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Vijayanathan V, Agostinelli E, Thomas T, Thomas TJ. Innovative approaches to the use of polyamines for DNA nanoparticle preparation for gene therapy. Amino Acids 2013; 46:499-509. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-013-1549-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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52
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Wang G, Yan C, Lu Y. Exploring DNA binding properties and biological activities of dihydropyrimidinones derivatives. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2013; 106:28-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2013.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2012] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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53
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Wen LN, Xie MX. Evidence of different G-quadruplex DNA binding with biogenic polyamines probed by electrospray ionization-quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry, circular dichroism and atomic force microscopy. Biochimie 2013; 95:1185-95. [PMID: 23352964 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2013.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Na Wen
- Analytical & Testing Center of Beijing Normal University, Xinjiekouwaidajie No. 19, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
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54
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Li XL, Hu YJ, Mi R, Li XY, Li PQ, Ouyang Y. Spectroscopic exploring the affinities, characteristics, and mode of binding interaction of curcumin with DNA. Mol Biol Rep 2013; 40:4405-13. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-013-2530-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2012] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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55
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Lin J, Liu Y, Liu L, Song L. Studies on the toxic interaction mechanism between 2-naphthylamine and herring sperm DNA. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2013; 27:279-85. [PMID: 23625636 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.21488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2012] [Revised: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The toxic interaction between 2-naphthylamine (2-NA) and herring sperm deoxyribonucleic acid (hs-DNA) has been thoroughly investigated by UV absorption, fluorescence, and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopic methods. UV absorption result indicates that 2-NA may intercalate into the stack base pairs of DNA during the toxic interaction of 2-NA with DNA. A fluorescence quenching study shows that DNA quenches the intrinsic fluorescence of 2-NA via a static pathway. The studies on effects of ionic strength and anionic quenching rule out electrostatic and groove bindings as the dominant binding modes. Further studies on denatured DNA fluorescence quenching and thermal melting studies confirm that the dominant binding mode of 2-NA-DNA is intercalative binding. A CD spectral study shows that the binding interaction of 2-NA with DNA leads to the disorganization of the neat double-helical structure of hs-DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Lin
- The State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, People's Republic of China
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Ahmadi F, Jafari B, Rahimi-Nasrabadi M, Ghasemi S, Ghanbari K. Proposed model for in vitro interaction between fenitrothion and DNA, by using competitive fluorescence, (31)P NMR, (1)H NMR, FT-IR, CD and molecular modeling. Toxicol In Vitro 2012; 27:641-50. [PMID: 23153512 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2012.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2012] [Revised: 10/24/2012] [Accepted: 11/03/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
In this work we proposed a model for in vitro interaction of fenitrothion (FEN) with calf thymus-DNA by combination of multispectroscopic and two dimensional molecular modeling (ONIOM) methods. The circular dichroism results showed that FEN changes the conformation of B-DNA and caused some changes to C-DNA form. The FT-IR results confirmed a partial intercalation between FEN and edges of all base pairs. The competitive fluorescence, using methylene blue as fluorescence probe, in the presence of increasing amounts of FEN, revealed that FEN is able to release the non-intercalated methylene blue from the DNA. The weak chemical shift and peak broadening of (1)H NMR spectrum of FEN in the presence of DNA confirmed a non-intercalation mode. The (31)P NMR showed that FEN interacts more with DNA via its -NO2 moiety. The ONIOM, based on the hybridization of QM/MM (DFT, 6.31++G (d,p)/UFF) methodology, was also performed by Gaussian 2003 package. The results revealed that the interaction is base sequence dependent, and FEN interacts more with AT base sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Ahmadi
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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57
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Charak S, Shandilya M, Tyagi G, Mehrotra R. Spectroscopic and molecular docking studies on chlorambucil interaction with DNA. Int J Biol Macromol 2012; 51:406-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2012.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2012] [Revised: 06/07/2012] [Accepted: 06/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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58
