51
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Chen YZ, Wang XF, Tian Y, Guo WJ, Wu M, Wu LZ, Tung CH, Yang QZ, Niu Z. Filamentous Virus Oriented Pyrene Excimer Emission and Its Efficient Energy Transfer. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2017.11.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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52
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Cassidy C, Yamashita M, Cheung M, Kalale C, Adaniya H, Kuwahara R, Shintake T. Water without windows: Evaluating the performance of open cell transmission electron microscopy under saturated water vapor conditions, and assessing its potential for microscopy of hydrated biological specimens. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186899. [PMID: 29099843 PMCID: PMC5669482 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We have performed open cell transmission electron microscopy experiments through pure water vapor in the saturation pressure regime (>0.6 kPa), in a modern microscope capable of sub-Å resolution. We have systematically studied achievable pressure levels, stability and gas purity, effective thickness of the water vapor column and associated electron scattering processes, and the effect of gas pressure on electron optical resolution and image contrast. For example, for 1.3 kPa pure water vapor and 300kV electrons, we report pressure stability of ± 20 Pa over tens of minutes, effective thickness of 0.57 inelastic mean free paths, lattice resolution of 0.14 nm on a reference Au specimen, and no significant degradation in contrast or stability of a biological specimen (M13 virus, with 6 nm body diameter). We have also done some brief experiments to confirm feasibility of loading specimens into an in situ water vapor ambient without exposure to intermediate desiccating conditions. Finally, we have also checked if water experiments had any discernible impact on the microscope performance, and report pertinent vacuum and electron optical data, for reference purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathal Cassidy
- Quantum Wave Microscopy, OIST Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Masao Yamashita
- Quantum Wave Microscopy, OIST Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Martin Cheung
- Quantum Wave Microscopy, OIST Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Chola Kalale
- Quantum Wave Microscopy, OIST Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Hidehito Adaniya
- Quantum Wave Microscopy, OIST Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Ryusuke Kuwahara
- Quantum Wave Microscopy, OIST Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Tsumoru Shintake
- Quantum Wave Microscopy, OIST Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
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53
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Ju Z, Sun W. Drug delivery vectors based on filamentous bacteriophages and phage-mimetic nanoparticles. Drug Deliv 2017; 24:1898-1908. [PMID: 29191048 PMCID: PMC8241185 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2017.1410259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
With the development of nanomedicine, a mass of nanocarriers have been exploited and utilized for targeted drug delivery, including liposomes, polymers, nanoparticles, viruses, and stem cells. Due to huge surface bearing capacity and flexible genetic engineering property, filamentous bacteriophage and phage-mimetic nanoparticles are attracting more and more attentions. As a rod-like bio-nanofiber without tropism to mammalian cells, filamentous phage can be easily loaded with drugs and directly delivered to the lesion location. In particular, chemical drugs can be conjugated on phage surface by chemical modification, and gene drugs can also be inserted into the genome of phage by recombinant DNA technology. Meanwhile, specific peptides/proteins displayed on the phage surface are able to conjugate with nanoparticles which will endow them specific-targeting and huge drug-loading capacity. Additionally, phage peptides/proteins can directly self-assemble into phage-mimetic nanoparticles which may be applied for self-navigating drug delivery nanovehicles. In this review, we summarize the production of phage particles, the identification of targeting peptides, and the recent applications of filamentous bacteriophages as well as their protein/peptide for targeting drug delivery in vitro and in vivo. The improvement of our understanding of filamentous bacteriophage and phage-mimetic nanoparticles will supply new tools for biotechnological approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Ju
- Medicine College, Guiyang University of Chinese Medicine, Huaxi university town, Guiyang City, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Development Regulation, College of Life Science, Guizhou Normal University, Huaxi university town, Guiyang City, Guizhou Province, China
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54
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Sherratt AR, Rouleau Y, Luebbert C, Strmiskova M, Veres T, Bidawid S, Corneau N, Pezacki JP. Rapid Screening and Identification of Living Pathogenic Organisms via Optimized Bioorthogonal Non-canonical Amino Acid Tagging. Cell Chem Biol 2017; 24:1048-1055.e3. [PMID: 28757183 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2017.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Pathogenic bacteria can be a major cause of illness from environmental sources as well as the consumption of contaminated products, giving rise to public health concerns globally. The surveillance of such living organisms in food and water supplies remains an important challenge in mitigating their deleterious societal effects. Here, we have developed an optimized bioorthogonal non-canonical amino acid tagging approach to the imaging, capture, and interrogation of shigatoxigenic/verotoxigenic Escherichia coli (VTEC) and Listeria that enables the distinction between living wild-type pathogenic bacteria. The approaches utilize homopropargylglycine (HPG), as well as optimized growth media, that restricts endogenous methionine biosynthesis in a variety of species of public health concern. Endogenous methionine residues are then replaced with HPG, which can then be modified using a myriad of compatible bioorthogonal reactions for tagging of exclusively live bacteria. The methods reported allow for the very rapid screening and identification of living pathogenic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Rae Sherratt
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Centre for Chemical and Synthetic Biology, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie-Curie Private, Ottawa K1N 6N5, Canada; Life Sciences Division, National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Yanouchka Rouleau
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Centre for Chemical and Synthetic Biology, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie-Curie Private, Ottawa K1N 6N5, Canada; Life Sciences Division, National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa K1A 0R6, Canada
| | | | - Miroslava Strmiskova
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Centre for Chemical and Synthetic Biology, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie-Curie Private, Ottawa K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Teodor Veres
- Life Sciences Division, National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Sabah Bidawid
- Health Canada, Bureau of Microbial Hazards, Ottawa K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Nathalie Corneau
- Health Canada, Bureau of Microbial Hazards, Ottawa K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - John Paul Pezacki
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Centre for Chemical and Synthetic Biology, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie-Curie Private, Ottawa K1N 6N5, Canada; Life Sciences Division, National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa K1A 0R6, Canada.
