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Abstract
The remarkable diversity of the self-assembly behavior of PEG-peptides is reviewed, including self-assemblies formed by PEG-peptides with β-sheet and α-helical (coiled-coil) peptide sequences. The modes of self-assembly in solution and in the solid state are discussed. Additionally, applications in bionanotechnology and synthetic materials science are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian W Hamley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading , Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AD, United Kingdom
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52
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Walters BD, Stegemann JP. Strategies for directing the structure and function of three-dimensional collagen biomaterials across length scales. Acta Biomater 2014; 10:1488-501. [PMID: 24012608 PMCID: PMC3947739 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Revised: 08/17/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Collagen type I is a widely used natural biomaterial that has found utility in a variety of biological and medical applications. Its well-characterized structure and role as an extracellular matrix protein make it a highly relevant material for controlling cell function and mimicking tissue properties. Collagen type I is abundant in a number of tissues, and can be isolated as a purified protein. This review focuses on hydrogel biomaterials made by reconstituting collagen type I from a solubilized form, with an emphasis on in vitro studies in which collagen structure can be controlled. The hierarchical structure of collagen from the nanoscale to the macroscale is described, with an emphasis on how structure is related to function across scales. Methods of reconstituting collagen into hydrogel materials are presented, including molding of macroscopic constructs, creation of microscale modules and electrospinning of nanoscale fibers. The modification of collagen biomaterials to achieve the desired structures and functions is also addressed, with particular emphasis on mechanical control of collagen structure, creation of collagen composite materials and crosslinking of collagenous matrices. Biomaterials scientists have made remarkable progress in rationally designing collagen-based biomaterials and in applying them both to the study of biology and for therapeutic benefit. This broad review illustrates recent examples of techniques used to control collagen structure and thereby to direct its biological and mechanical functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- B D Walters
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 1101 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - J P Stegemann
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 1101 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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53
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Grover GN, Rao N, Christman KL. Myocardial matrix-polyethylene glycol hybrid hydrogels for tissue engineering. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 25:014011. [PMID: 24334615 PMCID: PMC3914302 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/25/1/014011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Similar to other protein-based hydrogels, extracellular matrix (ECM) based hydrogels, derived from decellularized tissues, have a narrow range of mechanical properties and are rapidly degraded. These hydrogels contain natural cellular adhesion sites, form nanofibrous networks similar to native ECM, and are biodegradable. In this study, we expand the properties of these types of materials by incorporating poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) into the ECM network. We use decellularized myocardial matrix as an example of a tissue specific ECM derived hydrogel. Myocardial matrix-PEG hybrids were synthesized by two different methods, cross-linking the proteins with an amine-reactive PEG-star and photo-induced radical polymerization of two different multi-armed PEG-acrylates. We show that both methods allow for conjugation of PEG to the myocardial matrix by gel electrophoresis and infrared spectroscopy. Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated that the hybrid materials still contain a nanofibrous network similar to unmodified myocardial matrix and that the fiber diameter is changed by the method of PEG incorporation and PEG molecular weight. PEG conjugation also decreased the rate of enzymatic degradation in vitro, and increased material stiffness. Hybrids synthesized with amine-reactive PEG had gelation rates of 30 min, similar to the unmodified myocardial matrix, and incorporation of PEG did not prevent cell adhesion and migration through the hydrogels, thus offering the possibility to have an injectable ECM hydrogel that degrades more slowly in vivo. The photo-polymerized radical systems gelled in 4 min upon irradiation, allowing 3D encapsulation and culture of cells, unlike the soft unmodified myocardial matrix. This work demonstrates that PEG incorporation into ECM-based hydrogels can expand material properties, thereby opening up new possibilities for in vitro and in vivo applications.
