51
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Photocatalytic ozonation of metronidazole by synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles immobilized on montmorillonite. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2017.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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52
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Türkyılmaz ŞŞ, Güy N, Özacar M. Photocatalytic efficiencies of Ni, Mn, Fe and Ag doped ZnO nanostructures synthesized by hydrothermal method: The synergistic/antagonistic effect between ZnO and metals. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2017.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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53
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Highly efficient Y and V co-doped ZnO photocatalyst with enhanced dye sensitized visible light photocatalytic activity. Catal Today 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2016.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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54
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Huang YJ, Zheng YQ, Wang JJ, Zhou LX. A new bismuth-based coordination polymer as an efficient visible light responding photocatalyst under white LED irradiation. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2016.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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55
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Thirumalai K, Shanthi M, Swaminathan M. Hydrothermal fabrication of natural sun light active Dy2WO6 doped ZnO and its enhanced photo-electrocatalytic activity and self-cleaning properties. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra24843h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dy2WO6 doped ZnO, fabricated by template free hydrothermal process, reveals enhanced efficiency in solar photocatalytic degradation of azo dyes, electrocatalytic oxidation of methanol and hydrophobicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manohar Shanthi
- Photocatalysis Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- Annamalai University
- India
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56
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Tiwari N, Kumar S, Ghosh AK, Chatterjee S, Jha S, Bhattacharyya D. Structural investigations of (Mn, Dy) co-doped ZnO nanocrystals using X-ray absorption studies. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra10748j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
EXAFS measurements on sol gel derived (Mn, Dy) co-doped ZnO nanocrystals show that oxygen vacancies are created near the Dy sites into ZnO lattice. Thus, oxygen vacancy assisted bound magnetic polarons contribute to the RTFM in the Dy doped samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Tiwari
- Atomic & Molecular Physics Division
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre
- Mumbai-400 085
- India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute
| | - S. Kumar
- Hiroshima Synchrotron Radiation Center
- Hiroshima University
- Higashi-Hiroshima 739-0046
- Japan
| | - A. K. Ghosh
- Materials Research Laboratory
- Department of Physics
- Banaras Hindu University
- Varanasi-221 005
- India
| | - S. Chatterjee
- Department of Physics
- Indian Institute of Technology
- Banaras Hindu University
- Varanasi-221 005
- India
| | - S. N. Jha
- Atomic & Molecular Physics Division
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre
- Mumbai-400 085
- India
| | - D. Bhattacharyya
- Atomic & Molecular Physics Division
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre
- Mumbai-400 085
- India
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57
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Hanifehpour Y, Soltani B, Amani-Ghadim AR, Hodayi H, Min BK, Joo SW. Novel Visible Light Photocatalyst Based on Holmium-Doped Cadmium Sulfide: Synthesis, Characterization and Kinetics Study. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-016-0432-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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58
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Karaca M, Kıranşan M, Karaca S, Khataee A, Karimi A. Sonocatalytic removal of naproxen by synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles on montmorillonite. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2016; 31:250-256. [PMID: 26964947 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2016.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ZnO/MMT nanocomposite as sonocatalyst was prepared by immobilizing synthesized ZnO on the montmorillonite surface. The characteristics of as-prepared nanocomposite were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. The synthesized samples were used as a catalyst for sonocatalytic degradation of naproxen. ZnO/MMT catalyst in the presence of ultrasound irradiation was more effective compared to pure ZnO nanoparticles and MMT particles in the sonocatalysis of naproxen. The effect of different operational parameters on the sonocatalytic degradation of naproxen including initial drug concentration, sonocatalyst dosage, solution pH, ultrasonic power and the presence of organic and inorganic scavengers were evaluated. It was found that the presence of the scavengers suppressed the sonocatalytic degradation efficiency. The reusability of the nanocomposite was examined in several consecutive runs, and the degradation efficiency decreased only 2% after 5 repeated runs. The main intermediates of naproxen degradation were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-Mass).