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55
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Lam P, Steinmetz NF. Plant viral and bacteriophage delivery of nucleic acid therapeutics. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 10. [DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Lam
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOHUSA
| | - Nicole F. Steinmetz
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOHUSA
- Department of RadiologyCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOHUSA
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOHUSA
- Department of Macromolecular Science and EngineeringCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOHUSA
- Division of General Medical Sciences‐Oncology, Case Comprehensive Cancer CenterCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOHUSA
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56
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Lee JH, Fan B, Samdin TD, Monteiro DA, Desai MS, Scheideler O, Jin HE, Kim S, Lee SW. Phage-Based Structural Color Sensors and Their Pattern Recognition Sensing System. ACS NANO 2017; 11:3632-3641. [PMID: 28355060 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b07942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian olfactory system provides great inspiration for the design of intelligent sensors. To this end, we have developed a bioinspired phage nanostructure-based color sensor array and a smartphone-based sensing network system. Using a M13 bacteriophage (phage) as a basic building block, we created structural color matrices that are composed of liquid-crystalline bundled nanofibers from self-assembled phages. The phages were engineered to express cross-responsive receptors on their major coat protein (pVIII), leading to rapid, detectable color changes upon exposure to various target chemicals, resulting in chemical- and concentration-dependent color fingerprints. Using these sensors, we have successfully detected 5-90% relative humidity with 0.2% sensitivity. In addition, after modification with aromatic receptors, we were able to distinguish between various structurally similar toxic chemicals including benzene, toluene, xylene, and aniline. Furthermore, we have developed a method of interpreting and disseminating results from these sensors using smartphones to establish a wireless system. Our phage-based sensor system has the potential to be very useful in improving national security and monitoring the environment and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Hun Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Biological Systems and Engineering, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Benson Fan
- Bioinspira Inc. , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Tuan D Samdin
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - David A Monteiro
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- University of California, Berkeley-University of California, San Francisco Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Malav S Desai
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Biological Systems and Engineering, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Olivia Scheideler
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Biological Systems and Engineering, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Hyo-Eon Jin
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Biological Systems and Engineering, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- College of Pharmacy, Ajou University , Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyoun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Dongguk University , Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Wuk Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Biological Systems and Engineering, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute , Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
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57
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Tăbăcaru A, Furdui B, Ghinea IO, Cârâc G, Dinică RM. Recent advances in click chemistry reactions mediated by transition metal based systems. Inorganica Chim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2016.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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58
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Karimi M, Mirshekari H, Moosavi Basri SM, Bahrami S, Moghoofei M, Hamblin MR. Bacteriophages and phage-inspired nanocarriers for targeted delivery of therapeutic cargos. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 106:45-62. [PMID: 26994592 PMCID: PMC5026880 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The main goal of drug delivery systems is to target therapeutic cargoes to desired cells and to ensure their efficient uptake. Recently a number of studies have focused on designing bio-inspired nanocarriers, such as bacteriophages, and synthetic carriers based on the bacteriophage structure. Bacteriophages are viruses that specifically recognize their bacterial hosts. They can replicate only inside their host cell and can act as natural gene carriers. Each type of phage has a particular shape, a different capacity for loading cargo, a specific production time, and their own mechanisms of supramolecular assembly, that have enabled them to act as tunable carriers. New phage-based technologies have led to the construction of different peptide libraries, and recognition abilities provided by novel targeting ligands. Phage hybridization with non-organic compounds introduces new properties to phages and could be a suitable strategy for construction of bio-inorganic carriers. In this review we try to cover the major phage species that have been used in drug and gene delivery systems, and the biological application of phages as novel targeting ligands and targeted therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Karimi
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Mirshekari
- Advanced Nanobiotechnology & Nanomedicine Research Group [ANNRG], Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Masoud Moosavi Basri
- Drug Design and Bioinformatics Unit, Medical Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran; Civil & Environmental Engineering Department, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sajad Bahrami
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Student Research Committee, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR, Iran
| | - Mohsen Moghoofei
- Student Research Committee, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR, Iran; Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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59
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Development of SERS substrate using phage-based magnetic template for triplex assay in sepsis diagnosis. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 85:522-528. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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60
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Identification and binding mechanism of phage displayed peptides with specific affinity to acidalkali treated titanium. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2016; 146:307-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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61
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Urquhart T, Daub E, Honek JF. Bioorthogonal Modification of the Major Sheath Protein of Bacteriophage M13: Extending the Versatility of Bionanomaterial Scaffolds. Bioconjug Chem 2016; 27:2276-2280. [PMID: 27626459 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.6b00460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
With a mass of ∼1.6 × 107 Daltons and composed of approximately 2700 proteins, bacteriophage M13 has been employed as a molecular scaffold in bionanomaterials fabrication. In order to extend the versatility of M13 in this area, residue-specific unnatural amino acid incorporation was employed to successfully display azide functionalities on specific solvent-exposed positions of the pVIII major sheath protein of this bacteriophage. Employing a combination of engineered mutants of the gene coding for the pVIII protein, the methionine (Met) analog, l-azidohomoalanine (Aha), and a suitable Escherichia coli Met auxotroph for phage production, conditions were developed to produce M13 bacteriophage labeled with over 350 active azides (estimated by fluorescent dye labeling utilizing a strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition) and capable of azide-selective attachment to 5 nm gold nanoparticles as visualized by transmission electron microscopy. The capability of this system to undergo dual labeling utilizing both chemical acylation and bioorthogonal cycloaddition reactions was also verified. The above stratagem should prove particularly advantageous in the preparation of assemblies of larger and more complex molecular architectures based on the M13 building block.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Urquhart
- Department of Chemistry, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo , 200 University Avenue, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
| | - Elisabeth Daub
- Department of Chemistry, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo , 200 University Avenue, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
| | - John Frank Honek
- Department of Chemistry, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo , 200 University Avenue, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
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62