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54
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Rubert Pérez CM, Rank LA, Chmielewski J. Tuning the thermosensitive properties of hybrid collagen peptide–polymer hydrogels. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:8174-6. [PMID: 24926620 DOI: 10.1039/c4cc03171g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Collagen peptide, PEG-based hydrogels with tuneable thermosensitive properties are validated as stimuli-responsive materials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leslie A. Rank
- Department of Chemistry
- Purdue University
- West Lafayette, USA
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55
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Li Y, Yu SM. Targeting and mimicking collagens via triple helical peptide assembly. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2013; 17:968-75. [PMID: 24210894 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2013.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Revised: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
As the major structural component of the extracellular matrix, collagen plays a crucial role in tissue development and regeneration. Since structural and metabolic abnormalities of collagen are associated with numerous debilitating diseases and pathologic conditions, the ability to target collagens of diseased tissues could lead to new diagnostics and therapeutics. Collagen is also a natural biomaterial widely used in drug delivery and tissue engineering, and construction of synthetic collagen-like materials is gaining interests in the biomaterials community. The unique triple helical structure of collagen has been explored for targeting collagen strands, and for engineering collagen-like functional assemblies and conjugates. This review focuses on the forefront of research activities in the use of the collagen mimetic peptide for both targeting and mimicking collagens via its triple helix mediated strand hybridization and higher order assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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56
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57
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Luo T, Kiick KL. Collagen-like peptides and peptide–polymer conjugates in the design of assembled materials. Eur Polym J 2013; 49:2998-3009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2013.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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58
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Trappmann B, Chen CS. How cells sense extracellular matrix stiffness: a material's perspective. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2013; 24:948-53. [PMID: 23611564 PMCID: PMC4037408 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2013.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Revised: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/24/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The mechanical properties of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in which cells reside have emerged as an important regulator of cell fate. While materials based on natural ECM have been used to implicate the role of substrate stiffness for cell fate decisions, it is difficult in these matrices to isolate mechanics from other structural parameters. In contrast, fully synthetic hydrogels offer independent control over physical and adhesive properties. New synthetic materials that also recreate the fibrous structural hierarchy of natural matrices are now being designed to study substrate mechanics in more complex ECMs. This perspective examines the ways in which new materials are being used to advance our understanding of how ECM stiffness impacts cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britta Trappmann
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA
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59
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Tcyrulnikov S, Victorov AI. Molecular Thermodynamic Modeling of Gelation and Demixing in Solution of Cross-Associating Chains. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma400425h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergei Tcyrulnikov
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetsky pr.
26, Petrodvoretz, 198504, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexey I. Victorov
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetsky pr.
26, Petrodvoretz, 198504, Saint Petersburg, Russia
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60
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Underhill GH, Peter G, Chen CS, Bhatia SN. Bioengineering Methods for Analysis of Cells In Vitro. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 2012; 28:385-410. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cellbio-101011-155709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Galie Peter
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Christopher S. Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Sangeeta N. Bhatia
- Division of Health Sciences and Technology,
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science,
- The Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139;
- Division of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
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61
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Jun I, Kim SJ, Choi E, Park KM, Rhim T, Park J, Park KD, Shin H. Preparation of biomimetic hydrogels with controlled cell adhesive properties and topographical features for the study of muscle cell adhesion and proliferation. Macromol Biosci 2012; 12:1502-13. [PMID: 22965817 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201200148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2012] [Revised: 07/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic substrates with defined chemical and structural characteristics may potentially be prepared to mimic the living ECM to regulate cell adhesion and growth. Hydrogels with cell-adhesive peptides (0.28 ± 0.03 nmol peptide cm(-2) , TTA-R-0.5; and 0.91 ± 0.12 nmol peptide cm(-2) , TTA-R-2.0) and/or micro-scaled topographical patterns (10, 25, and 80 µm grooves) are prepared using enzymatic polymerization. The adherent morphology and proliferation of C2C12 skeletal myoblasts and human aortic smooth muscle cells (hAoSM) on the hydrogels are studied. The newly developed hydrogels may be useful in investigating the roles of cell adhesion and substrate surface properties in the communication of adherent cells with the ECM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indong Jun
- Department of Bioengineering, Hanyang University, 17 Haengdang-dong, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea
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62
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Interfacial Properties of Polyethylene Glycol/Vinyltriethoxysilane (PEG/VTES) Copolymers and their Application to Stain Resistance. J SURFACTANTS DETERG 2012; 15:299-305. [PMID: 22593640 PMCID: PMC3338328 DOI: 10.1007/s11743-011-1311-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2011] [Accepted: 10/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In this study, polyethylene glycol (PEG) and vinyltriethoxysilane (VTES) were used in different proportions to produce a series of PEG–VTES copolymers. The copolymer molecular structures were confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy. In addition, their surface activities were evaluated by evaluating the surface tension, contact angle, and foaming properties. The results showed that these surfactants exhibited excellent surface activities and wetting power, as well as low foaming. Consequently, the application of a series of PEG/VTES copolymers can make cotton fabrics stain resistant.
