51
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Rikkou-Kalourkoti M, Elladiou M, Patrickios CS. Synthesis and characterization of hyperbranched amphiphilic block copolymers prepared via self-condensing RAFT polymerization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.27574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marios Elladiou
- Department of Chemistry; University of Cyprus; P. O. Box 20537 1678 Nicosia Cyprus
| | - Costas S. Patrickios
- Department of Chemistry; University of Cyprus; P. O. Box 20537 1678 Nicosia Cyprus
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52
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Cosco D, Fattal E, Fresta M, Tsapis N. Perfluorocarbon-loaded micro and nanosystems for medical imaging: A state of the art. J Fluor Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2014.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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53
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Wang X, Graff RW, Shi Y, Gao H. One-pot synthesis of hyperstar polymers via sequential ATRP of inimers and functional monomers in aqueous dispersed media. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py01043h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A one-pot synthesis was reported to produce hyperstar polymers with high molecular weight, low polydispersity and no detectable star coupling reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Notre Dame
- Notre Dame
- USA
| | - Robert W. Graff
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Notre Dame
- Notre Dame
- USA
| | - Yi Shi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Notre Dame
- Notre Dame
- USA
| | - Haifeng Gao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Notre Dame
- Notre Dame
- USA
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54
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Kölmel DK, Nieger M, Bräse S. Highly efficient synthesis of polyfluorinated dendrons suitable for click chemistry. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra02804c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A new and efficient access to C2v-symmetric dendrons with up to 72 magnetically equivalent fluorine atoms is presented. Those dendrons are well suited to act as potential 19F MRI probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik K. Kölmel
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- 76131 Karlsruhe
- Germany
| | - Martin Nieger
- University of Helsinki
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry
- Finland
| | - Stefan Bräse
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- 76131 Karlsruhe
- Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
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55
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Abstract
The recent research progress in biological and biomedical applications of hyperbranched polymers has been summarized in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dali Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- 200240 Shanghai
- P. R. China
| | - Tianyu Zhao
- Charles Institute of Dermatology
- School of Medicine and Medical Science
- University College Dublin
- Dublin 4
- Ireland
| | - Xinyuan Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- 200240 Shanghai
- P. R. China
| | - Deyue Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- 200240 Shanghai
- P. R. China
| | - Wenxin Wang
- Charles Institute of Dermatology
- School of Medicine and Medical Science
- University College Dublin
- Dublin 4
- Ireland
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56
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Easy access to 19 F-labeled nanoparticles for use as MRI contrast probes via self-assembly of fluorinated copolymers synthesized by sequential RAFT polymerization. J Fluor Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2014.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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57
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Tirotta I, Dichiarante V, Pigliacelli C, Cavallo G, Terraneo G, Bombelli FB, Metrangolo P, Resnati G. (19)F magnetic resonance imaging (MRI): from design of materials to clinical applications. Chem Rev 2014; 115:1106-29. [PMID: 25329814 DOI: 10.1021/cr500286d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 327] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Tirotta
- Laboratory of Nanostructured Fluorinated Materials (NFMLab), Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta" and ‡Fondazione Centro Europeo Nanomedicina, Politecnico di Milano , Milan 20131, Italy
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58
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Chatterjee S, Ramakrishnan S. Understanding Self-Segregation of Immiscible Peripheral Segments in Pseudodendritic Hyperbranched Polydithioacetals: Formation of Improved Janus Structures. ACS Macro Lett 2014; 3:953-957. [PMID: 35596367 DOI: 10.1021/mz500424t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Peripherally heterofunctionalized hyperbranched polymers (HBPs) undergo immiscibility-driven self-segregation of the outer segments to form Janus molecular entities (Macromolecules 2012, 45, 2348). In HBPs prepared via AB2 type self-condensation, single-step peripheral heterofunctionalization would lead to random distribution of the two types of terminal units, namely, homofunctionalized (homo-T) and heterofunctionalized (hetero-T) termini. Here, we examine the role of such hetero-T units on the self-segregation of heterofunctionalized pseudodendritic hyperbranched polydithioacetals. Three different heterofunctionalized HB dithioacetals bearing roughly 50 mol % each of docsyl (C-22) and MPEG-350 chains at the periphery were prepared: one of them carried a statistical distribution of homo-T and hetero-T units, and the other carried only two types of homo-T (-TR1R1 and -TR2R2) termini, whereas the third carried largely hetero-T (-TR1R2) termini. Careful examination of DSC and SAXS data reveals that the self-segregation is most effective in HBPs devoid of hetero-T units; interestingly, however, it also showed that randomly heterofunctionalized HBPs self-segregated nearly as effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saptarshi Chatterjee