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Li SPY, Tang TSM, Yiu KSM, Lo KKW. Cyclometalated Iridium(III)-Polyamine Complexes with Intense and Long-Lived Multicolor Phosphorescence: Synthesis, Crystal Structure, Photophysical Behavior, Cellular Uptake, and Transfection Properties. Chemistry 2012; 18:13342-54. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201200979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Iacomino G, Picariello G, D'Agostino L. DNA and nuclear aggregates of polyamines. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2012; 1823:1745-55. [PMID: 22705882 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2012.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2012] [Revised: 04/26/2012] [Accepted: 05/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Polyamines (PAs) are linear polycations that are involved in many biological functions. Putrescine, spermidine and spermine are highly represented in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells and have been the subject of decades of extensive research. Nevertheless, their capability to modulate the structure and functions of DNA has not been fully elucidated. We found that polyamines self-assemble with phosphate ions in the cell nucleus and generate three forms of compounds referred to as Nuclear Aggregates of Polyamines (NAPs), which interact with genomic DNA. In an in vitro setting that mimics the nuclear environment, the assembly of PAs occurs within well-defined ratios, independent of the presence of the DNA template. Strict structural and functional analogies exist between the in vitro NAPs (ivNAPs) and their cellular homologues. Atomic force microscopy showed that ivNAPs, as theoretically predicted, have a cyclic structure, and in the presence of DNA, they form a tube-like arrangement around the double helix. Features of the interaction between ivNAPs and genomic DNA provide evidence for the decisive role of "natural" NAPs in regulating important aspects of DNA physiology, such as conformation, protection and packaging, thus suggesting a new vision of the functions that PAs accomplish in the cell nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Iacomino
- Instituto di Scienze dell'Alimentazione, Consiglio Nazionale delle Riecerche, Avellino, Italy.
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60
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Mandeville JS, Bourassa P, Thomas TJ, Tajmir-Riahi HA. Biogenic and synthetic polyamines bind cationic dendrimers. PLoS One 2012; 7:e36087. [PMID: 22558341 PMCID: PMC3338638 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0036087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2012] [Accepted: 03/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Biogenic polyamines are essential for cell growth and differentiation, while polyamine analogues exert antitumor activity in multiple experimental model systems, including breast and lung cancer. Dendrimers are widely used for drug delivery in vitro and in vivo. We report the bindings of biogenic polyamines, spermine (spm), and spermidine (spmd), and their synthetic analogues, 3,7,11,15-tetrazaheptadecane.4HCl (BE-333) and 3,7,11,15,19-pentazahenicosane.5HCl (BE-3333) to dendrimers of different compositions, mPEG-PAMAM (G3), mPEG-PAMAM (G4) and PAMAM (G4). FTIR and UV-visible spectroscopic methods as well as molecular modeling were used to analyze polyamine binding mode, the binding constant and the effects of polyamine complexation on dendrimer stability and conformation. Structural analysis showed that polyamines bound dendrimers through both hydrophobic and hydrophilic contacts with overall binding constants of K(spm-mPEG-G3) = 7.6 × 10(4) M(-1), K(spm-mPEG-PAMAM-G4) = 4.6 × 10(4) M(-1), K(spm-PAMAM-G4) = 6.6 × 10(4) M(-1), K(spmd-mPEG-G3) = 1.0 × 10(5) M(-1), K(spmd-mPEG-PAMAM-G4) = 5.5 × 10(4) M(-1), K(spmd-PAMAM-G4) = 9.2 × 10(4) M(-1), K(BE-333-mPEG-G3) = 4.2 × 10(4) M(-1), K(Be-333-mPEG-PAMAM-G4) = 3.2 × 10(4) M(-1), K(BE-333-PAMAM-G4) = 3.6 × 10(4) M(-1), K(BE-3333-mPEG-G3) = 2.2 × 10(4) M(-1), K(Be-3333-mPEG-PAMAM-G4) = 2.4 × 10(4) M(-1), K(BE-3333-PAMAM-G4) = 2.3 × 10(4) M(-1). Biogenic polyamines showed stronger affinity toward dendrimers than those of synthetic polyamines, while weaker interaction was observed as polyamine cationic charges increased. The free binding energies calculated from docking studies were: -3.2 (spermine), -3.5 (spermidine) and -3.03 (BE-3333) kcal/mol, with the following order of binding affinity: spermidine-PAMAM-G-4>spermine-PAMMAM-G4>BE-3333-PAMAM-G4 consistent with spectroscopic data. Our results suggest that dendrimers can act as carrier vehicles for delivering antitumor polyamine analogues to target tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Sebastian Mandeville
- Département de Chimie-Biologie, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
| | - Phillipe Bourassa
- Département de Chimie-Biologie, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
| | - Thekkumkattil John Thomas
- Department of Medicine, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
- The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Heidar-Ali Tajmir-Riahi
- Département de Chimie-Biologie, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
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61
