used as a knob to control the dielectric and optical properties the QWs. We conclude this Perspective with the most notable achievements in optoelectronic devices that have been demonstrated to date, with an eye toward future material discovery and potential technological developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Mao
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Constantinos C Stoumpos
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Mercouri G Kanatzidis
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
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