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Choi B, Moon H, Hong SJ, Shin C, Do Y, Ryu S, Kang S. Effective Delivery of Antigen-Encapsulin Nanoparticle Fusions to Dendritic Cells Leads to Antigen-Specific Cytotoxic T Cell Activation and Tumor Rejection. ACS NANO 2016; 10:7339-50. [PMID: 27390910 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b08084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In cancer immunotherapy, robust and efficient activation of cytotoxic CD8(+) T cell immune responses is a promising, but challenging task. Dendritic cells (DCs) are well-known professional antigen presenting cells that initiate and regulate antigen-specific cytotoxic CD8(+) T cells that kill their target cells directly as well as secrete IFN-γ, a cytokine critical in tumor rejection. Here, we employed recently established protein cage nanoparticles, encapsulin (Encap), as antigenic peptide nanocarriers by genetically incorporating the OT-1 peptide of ovalbumin (OVA) protein to the three different positions of the Encap subunit. With them, we evaluated their efficacy in activating DC-mediated antigen-specific T cell cytotoxicity and consequent melanoma tumor rejection in vivo. DCs efficiently engulfed Encap and its variants (OT-1-Encaps), which carry antigenic peptides at different positions, and properly processed them within phagosomes. Delivered OT-1 peptides were effectively presented by DCs to naïve CD8(+) T cells successfully, resulting in the proliferation of antigen-specific cytotoxic CD8(+) T cells. OT-1-Encap vaccinations in B16-OVA melanoma tumor bearing mice effectively activated OT-1 peptide specific cytotoxic CD8(+) T cells before or even after tumor generation, resulting in significant suppression of tumor growth in prophylactic as well as therapeutic treatments. A large number of cytotoxic CD8(+) T cells that actively produce both intracellular and secretory IFN-γ were observed in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes collected from B16-OVA tumor masses originally vaccinated with OT-1-Encap-C upon tumor challenges. The approaches we describe herein may provide opportunities to develop epitope-dependent vaccination systems that stimulate and/or modulate efficient and epitope-specific cytotoxic T cell immune responses in nonpathogenic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bongseo Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) , Ulsan, 689-798, Korea
| | - Hyojin Moon
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) , Ulsan, 689-798, Korea
| | - Sung Joon Hong
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) , Ulsan, 689-798, Korea
| | - Changsik Shin
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) , Ulsan, 689-798, Korea
| | - Yoonkyung Do
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) , Ulsan, 689-798, Korea
| | - Seongho Ryu
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University , Cheonan, 336-745, Korea
| | - Sebyung Kang
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) , Ulsan, 689-798, Korea
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63
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Wen AM, Steinmetz NF. Design of virus-based nanomaterials for medicine, biotechnology, and energy. Chem Soc Rev 2016; 45:4074-126. [PMID: 27152673 PMCID: PMC5068136 DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00287g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This review provides an overview of recent developments in "chemical virology." Viruses, as materials, provide unique nanoscale scaffolds that have relevance in chemical biology and nanotechnology, with diverse areas of applications. Some fundamental advantages of viruses, compared to synthetically programmed materials, include the highly precise spatial arrangement of their subunits into a diverse array of shapes and sizes and many available avenues for easy and reproducible modification. Here, we will first survey the broad distribution of viruses and various methods for producing virus-based nanoparticles, as well as engineering principles used to impart new functionalities. We will then examine the broad range of applications and implications of virus-based materials, focusing on the medical, biotechnology, and energy sectors. We anticipate that this field will continue to evolve and grow, with exciting new possibilities stemming from advancements in the rational design of virus-based nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy M Wen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | - Nicole F Steinmetz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA. and Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA and Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA and Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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64
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Abstract
Long fascinating to biologists, viruses offer nanometer-scale benchtops for building molecular-scale devices and materials. Viruses tolerate a wide range of chemical modifications including reaction conditions, pH values, and temperatures. Recent examples of nongenetic manipulation of viral surfaces have extended viruses into applications ranging from biomedical imaging, drug delivery, tissue regeneration, and biosensors to materials for catalysis and energy generation. Chemical reactions on the phage surface include both covalent and noncovalent modifications, including some applied in conjunction with genetic modifications. Here, we survey viruses chemically augmented with capabilities limited only by imagination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kritika Mohan
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of
Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Gregory A. Weiss
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of
Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
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65
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Brasino MD, Cha JN. Isothermal rolling circle amplification of virus genomes for rapid antigen detection and typing. Analyst 2016; 140:5138-44. [PMID: 26040578 DOI: 10.1039/c5an00721f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In this work, isothermal rolling circle amplification (RCA) of the multi-kilobase genome of engineered filamentous bacteriophage is used to report the presence and identification of specific protein analytes in solution. First, bacteriophages were chosen as sensing platforms because peptides or antibodies that bind medically relevant targets can be isolated through phage display or expressed as fusions to their p3 and p8 coat proteins. Second, the circular, single-stranded genome contained within the phage serves as a natural large DNA template for a RCA reaction to rapidly generate exponential amounts of double stranded DNA in a single isothermal step that can be easily detected using low-cost fluorescent nucleic acid stains. Amplifying the entire phage genome also provides high detection sensitivities. Furthermore, since the sequence of the viral DNA can be easily modified with multiple restriction enzyme sites, a simple DNA digest can be applied to detect and identify multiple antigens simultaneously. The methods developed here will lead to protein sensors that are highly scalable to produce, can be run without complex biological equipment and do not require the use of multiple antibodies or high-cost fluorescent DNA probes or nucleotides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Brasino
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado, Boulder, USA
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66
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Lee DY, Lee H, Kim Y, Yoo SY, Chung WJ, Kim G. Phage as versatile nanoink for printing 3-D cell-laden scaffolds. Acta Biomater 2016; 29:112-124. [PMID: 26441128 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Revised: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Bioprinting is an emerging technology for producing tissue-mimetic 3-D structures using cell-containing hydrogels (bioink). Various synthetic and natural hydrogels with key characteristics, including biocompatibility, biodegradability, printability and crosslinkability, have been employed as ink materials in bioprinting. Choosing the right cell-containing "bioink" material is the most essential step for fabricating 3-D constructs with a controlled mechanical and biochemical microenvironment that can lead to successful tissue regeneration and repair. Here, we demonstrate that the genetically engineered M13 phage holds great potential for use as a versatile nanoink for printing 3-D cell-laden matrices. In particular, M13 phages displaying integrin-binding (GRGDS) and calcium-binding (DDYD) domains on their surface were blended with alginate to successfully form Ca(2+)-crosslinked hydrogels. Furthermore, 3-D cell-laden scaffolds with high cell viability were generated after optimizing the printing process. The MC3T3-E1 cells within these scaffolds showed enhanced proliferation and differentiation rates that increased proportionally with the concentration of phages in the 3-D matrices compared with the rates of cells in pure alginate scaffolds. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Bioprinting is an emerging technology for producing tissue-mimetic 3-D structures using cell-containing hydrogels called bioink. Choosing the right bioink is essential for fabricating 3-D structures with controlled mechanical and biochemical properties which lead to successful tissue regeneration. Therefore, there is a growing demand for a new bioink material that can be designed from molecular level. Here, we demonstrate that genetically engineered M13 phage holds great potential for use as versatile bioink. The phage-based bioink benefits from its replicability, self-assembling property, and tunable molecular design and enables bioprinted scaffolds to exhibit improved cell viability, proliferation and differentiation. This study opens the door for the development of genetically tunable nanofibrous bioink materials which closely mimic natural structural proteins in the extracellular matrix.
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67
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Lee JY, Chung J, Chung WJ, Kim G. Fabrication and in vitro biocompatibilities of fibrous biocomposites consisting of PCL and M13 bacteriophage-conjugated alginate for bone tissue engineering. J Mater Chem B 2015; 4:656-665. [PMID: 32262947 DOI: 10.1039/c5tb01748c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
As the M13 bacteriophage, which has integrin binding and calcium binding sites, provides topological cues from the nanofibrous shape and biochemical cues from the Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) sequence attached to the surface of fibrous phage, it has been recommended as a bioactive component for use in bone tissue engineering. However, although it has good biological activities, its low mechanical properties and low processing ability represent major issues that must be overcome before its use as a tissue engineering substitute. To overcome these issues, we chemically conjugated the M13 bacteriophage and alginate with a cross-linking agent and it was used as a bioactive component on electrospun poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) micro/nanofibres. Assessment of the physical properties and in vitro biocompatibility using osteoblast-like cells indicated that the biocomposite supplemented with the conjugated phage/alginate was mechanically enhanced, and the extent of mineralisation of cells on the composite was significantly higher compared to that on the fibrous composites fabricated using physically mixed M13 phage/alginate and RGD-modified alginate. These results indicate that M13 phage-conjugated alginate may have potential to be used as an excellent bioactive component for bone tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Yoon Lee
- Department of Biomechatronic Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea.