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Sharma A, Pandey CM, Matharu Z, Soni U, Sapra S, Sumana G, Pandey MK, Chatterjee T, Malhotra BD. Nanopatterned cadmium selenide Langmuir-Blodgett platform for leukemia detection. Anal Chem 2012; 84:3082-9. [PMID: 22380657 DOI: 10.1021/ac202265a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We present results of the studies relating to preparation of Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) monolayers of tri-n-octylphosphine oxide-capped cadmium selenide quantum dots (QCdSe) onto indium-tin oxide (ITO) coated glass substrate. The monolayer behavior has been studied at the air-water interface under various subphase conditions. This nanopatterned platform has been explored to fabricate an electrochemical DNA biosensor for detection of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) by covalently immobilizing the thiol-terminated oligonucleotide probe sequence via a displacement reaction. The results of electrochemical response studies reveal that this biosensor can detect target DNA in the range of 10(-6) to 10(-14) M within 120 s, has a shelf life of 2 months, and can be used about 8 times. Further, this nucleic acid sensor has been found to distinguish the CML-positive and the control negative clinical patient samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Sharma
- Department of Science & Technology Centre on Biomolecular Electronics, Biomedical Instrumentation Section, Materials Physics & Engineering Division, National Physical Laboratory (Council of Scientific & Industrial Research), Dr K. S. Krishnan Marg, New Delhi 110012, India
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62
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Chang YM, Chen CKM, Hou MH. Conformational changes in DNA upon ligand binding monitored by circular dichroism. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:3394-3413. [PMID: 22489158 PMCID: PMC3317384 DOI: 10.3390/ijms13033394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2012] [Revised: 02/22/2012] [Accepted: 02/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy is an optical technique that measures the difference in the absorption of left and right circularly polarized light. This technique has been widely employed in the studies of nucleic acids structures and the use of it to monitor conformational polymorphism of DNA has grown tremendously in the past few decades. DNA may undergo conformational changes to B-form, A-form, Z-form, quadruplexes, triplexes and other structures as a result of the binding process to different compounds. Here we review the recent CD spectroscopic studies of the induction of DNA conformational changes by different ligands, which includes metal derivative complex of aureolic family drugs, actinomycin D, neomycin, cisplatin, and polyamine. It is clear that CD spectroscopy is extremely sensitive and relatively inexpensive, as compared with other techniques. These studies show that CD spectroscopy is a powerful technique to monitor DNA conformational changes resulting from drug binding and also shows its potential to be a drug-screening platform in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ming Chang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; E-Mails: (Y.-M.C.); (C.K.-M.C.)
| | - Cammy K.-M. Chen
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; E-Mails: (Y.-M.C.); (C.K.-M.C.)
| | - Ming-Hon Hou
- Institute of Genomics and Bioinformatics, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
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63
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Ahmadi F, Jamali N, Moradian R, Astinchap B. Binding Studies of Pyriproxyfen to DNA by Multispectroscopic Atomic Force Microscopy and Molecular Modeling Methods. DNA Cell Biol 2012; 31:259-68. [DOI: 10.1089/dna.2011.1303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Ahmadi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Nasibeh Jamali
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Rostam Moradian
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
- Nano Technology Research Laboratory, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Bandar Astinchap
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
- Nano Technology Research Laboratory, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
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64
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Ahmadi F, Alizadeh AA, Shahabadi N, Rahimi-Nasrabadi M. Study binding of Al-curcumin complex to ds-DNA, monitoring by multispectroscopic and voltammetric techniques. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2011; 79:1466-1474. [PMID: 21704553 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2011.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2011] [Revised: 04/23/2011] [Accepted: 05/01/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In this work a complex of Al3+ with curcumin ([Al(curcumin) (EtOH)2](NO3)2) was synthesized and characterized by UV-vis, FT-IR, elemental analysis and spectrophotometric titration techniques. The mole ratio plot revealed a 1:1 complex between Al3+ and curcumin in solution. For binding studies of this complex to calf thymus-DNA various methods such as: UV-vis, fluorescence, circular dichroism (CD), FT-IR spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry were used. The intrinsic binding constant of ACC with DNA at 25°C was calculated by UV-vis and cyclic voltammetry as 2.1×10(4) and 2.6×10(4), respectively. The thermodynamic studies showed that the reaction is enthalpy and entropy favored. The CD results showed that only the Δ-ACC interacts with DNA and the Δ-ACC form has not any tendency to interact with DNA, also the pure curcumin has not any stereoselective interaction with CT-DNA. Fluorimetric studies showed that fluorescence enhancement was initiated by a static process in the ground state. The cyclic voltammetry showed that ACC interact with DNA with a binding site size of 2. From the FT-IR we concluded that the Δ-ACC interacts with DNA via partial electrostatic and minor groove binding. In comparison with previous works it was concluded that curcumin significantly reduced the affinity of Al3+ to the DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Ahmadi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 67145-1673, Islamic Republic of Iran.