- Department
of Inorganic and
Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - S. Ramakrishnan
- Department
of Inorganic and
Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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59
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Porsch C, Zhang Y, Ducani C, Vilaplana F, Nordstierna L, Nyström AM, Malmström E. Toward Unimolecular Micelles with Tunable Dimensions Using Hyperbranched Dendritic-Linear Polymers. Biomacromolecules 2014; 15:2235-45. [DOI: 10.1021/bm5003637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Porsch
- School
of Chemical Science and Engineering, Department of Fibre and Polymer
Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yuning Zhang
- IMM Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nanosafety & Nanomedicine Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cosimo Ducani
- Swedish
Medical Nanoscience Center, Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Francisco Vilaplana
- School
of Biotechnology, Division of Glycoscience, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- Wallenberg
Wood Science Centre (WWSC), KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Nordstierna
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Applied Surface Chemistry, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Andreas M. Nyström
- IMM Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nanosafety & Nanomedicine Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eva Malmström
- School
of Chemical Science and Engineering, Department of Fibre and Polymer
Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
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60
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Rolfe BE, Blakey I, Squires O, Peng H, Boase NRB, Alexander C, Parsons PG, Boyle GM, Whittaker AK, Thurecht KJ. Multimodal Polymer Nanoparticles with Combined 19F Magnetic Resonance and Optical Detection for Tunable, Targeted, Multimodal Imaging in Vivo. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:2413-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ja410351h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Cameron Alexander
- School
of Pharmacy, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Peter G. Parsons
- Queensland
Institute for Medical Research, The Royal Brisbane Hospital, Herston, Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - Glen M. Boyle
- Queensland
Institute for Medical Research, The Royal Brisbane Hospital, Herston, Queensland 4006, Australia
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61
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Decato S, Bemis T, Madsen E, Mecozzi S. Synthesis and characterization of perfluoro- tert-butyl semifluorinated amphiphilic polymers and their potential application in hydrophobic drug delivery. Polym Chem 2014; 5:6461-6471. [PMID: 25383100 DOI: 10.1039/c4py00882k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Semifluorinated polymer surfactants, composed of a monomethyl poly(ethylene glycol) (mPEG) hydrophilic head group and either 1, 2, or 3 perfluoro-tert-butyl (PFtB) groups as the fluorophilic tail, were synthesized, and their aqueous self-assemblies were investigated as a potential design for theranostic nanoparticles. Polymers with three PFtB groups (PFtBTRI) solely formed stable, spherical micelles, approximately 12 nm in size. These PFtBTRI surfactants demonstrate similar characteristics with those of polymers with linear perfluorocarbon tails, despite large differences in tail structure. For example, PFtB polymer solutions stably emulsified 20 v/v% sevoflurane with perfluorooctyl bromide (PFOB) as a stabilizer. However, these PFtB polymers have the additional potential to serve as F-MRI contrast agents. PFtBTRI micelles gave one narrow 19F-NMR signal in D2O, with T1 and T2 parameters of approximately 500 and 100 ms, respectively. 19F-MR images of PFtB polymer solutions at 1 mM gave intense signal at 4.7 T without sensitizers or selective excitation sequences. These preliminary data demonstrate the potential of PFtB polymers as a basic design, which can be further modified to serve as dual drug-delivery and imaging vehicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Decato
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Troy Bemis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Eric Madsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Sandro Mecozzi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison Wisconsin 53705
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62
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Wang K, Peng H, Thurecht KJ, Puttick S, Whittaker AK. Biodegradable core crosslinked star polymer nanoparticles as19F MRI contrast agents for selective imaging. Polym Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3py01311a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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63
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Xue X, Li F, Huang W, Yang H, Jiang B, Zheng Y, Zhang D, Fang J, Kong L, Zhai G, Chen J. Quadrangular Prism: A Unique Self-Assembly from Amphiphilic Hyperbranched PMA-b
-PAA. Macromol Rapid Commun 2013; 35:330-6. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201300743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Revised: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiang Xue
- Key Laboratory of Polymeric Materials of Changzhou City; School of Material Science and Engineering; Changzhou University; Changzhou Jiangsu 213164 People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Li
- Key Laboratory of Polymeric Materials of Changzhou City; School of Material Science and Engineering; Changzhou University; Changzhou Jiangsu 213164 People's Republic of China
| | - Wenyan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Polymeric Materials of Changzhou City; School of Material Science and Engineering; Changzhou University; Changzhou Jiangsu 213164 People's Republic of China