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68
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Carr-Smith J, Pacheco-Gómez R, Little HA, Hicks MR, Sandhu S, Steinke N, Smith DJ, Rodger A, Goodchild SA, Lukaszewski RA, Tucker JHR, Dafforn TR. Polymerase Chain Reaction on a Viral Nanoparticle. ACS Synth Biol 2015; 4:1316-25. [PMID: 26046486 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.5b00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The field of synthetic biology includes studies that aim to develop new materials and devices from biomolecules. In recent years, much work has been carried out using a range of biomolecular chassis including α-helical coiled coils, β-sheet amyloids and even viral particles. In this work, we show how hybrid bionanoparticles can be produced from a viral M13 bacteriophage scaffold through conjugation with DNA primers that can template a polymerase chain reaction (PCR). This unprecedented example of a PCR on a virus particle has been studied by flow aligned linear dichroism spectroscopy, which gives information on the structure of the product as well as a new protototype methodology for DNA detection. We propose that this demonstration of PCR on the surface of a bionanoparticle is a useful addition to ways in which hybrid assemblies may be constructed using synthetic biology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Alison Rodger
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, Warwickshire CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah A. Goodchild
- Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4 0JQ, United Kingdom
| | - Roman A. Lukaszewski
- Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4 0JQ, United Kingdom
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69
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Chen Z, Li N, Li S, Dharmarwardana M, Schlimme A, Gassensmith JJ. Viral chemistry: the chemical functionalization of viral architectures to create new technology. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 8:512-34. [DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Chen
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryThe University of Texas at DallasRichardsonTXUSA
| | - Na Li
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryThe University of Texas at DallasRichardsonTXUSA
| | - Shaobo Li
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryThe University of Texas at DallasRichardsonTXUSA
| | | | - Anna Schlimme
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryThe University of Texas at DallasRichardsonTXUSA
| | - Jeremiah J Gassensmith
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryThe University of Texas at DallasRichardsonTXUSA
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70
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Pei X, Zan T, Li H, Chen Y, Shi L, Zhang Z. Pure Anisotropic Hydrogel with an Inherent Chiral Internal Structure Based on the Chiral Nematic Liquid Crystal Phase of Rodlike Viruses. ACS Macro Lett 2015; 4:1215-1219. [PMID: 35614839 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.5b00677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Imparting ordered structures into otherwise amorphous hydrogels is expected to endow these popular materials with novel multiple-stimuli responsiveness that promises many applications. The current contribution reports a method to fabricate pure polymeric hydrogels with an inherent chiral internal structure by templating on the chiral nematic liquid crystal phase of a rodlike virus. A method was developed to form macroscopically homogeneous chiral templates by confinement induced self-assembly in the presence of monomers, cross-linkers and initiators. Polymerization induced gelation was performed without perturbing the elegant 3D chiral organization of the rodlike virus bearing double bonds. Furthermore, a suitable method was found to remove the organic virus template while keeping the desired polymeric replica intact, resulting in a pure polymeric hydrogel with a unique internal chiral feature that originates from the 3D chiral ordering of the cylindrical pores left by the virus. Multiple-stimuli responsiveness has been demonstrated and can be quantified by the change of the pitch of the chiral feature. The chiral structure endows the otherwise featureless hydrogel with a unique material property that might be used as a readout signal for sensing and acts as the basis for responsive, biomimetic nanostructured materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Pei
- Key
Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education,
Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Tingting Zan
- School
of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Hengming Li
- Key
Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education,
Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yingjun Chen
- Key
Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education,
Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Linqi Shi
- Key
Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education,
Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Zhenkun Zhang
- Key
Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education,
Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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71
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Adhikari M, Strych U, Kim J, Goux H, Dhamane S, Poongavanam MV, Hagström AEV, Kourentzi K, Conrad JC, Willson RC. Aptamer-Phage Reporters for Ultrasensitive Lateral Flow Assays. Anal Chem 2015; 87:11660-5. [PMID: 26456715 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b00702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
We introduce the modification of bacteriophage particles with aptamers for use as bioanalytical reporters, and demonstrate the use of these particles in ultrasensitive lateral flow assays. M13 phage displaying an in vivo biotinylatable peptide (AviTag) genetically fused to the phage tail protein pIII were used as reporter particle scaffolds, with biotinylated aptamers attached via avidin-biotin linkages, and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) reporter enzymes covalently attached to the pVIII coat protein. These modified viral nanoparticles were used in immunochromatographic sandwich assays for the direct detection of IgE and of the penicillin-binding protein from Staphylococcus aureus (PBP2a). We also developed an additional lateral flow assay for IgE, in which the analyte is sandwiched between immobilized anti-IgE antibodies and aptamer-bearing reporter phage modified with HRP. The limit of detection of this LFA was 0.13 ng/mL IgE, ∼100 times lower than those of previously reported IgE assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meena Adhikari
- Department of Biology & Biochemistry, University of Houston , Houston, Texas 77004, United States
| | - Ulrich Strych
- Department of Biology & Biochemistry, University of Houston , Houston, Texas 77004, United States
| | - Jinsu Kim
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston , Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Heather Goux
- Department of Biology & Biochemistry, University of Houston , Houston, Texas 77004, United States
| | - Sagar Dhamane
- Department of Biology & Biochemistry, University of Houston , Houston, Texas 77004, United States
| | | | - Anna E V Hagström
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston , Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Katerina Kourentzi
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston , Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Jacinta C Conrad
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston , Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Richard C Willson
- Department of Biology & Biochemistry, University of Houston , Houston, Texas 77004, United States.,Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston , Houston, Texas 77204, United States.,Centro de Biotecnología FEMSA, Tecnológico de Monterrey , Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
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72
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Vasconcelos SNS, Shamim A, Ali B, de Oliveira IM, Stefani HA. Functionalization of protected tyrosine via Sonogashira reaction: synthesis of 3-(1,2,3-triazolyl)-tyrosine. Mol Divers 2015; 20:469-81. [DOI: 10.1007/s11030-015-9642-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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73