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Affiliation(s)
- Melike Karaca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Atatürk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Murat Kıranşan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Atatürk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey.
| | - Semra Karaca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Atatürk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Alireza Khataee
- Research Laboratory of Advanced Water and Wastewater Treatment Processes, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, 51666-16471 Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Atefeh Karimi
- Research Laboratory of Advanced Water and Wastewater Treatment Processes, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, 51666-16471 Tabriz, Iran
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59
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Sonochemical Synthesis, Characterization and Sonocatalytic Performance of Terbium-Doped CdS Nanoparticles. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-016-0352-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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60
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Raza W, Khan A, Alam U, Muneer M, Bahnemann D. Facile fabrication of visible light induced Bi 2 O 3 nanorod using conventional heat treatment method. J Mol Struct 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2015.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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61
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Khataee A, Vahid B, Saadi S, Joo SW. Development of an empirical kinetic model for sonocatalytic process using neodymium doped zinc oxide nanoparticles. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2016; 29:146-155. [PMID: 26584992 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2015.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The degradation of Acid Blue 92 (AB92) solution was investigated using a sonocatalytic process with pure and neodymium (Nd)-doped ZnO nanoparticles. The nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The 1% Nd-doped ZnO nanoparticles demonstrated the highest sonocatalytic activity for the treatment of AB92 (10 mg/L) with a degradation efficiency (DE%) of 86.20% compared to pure ZnO (62.92%) and sonication (45.73%) after 150 min. The results reveal that the sonocatalytic degradation followed pseudo-first order kinetics. An empirical kinetic model was developed using nonlinear regression analysis to estimate the pseudo-first-order rate constant (kapp) as a function of the operational parameters, including the initial dye concentration (5-25 mg/L), doped-catalyst dosage (0.25-1 g/L), ultrasonic power (150-400 W), and dopant content (1-6% mol). The results from the kinetic model were consistent with the experimental results (R(2)=0.990). Moreover, DE% increases with addition of potassium periodate, peroxydisulfate, and hydrogen peroxide as radical enhancers by generating more free radicals. However, the addition of chloride, carbonate, sulfate, and t-butanol as radical scavengers declines DE%. Suitable reusability of the doped sonocatalyst was proven for several consecutive runs. Some of the produced intermediates were also detected by GC-MS analysis. The phytotoxicity test using Lemna minor (L. minor) plant confirmed the considerable toxicity removal of the AB92 solution after treatment process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Khataee
- Research Laboratory of Advanced Water and Wastewater Treatment Processes, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, 51666-16471 Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Behrouz Vahid
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, 51579-44533 Tabriz, Iran
| | - Shabnam Saadi
- Research Laboratory of Advanced Water and Wastewater Treatment Processes, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, 51666-16471 Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sang Woo Joo
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 712-749 Gyeongsan, South Korea.
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62
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Khataee A, Saadi S, Vahid B, Joo SW, Min BK. Sonocatalytic degradation of Acid Blue 92 using sonochemically prepared samarium doped zinc oxide nanostructures. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2016; 29:27-38. [PMID: 26584981 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2015.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Pure and Sm-doped ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized applying a simple sonochemical method. The nanocatalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) techniques which confirmed the successful synthesis of the doped sonocatalyst. The sonocatalytic degradation of Acid Blue 92 (AB92), a model azo dye, was more than that with sonolysis alone. The 6% Sm-doped ZnO nanoparticles had a band gap of 2.8 eV and demonstrated the highest activity. The degradation efficiency (DE%) of sonolysis and sonocatalysis with undoped ZnO and 6% Sm-doped ZnO was 45.73%, 63.9%, and 90.10%, after 150 min of treatment, respectively. Sonocatalytic degradation of AB92 is enhanced with increasing the dopant amount and catalyst dosage and with decreasing the initial AB29 concentration. DE% declines with the addition of radical scavengers such as chloride, carbonate, sulfate, and tert-butanol. However, the addition of enhancers including potassium periodates, peroxydisulfate, and hydrogen peroxide improves DE% by producing more free radicals. The results show adequate reusability of the doped sonocatalyst. Degradation intermediates were recognized by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Using nonlinear regression analysis, an empirical kinetic model was developed to estimate the pseudo-first-order constants (kapp) as a function of the main operational parameters, including the initial dye concentration, sonocatalyst dosage, and ultrasonic power.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Khataee
- Research Laboratory of Advanced Water and Wastewater Treatment Processes, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, 51666-16471 Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Shabnam Saadi
- Research Laboratory of Advanced Water and Wastewater Treatment Processes, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, 51666-16471 Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behrouz Vahid
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, 51579-44533 Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sang Woo Joo
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 712-749 Gyeongsan, South Korea.