| | - Hongjun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Polymeric Materials of Changzhou City; School of Material Science and Engineering; Changzhou University; Changzhou Jiangsu 213164 People's Republic of China
| | - Bibiao Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Polymeric Materials of Changzhou City; School of Material Science and Engineering; Changzhou University; Changzhou Jiangsu 213164 People's Republic of China
| | - Yiliang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Polymeric Materials of Changzhou City; School of Material Science and Engineering; Changzhou University; Changzhou Jiangsu 213164 People's Republic of China
| | - Dongliang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Polymeric Materials of Changzhou City; School of Material Science and Engineering; Changzhou University; Changzhou Jiangsu 213164 People's Republic of China
| | - Jianbo Fang
- Key Laboratory of Polymeric Materials of Changzhou City; School of Material Science and Engineering; Changzhou University; Changzhou Jiangsu 213164 People's Republic of China
| | - Lizhi Kong
- Key Laboratory of Polymeric Materials of Changzhou City; School of Material Science and Engineering; Changzhou University; Changzhou Jiangsu 213164 People's Republic of China
| | - Guangqun Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Polymeric Materials of Changzhou City; School of Material Science and Engineering; Changzhou University; Changzhou Jiangsu 213164 People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhai Chen
- Key Laboratory of Polymeric Materials of Changzhou City; School of Material Science and Engineering; Changzhou University; Changzhou Jiangsu 213164 People's Republic of China
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64
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Landry E, Ye Z. Convenient Pd-Catalyzed Synthesis of Large Unimolecular Star Polyethylene Nanoparticles. Macromol Rapid Commun 2013; 34:1493-8. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201300502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2013] [Revised: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Landry
- Bharti School of Engineering; Laurentian University; Sudbury Ontario P3E 2C6 Canada
| | - Zhibin Ye
- Bharti School of Engineering; Laurentian University; Sudbury Ontario P3E 2C6 Canada
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65
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Li V, Chang AY, Williams TJ. A noncovalent, fluoroalkyl coating monomer for phosphonate-covered nanoparticles. Tetrahedron 2013; 69:7741-7746. [PMID: 23913989 PMCID: PMC3728910 DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2013.05.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Gadolinium-containing phosphonate-coated gold nanoparticles were prepared and then non-covalently coated with an amphiphilic fluorous monomer. The monomer spontaneously self-assembles into a non-covalent monolayer shell around the particle. The binding of the shell utilizes a guanidinium-phosphonate interaction analogous to the one exploited by the Wender molecular transporter system. Particle-shell binding was characterized by a 27% decrease in 19F T1 of the fluorous shell upon exposure to the paramagnetic gadolinium in the particle and a corresponding increase in hydrodynamic diameter from 3 nm to 4 nm. Interestingly, a much smaller modulation of 19F T1 is observed when the shell monomer is treated with a phosphonate-free particle. By contrast, the phosphonate-free particle is a much more relaxive 1H T1 agent for water. Together, these observations show that the fluoroalkylguanidinium shell binds selectively to the phosphonate-covered particle. The system's relaxivity and selectivity give it potential for use in 19F based nanotheranostic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Li
- Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute, Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, 837 Bloom Walk, Los Angeles, CA 90089-1661, USA
| | - Andy Y. Chang
- The Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, 4650 Sunset Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90027-6062, USA
| | - Travis J. Williams
- Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute, Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, 837 Bloom Walk, Los Angeles, CA 90089-1661, USA
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66
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Yu YB. Fluorinated dendrimers as imaging agents for
19
F MRI. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2013; 5:646-61. [DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2013] [Revised: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yihua Bruce Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Maryland Baltimore MD USA
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering University of Maryland College Park MD USA
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67
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Yu JX, Hallac RR, Chiguru S, Mason RP. New frontiers and developing applications in 19F NMR. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2013; 70:25-49. [PMID: 23540575 PMCID: PMC3613763 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2012.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2012] [Accepted: 10/23/2012] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Xin Yu
- Laboratory of Prognostic Radiology, Division of Advanced Radiological Sciences, Department of Radiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Rami R. Hallac
- Laboratory of Prognostic Radiology, Division of Advanced Radiological Sciences, Department of Radiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Srinivas Chiguru
- Laboratory of Prognostic Radiology, Division of Advanced Radiological Sciences, Department of Radiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Ralph P. Mason
- Laboratory of Prognostic Radiology, Division of Advanced Radiological Sciences, Department of Radiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
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68