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65
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Essemine J, Hasni I, Carpentier R, Thomas T, Tajmir-Riahi H. Binding of biogenic and synthetic polyamines to β-lactoglobulin. Int J Biol Macromol 2011; 49:201-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2011.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2011] [Revised: 04/20/2011] [Accepted: 04/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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66
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Fu Y, Wang X, Zhang J, Xiao Y, Li W, Wang J. Orderly microaggregates of G-/C-rich oligonucleotides associated with spermine. Biomacromolecules 2011; 12:747-56. [PMID: 21235226 DOI: 10.1021/bm101372h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Spermine-induced orderly assembling properties of G-/C-rich oligonucleotides are investigated in dilute and crowding conditions. The first time we report that the parallel G-quadruplexes is preferential to condense into anisotropic microaggregates in the presence of spermine, whereas the hybrid-type and the antiparallel G-quadruplexes have no significant interactions with spermine; and spermine can induce the condensation of i-motif C-rich oligonucleotides other than the random coiled C-rich strands. Moreover, the condensation of C-rich oligonucleotides can be reversibly regulated by pH and temperature. G-/C-rich oligonucleotides exhibit the cholesteric liquid crystalline phase at low strand concentration in the presence of spermine under crowding conditions. The results illuminate that the parallel G-quadruplex and i-motifs are probably necessity conformations for G-/C-rich oligonucleotides that involved in the regulation of chromosome organization in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Fu
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology MOE, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
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67
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Ahmadi F, Jafari B. Voltammetry and Spectroscopy Study of In Vitro Interaction of Fenitrothion with DNA. ELECTROANAL 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201000516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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68
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Dubeau S, Bourassa P, Thomas TJ, Tajmir-Riahi HA. Biogenic and synthetic polyamines bind bovine serum albumin. Biomacromolecules 2010; 11:1507-15. [PMID: 20433143 DOI: 10.1021/bm100144v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Biogenic polyamines are found to modulate protein synthesis at different levels, while polyamine analogues have shown major antitumor activity in multiple experimental models, including breast cancer. The aim of this study was to examine the interaction of bovine serum albumin (BSA) with biogenic polyamines, spermine and spermidine, and polyamine analogues 3,7,11,15-tetrazaheptadecane x 4 HCl (BE-333) and 3,7,11,15,19-pentazahenicosane x 5 HCl (BE-3333) in aqueous solution at physiological conditions. FTIR, UV-visible, CD, and fluorescence spectroscopic methods were used to determine the polyamine binding mode and the effects of polyamine complexation on protein stability and secondary structure. Structural analysis showed that polyamines bind BSA via both hydrophilic and hydrophobic interactions. Stronger polyamine-protein complexes formed with biogenic than synthetic polyamines with overall binding constants of K(spm) = 3.56 (+/-0.5) x 10(5) M(-1), K(spmd) = 1.77 (+/-0.4) x 10(5) M(-1), K(BE-333) = 1.11 (+/-0.3) x 10(4) M(-1) and K(BE-3333) = 3.90 (+/-0.7) x 10(4) M(-1) that correlate with their positively charged amino group contents. Major alterations of protein conformation were observed with reduction of alpha-helix from 63% (free protein) to 55-33% and increase of turn 12% (free protein) to 28-16% and random coil from 6% (free protein) to 24-17% in the polyamine-BSA complexes, indicating a partial protein unfolding. These data suggest that serum albumins might act as polyamine carrier proteins in delivering polyamine analogues to target tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Dubeau
- Département de Chimie-Biologie, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, C. P. 500, Trois-Rivières, Québec, G9A 5H7, Canada
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69
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Tyagi G, Jangir DK, Singh P, Mehrotra R. DNA interaction studies of an anticancer plant alkaloid, vincristine, using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. DNA Cell Biol 2010; 29:693-9. [PMID: 20662555 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2010.1035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The binding of vincristine with DNA has been investigated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Various changes in the double helical structure of DNA after addition of vincristine have been examined. It is evident from Fourier transform infrared results that vincristine-DNA interaction occurs through guanine and cytosine base pairs. External binding of vincristine with phosphate backbone of the DNA is also observed. Vincristine perturbs guanine band at 1714 cm(-1), cytosine band at 1488 cm(-1), and the phosphate vibrations at 1225 and 1086 cm(-1). The UV-visible spectra of vincristine-DNA complex show hypochromic and bathochromic shifts, indicating the intercalation of vincristine into the double helical structure of DNA. Both intercalative and external binding modes are observed for vincristine binding with DNA, with an estimated binding constant K = 1.0 × 10(3) M(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunjan Tyagi