| | - Bong-Ki Min
- Center for Research Facilities, Yeungnam University, 712-749 Gyeongsan, South Korea
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63
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Sonochemical synthesis of holmium doped zinc oxide nanoparticles: Characterization, sonocatalysis of reactive orange 29 and kinetic study. J IND ENG CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2015.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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64
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Hanifehpour Y, Soltani B, Amani-Ghadim AR, Hedayati B, Khomami B, Joo SW. Praseodymium-doped ZnS nanomaterials: Hydrothermal synthesis and characterization with enhanced visible light photocatalytic activity. J IND ENG CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2015.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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65
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Darvishi Cheshmeh Soltani R, Jorfi S, Ramezani H, Purfadakari S. Ultrasonically induced ZnO-biosilica nanocomposite for degradation of a textile dye in aqueous phase. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2016; 28:69-78. [PMID: 26384885 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2015] [Revised: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, a porous clay-like support with unique characteristics was used for the synthesis and immobilization of ZnO nanostructures to be used as sonocatalyst for the sonocatalytic decolorization of methylene blue (MB) dye in the aqueous phase. As a result, the sonocatalytic activity of ZnO-biosilica nanocomposite (77.8%) was higher than that of pure ZnO nanostructures (53.6%). Increasing the initial pH from 3 to 10 led to increasing the color removal from 41.8% to 88.2%, respectively. Increasing the sonocatalyst dosage from 0.5 to 2.5 g/L resulted in increasing the color removal, while further increase up to 3g/L caused an obvious drop in the color removal. The sonocatalysis of MB dye over ZnO-biosilica nanocomposite was temperature-dependent. The presence of methanol produced the most adverse effect on the sonocatalysis of MB dye. The addition of chloride and carbonate ions had a negligible effect on the sonocatalysis, while the addition of persulfate ion led to increasing the color removal from 77.8% to 99.4% during 90 min. The reusability test exhibited a 15% drop in the color removal (%) within three consecutive experimental runs. A mineralization efficiency of 63.2% was obtained within 4h.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sahand Jorfi
- Environmental Technology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Hojjatallah Ramezani
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Sudabeh Purfadakari
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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66
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Mohd Adnan MA, Julkapli NM, Abd Hamid SB. Review on ZnO hybrid photocatalyst: impact on photocatalytic activities of water pollutant degradation. REV INORG CHEM 2016; 36. [DOI: 10.1515/revic-2015-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
AbstractZinc oxide (ZnO) is one of the most widely used benchmark standard photocatalysts in the field of environmental applications. However, the large band gap of ZnO and the massive recombination of photogenerated charge carriers, especially in its nanosize, limit the overall photocatalytic efficiency. This can be further overcome by modifying the electronic band structure of ZnO by hybridization with a narrow band gap material, including metal, metal oxide, carbon based, and polymeric based. Indeed, ZnO hybridization with the respective materials contributed to its sensitizer by shifting the absorption wavelength to the visible region of the spectrum. This review encompasses several advancements made in the mentioned aspects, and also some of the new physical insights related to the charge transfer events, such as charge carrier generation, trapping, detrapping, and their transfer to surface, are discussed for each strategy of the hybrid ZnO. The synergistic effects in the mixed polymorphs of ZnO and also the theories proposed for their enhanced activity are reported. The review also highlights the potential application of ZnO hybrid for different kinds of pollutants from different wastewater sources.