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Wang K, Peng H, Thurecht KJ, Puttick S, Whittaker AK. pH-responsive star polymer nanoparticles: potential 19F MRI contrast agents for tumour-selective imaging. Polym Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3py00654a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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69
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70
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Coles DJ, Rolfe BE, Boase NRB, Veedu RN, Thurecht KJ. Aptamer-targeted hyperbranched polymers: towards greater specificity for tumours in vivo. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:3836-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc00127j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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71
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Diou O, Tsapis N, Fattal E. Targeted nanotheranostics for personalized cancer therapy. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2012; 9:1475-87. [DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2012.736486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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72
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73
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Peng H, Thurecht KJ, Blakey I, Taran E, Whittaker AK. Effect of Solvent Quality on the Solution Properties of Assemblies of Partially Fluorinated Amphiphilic Diblock Copolymers. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma3019188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Peng
- Australian
Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, ‡Centre for Advanced Imaging, and §Australian National
Fabrication Facility Queensland Node, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia 4072, Australia
| | - Kristofer J. Thurecht
- Australian
Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, ‡Centre for Advanced Imaging, and §Australian National
Fabrication Facility Queensland Node, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia 4072, Australia
| | - Idriss Blakey
- Australian
Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, ‡Centre for Advanced Imaging, and §Australian National
Fabrication Facility Queensland Node, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia 4072, Australia
| | - Elena Taran
- Australian
Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, ‡Centre for Advanced Imaging, and §Australian National
Fabrication Facility Queensland Node, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia 4072, Australia
| | - Andrew K. Whittaker
- Australian
Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, ‡Centre for Advanced Imaging, and §Australian National
Fabrication Facility Queensland Node, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia 4072, Australia
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74
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Lu H, Su F, Mei Q, Tian Y, Tian W, Johnson RH, Meldrum DR. Using fluorine-containing amphiphilic random copolymers to manipulate the quantum yields of aggregation-induced emission fluorophores in aqueous solutions and the use of these polymers for fluorescent bioimaging. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY 2012; 22:9890-9900. [PMID: 23397360 PMCID: PMC3565462 DOI: 10.1039/c2jm30258f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Two new series of aggregation-induced emission (AIE) fluorophore-containing amphiphilic copolymers possessing the segments of a monomeric AIE fluorophore, N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA), [2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]trimethylammonium chloride (MATMA), and/or 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl methacrylate (TFEMA) were synthesized. Photophysical properties were investigated using UV-Vis absorbance and fluorescence spectrofluorometry. The increases of molar fractions of the hydrophobic AIE fluorophores and/or the trifluoroethyl moieties result in the higher quantum yields of the AIE fluorophores in the polymers. Using 1-mol% of AIE fluorophores with the tuning of molar fractions of TFEMA, 40% quantum yield was achieved, whereas only less than 10% quantum yield was obtained for the polymers without the TFEMA segments. The quantum yield difference indicates the importance of the fluorine segments for getting high quantum yields of the AIE fluorophores. These polymers were explored for fluorescent bioimaging using human brain glioblastoma U87MG and human esophagus premalignant CP-A cell lines. All the polymers are cell permeable and located in the cellular cytoplasma area. Cellular uptake was demonstrated to be through endocytosis, which is time and energy dependent. The polymers are non-cytotoxic to the two cell lines. Because the polymers contain (19)F segments, we studied the spin-lattice relaxation time (T1) and spin-spin relaxation time (T2) of these polymers. T1 and T2 are the two important parameters for the evaluations of the capacity of these polymers for further applications in (19)F magnetic resonance imaging ((19)F MRI). Structure influence on T1 and T2, especially for T2, was observed. These new multifunctional materials are the first series of fluorinated polymers with AIE fluorophores for bioapplications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongguang Lu
- Center for Biosignatures Discovery Automation, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, 1001 S McAllister Ave, Tempe, AZ 85287
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P.R. China
| | - Fengyu Su
- Center for Biosignatures Discovery Automation, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, 1001 S McAllister Ave, Tempe, AZ 85287
| | - Qian Mei
- Center for Biosignatures Discovery Automation, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, 1001 S McAllister Ave, Tempe, AZ 85287
| | - Yanqing Tian
- Center for Biosignatures Discovery Automation, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, 1001 S McAllister Ave, Tempe, AZ 85287