- Optical Radiation Standards, National Physical Laboratory, New Delhi, India
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70
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Arjmand F, Muddassir M. Design and synthesis of heterobimetallic topoisomerase I and II inhibitor complexes: in vitro DNA binding, interaction with 5'-GMP and 5'-TMP and cleavage studies. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2010; 101:37-46. [PMID: 20638859 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2010.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2010] [Revised: 06/11/2010] [Accepted: 06/21/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
New potential cancer chemotherapeutic complexes Cu-Sn(2)/Zn-Sn(2) 3 and 4 were designed and prepared as topoisomerases inhibitors; their in vitro DNA binding studies were carried out which reveal strong electrostatic binding via phosphate backbone of DNA helix, in addition to other binding modes viz. coordinate covalent and partial intercalation. To throw insight to molecular binding event at the target site, UV-vis titrations of 3 and 4 with mononucleotides of interest, viz, 5'-GMP and 5'-TMP were carried out, (in case of 4) by (1)H and (31)P NMR. Cleavage studies employing gel electrophoresis demonstrate both the complexes 3 and 4 are efficient cleavage agents and are specific groove binders (complex 3 binds to both major and minor groove while complex 4 is specifically minor groove binder only). In addition, the complexes show high inhibition activity against topoisomerase I and II. However, complex 4 exhibits significant inhibitory effects on the Topo I activity at a very low concentration approximately 2.5 microM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farukh Arjmand
- Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202 002, India.
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71
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Mandeville JS, N’soukpoé-Kossi CN, Neault JF, Tajmir-Riahi HA. Structural analysis of DNA interaction with retinol and retinoic acid. Biochem Cell Biol 2010; 88:469-77. [DOI: 10.1139/o09-158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary constituents of fresh fruits and vegetables may play a relevant role in DNA adduct formation by inhibiting enzymatic activities. Studies have shown the important role of antioxidant vitamins A, C, and E in the protection against cancer and cardiovascular diseases. The antioxidant activity of vitamin A and beta-carotene may consist of scavenging oxygen radicals and preventing DNA damage. This study was designed to examine the interaction of calf-thymus DNA with retinol and retinoic acid in aqueous solution at physiological conditions using a constant DNA concentration and various retinoid contents. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), circular dichroism (CD), and fluorescence spectroscopic methods were used to determine retinoid binding mode, the binding constant, and the effects of retinol and retinoic acid complexation on DNA conformation and aggregation. Structural analysis showed that retinol and retinoic acid bind DNA via G-C and A-T base pairs and the backbone phosphate groups with overall binding constants of Kret = 3.0 (±0.50) × 103 (mol·L–1)–1 and Kretac = 1.0 (±0.20) × 104 (mol·L–1)–1. The number of bound retinoids per DNA were 0.84 for retinol and 1.3 for retinoic acid. Hydrophobic interactions were also observed at high retinol and retinoic acid contents. At a high retinoid concentration, major DNA aggregation occurred, while DNA remained in the B-family structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. S. Mandeville
- Department of Chemistry-Biology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, C.P. 500, Trois-Rivières, QC G9A 5H7, Canada
| | - C. N. N’soukpoé-Kossi
- Department of Chemistry-Biology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, C.P. 500, Trois-Rivières, QC G9A 5H7, Canada
| | - J. F. Neault
- Department of Chemistry-Biology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, C.P. 500, Trois-Rivières, QC G9A 5H7, Canada
| | - H. A. Tajmir-Riahi
- Department of Chemistry-Biology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, C.P. 500, Trois-Rivières, QC G9A 5H7, Canada
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72