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67
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Raza W, Faisal SM, Owais M, Bahnemann D, Muneer M. Facile fabrication of highly efficient modified ZnO photocatalyst with enhanced photocatalytic, antibacterial and anticancer activity. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra06774c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants using hexagonal Er and Nd doped ZnO photocatalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waseem Raza
- Department of Chemistry
- Aligarh Muslim University
- Aligarh-202002
- India
| | - Syed Mohammad Faisal
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit
- Aligarh Muslim University
- Aligarh-202002
- India
| | - Mohammad Owais
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit
- Aligarh Muslim University
- Aligarh-202002
- India
| | - D. Bahnemann
- Photocatalysis and Nanotechnology
- Institut fuer Technische Chemie
- Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universitaet Hannover
- D-30167 Hannover
- Germany
| | - M. Muneer
- Department of Chemistry
- Aligarh Muslim University
- Aligarh-202002
- India
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68
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Yan X, Chai L, Li Q, Ye L, Yang B, Wang Q. Pathway of zinc oxide formation by seed-assisted and controlled double-jet precipitation. CrystEngComm 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ce01916h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
ZnO can be well formed in a short time at room temperature via seed-assisted and controlled double-jet precipitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Yan
- School of Metallurgy and Environment
- Central South University
- Changsha 410083, China
| | - Liyuan Chai
- School of Metallurgy and Environment
- Central South University
- Changsha 410083, China
- Chinese National Engineering Research Centre for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution
- Changsha 410083, China
| | - Qingzhu Li
- School of Metallurgy and Environment
- Central South University
- Changsha 410083, China
- Chinese National Engineering Research Centre for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution
- Changsha 410083, China
| | - Lijun Ye
- School of Metallurgy and Environment
- Central South University
- Changsha 410083, China
| | - Bentao Yang
- School of Metallurgy and Environment
- Central South University
- Changsha 410083, China
| | - Qingwei Wang
- School of Metallurgy and Environment
- Central South University
- Changsha 410083, China
- Chinese National Engineering Research Centre for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution
- Changsha 410083, China
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69
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KHATAEE A, KIRANŞAN M, KARACA S, AREFI-OSKOUI S. Preparation and characterization of ZnO/MMT nanocomposite for photocatalytic ozonation of a disperse dye. Turk J Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.3906/kim-1507-77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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70
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DARVISHI CHESHMEH SOLTANI R, KHATAEE A, MASHAYEKHI M, SAFARI M. Photocatalysis of formaldehyde in the aqueous phase over ZnO/diatomite nanocomposite. Turk J Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.3906/kim-1507-54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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71
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Photocatalytic degradation of ciprofloxacin by synthesized TiO2 nanoparticles on montmorillonite: Effect of operation parameters and artificial neural network modeling. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2015.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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72
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Khataee A, Arefi-Oskoui S, Karimi A, Fathinia M, Hanifehpour Y, Joo SW. Sonocatalysis of a sulfa drug using neodymium-doped lead selenide nanoparticles. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2015; 27:345-358. [PMID: 26186854 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2015.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Revised: 05/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/30/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Undoped and Nd-doped PbSe nanoparticles with different Nd contents were successfully synthesized using a simple hydrothermal method. The prepared nanoparticles were thoroughly characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) techniques. Catalytic efficiency of undoped and Nd-doped PbSe samples was evaluated by monitoring the removal of sulfasalazine (SSZ) in aqueous solution under ultrasonic irradiations (sonocatalytic removal process). It was found that the presence of the K2S2O8 accelerated the sonocatalytic removal of SSZ, but the presence of NaF, Na2SO4, NaCl, and NaHCO3 obstructed it. The removal efficiency of 30.24% for PbSe and 86% for 12% Nd-doped PbSe was achieved at 90 min of reaction time, in the presence of peroxydisulfate. Also, the effect of operational parameters on the sonocatalytic removal efficiency and the dominant sonocatalytic removal mechanism were completely examined. It was found that removal of SSZ by sonocatalytic process was completed by the action of reactive oxygen species (ROS) rather than pyrolysis. An ecotoxicological test using an aquatic plant Lemna minor (L. minor) confirmed the negligible toxicity of the synthesized samples, which makes these nanoparticles appropriate for use as a sonocatalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Khataee
- Research Laboratory of Advanced Water and Wastewater Treatment Processes, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, 51666-16471 Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Samira Arefi-Oskoui
- Research Laboratory of Advanced Water and Wastewater Treatment Processes, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, 51666-16471 Tabriz, Iran
| | - Atefeh Karimi
- Research Laboratory of Advanced Water and Wastewater Treatment Processes, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, 51666-16471 Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehrangiz Fathinia
- Research Laboratory of Advanced Water and Wastewater Treatment Processes, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, 51666-16471 Tabriz, Iran
| | - Younes Hanifehpour
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 712-749 Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Sang Woo Joo
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 712-749 Gyeongsan, South Korea.