| | - Wenjing Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P.R. China
| | - Roger H. Johnson
- Center for Biosignatures Discovery Automation, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, 1001 S McAllister Ave, Tempe, AZ 85287
| | - Deirdre R. Meldrum
- Center for Biosignatures Discovery Automation, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, 1001 S McAllister Ave, Tempe, AZ 85287
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75
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Bailey MM, Kline SR, Anderson MD, Staymates JL, Berkland C. Chemically modifiable fluorinated copolymer nanoparticles for 19F-MRI contrast enhancement. J Appl Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/app.36889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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76
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Gao H. Development of star polymers as unimolecular containers for nanomaterials. Macromol Rapid Commun 2012; 33:722-34. [PMID: 22419360 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201200005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2012] [Revised: 02/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Star polymers containing one central core surrounded by multiple radiating arms represent an intriguing type of globular platform to be used as unimolecular containers and reactors. The core domain can encapsulate guest "cargos", whereas protective shell and chain ends can be functionalized with reactive groups and ligands. This Feature Article highlights the recent development on using core-shell structured amphiphilic star polymers as unimolecular containers for applications in drug delivery, catalysis, and template of hybrid nanomaterials. As compared with dendrimers, star polymers enjoy advantages of facile synthesis, flexible compositions, and tunable sizes, which allow them being able to carry more and multiple "cargos" within one molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Gao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 365 Stepan Chemistry Hall, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA.
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77
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Rikkou-Kalourkoti M, Matyjaszewski K, Patrickios CS. Synthesis, Characterization and Thermolysis of Hyperbranched Homo- and Amphiphilic Co-Polymers Prepared Using an Inimer Bearing a Thermolyzable Acylal Group. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma202021y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Costas S. Patrickios
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia,
Cyprus
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78
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Ogawa M, Kataoka H, Nitahara S, Fujimoto H, Aoki H, Ito S, Narazaki M, Matsuda T. Water-Soluble Fluorinated Polymer Nanoparticle as 19F MRI Contrast Agent Prepared by Living Random Copolymerization from Dendrimer Initiator. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2012. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20110048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michihiro Ogawa
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University
| | - Hiromasa Kataoka
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University
| | - Satoshi Nitahara
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University
| | - Hiroyuki Fujimoto
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University
| | - Hiroyuki Aoki
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University
| | - Shinzaburo Ito
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University
| | - Michiko Narazaki
- Department of Systems Science, Graduate School of Informatics, Kyoto University
| | - Tetsuya Matsuda
- Department of Systems Science, Graduate School of Informatics, Kyoto University
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79
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80
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Nyström AM, Wooley KL. The importance of chemistry in creating well-defined nanoscopic embedded therapeutics: devices capable of the dual functions of imaging and therapy. Acc Chem Res 2011; 44:969-78. [PMID: 21675721 PMCID: PMC3196832 DOI: 10.1021/ar200097k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Nanomedicine is a rapidly evolving field, for which polymer building blocks are proving useful for the construction of sophisticated devices that provide enhanced diagnostic imaging and treatment of disease, known as theranostics. These well-defined nanoscopic objects have high loading capacities, can protect embedded therapeutic cargo, and offer control over the conditions and rates of release. Theranostics also offer external surface area for the conjugation of ligands to impart stealth characteristics and/or direct their interactions with biological receptors and provide a framework for conjugation of imaging agents to track delivery to diseased site(s). The nanoscopic dimensions allow for extensive biological circulation. The incorporation of such multiple functions is complicated, requiring exquisite chemical control during production and rigorous characterization studies to confirm the compositions, structures, properties, and performance. We are particularly interested in the study of nanoscopic objects designed for treatment of lung infections and acute lung injury, urinary tract infections, and cancer. This Account highlights our work over several years to tune the assembly of unique nanostructures. We provide examples of how the composition, structure, dimensions, and morphology of theranostic devices can tune their performance as drug delivery agents for the treatment of infectious diseases and cancer. The evolution of nanostructured materials from relatively simple overall shapes and internal morphologies to those of increasing complexity is driving the development of synthetic methodologies for the preparation of increasingly complex nanomedicine devices. Our nanomedicine devices are derived from macromolecules that have well-defined compositions, structures, and topologies, which