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Colotti G, Ilari A. Polyamine metabolism in Leishmania: from arginine to trypanothione. Amino Acids 2010; 40:269-85. [PMID: 20512387 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-010-0630-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2010] [Accepted: 05/13/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Polyamines (PAs) are essential metabolites in eukaryotes, participating in a variety of proliferative processes, and in trypanosomatid protozoa play an additional role in the synthesis of the critical thiol trypanothione. The PAs are synthesized by a metabolic process which involves arginase (ARG), which catalyzes the enzymatic hydrolysis of L-arginine (L-Arg) to L-ornithine and urea, and ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), which catalyzes the enzymatic decarboxylation of L-ornithine in putrescine. The S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (AdoMetDC) catalyzes the irreversible decarboxylation of S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet), generating the decarboxylated S-adenosylmethionine (dAdoMet), which is a substrate, together with putrescine, for spermidine synthase (SpdS). Leishmania parasites and all the other members of the trypanosomatid family depend on spermidine for growth and survival. They can synthesize PAs and polyamine precursors, and also scavenge them from the microenvironment, using specific transporters. In addition, Trypanosomatids have a unique thiol-based metabolism, in which trypanothione (N1-N8-bis(glutathionyl)spermidine, T(SH)(2)) and trypanothione reductase (TR) replace many of the antioxidant and metabolic functions of the glutathione/glutathione reductase (GR) and thioredoxin/thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) systems present in the host. Trypanothione synthetase (TryS) and TR are necessary for the protozoa survival. Consequently, enzymes involved in spermidine synthesis and its utilization, i.e. ARG, ODC, AdoMetDC, SpdS and, in particular, TryS and TR, are promising targets for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianni Colotti
- Institute of Biology and Molecular Pathology, CNR, c/o Department of Biochemical Sciences, University Sapienza, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
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73
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Jangir DK, Tyagi G, Mehrotra R, Kundu S. Carboplatin interaction with calf-thymus DNA: A FTIR spectroscopic approach. J Mol Struct 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2010.01.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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74
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Jones SP, Pavan GM, Danani A, Pricl S, Smith DK. Quantifying the effect of surface ligands on dendron-DNA interactions: insights into multivalency through a combined experimental and theoretical approach. Chemistry 2010; 16:4519-32. [PMID: 20235240 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200902546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2009] [Revised: 01/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis, DNA binding ability and preliminary gene delivery profiles of dendrons with different amine surface groups, 1,3-diaminopropane (DAP), N,N-di-(3-aminopropyl)-N-(methyl)amine (DAPMA) and spermine (SPM). By using a combination of ethidium bromide displacement, gel electrophoresis and transfection assays, it is shown that the dendrons with SPM groups are the most effective DNA binders, while the DAPMA-functionalised dendrons were the most effective systems for gene delivery (although the gene delivery profiles were still modest). In order to provide deeper insight into the experimental data, we performed a molecular dynamics simulation of the interactions between the dendrons and DNA. The results of these simulations demonstrated that, in general terms, the enthalpic contribution to binding was roughly proportional to the dendron surface charge, but that dendrons with DAP (and DAPMA) surface amines had significant entropic costs of binding to DNA. In the case of DAP, this is a consequence of the fact that the entire dendron structure has to be organised in order for each individual monoamine charge to make effective contact with DNA. For SPM, however, each surface ligand is already a multivalent triamine, therefore, each individual charge has a much lower entropic cost of binding. For DAPMA, we observed that strong binding of the hindered tertiary amine to the DNA double helix led to ligand back-folding and significant geometric distortion of DNA. Although this weakens the overall binding, we suggest that this distortion might be an explanation for the experimentally observed enhanced gene delivery, in which DNA compaction is an important step. Overall, this paper demonstrates how structure-activity relationships can be developed for multivalent dendritic ligands and provides insights into the thermodynamics of multivalent interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon P Jones
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD (UK), Fax: (+44) 1904 432516
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75