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73
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Khataee A, Saadi S, Safarpour M, Joo SW. Sonocatalytic performance of Er-doped ZnO for degradation of a textile dye. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2015; 27:379-388. [PMID: 26186857 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2015.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Revised: 06/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Pure and erbium (Er)-doped ZnO samples were synthesized through a sonochemical method and characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV-Vis spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. The synthesized samples were used as a catalyst for the sonocatalytic decolorization of Reactive Orange 29 (RO29) as a model organic pollutant. The decolorization efficiency was 63%, 68%, 88%, and 75% for undoped, 2%, 4%, and 6% Er-doped ZnO, respectively. The effect of different experimental parameters including catalyst content, dye concentration and ultrasound power was investigated on the sonocatalytic decolorization of RO29. Among several radical scavengers (i.e. chloride, carbonate and sulfate anions and t-butanol), the chloride anion showed the most inhibitive effect on the sonocatalysis performance. Improvement of the sonocatalytic process by K2S2O8 and H2O2 enhancers was also studied. The reusability of the synthesized sonocatalyst was evaluated in several consecutive runs, and a decline of only 4% was observed in the process performance after five runs. The intermediates produced during the degradation of RO29 were identified by GC-MS analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Khataee
- Research Laboratory of Advanced Water and Wastewater Treatment Processes, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, 51666-16471 Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Shabnam Saadi
- Research Laboratory of Advanced Water and Wastewater Treatment Processes, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, 51666-16471 Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahdie Safarpour
- Research Laboratory of Advanced Water and Wastewater Treatment Processes, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, 51666-16471 Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sang Woo Joo
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 712-749 Gyeongsan, South Korea.
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74
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Photocatalysis of sulfasalazine using Gd-doped PbSe nanoparticles under visible light irradiation: Kinetics, intermediate identification and phyto-toxicological studies. J IND ENG CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2015.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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75
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Eskandarloo H, Badiei A, Behnajady MA, Ziarani GM. Ultrasonic-assisted sol-gel synthesis of samarium, cerium co-doped TiO2 nanoparticles with enhanced sonocatalytic efficiency. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2015; 26:281-292. [PMID: 25682738 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2015.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2014] [Revised: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this work, pure TiO2 and samarium, cerium mono-doped and co-doped TiO2 catalysts were synthesized by an ultrasonic-assisted sol-gel method and their sonocatalytic efficiency studied toward removal of Methyl Orange as a model organic pollutant from the textile industry. The relationship of structure and sonocatalytic performance of catalysts was established by using various techniques, such as XRD, TEM, SEM, EDX, DRS, and PL. A comparison on the removal efficiency of sonolysis alone and sonocatalytic processes was performed. The results showed that the samarium, cerium co-doped TiO2 catalyst with narrower band gap energy and smaller particle size leads to a rapid removal of pollutant. It was believed that Sm(3+) and Ce(4+) ions can serve as superficial trapping for electrons at conduction band of TiO2 and prolonged the lifetime of electron-hole pairs. Finally, the effect of synthesis and operational variables on the sonocatalytic activity of co-doped TiO2 catalyst was studied and optimized using response surface methodology as a statistical technique. The results showed that the maximum removal efficiency (96.33%) was achieved at the optimum conditions: samarium content of 0.6 wt%, cerium content of 0.82 wt%, initial pollutant concentration of 4.31 mg L(-1), catalyst dosage of 0.84 mg L(-1), ultrasonic irradiation power of 700 W, and irradiation time of 50 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Eskandarloo
- School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Badiei
- School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
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Sakar M, Balakumar S, Saravanan P, Bharathkumar S. Compliments of confinements: substitution and dimension induced magnetic origin and band-bending mediated photocatalytic enhancements in Bi(1-x)Dy(x)FeO3 particulate and fiber nanostructures. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:10667-79. [PMID: 26029882 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr01079a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The manifestation of substitution and dimension induced modifications in the magnetic origin and photocatalytic properties of Dy substituted bismuth ferrite (BDFOx) particulate and fiber nanostructures are reported herein. A gradual transformation from rhombohedral to orthorhombic structure is observed in BFO with the increasing concentration of Dy. Substitution induced size reduction in particulate and fiber nanostructures is evident from the scanning and transmission electron micrographs. Energy band structures of both particulate and fiber nanostructures are considerably influenced by the Dy substitution, which is ascribed to the formation of new energy states underneath the conduction band of host BFO. Field dependent and temperature dependent magnetic studies reveal that the origin of magnetism in pure BFO systems is due to the antiferromagnetic-core/ferromagnetic-shell like structure. On the other hand, it gets completely switched into 'canted' spin structures due to the substitution induced suppression of cycloidal spins in BFO, which is found to be the origin of magnetism in BDFOx particulate and fiber nanostructures. The visible light driven photocatalytic activity of BDFOx nanostructures is found to be enhanced with increasing concentration of Dy. Substitution induced band gap modification, semiconductor band bending phenomenon mediated charge transfer and reduced recombination resistances are attributed to the observed photocatalytic enhancements in these nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sakar
- National Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 0025, India.
