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Wang MD, Hou DY, Lv GT, Li RX, Hu XJ, Wang ZJ, Zhang NY, Yi L, Xu WH, Wang H. Targeted in situ self-assembly augments peptide drug conjugate cell-entry efficiency. Biomaterials 2021; 278:121139. [PMID: 34624753 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.121139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Peptide drug conjugate (PDC) has emerged as one of the new generations of targeted therapeutics for cancer, which owns the advantages of improved drug targetability and reduced adverse effects compared with traditional chemotherapy. However, the poor permeability of PDC drugs regarding tumor cells is an urgent problem to be solved. Herein, we design a PDC drug molecule, which is composed of three modules: targeting motif (RGD target), assembly motif (GNNNQNY) and cytotoxic payload (CPT molecule). This PDC in situ forms nanoclusters upon binding cellular receptor, resulting in improved PDC cell-entry efficiency and treatment efficacy. In addition, the PDC shows increased therapeutic efficacy and raises the maximum tolerance dose of the drug in breast and bladder xenografted mice models. This strategy leverages the assembly principle to promote penetration of peptide molecules into cells and increase intracellular drug bioavailability, which is of great significance for the development of PDC drugs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man-Di Wang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), No. 11 Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, 100190, Beijing, China; Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Da-Yong Hou
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), No. 11 Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, 100190, Beijing, China; Department of Urology, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Scientific Research in Urology, Harbin, 150001, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Molecular Probes and Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Gan-Tian Lv
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), No. 11 Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, 100190, Beijing, China; Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Ru-Xiang Li
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), No. 11 Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, 100190, Beijing, China; School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Xing-Jie Hu
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), No. 11 Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, 100190, Beijing, China; Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Zhi-Jia Wang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), No. 11 Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, 100190, Beijing, China; Department of Urology, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Scientific Research in Urology, Harbin, 150001, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Molecular Probes and Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Ni-Yuan Zhang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), No. 11 Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, 100190, Beijing, China; Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Li Yi
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), No. 11 Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, 100190, Beijing, China; Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Wan-Hai Xu
- Department of Urology, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Scientific Research in Urology, Harbin, 150001, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Molecular Probes and Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China.
| | - Hao Wang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), No. 11 Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, 100190, Beijing, China; Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China; Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
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52
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Jiang Q, Liu X, Liang G, Sun X. Self-assembly of peptide nanofibers for imaging applications. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:15142-15150. [PMID: 34494635 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr04992e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Pathological stimuli-responsive self-assembly of peptide nanofibers enables selective accumulation of imaging agent cargos in the stimuli-rich regions of interest. It provides enhanced imaging signals, biocompatibility, and tumor/disease accessibility and retention, thereby promoting smart, precise, and sensitive tumor/disease imaging both in vitro and in vivo. Considering the remarkable significance and recent encouraging breakthroughs of self-assembled peptide nanofibers in tumor/disease diagnosis, this reivew is herein proposed. We emphasize the recent advances particularly in the past three years, and provide an outlook in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaochu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing 210096, China.
| | - Xiaoyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing 210096, China.
| | - Gaolin Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing 210096, China.
| | - Xianbao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing 210096, China.