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Vera-Robles LI, González-Gracida J, Hernández-Gordillo A, Campero A. Using the M13 Phage as a Biotemplate to Create Mesoporous Structures Decorated with Gold and Platinum Nanoparticles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:9188-9197. [PMID: 26275033 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b01741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
By taking advantage of the physical and chemical properties of the M13 bacteriophage, we have used this virus to synthesize mesoporous silica structures. Major coat protein p8 was chemically modified by attaching thiol groups. As we show, the resulting thiolated phage can be used as a biotemplate able to direct the formation of mesoporous silica materials. Simultaneously, this thiol functionality acts as an anchor for binding metal ions, such as Au(3+) and Pt(4+), forming reactive M13-metal ionic complexes which evolve into metal nanoparticles (NPs) trapped in the mesoporous network. Interestingly, Au(3+) ions are reduced to Au(0) NPs by the protein residues without requiring an external reducing agent. Likewise, silica mesostructures decorated with Au and Pt NPs are prepared in a one-pot synthesis and characterized using different techniques. The obtained results allow us to propose a mechanism of formation. In addition, gold-containing mesoporous structures are tested for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) and methylene blue (MB) in the presence of NaBH4. Although all of the gold-containing catalysts exhibit catalytic activity, those obtained with thiolated phages present a better performance than that obtained with M13 alone. This behavior is ascribed to the position of the Au NPs, which are partially embedded in the wall of the final mesostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Irais Vera-Robles
- Departamento de Química, Área de Biofisicoquímica, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa , San Rafael Atlixco No. 186, Col. Vicentina, 09340 México D.F., México
| | - Jaqueline González-Gracida
- Departamento de Química, Área de Biofisicoquímica, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa , San Rafael Atlixco No. 186, Col. Vicentina, 09340 México D.F., México
| | - Armin Hernández-Gordillo
- Departamento de Química, Área de Biofisicoquímica, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa , San Rafael Atlixco No. 186, Col. Vicentina, 09340 México D.F., México
| | - Antonio Campero
- Departamento de Química, Área de Inorgánica, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa , San Rafael Atlixco No. 186, Col. Vicentina, 09340 México D.F., México
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74
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Górski A, Dąbrowska K, Hodyra-Stefaniak K, Borysowski J, Międzybrodzki R, Weber-Dąbrowska B. Phages targeting infected tissues: novel approach to phage therapy. Future Microbiol 2015; 10:199-204. [PMID: 25689532 DOI: 10.2217/fmb.14.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
While the true efficacy of phage therapy still requires formal confirmation in clinical trials, it continues to offer realistic potential treatment in patients in whom antibiotics have failed. Novel developments and approaches are therefore needed to ascertain that future clinical trials would evaluate the therapy in its optimal form thus allowing for reliable conclusions regarding the true value of phage therapy. In this article, we present our vision to develop and establish a bank of phages specific to most threatening pathogens and armed with homing peptides enabling their localization in infected tissues in densities assuring efficient and stable eradication of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Górski
- L Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology & Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Science, Wroclaw, Poland
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75
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Henry KA, Arbabi-Ghahroudi M, Scott JK. Beyond phage display: non-traditional applications of the filamentous bacteriophage as a vaccine carrier, therapeutic biologic, and bioconjugation scaffold. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:755. [PMID: 26300850 PMCID: PMC4523942 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
For the past 25 years, phage display technology has been an invaluable tool for studies of protein-protein interactions. However, the inherent biological, biochemical, and biophysical properties of filamentous bacteriophage, as well as the ease of its genetic manipulation, also make it an attractive platform outside the traditional phage display canon. This review will focus on the unique properties of the filamentous bacteriophage and highlight its diverse applications in current research. Particular emphases are placed on: (i) the advantages of the phage as a vaccine carrier, including its high immunogenicity, relative antigenic simplicity and ability to activate a range of immune responses, (ii) the phage's potential as a prophylactic and therapeutic agent for infectious and chronic diseases, (iii) the regularity of the virion major coat protein lattice, which enables a variety of bioconjugation and surface chemistry applications, particularly in nanomaterials, and (iv) the phage's large population sizes and fast generation times, which make it an excellent model system for directed protein evolution. Despite their ubiquity in the biosphere, metagenomics work is just beginning to explore the ecology of filamentous and non-filamentous phage, and their role in the evolution of bacterial populations. Thus, the filamentous phage represents a robust, inexpensive, and versatile microorganism whose bioengineering applications continue to expand in new directions, although its limitations in some spheres impose obstacles to its widespread adoption and use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin A. Henry
- Human Health Therapeutics Portfolio, National Research Council Canada, OttawaON, Canada
| | - Mehdi Arbabi-Ghahroudi
- Human Health Therapeutics Portfolio, National Research Council Canada, OttawaON, Canada
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, GuelphON, Canada
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, OttawaON, Canada
| | - Jamie K. Scott
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BCCanada
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, BurnabyBC, Canada
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76
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Vilona D, Di Lorenzo R, Carraro M, Licini G, Trainotti L, Bonchio M. Viral nano-hybrids for innovative energy conversion and storage schemes. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:6718-6730. [PMID: 32262464 DOI: 10.1039/c5tb00924c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Typical rod-like viruses (the Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV) and the Bacteriophage M13) are biological nanostructures that couple a 1D mono-dispersed morphology with a precisely defined topology of surface spaced and orthogonal reactive domains. These biogenic scaffolds offer a unique alternative to synthetic nano-platforms for the assembly of functional molecules and materials. Spatially resolved 1D arrays of inorganic-organic hybrid domains can thus be obtained on viral nano-templates resulting in the functional arrangement of photo-triggers and catalytic sites with applications in light energy conversion and storage. Different synthetic strategies are herein highlighted depending on the building blocks and with a particular emphasis on the molecular design of viral-templated nano-interfaces holding great potential for the dream-goal of artificial photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Vilona
- CNR-ITM and Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via F. Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy.
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77
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Chen L, Wu Y, Lin Y, Wang Q. Virus-templated FRET platform for the rational design of ratiometric fluorescent nanosensors. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:10190-3. [PMID: 26012560 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc02866c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report here the construction of a bacteriophage M13-templated supramolecular nanosystem, i.e. M13-β-CD/Ada-FITC/Ada-RhB, which can be used as effective ratiometric fluorescent sensors for intracellular sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China.