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77
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Darvishi Cheshmeh Soltani R, Safari M, Maleki A, Godini H, Mahmoudian MH, Pordel MA. Application of Nanocrystalline Iranian Diatomite in Immobilized Form for Removal of a Textile Dye. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2015.1058715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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78
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Prasanna Kumar JB, Ramgopal G, Vidya YS, Anantharaju KS, Daruka Prasad B, Sharma SC, Prashantha SC, Nagaswarupa HP, Kavyashree D, Nagabhushana H. Green synthesis of Y2O3:Dy(3+) nanophosphor with enhanced photocatalytic activity. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2015; 149:687-697. [PMID: 25985135 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2015.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Revised: 04/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Facile and green route was employed for the synthesis of Y2O3:Dy(3+) (1-11 mol%) nanostructures (NSs) using Aloe vera gel as fuel. The formation of different morphologies of Y2O3:Dy(3+) NSs were characterized by SEM, TEM and HRTEM. PXRD data and Rietveld analysis evident the formation of single phase Y2O3 with cubic crystal structure. The influence of Dy(3+) ion concentration on the structure morphology, UV absorption, PL emission and photocatalytic activity of NSs were investigated. NSs exhibited an intense warm white emission with CIE chromaticity coordinates (0.32, 0.33) and average CCT value ∼5525 K which corresponds to vertical day light. The control of Dy(3+) ion on Y2O3 matrix influences the photocatalytic decolorization of Metanil Yellow as a model compound was evaluated. The enhanced photocatalytic activities of core shell structured Y2O3:Dy(3+) (1 mol%) was attributed to co-operation effect of dopant concentration, crystallite size, textural properties and capability for reducing electron-hole pair recombination. Further, the recycling catalytic ability of Y2O3:Dy(3+) (1 mol%) nanostructure was also evaluated and found promising photocatalytic performance with negligible decrease in decolorization efficiency even after sixth successive cyclic runs. Considering its green, facile synthesis and recyclable feature from an aqueous solution, the present Y2O3:Dy(3+) (1 mol%) nanophosphor can be considered as one of the ideal photocatalyst for various potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- J B Prasanna Kumar
- Department of Physics, GFGC Tumkur, Tumkur 572 102, Karnataka, India; Department of Physics, Sathyabama University, Jeppiaar Nagar, Chennai 600 119, Tamilmadu, India
| | - G Ramgopal
- Department of Physics, Maharani's Science College, Palace Road, Bangalore 560 001, Karnataka, India
| | - Y S Vidya
- Department of Physics, Lal Bahadur Shastry Government First Grade College, Bangalore 560 032, India.
| | - K S Anantharaju
- Research Center, Department of Science, East West Institute of Technology, Bangalore 560 091, India
| | - B Daruka Prasad
- Department of Physics, B.M.S. Institute of Technology, Yelahanka, Bangalore 560 064, India
| | - S C Sharma
- Dayananda Sagar University, Shavige Malleshwara Hills, Kumara Swamy Layout, Bangalore 560 078, India
| | - S C Prashantha
- Research Center, Department of Science, East West Institute of Technology, Bangalore 560 091, India
| | - H P Nagaswarupa
- Research Center, Department of Science, East West Institute of Technology, Bangalore 560 091, India
| | - D Kavyashree
- Department of Physics, Channabasaveshwara Institute of Technology, B.H. Road, Gubbi, Tumkur 572 216, India
| | - H Nagabhushana
- Prof. CNR Rao Centre for Advanced Materials, Tumkur University, Tumkur 572 103, India.