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53
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Scott J, Deng Q, Vendrell M. Near-Infrared Fluorescent Probes for the Detection of Cancer-Associated Proteases. ACS Chem Biol 2021; 16:1304-1317. [PMID: 34315210 PMCID: PMC8383269 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.1c00223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Proteases are enzymes capable of catalyzing protein breakdown, which is critical across many biological processes. There are several families of proteases, each of which perform key functions through the degradation of specific proteins. As our understanding of cancer improves, it has been demonstrated that several proteases can be overactivated during the progression of cancer and contribute to malignancy. Optical imaging systems that employ near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent probes to detect protease activity offer clinical promise, both for early detection of cancer as well as for the assessment of personalized therapy. In this Review, we review the design of NIR probes and their successful application for the detection of different cancer-associated proteases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie
I. Scott
- Centre
for Inflammation Research, The University
of Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Qinyi Deng
- Centre
for Inflammation Research, The University
of Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Marc Vendrell
- Centre
for Inflammation Research, The University
of Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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54
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Duan C, Hu J, Liu R, Dai J, Duan M, Yuan L, Xia F, Lou X. Spatial Order of Functional Modules Enabling Diverse Intracellular Performance of Fluorescent Probes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202106195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chong Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry China University of Geosciences Wuhan 430078 China
| | - Jing‐Jing Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry China University of Geosciences Wuhan 430078 China
| | - Rui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry China University of Geosciences Wuhan 430078 China
| | - Jun Dai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430030 China
| | - Mojie Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan 430071 China
| | - Lizhen Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry China University of Geosciences Wuhan 430078 China
| | - Fan Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry China University of Geosciences Wuhan 430078 China
| | - Xiaoding Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry China University of Geosciences Wuhan 430078 China
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55
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Liu N, Zhu L, Li Z, Liu W, Sun M, Zhou Z. In situ self-assembled peptide nanofibers for cancer theranostics. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:5427-5436. [PMID: 34319316 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm00782c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Self-assembled nanofibers hold tremendous promise for cancer theranostics owing to their in situ assembly, spatiotemporal responsiveness, and diverse bioactivity. Herein, this review summarizes the recent advances of self-assembled peptide nanofibers and their applications in biological systems, focusing on the dynamic process of capturing cancer cells from the outside-in. (1) In situ self-assembly in response to pathological or physiological changes. (2) Diverse functions at different locations of tumors, such as forming thrombus in tumor vasculature, constructing a barrier on the cancer cell membrane, and disrupting the cancer organelles. Of note, with the assembly/aggregation induced residence (AIR) effect, the nanofibers could form a drug depot in situ for sustained release of chemotherapeutic drugs to increase their local concentration and prolong the residence time. Finally, perspectives toward future directions and challenges are presented to further understand and expand this exciting field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China.
| | - Lianghan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China.
| | - Zhaoting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China.
| | - Wenlong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China.
| | - Minjie Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China.
| | - Zhanwei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China.
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56
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Duan C, Hu JJ, Liu R, Dai J, Duan M, Yuan L, Xia F, Lou X. Spatial Order of Functional Modules Enabling Diverse Intracellular Performance of Fluorescent Probes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:18280-18288. [PMID: 34081387 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202106195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