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78
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Tian Y, Wu M, Liu X, Liu Z, Zhou Q, Niu Z, Huang Y. Probing the endocytic pathways of the filamentous bacteriophage in live cells using ratiometric pH fluorescent indicator. Adv Healthc Mater 2015; 4:413-9. [PMID: 25308797 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201400508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Revised: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Viral nanoparticles have attracted extensive research interests in diverse applications of diagnosis and therapy. In particular, filamentous M13 bacteriophages have shown great potential in biomedical applications. However, its pathways entering into cells still remain unclear, and this greatly hinders its further use as a drug or gene carrier. Here, a ratiometric M13 pH probe is designed by conjugating two fluorescent dyes onto the surface of M13. Since the intensity ratio is not influenced by probe concentration, ion strength, temperature, photobleaching, and optical path length, this ratiometric probe can be used to investigate the intracellular pH map of M13. More importantly, the internalization mechanism of M13 can be elucidated. It is found that this filamentous phage shows great cell-type dependence in interaction with cells and internalization mechanism. The phage tends to be bounded on the cell membrane of only epithelial cells, not endothelial cells. Furthermore, the M13 phage enters into cells through endocytosis with specific mechanism: clathrin-mediated endocytosis and macropinocytosis for HeLa; vesicular transport, clathrin-mediated endocytosis, and macropinocytosis for MCF-7; caveolae-mediated endocytosis for human dermal microvascular endothelial cell (HDMEC). This work provides key notes for cancer diagnosis and therapy based on filamentous bacteriophage, especially for design of pH-sensitive drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Tian
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic; Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 29 Zhongguancun East Road Beijing 100190 China
| | - Man Wu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic; Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 29 Zhongguancun East Road Beijing 100190 China
| | - Xiangxiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic; Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 29 Zhongguancun East Road Beijing 100190 China
| | - Zhi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic; Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 29 Zhongguancun East Road Beijing 100190 China
| | - Quan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic; Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 29 Zhongguancun East Road Beijing 100190 China
| | - Zhongwei Niu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic; Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 29 Zhongguancun East Road Beijing 100190 China
| | - Yong Huang
- National Research Center of Engineering Plastics; Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 29 Zhongguancun East Road Beijing 100190 China
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79
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Molek P, Bratkovič T. Bacteriophages as scaffolds for bipartite display: designing swiss army knives on a nanoscale. Bioconjug Chem 2015; 26:367-78. [PMID: 25654261 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.5b00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Bacteriophages have been exploited as cloning vectors and display vehicles for decades owing to their genetic and structural simplicity. In bipartite display setting, phage takes on the role of a handle to which two modules are attached, each endowing it with specific functionality, much like the Swiss army knife. This concept offers unprecedented potential for phage applications in nanobiotechnology. Here, we compare common phage display platforms and discuss approaches to simultaneously append two or more different (poly)peptides or synthetic compounds to phage coat using genetic fusions, chemical or enzymatic conjugations, and in vitro noncovalent decoration techniques. We also review current reports on design of phage frameworks to link multiple effectors, and their use in diverse scientific disciplines. Bipartite phage display had left its mark in development of biosensors, vaccines, and targeted delivery vehicles. Furthermore, multifunctionalized phages have been utilized to template assembly of inorganic materials and protein complexes, showing promise as scaffolds in material sciences and structural biology, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Molek
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Aškerčeva 7, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tomaž Bratkovič
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Aškerčeva 7, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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80
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Creating highly amplified enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay signals from genetically engineered bacteriophage. Anal Biochem 2015; 470:7-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2014.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Revised: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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81
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Tomkins MR, Liao DS, Docoslis A. Accelerated detection of viral particles by combining AC electric field effects and micro-Raman spectroscopy. SENSORS 2015; 15:1047-59. [PMID: 25580902 PMCID: PMC4327063 DOI: 10.3390/s150101047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A detection method that combines electric field-assisted virus capture on antibody-decorated surfaces with the “fingerprinting” capabilities of micro-Raman spectroscopy is demonstrated for the case of M13 virus in water. The proof-of-principle surface mapping of model bioparticles (protein coated polystyrene spheres) captured by an AC electric field between planar microelectrodes is presented with a methodology for analyzing the resulting spectra by comparing relative peak intensities. The same principle is applied to dielectrophoretically captured M13 phage particles whose presence is indirectly confirmed with micro-Raman spectroscopy using NeutrAvidin-Cy3 as a labeling molecule. It is concluded that the combination of electrokinetically driven virus sampling and micro-Raman based signal transduction provides a promising approach for time-efficient and in situ detection of viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Shiqi Liao
- Department of Chemical Engineering Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada.
| | - Aristides Docoslis
- Department of Chemical Engineering Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada.
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82
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Santoso B, Murray BW. Maleimide-based method for elaboration of cysteine-containing peptide phage libraries. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1248:267-76. [PMID: 25616339 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2020-4_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Peptide-based molecules are known to have therapeutic utility, but the generation of phage-focused libraries to optimize peptide properties and functionality is challenging. Genetic approaches are limited to peptide extension on the peptide termini. Current chemical methods are technically challenging and time-consuming. A new chemical method is developed to extend a maleimide-conjugated peptide with a cysteine-containing random peptide phage display library. As a proof of concept, a 15-mer epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-binding peptide was synthesized with a maleimide group at its C-terminus and then conjugated to the cysteine-containing library. After panning and screening, several extended peptides were discovered and tested to have a higher affinity to EGFR. This strategy can have broad utility to optimize pharmacophores of any modalities (peptides, unnatural peptides, drug conjugates) capable of bearing a maleimide group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buyung Santoso
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10646 Science Center Dr, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
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83
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Wang L, Liu L, Wu L, Liu L, Wang X, Yang S, Zhao H. Environmentally responsive amino acid-bioconjugated dynamic covalent copolymer as a versatile scaffold for conjugation. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra00192g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
A tyrosine-conjugated biodynamer with thermo/pH-responsive and adaptive features is constructed and modified by tyrosine-click reaction and HRP-mediated oxidative coupling reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials
- Ministry of Education
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)
| | - Li Liu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials
- Ministry of Education
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)
| | - Libin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials
- Ministry of Education
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)
| | - Lingzhi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials
- Ministry of Education
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)
| | - Xiaobei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials
- Ministry of Education
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)
| | - Shixia Yang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials
- Ministry of Education
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)
| | - Hanying Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials
- Ministry of Education
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)
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84
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Bernard JML, Francis MB. Chemical strategies for the covalent modification of filamentous phage. Front Microbiol 2014; 5:734. [PMID: 25566240 PMCID: PMC4274979 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Historically filamentous bacteriophage have been known to be the workhorse of phage display due to their ability to link genotype to phenotype. More recently, the filamentous phage scaffold has proven to be powerful outside the realm of phage display technology in fields such as molecular imaging, cancer research and materials, and vaccine development. The ability of the virion to serve as a platform for a variety of applications heavily relies on the functionalization of the phage coat proteins with a wide variety of functionalities. Genetic modification of the coat proteins has been the most widely used strategy for functionalizing the virion; however, complementary chemical modification strategies can help to diversify the range of materials that can be developed. This review emphasizes the recent advances that have been made in the chemical modification of filamentous phage as well as some of the challenges that are involved in functionalizing the virion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna M L Bernard
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Berkeley Berkeley, CA, USA ; Materials Sciences Division - Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratories Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Matthew B Francis
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Berkeley Berkeley, CA, USA ; Materials Sciences Division - Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratories Berkeley, CA, USA
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85
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Chung WJ, Lee DY, Yoo SY. Chemical modulation of M13 bacteriophage and its functional opportunities for nanomedicine. Int J Nanomedicine 2014; 9:5825-36. [PMID: 25540583 PMCID: PMC4270384 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s73883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
M13 bacteriophage (phage) has emerged as an attractive bionanomaterial owing to its genetically tunable surface chemistry and its potential to self-assemble into hierarchical structures. Furthermore, because of its unique nanoscopic structure, phage has been proposed as a model system in soft condensed physics and as a biomimetic building block for structured functional materials. Genetic engineering of phage provides great opportunities to develop novel nanomaterials with functional surface peptide motifs; however, this biological approach is generally limited to peptides containing the 20 natural amino acids. To extend the scope of phage applications, strategies involving chemical modification have been employed to incorporate a wider range of functional groups, including synthetic chemical compounds. In this review, we introduce the design of chemoselective phage functionalization and discuss how such a strategy is combined with genetic engineering for a variety of medical applications, as reported in recent literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo-Jae Chung
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Doe-Young Lee
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - So Young Yoo
- BIO-IT Foundry Technology Institute, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea ; Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
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86
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Jones LH, Narayanan A, Hett EC. Understanding and applying tyrosine biochemical diversity. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2014; 10:952-69. [PMID: 24623162 DOI: 10.1039/c4mb00018h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights some of the recent advances made in our understanding of the diversity of tyrosine biochemistry and shows how this has inspired novel applications in numerous areas of molecular design and synthesis, including chemical biology and bioconjugation. The pathophysiological implications of tyrosine biochemistry will be presented from a molecular perspective and the opportunities for therapeutic intervention explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyn H Jones
- Pfizer R&D, Chemical Biology Group, BioTherapeutics Chemistry, WorldWide Medicinal Chemistry, 200 Cambridge Park Drive, Cambridge, MA 02140, USA.