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79
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Prasanna kumar JB, Ramgopal G, Vidya YS, Anantharaju KS, Daruka Prasad B, Sharma SC, Prashantha SC, Premkumar HB, Nagabhushana H. Bio-inspired synthesis of Y2O3: Eu(3+) red nanophosphor for eco-friendly photocatalysis. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2015; 141:149-160. [PMID: 25668696 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2015.01.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2014] [Revised: 12/31/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of Y2O3: Eu(3+) (1-11 mol%) nanoparticles (NPs) with different morphologies via eco-friendly, inexpensive and simple low temperature solution combustion method using Aloe Vera gel as fuel. The formation of different morphologies of Y2O3: Eu(3+) NPs were characterized by PXRD, SEM, TEM, HRTEM, UV-Visible and PL techniques. The PXRD data and Rietveld analysis confirms the formation of single phase Y2O3 with cubic crystal structure. The influence of Eu(3+) ion concentration on the morphology, UV-Visible absorption, PL emission and photocatalytic activity of Y2O3: Eu(3+) nanostructures were investigated. Y2O3: Eu(3+) NPs exhibit intense red emission with CIE chromaticity coordinates (0.50, 0.47) and correlated color temperature values at different excitation ranges from 1868 to 2600 K. The control of Eu(3+) ion on Y2O3 matrix influences the photocatalytic decolorization of methylene blue (MB) as a model compound was evaluated under UVA light. Enhanced photocatalytic activity of conical shaped Y2O3: Eu(3+) (1 mol%) was attributed to dopant concentration, crystallite size, textural properties and capability of reducing the electron-hole pair recombination. The trend of inhibitory effect in the presence of different radical scavengers followed the order SO4(2-)>Cl(-)>C2H5OH>HCO3(-)>CO3(2-). These findings show great promise of Y2O3: Eu(3+) NPs as a red phosphor in warm white LEDs as well as eco-friendly heterogeneous photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J B Prasanna kumar
- Department of Physics, GFGC Tumkur, Tumkur 572 102, Karnataka, India; Department of Physics, Sathyabama University, Jeppiaar Nagar, Chennai 600 119, Tamilnadu, India
| | - G Ramgopal
- Department of Physics, Maharani's Science College, Palace Road, Bangalore 560 001, Karnataka, India
| | - Y S Vidya
- Department of Physics, Lal Bahadur Shastry Government First Grade College, Bangalore 560 032, India.
| | - K S Anantharaju
- Research Center, Department of Science, East West Institute of Technology, Bangalore 560 091, India.
| | - B Daruka Prasad
- Department of Physics, B M S Institute of Technology, Yelahanka, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - S C Sharma
- Chattisgarh Swami Vivekananda Technical University, Bhilai (CG) 493441, India
| | - S C Prashantha
- Research Center, Department of Science, East West Institute of Technology, Bangalore 560 091, India
| | - H B Premkumar
- Department of Physics, Acharya Institute of Technology, Bangalore 560 090, India
| | - H Nagabhushana
- Prof. CNR Rao Centre for Advanced Materials, Tumkur University, Tumkur 572103, India.
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Kıranşan M, Khataee A, Karaca S, Sheydaei M. Artificial neural network modeling of photocatalytic removal of a disperse dye using synthesized of ZnO nanoparticles on montmorillonite. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2015; 140:465-473. [PMID: 25638428 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2014.12.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/28/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the photocatalytic ability of ZnO/Montmorilonite (ZnO/MMT) nanocomposite under UV-A, UV-B and UV-C radiation was investigated. ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized on the surface of MMT and used as photocatalyst in decolorization of Disperse Red 54 (DR54) solution. Synthesized nanocomposite was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques and nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherms curves. The average width of synthesized ZnO particles is in the range of 30-45 nm. Effect of UV light regions, initial dye concentration, initial dosage of nanocomposite, and reusability of catalyst was studied on decolorization efficiency. The highest decolorization efficiency was achieved under UV-C radiation. A three-layered feed forward back propagation artificial neural network model was developed to predict the photocatalysis of DR54 under UV-C radiation. According to ANN model the ZnO/MMT dosage with a relative importance of 49.21% is the most influential parameter in the photocatalytic decolorization process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Kıranşan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Atatürk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Alireza Khataee
- Research Laboratory of Advanced Water and Wastewater Treatment Processes, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Semra Karaca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Atatürk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey.