To overcome a series of challenges in tumor therapy, modular-agent probes (MAPs) comprised of various functional modules have been proposed. Researchers have tried to optimize the MAPs by exploiting the new modules or increasing the numbers of module, while neglecting the configuration of various modules. Here, we focus on the different spatial arrangements of existing modules. By utilizing a tetraphenylethylene (TPE) derivative with stereochemical structure and dual modifiable end-group sites as small molecule scaffold, two MAPs with same modular agents (module T for enhancing the internalization of MAPs by tumor cells and module M for causing mitochondrial dysfunction) but different spatial arrangements (on the one side, TM-AIE, and two sides, T-AIE-M, of the molecule scaffold) are designed. T-AIE-M with larger RGD binding angle performed higher specificity, while TM-AIE characterizing longer α-helix structure displayed superior toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430078, China
| | - Jing-Jing Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430078, China
| | - Rui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430078, China
| | - Jun Dai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Mojie Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Lizhen Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430078, China
| | - Fan Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430078, China
| | - Xiaoding Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430078, China
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57
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58
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Saha PC, Bera T, Chatterjee T, Samanta J, Sengupta A, Bhattacharyya M, Guha S. Supramolecular Dipeptide-Based Near-Infrared Fluorescent Nanotubes for Cellular Mitochondria Targeted Imaging and Early Apoptosis. Bioconjug Chem 2021; 32:833-841. [PMID: 33826302 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.1c00106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we have designed and synthesized unsymmetrical visible Cy-3 and near-infrared (NIR) Cy-5 chromophores anchoring mitochondria targeting functional group conjugated with a Phe-Phe dipeptide by a microwave-assisted Fmoc solid phase peptide synthesis method on Wang resin. These dipeptide-based Cy-3-TPP/FF as well as Cy-5-TPP/FF molecules self-assemble to form fluorescent nanotubes in solution, and it has been confirmed by TEM, SEM, and AFM. The Cy-3-TPP/FF and Cy-5-TPP/FF molecules in solution exhibit narrow excitation as well as emission bands in the visible and NIR region, respectively. These lipophilic cationic fluorescent peptide molecules spontaneously and selectively accumulate inside the mitochondria of human carcinoma cells that have been experimentally validated by live cell confocal laser scanning microscopy and display a high Pearson's correlation coefficient in a colocalization assay. Live cell multicolor confocal imaging using the NIR Cy-5-TPP/FF in combination with other organelle specific dye is also accomplished. Moreover, these lipophilic dipeptide-based cationic molecules reach the critical aggregation concentration inside the mitochondria because of the extremely negative inner mitochondrial membrane potential [(ΔΨm)cancer ≈ -220 mV] and form supramolecular nanotubes which are accountable for malignant mitochondria targeted early apoptosis. The early apoptosis is arrested using Cy-5-TPP/FF and confirmed by annexin V-FITC/PI apoptosis detection assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranab Chandra Saha
- Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry Section, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Tapas Bera
- Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry Section, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Tanima Chatterjee
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, India
| | - Jayeeta Samanta
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Arunima Sengupta
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Maitree Bhattacharyya
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, India
| | - Samit Guha
- Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry Section, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
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59
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Chen L, Xia B, Yan B, Liu J, Miao Z, Ma Y, Wang J, Peng H, He T, Zha Z. Ultrasound lighting up AIEgens for potential surgical navigation. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:3317-3325. [PMID: 33666636 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb02832k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Multifunctional contrast-enhanced agents suitable for application in surgical navigation by taking advantage of the merits of their diverse imaging modalities at different surgical stages are highly sought-after. Herein, an amphipathic polymer composed of aggregation-induced emission fluorogens (AIEgens) and Gd3+ chelates was successfully synthesized and assembled into ultrasound responsive microbubbles (AIE-Gd MBs) to realize potential tri-modal contrast-enhanced ultrasound (US) imaging, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and AIEgen-based fluorescence imaging (FI) during the perioperative period. Through ultrasound targeted microbubble destruction (UTMD) and cavitation effect, the as-prepared AIE-Gd MBs went through a MBs-to-nanoparticles (NPs) conversion, which not only resulted in targeted accumulation in tumor tissues but also led to stronger fluorescence being exhibited due to the more aggregated AIE-Gd molecules in the NPs. As a proof-of-concept, our work proposes a strategy of US-lit-up AIEgens in tumors which could offer a simple and powerful tool for surgical navigation in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixiu Chen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, P. R. China.