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63
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Silva CIF, Skrzeszewska PJ, Golinska MD, Werten MWT, Eggink G, de Wolf FA. Tuning of Collagen Triple-Helix Stability in Recombinant Telechelic Polymers. Biomacromolecules 2012; 13:1250-8. [DOI: 10.1021/bm300323q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Catarina I. F. Silva
- Wageningen UR Food & Biobased Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, NL-6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Bioprocess Engineering, Wageningen University, Bomenweg 2, NL-6703 HD Wageningen,
The Netherlands
| | - Paulina J. Skrzeszewska
- Wageningen UR Food & Biobased Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, NL-6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Laboratory
of Physical Chemistry
and Colloid Science, Wageningen University, Dreijenplein 6, NL-6703 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Monika D. Golinska
- Wageningen UR Food & Biobased Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, NL-6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Bioprocess Engineering, Wageningen University, Bomenweg 2, NL-6703 HD Wageningen,
The Netherlands
| | - Marc W. T. Werten
- Wageningen UR Food & Biobased Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, NL-6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerrit Eggink
- Wageningen UR Food & Biobased Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, NL-6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Bioprocess Engineering, Wageningen University, Bomenweg 2, NL-6703 HD Wageningen,
The Netherlands
| | - Frits A. de Wolf
- Wageningen UR Food & Biobased Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, NL-6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands
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64
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Stahl PJ, Cruz JC, Li Y, Michael Yu S, Hristova K. On-the-resin N-terminal modification of long synthetic peptides. Anal Biochem 2012; 424:137-9. [PMID: 22387389 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2012.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2012] [Revised: 02/21/2012] [Accepted: 02/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Here we present a highly efficient protocol for on-the-resin coupling of fluorescent dyes or other functional groups to the N-termini of synthetic peptides prior to cleavage and deprotection. The protocol avoids expensive preactivated dyes and instead employs carboxylated dyes activated by large amounts of coupling reagents. The protocol was used to label peptides with low reactivity such as long hydrophobic peptides and peptides with strong tendencies to form sterically shielding structures or aggregates in solution. In all cases, the yields far exceeded those from commercially available preactivated compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J Stahl
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
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65
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Stahl PJ, Yu SM. Encoding Cell-Instructive Cues to PEG-Based Hydrogels via Triple Helical Peptide Assembly. SOFT MATTER 2012; 8:10409-10418. [PMID: 23908674 PMCID: PMC3727667 DOI: 10.1039/c2sm25903f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Effective synthetic tissue engineering scaffolds mimic the structure and composition of natural extracellular matrix (ECM) to promote optimal cellular adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation. Among many proteins of the ECM, collagen and fibronectin are known to play a key role in the scaffold's structural integrity as well as its ability to support cell adhesion. Here, we present photocrosslinked poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) hydrogels displaying collagen mimetic peptides (CMPs) that can be further conjugated to bioactive molecules via CMP-CMP triple helix association. Pre-formed PEGDA-CMP hydrogels can be encoded with varying concentration of cell-signaling CMP-RGD peptides similar to cell adhesive fibronectin decorating the collagen fibrous network by non-covalent binding. Furthermore, the triple helix mediated encoding allows facile generation of spatial gradients and patterns of cell-instructive cues across the cell scaffold that simulate distribution of insoluble factors in the natural ECM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J. Stahl
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Maryland Hall 3400 N. Charles St., Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, The Johns Hopkins University, Maryland Hall 3400 N. Charles St., Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - S. Michael Yu
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Maryland Hall 3400 N. Charles St., Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, The Johns Hopkins University, Maryland Hall 3400 N. Charles St., Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
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66