provide a framework for their programmed assembly into nanostructures with controlled sizes, shapes, and morphologies. The inclusion of functional units within selective compartments/domains allows us to create (multi)functional materials. We employ combinations of controlled radical and ring-opening polymerizations, chemical transformations, and supramolecular assembly to construct such materials as functional entities. The use of multifunctional monomers with selective polymerization chemistries affords regiochemically functionalized polymers. Further supramolecular assembly processes in water with further chemical transformations provide discrete nanoscopic objects within aqueous solutions. This approach echoes processes in nature, whereby small molecules (amino acids, nucleic acids, saccharides) are linked into polymers (proteins, DNA/RNA, polysaccharides, respectively) and then those polymers fold into three-dimensional conformations that can lead to nanoscopic functional entities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas M. Nyström
- The Swedish Medical Nanoscience Center, Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karen L. Wooley
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, 3255 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, United States
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81
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Low-fluorinated homopolymer from heterogeneous ATRP of 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl methacrylate mediated by copper complex with nitrogen-based ligand. J Fluor Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2011.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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82
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Koda Y, Terashima T, Nomura A, Ouchi M, Sawamoto M. Fluorinated Microgel-Core Star Polymers as Fluorous Compartments for Molecular Recognition. Macromolecules 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ma201076y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Koda
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyotodaigaku-katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Takaya Terashima
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyotodaigaku-katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Akihisa Nomura
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyotodaigaku-katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Makoto Ouchi
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyotodaigaku-katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Sawamoto
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyotodaigaku-katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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83
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Knight JC, Edwards PG, Paisey SJ. Fluorinated contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging; a review of recent developments. RSC Adv 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1ra00627d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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84
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Oerlemans C, Bult W, Bos M, Storm G, Nijsen JFW, Hennink WE. Polymeric micelles in anticancer therapy: targeting, imaging and triggered release. Pharm Res 2010; 27:2569-89. [PMID: 20725771 PMCID: PMC2982955 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-010-0233-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 591] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2010] [Accepted: 07/27/2010] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Micelles are colloidal particles with a size around 5-100 nm which are currently under investigation as carriers for hydrophobic drugs in anticancer therapy. Currently, five micellar formulations for anticancer therapy are under clinical evaluation, of which Genexol-PM has been FDA approved for use in patients with breast cancer. Micelle-based drug delivery, however, can be improved in different ways. Targeting ligands can be attached to the micelles which specifically recognize and bind to receptors overexpressed in tumor cells, and chelation or incorporation of imaging moieties enables tracking micelles in vivo for biodistribution studies. Moreover, pH-, thermo-, ultrasound-, or light-sensitive block copolymers allow for controlled micelle dissociation and triggered drug release. The combination of these approaches will further improve specificity and efficacy of micelle-based drug delivery and brings the development of a 'magic bullet' a major step forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Oerlemans
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center, Heidelberglaan 100, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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85
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Miao H, Bao F, Cheng L, Shi W. Fluorinated modification of hyperbranched polyesters used for improving the surface property of UV curing coatings. J Fluor Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2010.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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86
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Zhou Y, Huang W, Liu J, Zhu X, Yan D. Self-assembly of hyperbranched polymers and its biomedical applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2010; 22:4567-4590. [PMID: 20853374 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201000369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 428] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Hyperbranched polymers (HBPs) are highly branched macromolecules with a three-dimensional dendritic architecture. Due to their unique topological structure and interesting physical/chemical properties, HBPs have attracted wide attention from both academia and industry. In this paper, the recent developments in HBP self-assembly and their biomedical applications have been comprehensively reviewed. Many delicate supramolecular structures from zero-dimension (0D) to three-dimension (3D), such as micelles, fibers, tubes, vesicles, membranes, large compound vesicles and physical gels, have been prepared through the solution or interfacial self-assembly of amphiphilic HBPs. In addition, these supramolecular structures have shown promising applications in the biomedical areas including drug delivery, protein purification/detection/delivery, gene transfection, antibacterial/antifouling materials and cytomimetic chemistry. Such developments promote the interdiscipline researches among surpramolecular chemistry, biomedical chemistry, nano-technology and functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfeng Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