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60
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Chen J, Zhao Y, Yao Q, Gao Y. Pathological environment directed in situ peptidic supramolecular assemblies for nanomedicines. Biomed Mater 2021; 16:022011. [PMID: 33630754 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/abc2e9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Peptidic self-assembly provides a powerful method to build biomedical materials with integrated functions. In particular, pathological environment instructed peptidic supramolecular have gained great progress in treating various diseases. Typically, certain pathology related factors convert hydrophilic precursors to corresponding more hydrophobic motifs to assemble into supramolecular structures. Herein, we would like to review the recent progress of nanomedicines based on the development of instructed self-assembly against several specific disease models. Firstly we introduce the cancer instructed self-assembly. These assemblies have exhibited great inhibition efficacy, as well as enhanced imaging contrast, against cancer models both in vitro and in vivo. Then we discuss the infection instructed peptidic self-assembly. A number of different molecular designs have demonstrated the potential antibacterial application with satisfied efficiency for peptidic supramolecular assemblies. Further, we discuss the application of instructed peptidic self-assembly for other diseases including neurodegenerative disease and vaccine. The assemblies have succeeded in down-regulating abnormal Aβ aggregates and immunotherapy. In summary, the self-assembly precursors are typical two-component molecules with (1) a self-assembling motif and (2) a cleavable trigger responsive to the pathological environment. Upon cleavage, the self-assembly occurs selectively in pathological loci whose targeting capability is independent from active targeting. Bearing the novel targeting regime, we envision that the pathological conditions instructed peptidic self-assembly will lead a paradigm shift on biomedical materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Chen
- CAS Center of Excellence for Nanoscience, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhao
- CAS Center of Excellence for Nanoscience, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingxin Yao
- CAS Center of Excellence for Nanoscience, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Gao
- CAS Center of Excellence for Nanoscience, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
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61
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Du B, Chong Y, Jiang X, Yu M, Lo UG, Dang A, Chen YA, Li S, Hernandez E, Lin JC, Hsieh JT, Zheng J. Hyperfluorescence Imaging of Kidney Cancer Enabled by Renal Secretion Pathway Dependent Efflux Transport. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:351-359. [PMID: 32876994 PMCID: PMC8635778 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202010187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Renal tubular secretion is an active efflux pathway for the kidneys to remove molecules but has yet to be used to enhance kidney cancer targeting. We report indocyanine green (ICG) conjugated with a 2100 Da PEG molecule (ICG-PEG45) as a renal-tubule-secreted near-infrared-emitting fluorophore for hyperfluorescence imaging of kidney cancers, which cannot be achieved with hepatobiliary- and glomerular-clearable ICG. This pathway-dependent targeting of kidney cancer arises from the fact that the secretion pathway enables ICG-PEG45 to be effectively effluxed out of normal proximal tubules through P-glycoprotein transporter while being retained in cancerous kidney tissues with low P-glycoprotein expression. Tuning elimination pathways and utilizing different efflux kinetics of medical agents in normal and diseased tissues could be a new strategy for tackling challenges in disease diagnosis and treatments that cannot be addressed with passive and ligand-receptor-mediated active targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bujie Du
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Rd., Richardson, TX 75080 (USA)
| | - Yue Chong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Rd., Richardson, TX 75080 (USA)
| | - Xingya Jiang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Rd., Richardson, TX 75080 (USA)
| | - Mengxiao Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Rd., Richardson, TX 75080 (USA)
| | - U-Gling Lo
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390 (USA)
| | - Andrew Dang
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390 (USA)
| | - Yu-An Chen
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390 (USA)
| | - Siqing Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Rd., Richardson, TX 75080 (USA)
| | - Elizabeth Hernandez
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390 (USA)
| | - Jason C. Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Rd., Richardson, TX 75080 (USA)
| | - Jer-Tsong Hsieh
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390 (USA)
| | - Jie Zheng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Rd., Richardson, TX 75080 (USA)
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390 (USA)
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62
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Hyperfluorescence Imaging of Kidney Cancer Enabled by Renal Secretion Pathway Dependent Efflux Transport. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202010187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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63