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Hao J, Weiss RA. Viscoelastic and Mechanical Behavior of Hydrophobically Modified Hydrogels. Macromolecules 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ma202130u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinkun Hao
- Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Akron, 250 South Forge Street, Akron, Ohio 44325-0301, United States
| | - R. A. Weiss
- Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Akron, 250 South Forge Street, Akron, Ohio 44325-0301, United States
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67
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Yu SM, Li Y, Kim D. Collagen Mimetic Peptides: Progress Towards Functional Applications. SOFT MATTER 2011; 7:7927-7938. [PMID: 26316880 PMCID: PMC4548921 DOI: 10.1039/c1sm05329a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Traditionally, collagen mimetic peptides (CMPs) have been used for elucidating the structure of the collagen triple helix and the factors responsible for its stabilization. The wealth of fundamental knowledge on collagen structure and cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions accumulated over the past decades has led to a recent burst of research exploring the potential of CMPs to recreate the higher order assembly and biological function of natural collagens for biomedical applications. Although a large portion of such research is still at an early stage, the collagen triple helix has become a promising structural motif for engineering self-assembled, hierarchical constructs similar to natural tissue scaffolds which are expected to exhibit unique or enhanced biological activities. This paper reviews recent progress in the field of collagen mimetic peptides that bears both direct and indirect implications to engineering collagen-like materials for potential biomedical use. Various CMPs and collagen-like proteins that mimic either structural or functional characteristics of natural collagens are discussed with particular emphasis on providing helpful information to bioengineers and biomaterials scientists interested in collagen engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Michael Yu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218 ; Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218
| | - Daniel Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218
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68
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Rubert Pérez CM, Panitch A, Chmielewski J. A Collagen Peptide-Based Physical Hydrogel for Cell Encapsulation. Macromol Biosci 2011; 11:1426-31. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201100230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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69
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Slatter DA, Bihan DG, Farndale RW. The effect of purity upon the triple-helical stability of collagenous peptides. Biomaterials 2011; 32:6621-32. [PMID: 21663955 PMCID: PMC3171160 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2011] [Accepted: 05/10/2011] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Collagen is the fundamental structural protein, comprising 25–35% of the total body protein, its rod-like triple helix providing support in many tissues. Our laboratory has synthesised 113 Toolkit peptides, each 63 residues long, covering the entirety of the homotrimeric helix sequence of collagen II and collagen III. These are used primarily to investigate protein–collagen interactions, from which biomedical applications are under development. Upon increasing the temperature of a Toolkit peptide solution, a novel low temperature transition (LTT) as well as a broadening of the helix unfolding higher temperature transition (HTT) was observed. Here, we hypothesized that unfolding of imperfect helices can account for the LTT. Peptides of various purities were isolated by HPLC or gel filtration, and their unfolding measured by polarimetry, CD, and DSC. The resulting temperature transitions were fitted to a kinetic unfolding equation, allowing comparison of the data, and explanation of the observed melting curve complexity as due to peptide imperfections. Finally, using a mathematical model, this data can be replicated by setting a parameter that quantifies the mutual stabilization conferred by helices on each side of a peptide defect within a triple helix.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Slatter
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Downing Site, Cambridge CB2 1QW, UK.
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70
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Hamley IW, Cheng G, Castelletto V. A Thermoresponsive Hydrogel Based on Telechelic PEG End-Capped with Hydrophobic Dipeptides. Macromol Biosci 2011; 11:1068-78. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201100022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2011] [Revised: 04/04/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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