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87
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Dong BT, Dong YQ, Du FS, Li ZC. Controlling Polymer Topology by Atom Transfer Radical Self-Condensing Vinyl Polymerization of p-(2-Bromoisobutyloylmethyl)styrene. Macromolecules 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/ma101807y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Tao Dong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of Ministry of Education, Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yong-Quan Dong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of Ministry of Education, Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Fu-Sheng Du
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of Ministry of Education, Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zi-Chen Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of Ministry of Education, Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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88
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Thurecht KJ, Blakey I, Peng H, Squires O, Hsu S, Alexander C, Whittaker AK. Functional hyperbranched polymers: toward targeted in vivo 19F magnetic resonance imaging using designed macromolecules. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:5336-7. [PMID: 20345132 DOI: 10.1021/ja100252y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
We have demonstrated the design and synthesis of hyperbranched molecules that can be successfully imaged in vivo using (19)F MRI in under 10 min. These polymers are cytocompatible following chain extension with PEGMA. In addition, functionalization of these macromolecules can be achieved in a facile manner and with accessible and correct ligand presentation. Such hyperbranched polymers hold promise as new generation tracking and targeting MRI contrast agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristofer J Thurecht
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology and Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
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89
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Du W, Li Y, Nyström AM, Cheng C, Wooley KL. Synthesis, characterization, and aqueous self-assembly of amphiphilic poly(ethylene oxide)-functionalized hyperbranched fluoropolymers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.24149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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90
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Bailey MM, Mahoney CM, Dempah KE, Davis JM, Becker ML, Khondee S, Munson EJ, Berkland C. Fluorinated Copolymer Nanoparticles for Multimodal Imaging Applications. Macromol Rapid Commun 2010; 31:87-92. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.200900505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2009] [Revised: 08/08/2009] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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91
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Chalmers K, Deâ
Luca E, Hogg NH, Kenwright A, Kuprov I, Parker D, Botta M, Wilson JI, Blamire A. Design Principles and Theory of Paramagnetic Fluorine-Labelled Lanthanide Complexes as Probes for19F Magnetic Resonance: A Proof-of-Concept Study. Chemistry 2010; 16:134-48. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200902300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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92
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93
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Ma J, Bartels JW, Li Z, Zhang K, Cheng C, Wooley KL. Synthesis and Solution-state Assembly or Bulk State Thiol-ene Crosslinking of Pyrrolidinone- and Alkene-functionalized Amphiphilic Block Fluorocopolymers: From Functional Nanoparticles to Anti-fouling Coatings. Aust J Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1071/ch10011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
With an ever increasing interest in the combined functionality and versatility of materials, increasing demands are placed on synthetic methodologies by which to produce such materials. This work demonstrates the preparation of block copolymers having fluorocarbon content, pyrrolidinone units, and alkene groups as complex building blocks for the assembly of discrete nanoparticles in solution and, alternatively, transformation into sophisticated crosslinked networks. Reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization is a facile tool for the synthesis of well-defined polymers containing imbedded side-chain functionalities. In this work, the synthesis of well-defined multifunctional fluorinated polymers bearing pendant pyrrolidinone groups, and block copolymers bearing both pyrrolidinone and alkenyl groups on different segments was achieved, by using RAFT polymerizations of unique bifunctional monomers. Upon micellization, the amphiphilic diblock copolymers were transformed into regioselectively-functionalized nanoparticles. Further transformations of pyrrolidinone- and alkene-dual functionalized-block copolymers into complex amphiphilic networks were accomplished by highly efficient UV-induced thiol-ene reactions. Whether as discrete nanoparticles or nanoscopically-segregated crosslinked networks, these materials have great potential for several diverse technologies, including as anti-fouling materials.