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Cagnasso M, Boero V, Franchini MA, Chorover J. ATR-FTIR studies of phospholipid vesicle interactions with alpha-FeOOH and alpha-Fe2O3 surfaces. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2009; 76:456-67. [PMID: 20074916 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2009.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2009] [Accepted: 12/04/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Prior infrared spectroscopic studies of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and live bacterial cells have indicated that organic phosphate groups mediate cell adhesion to iron oxides via inner-sphere P-OFe surface complexation. Since cell membrane phospholipids are a potential source of organic phosphate groups, we investigated the adhesion of phospholipidic vesicles to the surfaces of the iron (oxyhydr)oxides goethite (alpha-FeOOH) and hematite (alpha-Fe2O3) using attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy. l-alpha-phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidic acid (PA) were used because they are vesicle forming phospholipids representative of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell surface membranes. Phospholipid vesicles, formed in aqueous suspension, were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), multi-angle laser light scattering (MALS) and quasi-elastic light scattering (QELS). Their adhesion to goethite and hematite surfaces was studied with ATR-FTIR at pH 5. Results indicate that PC and PE adsorption is affected by electrostatic interaction and H-bonding (PE). Conversely, adsorption of PA involves phosphate inner-sphere complexes, for both goethite and hematite, via P-OFe bond formation. Biomolecule adsorption at the interface was observed to occur on the scale of minutes to hours. Exponential and linear increases in peak intensity were observed for goethite and hematite, respectively. Our ATR-FTIR results on the PA terminal phosphate are in good agreement with those on EPS reacted with goethite and on bacterial cell adhesion to hematite. These findings suggest that the plasma membrane, and the PA terminal phosphate in particular, may play a role in mediating the interaction between bacteria and iron oxide surfaces during initial stages of biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Cagnasso
- Dipartimento di Valorizzazione e Protezione delle Risorse Agroforestali (Di.Va.P.R.A.), Università degli Studi di Torino, 44 via Leonardo da Vinci, Grugliasco (Torino), Italy I-10095
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76
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Polyamines: fundamental characters in chemistry and biology. Amino Acids 2009; 38:393-403. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-009-0396-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2009] [Accepted: 10/08/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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77
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Nayvelt I, Hyvönen MT, Alhonen L, Pandya I, Thomas T, Khomutov AR, Vepsäläinen J, Patel R, Keinänen TA, Thomas TJ. DNA Condensation by Chiral α-Methylated Polyamine Analogues and Protection of Cellular DNA from Oxidative Damage. Biomacromolecules 2009; 11:97-105. [DOI: 10.1021/bm900958c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Irina Nayvelt
- Departments of Medicine, Environmental & Community Medicine and Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and the Cancer Institute of New Jersey, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, Biocenter Kuopio, University of Kuopio, Finland, Laboratory of Chemistry, Department of Biosciences, Biocenter Kuopio, University of Kuopio, Finland,
| | - Mervi T. Hyvönen
- Departments of Medicine, Environmental & Community Medicine and Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and the Cancer Institute of New Jersey, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, Biocenter Kuopio, University of Kuopio, Finland, Laboratory of Chemistry, Department of Biosciences, Biocenter Kuopio, University of Kuopio, Finland,
| | - Leena Alhonen
- Departments of Medicine, Environmental & Community Medicine and Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and the Cancer Institute of New Jersey, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, Biocenter Kuopio, University of Kuopio, Finland, Laboratory of Chemistry, Department of Biosciences, Biocenter Kuopio, University of Kuopio, Finland,
| | - Ipsit Pandya
- Departments of Medicine, Environmental & Community Medicine and Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and the Cancer Institute of New Jersey, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, Biocenter Kuopio, University of Kuopio, Finland, Laboratory of Chemistry, Department of Biosciences, Biocenter Kuopio, University of Kuopio, Finland,
| | - Thresia Thomas
- Departments of Medicine, Environmental & Community Medicine and Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and the Cancer Institute of New Jersey, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, Biocenter Kuopio, University of Kuopio, Finland, Laboratory of Chemistry, Department of Biosciences, Biocenter Kuopio, University of Kuopio, Finland,