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Liu X, Sun X, Liang G. Peptide-based supramolecular hydrogels for bioimaging applications. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:315-327. [DOI: 10.1039/d0bm01020k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Peptide-based supramolecular hydrogels have unique merits in bioimaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering
- Southeast University
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Xianbao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering
- Southeast University
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Gaolin Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering
- Southeast University
- Nanjing
- China
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64
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Ren H, Li R, Chen Z, Li L, Wang H. Modification Methods and Applications of Self-Assembly Peptides. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202104020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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65
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Kubicek-Sutherland JZ, Makarov NS, Stromberg ZR, Lenz KD, Castañeda C, Mercer AN, Mukundan H, McDaniel H, Ramasamy K. Exploring the Biocompatibility of Near-IR CuInSe xS 2-x/ZnS Quantum Dots for Deep-Tissue Bioimaging. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:8567-8574. [PMID: 35019627 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Near-infrared (NIR) emitting quantum dots (QDs) with emission in the biological transparency windows (NIR-I: 650-950 nm and NIR-II: 1000-1350 nm) are promising candidates for deep-tissue bioimaging. However, they typically contain toxic heavy metals such as cadmium, mercury, arsenic, or lead. We report on the biocompatibility of high brightness CuInSexS2-x/ZnS (CISeS/ZnS) QDs with a tunable emission covering the visible to NIR (550-1300 nm peak emission) and quantify the transmission of their photoluminescence through multiple biological components to evaluate their use as imaging agents. In general, CISeS/ZnS QDs were less cytotoxic to mouse fibroblast cells when compared with commercial CdSe/ZnS and InP/ZnS QDs. Surprisingly, InP/ZnS QDs significantly upregulated expression of apoptotic genes in mouse fibroblast cells, while cells exposed to CISeS/ZnS QDs did not. These findings provide insight into biocompatibility and cytotoxicity of CISeS/ZnS QDs that could be used for bioimaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Z Kubicek-Sutherland
- Physical Chemistry and Applied Spectroscopy, Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | | | - Zachary R Stromberg
- Physical Chemistry and Applied Spectroscopy, Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Kiersten D Lenz
- Physical Chemistry and Applied Spectroscopy, Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | | | - Amanda N Mercer
- Physical Chemistry and Applied Spectroscopy, Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Harshini Mukundan
- Physical Chemistry and Applied Spectroscopy, Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
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Wang A, Mao Q, Zhao M, Ye S, Fang J, Cui C, Zhao Y, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhou F, Shi H. pH/Reduction Dual Stimuli-Triggered Self-Assembly of NIR Theranostic Probes for Enhanced Dual-Modal Imaging and Photothermal Therapy of Tumors. Anal Chem 2020; 92:16113-16121. [PMID: 33275417 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c03800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Tumor microenvironment plays a pivotal role in the growth and metastasis of tumors, and has become a promising target for precise diagnosis and treatment of tumors. Herein, a novel smart NIR theranostic probe Cy-1 that can simultaneously respond to low intracellular pH and reductive glutathione (GSH) is reported. This probe has demonstrated to be able to intermolecularly undergo a biologically compatible CBT-Cys condensation reaction to selectively form large nanoaggregates in the tumor microenvironment resulting in its enhanced accumulation and retention in the tumor, which as a consequence significantly improves the sensitivity of NIR/photoacoustic imaging and photothermal therapeutic efficacy of tumors in living mice. We thus believe that this dual stimuli-mediated self-assembly strategy may offer a promising and universal platform for cancer theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Qiulian Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Meng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Shuyue Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Jing Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Chaoxiang Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yuqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, P. R. China
| | - Feng Zhou
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, P. R. China
| | - Haibin Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
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Guo J, Tian C, Xu B. Biomaterials based on noncovalent interactions of small molecules. EXCLI JOURNAL 2020; 19:1124-1140. [PMID: 33088250 PMCID: PMC7573174 DOI: 10.17179/excli2020-2656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Unlike conventional materials that covalent bonds connecting atoms as the major force to hold the materials together, supramolecular biomaterials rely on noncovalent intermolecular interactions to assemble. The reversibility and biocompatibility of supramolecular biomaterials render them with diverse range of functions and lead to rapid development in the past two decades. This review focuses on the noncovalent and enzymatic control of supramolecular biomaterials, with the introduction to various triggering mechanism to initiate self-assembly. Representative applications of supramolecular biomaterials are highlighted in four categories: tissue engineering, cancer therapy, drug delivery, and molecular imaging. By introducing various applications, we intend to show enzymatic control and noncovalent interactions as a powerful tool for achieving spatiotemporal control of biomaterials both invitro and in vivo for biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South St., Waltham, MA 02453, USA