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94
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Nurmi L, Peng H, Seppälä J, Haddleton DM, Blakey I, Whittaker AK. Synthesis and evaluation of partly fluorinated polyelectrolytes as components in 19F MRI-detectable nanoparticles. Polym Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/c0py00035c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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95
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Peng H, Blakey I, Dargaville B, Rasoul F, Rose S, Whittaker AK. Synthesis and evaluation of partly fluorinated block copolymers as MRI imaging agents. Biomacromolecules 2009; 10:374-81. [PMID: 19128056 DOI: 10.1021/bm801136m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
A series of well-defined diblock copolymers of acrylic acid with partially fluorinated acrylate and methacrylate monomers were synthesized using ATRP as potential 19F MRI imaging agents. The diblock copolymers could undergo spontaneous self-assembly in mixed and aqueous solvents to form stable micelles with a diameter from approximately 20-45 nm, having a fluorine-rich core that provides a strong signal for MRI examinations. The observed MRI image intensities were related to the NMR longitudinal and transverse relaxation times, and were found to depend on polymer structure and method of micellization. Two distinct T2 relaxation times were measured; on comparison of expected MRI image intensities with those observed experimentally, it was found that methacrylate polymers show systematically lower signal intensity than acrylate polymers. This is related to the presence of a population of nuclear spins having very short T2 relaxation times that cannot be detected under high-resolution NMR and MRI conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Peng
- Centre for Magnetic Resonance, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia 4072, Australia
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96
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Du W, Xu Z, Nyström AM, Zhang K, Leonard JR, Wooley KL. 19F- and fluorescently labeled micelles as nanoscopic assemblies for chemotherapeutic delivery. Bioconjug Chem 2009; 19:2492-8. [PMID: 19049473 DOI: 10.1021/bc800396h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Micelles from amphiphilic star-block copolymers, having a hydrophobic hyperbranched core and amphiphilic fluoropolymer arms, were constructed as drug delivery agent assemblies. A series of polymer structures was constructed from consecutive copolymerizations of 4-chloromethylstyrene with dodecyl acrylate and then 1,1,1- trifluoroethyl methacrylate with tert-butyl acrylate, followed by acidolysis to release the hydrophilic acrylic acid residues. These structures were labeled with cascade blue as a fluorescence reporter. The series of materials differed primarily in the ratio of 1,1,1-trifluoroethyl methacrylate to acrylic acid units, to give differences in fluorine loading and hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity balance. Doxorubicin (DOX) was used as a therapeutic to study the loading, release, and cytotoxicity of these micellar constructs on an U87-MG-EGFRvIII-CBR cell line. The micelles, with TEM-measured diameters ranging 5-9 nm and DLS-measured hydrodynamic diameters 20-30 nm, had loading capacities of ca. 4 wt % of DOX. The DOX-loaded micelles exhibited potent cytotoxicity with cell viabilities of 60-25% at 1.0 microg/mL effective DOX concentrations, depending upon the polymer composition, as determined by MTT assays. These cell viability values are comparable to that of free DOX, suggesting an effective release of the cargo and delivery to the cell nuclei, which was further confirmed by fluorescence microscopy of the cells. 19F-NMR spectroscopy indicated a partial degradation of the surface-available trifluoroethyl ester linkages of the micelles, which may have accelerated the release of DOX. 19F-NMR spectroscopy was also employed to confirm and to quantify the cell uptake of the micelles. These dual fluorescent- and 19F-labeled and chemically functional micelles may be used potentially in a variety of applications, such as cell labeling, imaging, and therapeutic delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Du
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri 63130-4899, USA
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