| | - Alex R. Khomutov
- Departments of Medicine, Environmental & Community Medicine and Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and the Cancer Institute of New Jersey, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, Biocenter Kuopio, University of Kuopio, Finland, Laboratory of Chemistry, Department of Biosciences, Biocenter Kuopio, University of Kuopio, Finland,
| | - Jouko Vepsäläinen
- Departments of Medicine, Environmental & Community Medicine and Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and the Cancer Institute of New Jersey, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, Biocenter Kuopio, University of Kuopio, Finland, Laboratory of Chemistry, Department of Biosciences, Biocenter Kuopio, University of Kuopio, Finland,
| | - Rajesh Patel
- Departments of Medicine, Environmental & Community Medicine and Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and the Cancer Institute of New Jersey, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, Biocenter Kuopio, University of Kuopio, Finland, Laboratory of Chemistry, Department of Biosciences, Biocenter Kuopio, University of Kuopio, Finland,
| | - Tuomo A. Keinänen
- Departments of Medicine, Environmental & Community Medicine and Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and the Cancer Institute of New Jersey, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, Biocenter Kuopio, University of Kuopio, Finland, Laboratory of Chemistry, Department of Biosciences, Biocenter Kuopio, University of Kuopio, Finland,
| | - T. J. Thomas
- Departments of Medicine, Environmental & Community Medicine and Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and the Cancer Institute of New Jersey, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, Biocenter Kuopio, University of Kuopio, Finland, Laboratory of Chemistry, Department of Biosciences, Biocenter Kuopio, University of Kuopio, Finland,
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N’soukpoé-Kossi CN, Ahmed Ouameur A, Thomas T, Thomas TJ, Tajmir-Riahi HA. Interaction of tRNA with antitumor polyamine analogues. Biochem Cell Biol 2009; 87:621-30. [DOI: 10.1139/o09-036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
We studied the interaction between tRNA and three polyamine analogues (1,11-diamino-4,8-diazaundecane·4HCl (333), 3,7,11,15-tetrazaheptadecane·4HCl (BE-333), and 3,7,11,15,19-pentazahenicosane·5HCl (BE-3333)) using FTIR, UV-visible, and CD spectroscopic methods. Spectroscopic evidence showed that polyamine analogues bound tRNA via guanine N7, adenine, uracil O2, and the backbone phosphate (PO 2– ) groups, while the most reactive sites for biogenic polyamines were guanine N7/O6, adenine N7, uracil O2, and sugar 2′-OH groups as well as the backbone phosphate group. The binding constants of polyamine analogue – tRNA recognition were lower than those of the biogenic polyamine – tRNA complexes, with K333 = 2.8 (±0.5) × 104, KBE-333 = 3.7 (±0.7) × 104, KBE-3333 = 4.0 (±0.9) × 104, Kspm = 8.7 (±0.9) × 105, Kspd = 6.1 (±0.7) × 105, and Kput = 1.0 (±0.3) × 105 mol/L. tRNA remained in the A-family conformation; however, it aggregated at high polyamine analogue concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. N. N’soukpoé-Kossi
- Département de Chimie-Biologie, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, C.P. 500, Trois-Rivières, QC G9A 5H7, Canada
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
- The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
| | - A. Ahmed Ouameur
- Département de Chimie-Biologie, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, C.P. 500, Trois-Rivières, QC G9A 5H7, Canada
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
- The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
| | - T. Thomas
- Département de Chimie-Biologie, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, C.P. 500, Trois-Rivières, QC G9A 5H7, Canada
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
- The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
| | - T. J. Thomas
- Département de Chimie-Biologie, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, C.P. 500, Trois-Rivières, QC G9A 5H7, Canada
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
- The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
| | - H. A. Tajmir-Riahi
- Département de Chimie-Biologie, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, C.P. 500, Trois-Rivières, QC G9A 5H7, Canada
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
- The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
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Kanakis C, Tarantilis P, Pappas C, Bariyanga J, Tajmir-Riahi H, Polissiou M. An overview of structural features of DNA and RNA complexes with saffron compounds: Models and antioxidant activity. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2009; 95:204-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2009.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2009] [Revised: 03/13/2009] [Accepted: 03/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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