| | - Changhao Tian
- Department of Physics, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, China
| | - Bing Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South St., Waltham, MA 02453, USA
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Abstract
Enzymatic reactions and noncovalent (i.e., supramolecular) interactions are two fundamental nongenetic attributes of life. Enzymatic noncovalent synthesis (ENS) refers to a process where enzymatic reactions control intermolecular noncovalent interactions for spatial organization of higher-order molecular assemblies that exhibit emergent properties and functions. Like enzymatic covalent synthesis (ECS), in which an enzyme catalyzes the formation of covalent bonds to generate individual molecules, ENS is a unifying theme for understanding the functions, morphologies, and locations of molecular ensembles in cellular environments. This review intends to provide a summary of the works of ENS within the past decade and emphasize ENS for functions. After comparing ECS and ENS, we describe a few representative examples where nature uses ENS, as a rule of life, to create the ensembles of biomacromolecules for emergent properties/functions in a myriad of cellular processes. Then, we focus on ENS of man-made (synthetic) molecules in cell-free conditions, classified by the types of enzymes. After that, we introduce the exploration of ENS of man-made molecules in the context of cells by discussing intercellular, peri/intracellular, and subcellular ENS for cell morphogenesis, molecular imaging, cancer therapy, and other applications. Finally, we provide a perspective on the promises of ENS for developing molecular assemblies/processes for functions. This review aims to be an updated introduction for researchers who are interested in exploring noncovalent synthesis for developing molecular science and technologies to address societal needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjian He
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454, United States
| | - Weiyi Tan
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454, United States
| | - Jiaqi Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454, United States
| | - Meihui Yi
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454, United States
| | - Adrianna N Shy
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454, United States
| | - Bing Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454, United States
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Chen W, Li S, Lang JC, Chang Y, Pan Z, Kroll P, Sun X, Tang L, Dong H. Combined Tumor Environment Triggered Self-Assembling Peptide Nanofibers and Inducible Multivalent Ligand Display for Cancer Cell Targeting with Enhanced Sensitivity and Specificity. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e2002780. [PMID: 32812362 PMCID: PMC8283777 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202002780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Many new technologies, such as cancer microenvironment-induced nanoparticle targeting and multivalent ligand approach for cell surface receptors, are developed for active targeting in cancer therapy. While the principle of each technology is well illustrated, most systems suffer from low targeting specificity and sensitivity. To fill the gap, this work demonstrates a successful attempt to combine both technologies to simultaneously improve cancer cell targeting sensitivity and specificity. Specifically, the main component is a targeting ligand conjugated self-assembling monomer precursor (SAM-P), which, at the tumor site, undergoes tumor-triggered cleavage to release the active form of self-assembling monomer capable of forming supramolecular nanostructures. Biophysical characterization confirms the chemical and physical transformation of SAM-P from unimers or oligomers with low ligand valency to supramolecular assemblies with high ligand valency under a tumor-mimicking reductive microenvironment. The in vitro fluorescence assay shows the importance of supramolecular morphology in mediating ligand-receptor interactions and targeting sensitivity. Enhanced targeting specificity and sensitivity can be achieved via tumor-triggered supramolecular assembly and induces multivalent ligand presentation toward cell surface receptors, respectively. The results support this combined tumor microenvironment-induced cell targeting and multivalent ligand display approach, and have great potential for use as cell-specific molecular imaging and therapeutic agents with high sensitivity and specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weike Chen
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, 76019, USA
| | - Shuxin Li
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, 76019, USA
| | - John C Lang
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, 76019, USA
| | - Yan Chang
- College of Nursing and Health Innovation, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, 76019, USA
| | - Zui Pan
- College of Nursing and Health Innovation, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, 76019, USA
| | - Peter Kroll
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, 76019, USA
| | - Xiankai Sun
- Department of Radiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Liping Tang
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, 76019, USA
| | - He Dong
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, 76019, USA