| | - Mohsen Sheydaei
- Research Laboratory of Advanced Water and Wastewater Treatment Processes, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
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81
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Khataee A, Soltani RDC, Karimi A, Joo SW. Sonocatalytic degradation of a textile dye over Gd-doped ZnO nanoparticles synthesized through sonochemical process. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2015; 23:219-230. [PMID: 25216895 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2014.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Revised: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The present study was performed to sonochemically synthesize GdxZn₁-xO (x=0-0.1) nanoparticles for sonocatalysis of Acid Orange 7 (AO7) in an aqueous medium. The results of X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis confirmed proper synthesis of Gd-doped sonocatalyst. 5% Gd-doped ZnO nanoparticles with band gap of 2.8 eV exhibited the highest sonocatalytic decolorization efficiency of 90% at reaction time of 90 min. The effects of initial dye concentration and sonocatalyst dosage on decolorization efficiency were evaluated. In the presence of sodium sulfate, sodium carbonate and sodium chloride the decolorization efficiency decreased from 90 to 78, 65 and 56%, respectively. Among various enhancers, the addition of potassium periodate improved the decolorization efficiency from 90 to 100%. The highest decolorization efficiency was obtained at pH value of 6.34 (90%). The decolorization efficiency decreased only 6% after 4 repeated runs. Therefore, Gd-doped ZnO nanoparticles can be used as a promising catalyst for degradation of organic pollutants with great reusability potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Khataee
- Research Laboratory of Advanced Water and Wastewater Treatment Processes, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
| | | | - Atefeh Karimi
- Research Laboratory of Advanced Water and Wastewater Treatment Processes, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sang Woo Joo
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, South Korea.
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Khataee A, Arefi-Oskoui S, Fathinia M, Esmaeili A, Hanifehpour Y, Joo SW, Hamnabard N. Synthesis, characterization and photocatalytic properties of Er-doped PbSe nanoparticles as a visible light-activated photocatalyst. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2014.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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83
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Gurushantha K, Anantharaju K, Nagabhushana H, Sharma S, Vidya Y, Shivakumara C, Nagaswarupa H, Prashantha S, Anilkumar M. Facile green fabrication of iron-doped cubic ZrO2 nanoparticles by Phyllanthus acidus: Structural, photocatalytic and photoluminescent properties. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2014.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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84
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Khataee A, Karimi A, Arefi-Oskoui S, Darvishi Cheshmeh Soltani R, Hanifehpour Y, Soltani B, Joo SW. Sonochemical synthesis of Pr-doped ZnO nanoparticles for sonocatalytic degradation of Acid Red 17. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2015; 22:371-381. [PMID: 24931424 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2014.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Revised: 05/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Undoped and Pr-doped ZnO nanoparticles were prepared using a simple sonochemical method, and their sonocatalytic activity was investigated toward degradation of Acid Red 17 (AR17) under ultrasonic (US) irradiation. Synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) techniques. The extent of sonocatalytic degradation was higher compared with sonolysis alone. The decolorization efficiency of sonolysis alone, sonocatalysis with undoped ZnO and 5% Pr-doped ZnO was 24%, 46% and 100% within reaction time of 70min, respectively. Sonocatalytic degradation of AR17 increased with increasing the amount of dopant and catalyst dosage and decreasing initial dye concentration. Natural pH was favored the sonocatalytic degradation of AR17. With the addition of chloride, carbonate and sulfate as radical scavengers, the decolorization efficiency was decreased from 100% to 65%, 71% and 89% at the reaction time of 70min, respectively, indicating that the controlling mechanism of sonochemical degradation of AR17 is the free radicals (not pyrolysis). The addition of peroxydisulfate and hydrogen peroxide as enhancer improved the degradation efficiency from 79% to 85% and 93% at the reaction time of 50min, respectively. The result showed good reusability of the synthesized sonocatalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Khataee
- Research Laboratory of Advanced Water and Wastewater Treatment Processes, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Atefeh Karimi
- Research Laboratory of Advanced Water and Wastewater Treatment Processes, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Samira Arefi-Oskoui
- Research Laboratory of Advanced Water and Wastewater Treatment Processes, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Younes Hanifehpour
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, South Korea
| | - Behzad Soltani
- Department of Chemistry, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sang Woo Joo
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, South Korea.
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