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87
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Ahn S, Jeon S, Kwak EA, Kim JM, Jaworski J. Virus-based surface patterning of biological molecules, probes, and inorganic materials. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2014; 122:851-856. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2014.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2014] [Revised: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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88
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Moon H, Lee J, Min J, Kang S. Developing Genetically Engineered Encapsulin Protein Cage Nanoparticles as a Targeted Delivery Nanoplatform. Biomacromolecules 2014; 15:3794-801. [DOI: 10.1021/bm501066m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyojin Moon
- Department of Biological
Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 689-798, Korea
| | - Jisu Lee
- Department of Biological
Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 689-798, Korea
| | - Junseon Min
- Department of Biological
Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 689-798, Korea
| | - Sebyung Kang
- Department of Biological
Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 689-798, Korea
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89
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Viral nanoparticle-encapsidated enzyme and restructured DNA for cell delivery and gene expression. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:13319-24. [PMID: 25161284 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1321940111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Packaging specific exogenous active proteins and DNAs together within a single viral-nanocontainer is challenging. The bacteriophage T4 capsid (100 × 70 nm) is well suited for this purpose, because it can hold a single long DNA or multiple short pieces of DNA up to 170 kb packed together with more than 1,000 protein molecules. Any linear DNA can be packaged in vitro into purified procapsids. The capsid-targeting sequence (CTS) directs virtually any protein into the procapsid. Procapsids are assembled with specific CTS-directed exogenous proteins that are encapsidated before the DNA. The capsid also can display on its surface high-affinity eukaryotic cell-binding peptides or proteins that are in fusion with small outer capsid and head outer capsid surface-decoration proteins that can be added in vivo or in vitro. In this study, we demonstrate that the site-specific recombinase cyclic recombination (Cre) targeted into the procapsid is enzymatically active within the procapsid and recircularizes linear plasmid DNA containing two terminal loxP recognition sites when packaged in vitro. mCherry expression driven by a cytomegalovirus promoter in the capsid containing Cre-circularized DNA is enhanced over linear DNA, as shown in recipient eukaryotic cells. The efficient and specific packaging into capsids and the unpackaging of both DNA and protein with release of the enzymatically altered protein-DNA complexes from the nanoparticles into cells have potential in numerous downstream drug and gene therapeutic applications.
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90
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DePorter SM, McNaughton BR. Engineered M13 bacteriophage nanocarriers for intracellular delivery of exogenous proteins to human prostate cancer cells. Bioconjug Chem 2014; 25:1620-5. [PMID: 25134017 DOI: 10.1021/bc500339k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The size, well-defined structure, and relatively high folding energies of most proteins allow them to recognize disease-relevant receptors that present a challenge to small molecule reagents. While multiple challenges must be overcome in order to fully exploit the use of protein reagents in basic research and medicine, perhaps the greatest challenge is their intracellular delivery to a particular diseased cell. Here, we describe the genetic and enzymatic manipulation of prostate cancer cell-penetrating M13 bacteriophage to generate nanocarriers for the intracellular delivery of functional exogenous proteins to a human prostate cancer cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra M DePorter
- Department of Chemistry, and ‡Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Colorado State University , Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
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91
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Lee HE, Lee HK, Chang H, Ahn HY, Erdene N, Lee HY, Lee YS, Jeong DH, Chung J, Nam KT. Virus templated gold nanocube chain for SERS nanoprobe. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2014; 10:3007-3011. [PMID: 24700483 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201400527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Revised: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A M13 virus based SERS nanoprobe is presented. Gold nanocubes closely aligned into chains along the length of the virus intensify Raman signals of various reporter molecules serving as specific labels. An antibody is expressed at one end to detect the analyte. This new SERS nanoprobe holds promise for infinitesimal and multiplexed detection of any antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Eun Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 151-744, Korea
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92
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Hodyra K, Dąbrowska K. Molecular and chemical engineering of bacteriophages for potential medical applications. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2014; 63:117-27. [PMID: 25048831 PMCID: PMC4359349 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-014-0305-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Recent progress in molecular engineering has contributed to the great progress of medicine. However, there are still difficult problems constituting a challenge for molecular biology and biotechnology, e.g. new generation of anticancer agents, alternative biosensors or vaccines. As a biotechnological tool, bacteriophages (phages) offer a promising alternative to traditional approaches. They can be applied as anticancer agents, novel platforms in vaccine design, or as target carriers in drug discovery. Phages also offer solutions for modern cell imaging, biosensor construction or food pathogen detection. Here we present a review of bacteriophage research as a dynamically developing field with promising prospects for further development of medicine and biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Hodyra
- Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, R. Weigla 12, 53-114, Wrocław, Poland
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93
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Schoonen L, van Hest JCM. Functionalization of protein-based nanocages for drug delivery applications. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:7124-41. [PMID: 24860847 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr00915k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Traditional drug delivery strategies involve drugs which are not targeted towards the desired tissue. This can lead to undesired side effects, as normal cells are affected by the drugs as well. Therefore, new systems are now being developed which combine targeting functionalities with encapsulation of drug cargo. Protein nanocages are highly promising drug delivery platforms due to their perfectly defined structures, biocompatibility, biodegradability and low toxicity. A variety of protein nanocages have been modified and functionalized for these types of applications. In this review, we aim to give an overview of different types of modifications of protein-based nanocontainers for drug delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lise Schoonen
- Institute of Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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94
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Farr R, Choi DS, Lee SW. Phage-based nanomaterials for biomedical applications. Acta Biomater 2014; 10:1741-50. [PMID: 23823252 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Revised: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in nanotechnology enable us to manipulate and produce materials with molecular level control. In the newly emerging field of bionanomedicine, it is essential to precisely control the physical, chemical and biological properties of materials. Among other biological building blocks, viruses are a promising nanomaterial that can be functionalized with great precision. Since the production of viral particles is directed by the genetic information encapsulated in their protein shells, the viral particles create precisely defined sizes and shapes. In addition, the composition and surface properties of the particles can be controlled through genetic engineering and chemical modification. In this manuscript, we review the advances of virus-based nanomaterials for biomedical applications in three different areas: phage therapy, drug delivery and tissue engineering. By exploiting and manipulating the original functions of viruses, viral particles hold great possibilities in these biomedical applications to improve human health.