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Tarvirdipour S, Huang X, Mihali V, Schoenenberger CA, Palivan CG. Peptide-Based Nanoassemblies in Gene Therapy and Diagnosis: Paving the Way for Clinical Application. Molecules 2020; 25:E3482. [PMID: 32751865 PMCID: PMC7435460 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25153482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology approaches play an important role in developing novel and efficient carriers for biomedical applications. Peptides are particularly appealing to generate such nanocarriers because they can be rationally designed to serve as building blocks for self-assembling nanoscale structures with great potential as therapeutic or diagnostic delivery vehicles. In this review, we describe peptide-based nanoassemblies and highlight features that make them particularly attractive for the delivery of nucleic acids to host cells or improve the specificity and sensitivity of probes in diagnostic imaging. We outline the current state in the design of peptides and peptide-conjugates and the paradigms of their self-assembly into well-defined nanostructures, as well as the co-assembly of nucleic acids to form less structured nanoparticles. Various recent examples of engineered peptides and peptide-conjugates promoting self-assembly and providing the structures with wanted functionalities are presented. The advantages of peptides are not only their biocompatibility and biodegradability, but the possibility of sheer limitless combinations and modifications of amino acid residues to induce the assembly of modular, multiplexed delivery systems. Moreover, functions that nature encoded in peptides, such as their ability to target molecular recognition sites, can be emulated repeatedly in nanoassemblies. Finally, we present recent examples where self-assembled peptide-based assemblies with "smart" activity are used in vivo. Gene delivery and diagnostic imaging in mouse tumor models exemplify the great potential of peptide nanoassemblies for future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabnam Tarvirdipour
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, 4058 Basel, Switzerland; (S.T.); (X.H.); (V.M.)
- Department of Biosystem Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Mattenstrasse 26, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Xinan Huang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, 4058 Basel, Switzerland; (S.T.); (X.H.); (V.M.)
| | - Voichita Mihali
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, 4058 Basel, Switzerland; (S.T.); (X.H.); (V.M.)
| | - Cora-Ann Schoenenberger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, 4058 Basel, Switzerland; (S.T.); (X.H.); (V.M.)
| | - Cornelia G. Palivan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, 4058 Basel, Switzerland; (S.T.); (X.H.); (V.M.)
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Quicker, deeper and stronger imaging: A review of tumor-targeted, near-infrared fluorescent dyes for fluorescence guided surgery in the preclinical and clinical stages. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2020; 152:123-143. [PMID: 32437752 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2020.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a public health problem and the main cause of human mortality and morbidity worldwide. Complete removal of tumors and metastatic lymph nodes in surgery is significantly beneficial for the prognosis of patients. Tumor-targeted, near-infrared fluorescent (NIRF) imaging is an emerging field of real-time intraoperative cancer imaging based on tumor-targeted NIRF dyes. Targeted NIRF dyes contain NIRF fluorophores and specific binding ligands such as antibodies, peptides and small molecules. The present article reviews recently updated tumor-targeted NIRF dyes for the molecular imaging of malignant tumors in the preclinical stage and clinical trials. The strengths and challenges of NIRF agents with tumor-targeting ability are also summarized. Smaller ligands, near infrared II dyes, dual-modality dyes and activatable dyes may contribute to quicker, deeper, stronger imaging in the nearest future. In this review, we highlighted tumor-targeted NIRF dyes for fluorescence-guided surgery and their potential clinical translation.
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Guo RC, Zhang XH, Ji L, Wei ZJ, Duan ZY, Qiao ZY, Wang H. Recent progress of therapeutic peptide based nanomaterials: from synthesis and self-assembly to cancer treatment. Biomater Sci 2020; 8:6175-6189. [DOI: 10.1039/d0bm01358g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This review has described the synthesis, self-assembly and the anti-cancer application of therapeutic peptides and their conjugates, particularly polymer–peptide conjugates (PPCs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruo-Chen Guo
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Hebei University of Technology
- Tianjin
- China
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety
| | - Xue-Hao Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST)
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Lei Ji
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST)
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Zi-Jin Wei
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST)
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Zhong-Yu Duan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Hebei University of Technology
- Tianjin
- China
| | - Zeng-Ying Qiao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST)
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Hao Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST)
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
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