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95
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Choi DS, Jin HE, Yoo SY, Lee SW. Cyclic RGD peptide incorporation on phage major coat proteins for improved internalization by HeLa cells. Bioconjug Chem 2014; 25:216-23. [PMID: 24328047 DOI: 10.1021/bc4003234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Delivering therapeutic materials or imaging reagents into specific tumor tissues is critically important for development of novel cancer therapeutics and diagnostics. Genetically engineered phages possess promising structural features to develop cancer therapeutic materials. For cancer targeting purposes, we developed a novel engineered phage that expressed cyclic RGD (cRGD) peptides on the pVIII major coat protein using recombinant DNA technology. Using a type 88 phage engineering approach, which inserts a new gene to express additional major coat protein in the noncoding region of the phage genome, we incorporated an additional pVIII major coat protein with relatively bulky cRGD and assembled heterogeneous major coat proteins on the F88.4 phage surfaces. With IPTG control, we could tune different numbers of cRGD peptide displayed on the phage particles up to 140 copies. The resulting phage with cRGD on the recombinant pVIII protein exhibited enhanced internalization efficiency into HeLa cells in a ligand density and conformational structure dependent manner when comparing with the M13 phages modified with either linear RGD on pVIII or cRGD on pIII. Our cRGD peptide engineered phage could be useful for cancer therapy or diagnostic purposes after further modifying the phage with drug molecules or contrast reagents in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Shin Choi
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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96
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Cao J, Liu S, Chen Y, Shi L, Zhang Z. Synthesis of end-functionalized boronic acid containing copolymers and their bioconjugates with rod-like viruses for multiple responsive hydrogels. Polym Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4py00508b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
End-functionalized boronic acid containing copolymers are grafted to a rod-like M13 virus. The resultant virus polymer can reversibly form hydrogels, which can be regulated by temperature, pH and glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Cao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering(Tianjin)
| | - Shuaiyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering(Tianjin)
| | - Yingjun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering(Tianjin)
| | - Linqi Shi
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering(Tianjin)
| | - Zhenkun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering(Tianjin)
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97
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Wang L, Gruzdys V, Pang N, Meng F, Sun XL. Primary arylamine-based tyrosine-targeted protein modification. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra05413j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary arylamines were demonstrated to site-specifically incorporate bioorthogonal azide functionality, glycans for glyco-engineering, and PEG chains for PEGylation to protein via tyrosine-targeted modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- School of Pharmacy
- China Medical University
- Shenyang, China
| | - Valentinas Gruzdys
- Department of Chemistry
- Chemical and Biomedical Engineering and Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease (GRHD)
- Cleveland State University
- Cleveland, USA
| | - Nan Pang
- Department of Chemistry
- Chemical and Biomedical Engineering and Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease (GRHD)
- Cleveland State University
- Cleveland, USA
| | - Fanhao Meng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- School of Pharmacy
- China Medical University
- Shenyang, China
| | - Xue-Long Sun
- Department of Chemistry
- Chemical and Biomedical Engineering and Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease (GRHD)
- Cleveland State University
- Cleveland, USA
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98
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Cao J, Liu S, Xiong J, Chen Y, Zhang Z. Stimuli responsive chiral liquid crystal phases of phenylboronic acid functionalized rodlike viruses and their interaction with biologically important diols. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:10402-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc04639k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
M13 viruses decorated with phenylboronic acid moieties form pH-responsive chiral LC phases that are regulated by binding with biological diols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Cao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education
- and Institute of Polymer Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)
| | - Shuaiyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education
- and Institute of Polymer Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)
| | - Jie Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education
- and Institute of Polymer Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)
| | - Yingjun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education
- and Institute of Polymer Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)
| | - Zhenkun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education
- and Institute of Polymer Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)
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99
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Virus-based photo-responsive nanowires formed by linking site-directed mutagenesis and chemical reaction. Sci Rep 2013; 3:1820. [PMID: 23673356 PMCID: PMC3654487 DOI: 10.1038/srep01820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Owing to the genetic flexibility and error-free bulk production, bio-nanostructures such as filamentous phage showed great potential in materials synthesis, however, their photo-responsive behaviour is neither explored nor unveiled. Here we show M13 phage genetically engineered with tyrosine residues precisely fused to the major coat protein is converted into a photo-responsive organic nanowire by a site-specific chemical reaction with an aromatic amine to form an azo dye structure on the surface. The resulting azo-M13-phage nanowire exhibits reversible photo-responsive properties due to the photo-switchable cis-trans isomerisation of the azo unit formed on the phage. This result shows that site-specific display of a peptide on bio-nanostructures through site-directed genetic mutagenesis can be translated into site-directed chemical reaction for developing advanced materials. The photo-responsive properties of the azo-M13-phage nanowires may open the door for the development of light controllable smart devices for use in non-linear optics, holography data storage, molecular antenna, and actuators.
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100
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Zan X, Feng S, Balizan E, Lin Y, Wang Q. Facile method for large scale alignment of one dimensional nanoparticles and control over myoblast orientation and differentiation. ACS NANO 2013; 7:8385-8396. [PMID: 24004197 DOI: 10.1021/nn403908k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A facile and robust method to align one-dimensional (1D) nanoparticles (NPs) in large scale has been developed. Using flow assembly, representative rod-like nanoparticles, including tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), gold nanorods, and bacteriophage M13, have been aligned inside glass tubes by controlling flow rate and substrate surface properties. The properties of 1D NPs, such as stiffness and aspect ratio, play a critical role in the alignment. Furthermore, these hierarchically organized structures can be used to support cell growth and control the cell orientation and morphology. When C2C12 myoblasts were cultured on surfaces coated with aligned TMV, we found that nanoscale topographic features were critical to guide the cell orientation and myogenic differentiation. This method can therefore be used in the fabrication of complex assemblies with 1D NPs and have wide applications in tissue engineering, sensing, electronics, and optical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingjie Zan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina , Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
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